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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自然来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自然来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>自然来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自然来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>生物学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生物学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-运动" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#运动"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>运动</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-运动-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化妆品工业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化妆品工业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>化妆品工业</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化妆品工业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食品工业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食品工业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>食品工业</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食品工业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-包裝工業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#包裝工業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>包裝工業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-包裝工業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">乳酸</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。71种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83" title="حمض اللبنيك – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمض اللبنيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cidu_l%C3%A1ctico" title="Ácidu láctico – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ácidu láctico" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اسید لاکتیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اسید لاکتیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Малочная кіслата – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малочная кіслата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Малочная кісьля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Малочная кісьля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Млечна киселина – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Млечна киселина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Mliječna kiselina – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mliječna kiselina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cid_l%C3%A0ctic" title="Àcid làctic – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àcid làctic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_ml%C3%A9%C4%8Dn%C3%A1" title="Kyselina mléčná – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyselina mléčná" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D1%82_%D0%B9%D3%B3%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Сĕт йӳçекĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕт йӳçекĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_lactig" title="Asid lactig – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asid lactig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6lkesyre" title="Mælkesyre – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mælkesyre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milchs%C3%A4ure" title="Milchsäure – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Milchsäure" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%8D" title="Γαλακτικό οξύ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλακτικό οξύ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lactic acid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktata_acido" title="Laktata acido – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Laktata acido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_l%C3%A1ctico" title="Ácido láctico – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ácido láctico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piimhape" title="Piimhape – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piimhape" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azido_laktiko" title="Azido laktiko – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azido laktiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اسید لاکتیک – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسید لاکتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitohappo" title="Maitohappo – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maitohappo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_lactique" title="Acide lactique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acide lactique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aig%C3%A9ad_lachtach" title="Aigéad lachtach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aigéad lachtach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_l%C3%A1ctico" title="Ácido láctico – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ácido láctico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חומצה לקטית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומצה לקטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="लैक्टिक अम्ल – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लैक्टिक अम्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Mliječna kiselina – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mliječna kiselina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_laktik" title="Asid laktik – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Asid laktik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejsav" title="Tejsav – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tejsav" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Կաթնաթթու – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաթնաթթու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_laktat" title="Asam laktat – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asam laktat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mj%C3%B3lkurs%C3%BDra" title="Mjólkursýra – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mjólkursýra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acido_lattico" title="Acido lattico – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acido lattico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="乳酸 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="乳酸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asem_laktat" title="Asem laktat – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Asem laktat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="რძემჟავა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რძემჟავა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%82_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Сүт қышқылы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сүт қышқылы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BD%ED%8A%B8%EC%82%B0" title="락트산 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="락트산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidum_lacticum" title="Acidum lacticum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Acidum lacticum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABllechsaier" title="Mëllechsaier – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mëllechsaier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieno_r%C5%ABg%C5%A1tis" title="Pieno rūgštis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pieno rūgštis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piensk%C4%81be" title="Pienskābe – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pienskābe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Млечна киселина – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Млечна киселина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ലാക്റ്റിക് ആസിഡ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാക്റ്റിക് ആസിഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_laktik" title="Asid laktik – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asid laktik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkzuur" title="Melkzuur – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Melkzuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mj%C3%B8lkesyre" title="Mjølkesyre – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mjølkesyre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkesyre" title="Melkesyre – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Melkesyre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwas_mlekowy" title="Kwas mlekowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwas mlekowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_l%C3%A1ctico" title="Ácido láctico – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ácido láctico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_lactic" title="Acid lactic – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acid lactic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Молочная кислота – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Молочная кислота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Mliječna kiselina – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mliječna kiselina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lactic acid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_mlie%C4%8Dna" title="Kyselina mliečna – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyselina mliečna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mle%C4%8Dna_kislina" title="Mlečna kislina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mlečna kislina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidi_Laktik" title="Acidi Laktik – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Acidi Laktik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Млечна киселина – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Млечна киселина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_laktat" title="Asam laktat – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Asam laktat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mj%C3%B6lksyra" title="Mjölksyra – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mjölksyra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="லாக்டிக் அமிலம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லாக்டிக் அமிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="లాక్టికామ్లం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లాక్టికామ్లం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กรดแล็กติก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรดแล็กติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktik_asit" title="Laktik asit – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Laktik asit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Молочна кислота – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Молочна кислота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%88" title="لیکٹک ایسڈ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیکٹک ایسڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sut_kislota" title="Sut kislota – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sut kislota" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_lactic" title="Acid lactic – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Acid lactic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksido_Lactico" title="Aksido Lactico – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aksido Lactico" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="乳酸 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乳酸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="乳酸 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乳酸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161249#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > 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hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&oldid=83665600" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&id=83665600&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B9%25B3%25E9%2585%25B8"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B9%25B3%25E9%2585%25B8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lactic_acid" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161249" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉相关主题的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2010年11月6日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="Talk:乳酸">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>缺少或没有列出<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>，或者有未能查证的内容。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2010年11月6日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>，化学类条目亦需严谨。请协助添加来自<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>的引用以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit">改善这篇化学类条目</a>。<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能被提出异议而移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">2-羥基丙酸 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"> <table class="borderless"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lactic-acid-skeletal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skeletal formula of L-lactic acid"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lactic-acid-skeletal.svg/120px-Lactic-acid-skeletal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lactic-acid-skeletal.svg/180px-Lactic-acid-skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lactic-acid-skeletal.svg/240px-Lactic-acid-skeletal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="117" /></a><figcaption>Skeletal formula of <small>L</small>-lactic acid</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lactic-acid-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ball-and-stick model of L-lactic acid"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Lactic-acid-3D-balls.png/120px-Lactic-acid-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Lactic-acid-3D-balls.png/180px-Lactic-acid-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Lactic-acid-3D-balls.png/240px-Lactic-acid-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>Ball-and-stick model of <small>L</small>-lactic acid</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Racemic_lactic_acid_sample.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Racemic_lactic_acid_sample.jpg/200px-Racemic_lactic_acid_sample.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Racemic_lactic_acid_sample.jpg/300px-Racemic_lactic_acid_sample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Racemic_lactic_acid_sample.jpg/400px-Racemic_lactic_acid_sample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="3220" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="max-width:305px; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="IUPAC命名法">IUPAC名</a><br />2-羥基丙酸<br />2-Hydroxypropanoic acid </td></tr> <tr> <td>别名 </td> <td>乳酸 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">识别 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=50-21-5">50-21-5</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup><br /><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=79-33-4">79-33-4</a></span>（<small>L</small>） <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup><br /><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=10326-41-7">10326-41-7</a></span>（<small>D</small>） <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/96860">96860</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SMILES" class="mw-redirect" title="SMILES">SMILES</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span lang="en">CC(O)C(=O)O</span></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:422">422</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">性质 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a> </td> <td>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a> </td> <td>90.08 g·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a> </td> <td><small>L</small>: 53 °C<br /><small>D</small>: 53 °C<br /><small>D</small>/<small>L</small>: 16.8 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a> </td> <td>122 °C at 12 mmHg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%BA%A6%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="酸度系数">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a> </td> <td><span lang="en">3.86<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">热力学 </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7%E7%84%93" title="标准摩尔燃烧焓">Δ<sub>c</sub><i>H</i><sub>m</sub><sup>⦵</sup></a> </td> <td>1361.9 kJ/mol, 325.5 kcal/mol, 15.1 kJ/g, 3.61 kcal/g </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">相关物质 </th></tr> <tr> <td>相关<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B8" title="羧酸">羧酸</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8" title="乙酸">乙酸</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87%E9%85%B8" title="乙醇酸">乙醇酸</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%B8" title="丙酸">丙酸</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%B8" title="丙二酸">丙二酸</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%85%B8" title="丁酸">丁酸</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>相关化学品 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1-%E4%B8%99%E9%86%87" title="1-丙醇">1-丙醇</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2-%E4%B8%99%E9%86%87" title="2-丙醇">2-丙醇</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%86%9B" title="丙醛">丙醛</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF%E9%86%9B" title="丙烯醛">丙烯醛</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="乳酸钠">乳酸鈉</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>乳酸</b>（<a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="學名">學名</a>：2-羥基丙酸）是一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a>，它在多种<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a>过程中起作用。它是一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B8" title="羧酸">羧酸</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%8F" title="分子式">分子式</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a><sub>3</sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a><sub>6</sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a><sub>3</sub>。它是一个含有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%9F%E5%9F%BA" title="羟基">羟基</a>的羧酸，因此是一个<a href="/wiki/%CE%91-%E7%BE%9F%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-羟酸">α-羟酸</a>（AHA）。在水溶液中它的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A7%E5%9F%BA" title="羧基">羧基</a>释放出一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>，而产生乳酸根离子 - 乳酸質(Lactate) - CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCOO<sup>−</sup>。 </p><p>乳酸有<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%80%A7" title="手性">手性</a>，有两个<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E5%85%89%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="旋光异构体">旋光异构体</a>。一个被称为<small>L</small>-(+)-乳酸或(<i>S</i>)-乳酸，另一个被称为<small>D</small>-(-)-乳酸或(<i>R</i>)-乳酸。<small>L</small>-(+)-是在生物学上重要的异构体。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1780年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒">卡尔·威廉·舍勒</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%A5%B6" title="酸奶">酸奶</a>中发现了乳酸。1808年<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E9%87%87%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="贝采利乌斯">贝采利乌斯</a>发现了肌肉内的乳酸，1873年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E6%A3%AE%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰内斯·威利森努斯（页面不存在）">约翰内斯·威利森努斯</a>澄清了其结构。1895年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%83%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E6%AE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%BF%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勃林格殷格翰公司（页面不存在）">勃林格殷格翰公司</a>发明了使用细菌制造乳酸的方法，从而开始了工业化的生物制造技术。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="自然来源"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.84.B6.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>自然来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：自然来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>左旋的乳酸在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%97%E6%B6%B2" title="汗液">汗液</a>、血、肌肉、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="肾">肾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86" class="mw-redirect" title="胆">胆</a>中出现。混合的乳酸来自酸奶制品、番茄汁、<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="啤酒">啤酒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A6%E7%89%87" title="鸦片">鸦片</a>和其它高等<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物学"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.89.A9.E5.AD.A6"></span>生物学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：生物学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lactate_dehydrogenase_mechanism.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lactate_dehydrogenase_mechanism.png/220px-Lactate_dehydrogenase_mechanism.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lactate_dehydrogenase_mechanism.png/330px-Lactate_dehydrogenase_mechanism.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lactate_dehydrogenase_mechanism.png/440px-Lactate_dehydrogenase_mechanism.png 2x" data-file-width="3585" data-file-height="2085" /></a><figcaption>丙酮酸盐在乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)作用下生成L-乳酸机理</figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="发酵">发酵</a>过程中<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6" title="乳酸脱氢酶">乳酸脱氢酶</a>将<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a>转换为左旋乳酸。在一般的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="新陳代謝">新陈代谢</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="运动">运动</a>中乳酸不断被产生，但是其浓度一般不会上升。只有在乳酸产生过程加快，乳酸无法被及时运走时其浓度才会提高。乳酸运输速度由一系列因素影响，其中包括单羧基转运体、乳酸脱氢酶的浓度和异构体形式、组织的氧化能力。一般来说<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液">血液</a>中的乳酸浓度在不运动时为1-2 mmol/L，在强烈运动时可以上升到20mmol/L。 </p><p>一般来说当组织的能量无法通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="有氧呼吸">有氧呼吸</a>得以满足，组织无法获得足够的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>或者无法足够快地处理氧的情况下乳酸的浓度会上升。在这种情况下<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="丙酮酸脱氢酶">丙酮酸脱氢酶</a>无法及时将丙酮酸转换为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E8%BE%85%E9%85%B6A" title="乙酰辅酶A">乙酰辅酶A</a>，丙酮酸开始堆积。在这种情况下假如乳酸脱氢酶不将丙酮酸还原为乳酸的话，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E9%85%B5%E8%A7%A3" title="糖酵解">糖酵解</a>过程和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">三磷酸腺苷</a>的生产会获得抑制。产生乳酸的过程为： </p> <dl><dd>丙酮酸 + NADH + H<sup>+</sup> → 乳酸 + NAD<sup>+</sup></dd></dl> <p>这个过程的意义在于重建糖酵解所需要的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E9%85%B0%E8%85%BA%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4%E4%BA%8C%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="烟酰腺嘌呤二核苷酸">烟酰腺嘌呤二核苷酸</a>（NAD<sup>+</sup>）来保持三磷酸腺苷的生产。 </p><p>在氧气充足的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89" title="肌肉">肌肉</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="细胞">细胞</a>中乳酸可以被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a>为丙酮酸，然后直接用来作为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="三羧酸循环">三羧酸循环</a>的燃料。它也可以在肝脏内<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%BC%82%E7%94%9F" title="糖异生">糖异生</a>的过程中通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="科里循环">科里循环</a>转化为<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%9D%86%E8%8F%8C%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="乳杆菌属">乳杆菌属</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C" title="细菌">细菌</a>也可以进行乳酸发酵。这些细菌可以生活在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="口">口</a>内，它们产生的乳酸是导致<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%B2%E9%BD%92" class="mw-redirect" title="齲齒">齲齒</a>的原因。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>裡乳酸常被用在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E6%B0%8F%E6%B6%B2" title="乳酸林格氏液">乳酸林格氏液</a>中。这是一种与人的血液<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="等张">等张</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="氯化钠">氯化钠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BE" title="氯化钾">氯化钾</a>和乳酸在<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F%E6%B0%B4" title="蒸馏水">蒸馏水</a>中的溶液。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%8D%E5%82%B7" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="損傷">损伤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="手术">手术</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%A7%E4%BC%A4" title="烧伤">烧伤</a>失血后常使用乳酸林格氏液来补充失血。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="运动"><span id=".E8.BF.90.E5.8A.A8"></span>运动</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：运动"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在强烈运动的过程中人体需要大量能量。这时人体内乳酸質的生产比组织移走乳酸质的速度高，组织内的乳酸质浓度提高。这个过程保障NAD<sup>+</sup>的再生和运动的继续。不像一般错误的描述，乳酸质浓度的上升本身并不导致<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="酸中毒">酸中毒</a>，它也不是肌肉酸痛的原因。在人体内乳酸质无法释放质子，因此没有酸性。对人体内<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E9%85%B5%E8%A7%A3%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84" class="mw-redirect" title="糖酵解途径">糖酵解途径</a>的分析证明这个过程不会导致酸中毒。 </p><p>强烈运动时造成的酸中毒有另一个原因。在三磷酸腺苷被分裂释放能量時它释放一个质子，这些质子是导致酸中毒的原因。在强烈运动时有氧新陈代谢(Aerobic Metabolism)无法保障三磷酸腺苷的生产，因此无氧新陈代谢(Anaerobic Metabolism)开始。这个过程可以产生大量三磷酸腺苷，这些三磷酸腺苷在分解时释放大量质子，降低组织内的pH值，造成酸中毒。这也许是强烈运动过程中肌肉酸痛的众多原因之一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="化妆品工业"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.A6.86.E5.93.81.E5.B7.A5.E4.B8.9A"></span>化妆品工业</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：化妆品工业"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在化妆品工业中，乳酸常用来取代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87%E9%85%B8" title="乙醇酸">乙醇酸</a>，因为它比乙醇酸的刺激性要小。它據稱具有减缓<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%B1%E7%BA%B9" title="皱纹">皺紋</a>、减轻阳光造成的伤害、加强<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A" title="皮膚">皮膚</a>结构、肤色和提高皮肤的形态等等的效果。 </p><p>使用乳酸作為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%A6%9D%E5%93%81" title="化妝品">化妝用品</a>時要進行額外防範，因为乳酸可以提高對於陽光中<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>的敏感度。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="食品工业"><span id=".E9.A3.9F.E5.93.81.E5.B7.A5.E4.B8.9A"></span>食品工业</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：食品工业"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在食品工业中乳酸被用来调节食品的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="酸度">酸度</a>。食品中的乳酸可以是通过<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96" title="乳糖">乳糖</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="发酵">发酵</a>获得的，但大多数是通过细菌对<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89" title="淀粉">淀粉</a>的发酵获得的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="包裝工業"><span id=".E5.8C.85.E8.A3.9D.E5.B7.A5.E6.A5.AD"></span>包裝工業</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：包裝工業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>乳酸為製造<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="聚乳酸">聚乳酸</a>(Poly lactic acid)的單體，聚乳酸目前被廣泛地應用，由於其具有生物可分解性質。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawson, R. M. C. <i>et al</i>., <i>Data for Biochemical Research</i>, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="乳酸盐（页面不存在）">乳酸盐</a> CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCOO<sup>-</sup></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table style="width:100%;margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCOOH</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="10" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%94%82" title="乳酸锂">LiC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸铍（页面不存在）">Be(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>B </td> <td>C </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%93%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸铵（页面不存在）">NH<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>O </td> <td>F </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="乳酸钠">NaC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%95%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸镁（页面不存在）">Mg(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%93%9D" title="乳酸铝">Al(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Si </td> <td>P </td> <td>S </td> <td>Cl </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸钾（页面不存在）">KC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸钙（页面不存在）">Ca(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Sc </td> <td>Ti </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二乳酸钒（页面不存在）">V(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三乳酸钒（页面不存在）">V(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸亚铬（页面不存在）">Cr(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%93%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸铬（页面不存在）">Cr(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%94%B0" title="乳酸锰">Mn(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81" title="乳酸亚铁">Fe(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸铁（页面不存在）">Fe(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%B4" title="乳酸钴">Co(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%95%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸镍（页面不存在）">Ni(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%93%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳酸铜（页面不存在）">Cu(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%94%8C" title="乳酸锌">Zn(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Ga </td> <td>Ge </td> <td>As </td> <td>Se </td> <td>Br </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td>Rb </td> <td>Sr </td> <td>Y </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%94%86" title="乳酸锆">Zr(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Nb </td> <td>Mo </td> <td>Tc </td> <td>Ru </td> <td>Rh </td> <td>Pd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%93%B6" title="乳酸银">AgC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%95%89" title="乳酸镉">Cd(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>In </td> <td>Sn </td> <td>Sb </td> <td>Te </td> <td>I </td> <td>Xe </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td>Cs </td> <td>Ba </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"><span title="镧系元素" style="font-family: Courier, monospace;">镧系</span> </td> <td>Hf </td> <td>Ta </td> <td>W </td> <td>Re </td> <td>Os </td> <td>Ir </td> <td>Pt </td> <td>Au </td> <td>Hg </td> <td>Tl </td> <td>Pb </td> <td>Bi </td> <td>Po </td> <td>At </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td>Fr </td> <td>Ra </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"><span title="锕系元素" style="font-family: Courier, monospace;">锕系</span> </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="1"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">↓ </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"><span title="镧系元素" style="font-family: Courier, monospace;">镧系</span> </td> <td>La </td> <td>Ce </td> <td>Pr </td> <td>Nd </td> <td>Pm </td> <td>Sm </td> <td>Eu </td> <td>Gd </td> <td>Tb </td> <td>Dy </td> <td>Ho </td> <td>Er </td> <td>Tm </td> <td>Yb </td> <td>Lu </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;vertical-align:top"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"><span title="锕系元素" style="font-family: Courier, monospace;">锕系</span> </td> <td>Ac </td> <td>Th </td> <td>Pa </td> <td>U </td> <td>Np </td> <td>Pu </td> <td>Am </td> <td>Cm </td> <td>Bk </td> <td>Cf </td> <td>Es </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td> <td>Lr </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有机乳酸盐和乳酸酯</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%A5%B4%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="雷佛奴爾">C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>21</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a><span 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