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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baekje_Refugees_of_Later_Silla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baekje_Refugees_of_Later_Silla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Baekje Refugees of Later Silla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baekje_Refugees_of_Later_Silla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_Later_Silla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_Later_Silla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Decline of Later Silla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_Later_Silla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_to_Power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_to_Power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rise to Power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_to_Power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Internal affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Military affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_ties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_ties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diplomatic ties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_ties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A9" title="بايكتشي اللاحقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بايكتشي اللاحقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87" title="یئنی باکجه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئنی باکجه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubaekje" title="Hubaekje – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hubaekje" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubaekje" title="Hubaekje – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hubaekje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88" title="بکجه نو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بکجه نو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EB%B0%B1%EC%A0%9C" title="후백제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="후백제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubaekje" title="Hubaekje – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hubaekje" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubaekje" title="Hubaekje – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hubaekje" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubaekje" title="Hubaekje – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hubaekje" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekje_Akhir" title="Baekje Akhir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Baekje Akhir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%99%BE%E6%B8%88" title="後百済 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="後百済" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubaekje" title="Hubaekje – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hubaekje" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Хупэкче – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хупэкче" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9A" title="පසුකාලීන බෙක්ජේ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පසුකාලීන බෙක්ජේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AC%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E" title="بایکجیی نوێ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بایکجیی نوێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubaekje" title="Hubaekje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hubaekje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="อาณาจักรแพ็กเจใหม่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาณาจักรแพ็กเจใหม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubaekje" title="Hubaekje – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hubaekje" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Хупекче – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хупекче" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_B%C3%A1ch_T%E1%BA%BF" title="Hậu Bách Tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hậu Bách Tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%99%BE%E6%BF%9F" title="後百濟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="後百濟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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#a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Later Baekje</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">후백제 (後百濟)</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Hubaekje</i></span><hr /><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">백제 (百濟)</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Baekje</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">892–936</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:History_of_Korea-Later_three_Kingdoms_Period-915_CE.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Later Baekje (in green) in 915"><img alt="Later Baekje (in green) in 915" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/History_of_Korea-Later_three_Kingdoms_Period-915_CE.gif/250px-History_of_Korea-Later_three_Kingdoms_Period-915_CE.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/History_of_Korea-Later_three_Kingdoms_Period-915_CE.gif/375px-History_of_Korea-Later_three_Kingdoms_Period-915_CE.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/History_of_Korea-Later_three_Kingdoms_Period-915_CE.gif/500px-History_of_Korea-Later_three_Kingdoms_Period-915_CE.gif 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Later Baekje (in green) in 915</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeonju" title="Jeonju">Wansanju</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Korean" title="Old Korean">Old Korean</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a> <small>(literary)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Buddhism</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Korean_Confucianism" title="Korean Confucianism">Confucianism</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Korean_Taoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Taoism">Taoism</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Korean_Shamanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Shamanism">Shamanism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">King</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 892–935 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Fn_Hw%C5%8Fn" title="Kyŏn Hwŏn">Kyŏn Hwŏn</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 935–936 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Fn_Sin-g%C5%8Fm" title="Kyŏn Sin-gŏm">Kyŏn Sin-gŏm</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Establishment </div></th><td class="infobox-data">892</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Fall </div></th><td class="infobox-data">936</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Military_Banner_of_Silla.svg/20px-Military_Banner_of_Silla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Military_Banner_of_Silla.svg/30px-Military_Banner_of_Silla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Military_Banner_of_Silla.svg/40px-Military_Banner_of_Silla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_Silla" title="Unified Silla">Unified Silla</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Goryeo_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Goryeo Dynasty">Goryeo Dynasty</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg/20px-Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg/30px-Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg/40px-Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Later Baekje</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">후백제</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:後">後</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE" class="extiw" title="wikt:百">百</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BF%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:濟">濟</a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Hu-baekje</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Hu-paekche</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Korea" title="Category:History of Korea">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History of <span class="fn org label">Korea</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gyeongbokgung_Palace.png" class="mw-file-description" title="thum"><img alt="thum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gyeongbokgung_Palace.png/200px-Gyeongbokgung_Palace.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gyeongbokgung_Palace.png/300px-Gyeongbokgung_Palace.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gyeongbokgung_Palace.png/400px-Gyeongbokgung_Palace.png 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Korea" title="Prehistoric Korea">Prehistoric period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic period">Palaeolithic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 700,000 BC-8000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic period">Neolithic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 8000 BC–1500 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Jeulmun_pottery_period" title="Jeulmun pottery period">Jeulmun</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1500 BC–300 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Mumun_pottery_period" title="Mumun pottery period">Mumun</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <i><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning dagger</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="mythological">2333 BC</abbr>–108 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Dangun_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangun Joseon"><span style="font-size:85%;">Dangun</span></a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Gija_Joseon" title="Gija Joseon"><span style="font-size:85%;">Gija</span></a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/Wiman_Joseon" title="Wiman Joseon"><span style="font-size:85%;">Wiman</span></a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Korean_state)" title="Jin (Korean state)">Jin</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 4th–2nd century BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yemaek" title="Yemaek">Yemaek</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Proto%E2%80%93Three_Kingdoms_period" title="Proto–Three Kingdoms period">Proto–Three Kingdoms period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takri_Kingdom" title="Takri Kingdom">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ye" title="Eastern Ye">Dongye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyeo" title="Buyeo">Buyeo</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Buyeo" title="Eastern Buyeo">Eastern</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Galsa_Buyeo" title="Galsa Buyeo">Galsa</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okjeo" title="Okjeo">Okjeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhan" title="Samhan">Samhan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mahan_confederacy" title="Mahan confederacy">Ma</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Byeonhan_confederacy" title="Byeonhan confederacy">Byeon</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jinhan_confederacy" title="Jinhan confederacy">Jin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangnang_Kingdom" title="Nangnang Kingdom">Nakrang</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Commanderies_of_Han" title="Four Commanderies of Han">Four Commanderies of Han</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 37 BC–668 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 18 BC–660 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 57 BC–935 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Gaya_confederacy" title="Gaya confederacy">Gaya confederacy</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 42–562</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna</a> (Tributary of Baekje)</i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 498–660</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Usan" title="Usan">Usan</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 512–930</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_States_period" title="Northern and Southern States period">Northern and Southern period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Silla" class="mw-redirect" title="United Silla">United Silla</a> (Unified Silla)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 668–892</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 698–926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Goguryeo" title="Little Goguryeo">Little Goguryeo</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 699–820</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna</a> (Tributary of Silla)</i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 662–925</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Later_Three_Kingdoms" title="Later Three Kingdoms">Later Three Kingdoms period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Later Baekje</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 892–936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taebong" title="Taebong">Taebong</a> (Later Goguryeo)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 901–918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Silla" class="mw-redirect" title="United Silla">Unified Silla</a> (Later Silla)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 892–935</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Later_Sabeol" title="Later Sabeol">Later Sabeol</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 919–927</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Dongdan_Kingdom" title="Dongdan Kingdom">Dongdan Kingdom</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 926–936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Later_Balhae" title="Later Balhae">Later Balhae</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 927–935</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Jeongan" title="Jeongan">Jeongan</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 938–986</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Dynastic period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 918–1392</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Tamna" title="Tamna">Tamna</a> (Vassal of Goryeo)</i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 938–1105</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Xingliao" title="Xingliao">Heungyo</a></i></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1029–1030</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1392–1897</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1897–1910</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Colonial period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japanese occupation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1910–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1919–1948</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea#Post-World_War_II" title="Division of Korea">Military governments</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1945–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">North-South division</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1945–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Korea" title="History of North Korea">North</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">* <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Korea" title="History of South Korea">South</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">By topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Korean architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art#History" title="Korean art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean_cuisine" title="History of Korean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_currency" title="Korean currency">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Korea" title="History of education in Korea">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Korea" title="Geography of Korea">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Korea" title="Historiography of Korea">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean" title="History of Korean">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Korea" title="Military history of Korea">Military</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Korea" title="List of wars involving Korea">List</a></span> · <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Goguryeo" title="Military history of Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea" title="List of monarchs of Korea">Monarchs</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Korean_monarchs" title="Family tree of Korean monarchs">Family tree</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Korea" title="Names of Korea">Names</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Era names</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Korea" title="Naval history of Korea">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_newspapers_in_Korea" title="History of newspapers in Korea">Newspapers</a></li> <li>Politics (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon Dynasty politics">Joseon</a></span> · <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">North</a></span> · <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">South</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of religion in Korea">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Korean Buddhism"><span style="font-size:85%;">Buddhism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in Korea"><span style="font-size:85%;">Christianity</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in Korea"><span style="font-size:85%;">Islam</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Korea" title="History of science and technology in Korea">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Korea" title="History of women in Korea">Women</a></li> <li>World Heritage Sites (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_Korea" title="List of World Heritage Sites in North Korea">North</a></span> · <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_South_Korea" title="List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea">South</a></span>)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history" title="Timeline of Korean history">Timeline</a></b></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/16px-Korea_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/24px-Korea_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Korea_Map.svg/32px-Korea_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Korea" class="mw-disambig" title="Portal:Korea">Korea portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Korea" title="Template:History of Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Korea" title="Template talk:History of Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Later Baekje</b> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">후백제</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">後百濟</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Hubaekje</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Korean pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ko-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">[hu.bɛk̚.t͈ɕe]</a></span>) was one of the <a href="/wiki/Later_Three_Kingdoms" title="Later Three Kingdoms">Later Three Kingdoms</a> of Korea, along with <a href="/wiki/Taebong" title="Taebong">Taebong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>. Later Baekje was a <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Korean</a> dynastic kingdom founded by the disaffected <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> general <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Fn_Hw%C5%8Fn" title="Kyŏn Hwŏn">Kyŏn Hwŏn</a> in 900, whom led the local gentry and populace that were in large <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> descent holding onto their collective consciousness until the twilight days of Later Silla.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the former Silla general declaring the revival of the <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> kingdom of old, the Baekje refugees from the old territories and a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Bone-rank_system" title="Bone-rank system">Rank Six Nobility</a> from Silla seeking the opportunity of rising up the ranks gathered under his leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Led by the charismatic and capable Kyŏn Hwŏn who was also a competent field commander, Later Baekje in its early days was advantageous in the power game against the newly found kingdom Goryeo and the declining Silla. However, despite its fertile territories in the <a href="/wiki/Jeolla_Province" title="Jeolla Province">Jeolla Province</a> and capable military prowess, it eventually fell to <a href="/wiki/Taejo_of_Goryeo" title="Taejo of Goryeo">Wang Kŏn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> army in 936 due to political strife and Kyŏn Hwŏn 's defection towards Goryeo. Its <a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">capital</a> was at <a href="/wiki/Jeonju" title="Jeonju">Jeonju</a>, in present-day <a href="/wiki/North_Jeolla" class="mw-redirect" title="North Jeolla">North Jeolla</a> province.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baekje_Refugees_of_Later_Silla">Baekje Refugees of Later Silla</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Baekje Refugees of Later Silla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With Silla defeating the Tang Dynasty during the <a href="/wiki/Silla%E2%80%93Tang_War" title="Silla–Tang War">Silla-Tang Wars</a> and finalizing the unification of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms</a>, an opportunity was provided for the culture of the three kingdoms to converge and for the residents to be integrated. When it came to Baekje, the vast majority of its populace including the ruling class was admitted to the polities of Silla onwards. However, Later Silla adhered to its Bone-Rank System that was highly exclusive towards the Goguryeo and Baekje refugees. In the case for those that came from Baekje, the discriminatory treatment was more severe. This was due to the fact that Baekje people resisted against Silla during its revival movement from 660 to 663. After the revival movement, Baekje refugees that were cooperative to the Silla government joined the ranks of the Nine Legions as part of the Blue and White Legion; fighting the Tang armies during the <a href="/wiki/Silla%E2%80%93Tang_War" title="Silla–Tang War">Silla-Tang Wars</a>. Some, portion of the former royals and nobles of Baekje, were granted titles and positions by Munmu of Silla himself. However, despite these measures, there was a limit to embracing the people of Baekje by Silla when it came to fully integrating them. </p><p>Many of the former Baekje ruling class became ordinary people after the fall of Baekje. As evidenced by this, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Eight_Families" title="Great Eight Families">Eight Great Families of Baekje</a> was lost to history with many of them discarding their surnames. Though some were awarded, hence granted prestigious titles by Silla, the prizes that were bestowed upon them was far lesser of the old status back in Baekje. The Baekje people and that of their descendants' political success was bound to be limited. This eventually led to the dissatisfaction of the residents of the former Baekje region and the perception that they were in fact descendants of Baekje residents as a whole; holding an antipathic attitude against the Silla and preserving their <a href="/wiki/Collective_consciousness" title="Collective consciousness">collective consciousness</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_Later_Silla">Decline of Later Silla</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Decline of Later Silla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Unification of the Three Kingdoms, Later Silla reigned as an powerhouse in the Eastern World, enjoying its heyday of more than 220 years. However, as it proceeded to decline, the local gentries across the country known as <i>hojok</i> began to have a desire to revolt, feeling that the central government's control over the provinces it held gradually weakened due to the endless struggle for the throne amongst the True Bone-class nobility. </p><p>In the era of <a href="/wiki/Jinseong_of_Silla" title="Jinseong of Silla">Queen Jinseong</a> (887-897), the newly crowned queen of Silla, collected taxes were not efficient due to Silla's weakened grip over its territories beyond its capital and the vicinity of it. Thus, officials were sent by the central government to urge the peasants and farmers across the country to have their taxes paid, infuriating them in the process. What came after were a series of rebellion with the Rebellion of Wŏnjong and Aeno in the Sabeol Province being the most famous of them. Though the rebellion led by Wonjong and Aeno (889) was put down to an end by Silla's army, it signaled the beginning of the Later Three Kingdoms period that was to severely weaken Silla in the following years. </p><p>When it began with his attack on <a href="/wiki/Gwangju" title="Gwangju">Mujinju</a> in 892, Kyŏn Hwŏn's rebellion was only one among numerous rebellions which sprouted up against the weak Silla rulers in the late 9th century. Many of these rebellions were initially triggered by the Silla decision to use force to collect taxes on the peasantry in 889 (Lee, 1984, p. 98). At this time most of the power on the peninsula was held by local <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a>, who lacked strong loyalty to the central government. It was thus fairly easy for rebellions led by disaffected military officials to gain steam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_to_Power">Rise to Power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rise to Power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kyŏn Hwŏn, who was originally a military officer in Silla, was deployed in the southwest sea (<a href="/wiki/South_Jeolla_Province" title="South Jeolla Province">South Jeolla Province</a>) to wipe out pirates. However, his course of thinking that Silla was gradually declining resulted in his revolt in Mujinju (today's <a href="/wiki/Gwangju" title="Gwangju">Gwangju</a>) in 892. The <a href="/wiki/Samguk_sagi" title="Samguk sagi">Samguk-sagi</a> records as many as 5,000 people participating in his revolt. Kyŏn Hwŏn would march his army to occupy Mujinju and Wansanju (Jeonju). Afterwards, he ruled the area and internally referred to himself as the King of Baekje in 900. Having the country named (Later) Baekje was part of his plan to establish the state as an authentic successor to the ancient kingdom of Baekje, which dominated the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula until it was conquered by Silla in 660. Additionally, Kyŏn Hwŏn having the country named after the old kingdom was with the justification of solving <a href="/wiki/Uija_of_Baekje" title="Uija of Baekje">Uija</a>'s long-cherished grudge towards Silla and inheriting the old kingdom itself. These measures were advantageous in the sense of gaining support from the Baekje refugees living in the area and rationalizing the rebellion against Silla above all else. The capital was later moved to Wansanju (now <a href="/wiki/Jeonju" title="Jeonju">Jeonju</a>) as well, which was closer to the central realms of old Baekje. Government offices were established in various parts of the country from this point on. </p><p>Afterwards, envoys were sent to <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a> across the sea to establish diplomatic relations while territorial expansion policies were being implemented to subdue local gentries and independent castellans beyond. The confrontation with Taebong, the northern counterpart of the Later Three Kingdoms founded by Kung Ye and the Goguryeo refugees, would begin when both states confronted each other in the Ungju province (now <a href="/wiki/South_Chungcheong_Province" title="South Chungcheong Province">South Chungcheong Province</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_affairs">Internal affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Internal affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For all but the last year of its existence, Later Baekje was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Fn_Hw%C5%8Fn" title="Kyŏn Hwŏn">Kyŏn Hwŏn </a>, and his personal style of rule played a key role in the kingdom's fate. </p><p>After declaring himself king, Kyŏn Hwŏn took <a href="/wiki/Polygyny" title="Polygyny">numerous wives</a>, and is said to have had 10 sons by them in addition to the eight borne by his first wife. This laid the groundwork for the strife which ended the kingdom's existence. </p><p>In 935, Kyŏn Hwŏn chose his fourth son Kŭm-gang over the elder sons as the <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a> of Later aekje. At this the eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Fn_Sin-g%C5%8Fm" title="Kyŏn Sin-gŏm">Kyŏn Sin-gŏm</a>, conspiring with his brothers, had his father confined to <a href="/wiki/Geumsansa" title="Geumsansa">Geumsansa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gimje" title="Gimje">Gimje</a>. Kyŏn Sin-gŏm killed Crown Prince Kŭm-gang and took the throne for himself. However, Kyŏn Hwŏn escaped to Goryeo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_affairs">Military affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Military affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For much of its existence, Later Baekje was troubled by Wang Kŏn's <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">naval</a> raids in <a href="/wiki/Naju" title="Naju">Naju</a> region. These worked to disrupt trade and <a href="#Diplomatic_ties">diplomatic ties</a> with Southern Chinese kingdoms. </p><p>Later Baekje possessed considerable military strength. South Korean historian <a href="/wiki/Ki-baik_Lee" title="Ki-baik Lee">Ki-baik Lee</a> writes of Kyŏn Hwŏn that "Had <a href="/wiki/Kungye" class="mw-redirect" title="Kungye">Kungye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wang_K%C5%8Fn" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Kŏn">Wang Kŏn</a> not stood in his way, he surely would have had little difficulty in toppling Silla."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Baekje showed its greatest strength in 927. In that year its armies attacked and pillaged the Silla capital at <a href="/wiki/Gyeongju" title="Gyeongju">Gyeongju</a>, slaying <a href="/wiki/Gyeongae_of_Silla" title="Gyeongae of Silla">King Gyeongae</a> and establishing <a href="/wiki/Gyeongsun_of_Silla" title="Gyeongsun of Silla">King Gyeongsun</a> as the ruler. Before the attack, Silla had sent for aid from Goryeo, and Wang Kŏn arrived with a large army shortly after Gyeongju was taken. The two armies met near <a href="/wiki/Palgong_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Palgong Mountain">Palgong Mountain</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a>. Wang Kŏn's forces in the battle reportedly numbered 10,000 men. Later Baekje triumphed, and Wang Kŏn himself only escaped through the daring self-sacrifice of his general <a href="/wiki/Sin_Sung-gy%C5%8Fm" title="Sin Sung-gyŏm">Sin Sung-gyŏm</a> and <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EB%82%99" class="extiw" title="ko:김낙">Kim Nak</a>. </p><p>However, when the two armies met again at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gochang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gochang (page does not exist)">Battle of Gochang</a> near <a href="/wiki/Andong" title="Andong">Andong</a> in 930, Goryeo scored a decisive victory. Later Baekje was pushed back into its heartland, and there suffered a further crippling defeat at <a href="/wiki/Hongseong_County" title="Hongseong County">Hongseong</a> in 934. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_ties">Diplomatic ties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diplomatic ties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Wang Kon sought to maintain <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy (political science)">legitimacy</a> through <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomatic</a> ties with northern <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, Kyŏn Hwŏn strove to do the same by maintaining ties with the rulers of southern China, particularly <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a>. However, because Later Baekje's existence largely coincided with the turbulent <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a> in China, neither side was able to parlay these ties into military support. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fall">Fall</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After he was deposed by his sons in 935 and fled to Goryeo, Kyŏn Hwŏn himself came to lead the armies against Later Baekje. Together with Wang Kŏn, the <i><a href="/wiki/Samguk_Yusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Samguk Yusa">Samguk Yusa</a></i> reports that he led an army of 100,000 against his former kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Goryeo and Later Baekje armies met at <a href="/wiki/Seonsan" title="Seonsan">Seonsan</a>, today part of <a href="/wiki/Gumi,_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumi, South Korea">Gumi</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Gyeongsang" class="mw-redirect" title="North Gyeongsang">North Gyeongsang</a> province, and the Later Baekje forces were destroyed. Later Baekje thus finally fell in 936, one year after King Gyeongsun had surrendered Silla to Wang Kŏn. The battle of Seonsan thus marked the end of the Later Three Kingdoms period. </p><p>In his own characteristically open-handed style, Wang Kŏn conferred a title upon the defeated leader Sin-gŏm. Sin-gŏm's younger brothers Yang-gŏm and Yong-gŏm, who were judged to have been to <a href="/wiki/Blame" title="Blame">blame</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27etat" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup d'etat">coup d'etat</a>, were sent into <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History of Korea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCho2018" class="citation journal cs1">Cho, In-Sung (2018). "From Unification to Division : on the Background of the Formation of Later Baekje". <i>Silla History Society</i>. <b>42</b>: 1–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Silla+History+Society&rft.atitle=From+Unification+to+Division+%3A+on+the+Background+of+the+Formation+of+Later+Baekje&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=1-31&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=In-Sung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Baekje" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBae2021" class="citation journal cs1">Bae, Jae-Hoon (2021). "The situation of the Gyeonhwon government in Mujinju". <i>Ancient Korean Historical Studies</i>. <b>103</b>: 299–336.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Korean+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=The+situation+of+the+Gyeonhwon+government+in+Mujinju&rft.volume=103&rft.pages=299-336&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Bae&rft.aufirst=Jae-Hoon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Baekje" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCho2003" class="citation journal cs1">Cho, Beop-jong (2003). "Studies on the Four-Spirit Belief(四靈) in the Jeonju(全州), the Capital of Hubaekje(後百濟)". <i>Ancient Korean Historical Studies</i>. <b>29</b>: 191–218.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Korean+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+Four-Spirit+Belief%28%E5%9B%9B%E9%9D%88%29+in+the+Jeonju%28%E5%85%A8%E5%B7%9E%29%2C+the+Capital+of+Hubaekje%28%E5%BE%8C%E7%99%BE%E6%BF%9F%29&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=191-218&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=Beop-jong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Baekje" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeSchultzWagner1984" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Ki-baik; Schultz, Edward J.; Wagner, Edward W. (1984). <i>A New history of Korea</i>. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard university press, for the Harvard-Yenching institute. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-61575-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-61575-1"><bdi>0-674-61575-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+history+of+Korea&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.%3B+London&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Harvard+university+press%2C+for+the+Harvard-Yenching+institute&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-674-61575-1&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ki-baik&rft.au=Schultz%2C+Edward+J.&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Edward+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALater+Baekje" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Il-yeon" title="Il-yeon">Il-yeon</a>: <i>Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea</i>, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 135f. Silk Pagoda (2006). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59654-348-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59654-348-5">1-59654-348-5</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Baekje&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lee, K. (1984). <i>A new history of Korea.</i> Trans. by E. W. Wagner & E. J. Schulz, based on Korean rev. ed. of 1976. Seoul: Ilchogak. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/89-337-0204-0" title="Special:BookSources/89-337-0204-0">89-337-0204-0</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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