[2307.00441] Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals Metals Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GeTe$

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>[2307.00441] Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals Metals Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv.css?v=20240822" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv-print.css?v=20200611" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/browse_search.css" /> <script language="javascript" src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/accordion.js" /></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/slider.css?v=1.15" /> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/donate.js?v=1.11"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.00441"/> <meta name="description" content="Abstract page for arXiv paper 2307.00441: Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals Metals Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$"><meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="arXiv.org" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals Metals Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.00441v2" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="700" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="arXiv logo"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted considerable attention recently for both fundamental understanding of magnetism and their tunability towards device applications. The isostructural Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ are two members of the Fe-based van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet family, but exhibit very different Curie temperatures (T$_C$) of 210 K and 360 K, respectively. Here, by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory, we systematically compare the electronic structures of the two compounds. Qualitative similarities in the Fermi surface can be found between the two compounds, with expanded hole pockets in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ suggesting additional hole carriers compared to Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. Interestingly, we observe no band shift in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ across its T$_C$ of 360 K, compared to a small shift in Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ across its T$_C$ of 210 K. The weak temperature-dependent evolution strongly deviates from the expectations of an itinerant Stoner mechanism. Our results suggest that itinerant electrons have minimal contributions to the enhancement of T$_C$ in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ compared to Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$, and that the nature of ferromagnetism in these Fe-based vdW ferromagnets must be understood with considerations of the electron correlations."/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@arxiv"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals..."/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted considerable attention recently for both fundamental understanding of magnetism and their tunability towards device applications. The..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static.arxiv.org/icons/twitter/arxiv-logo-twitter-square.png"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="arXiv logo"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/tooltip.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="https://static.arxiv.org/js/bibex-dev/bibex.css?20200709"/> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/mathjaxToggle.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/js-cookie@2/src/js.cookie.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/dompurify@2.3.5/dist/purify.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/toggle-labs.js?20241022" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/cite.js" type="text/javascript"></script><meta name="citation_title" content="Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals Metals Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Wu, Han" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Hu, Chaowei" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Xie, Yaofeng" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Jang, Bo Gyu" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Huang, Jianwei" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Guo, Yucheng" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Wu, Shan" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Hu, Cheng" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Yue, Ziqin" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Shi, Yue" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ren, Zheng" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Yilmaz, T." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Vescovo, Elio" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Jozwiak, Chris" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Bostwick, Aaron" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Rotenberg, Eli" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Fedorov, Alexei" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Denlinger, Jonathan" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Klewe, Christoph" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Shafer, Padraic" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Lu, Donghui" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Hashimoto, Makoto" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kono, Junichiro" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Birgeneau, Robert J." /><meta name="citation_author" content="Xu, Xiaodong" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Zhu, Jian-Xin" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Dai, Pengcheng" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Chu, Jiun-Haw" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Yi, Ming" /><meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1103/PhysRevB.109.104410" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2023/07/01" /><meta name="citation_online_date" content="2023/12/02" /><meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.00441" /><meta name="citation_arxiv_id" content="2307.00441" /><meta name="citation_abstract" content="Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted considerable attention recently for both fundamental understanding of magnetism and their tunability towards device applications. The isostructural Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ are two members of the Fe-based van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet family, but exhibit very different Curie temperatures (T$_C$) of 210 K and 360 K, respectively. Here, by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory, we systematically compare the electronic structures of the two compounds. Qualitative similarities in the Fermi surface can be found between the two compounds, with expanded hole pockets in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ suggesting additional hole carriers compared to Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. Interestingly, we observe no band shift in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ across its T$_C$ of 360 K, compared to a small shift in Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ across its T$_C$ of 210 K. The weak temperature-dependent evolution strongly deviates from the expectations of an itinerant Stoner mechanism. Our results suggest that itinerant electrons have minimal contributions to the enhancement of T$_C$ in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ compared to Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$, and that the nature of ferromagnetism in these Fe-based vdW ferromagnets must be understood with considerations of the electron correlations." /> </head> <body class="with-cu-identity"> <aside class="slider-wrapper bps-banner forum blue"> <a class="close-slider bps-banner" href="#"><img src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/close-slider.png" alt="close this message"></a> <div class="columns"> <img role="presentation" class="bps-banner-image" src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/smileybones-pixel.png" alt="arXiv Smilely Bones"> <div class="copy-donation bps-banner"> <h2>Happy Giving Tuesday - support arXiv today!</h2> <p>Thank you to everyone who makes arXiv possible. 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v2)]</div> <h1 class="title mathjax"><span class="descriptor">Title:</span>Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals Metals Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$</h1> <div class="authors"><span class="descriptor">Authors:</span><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Wu,+H" rel="nofollow">Han Wu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Hu,+C" rel="nofollow">Chaowei Hu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Xie,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yaofeng Xie</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Jang,+B+G" rel="nofollow">Bo Gyu Jang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Huang,+J" rel="nofollow">Jianwei Huang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Guo,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yucheng Guo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Wu,+S" rel="nofollow">Shan Wu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Hu,+C" rel="nofollow">Cheng Hu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Yue,+Z" rel="nofollow">Ziqin Yue</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Shi,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yue Shi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Ren,+Z" rel="nofollow">Zheng Ren</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Yilmaz,+T" rel="nofollow">T. Yilmaz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Vescovo,+E" rel="nofollow">Elio Vescovo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Jozwiak,+C" rel="nofollow">Chris Jozwiak</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Bostwick,+A" rel="nofollow">Aaron Bostwick</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Rotenberg,+E" rel="nofollow">Eli Rotenberg</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Fedorov,+A" rel="nofollow">Alexei Fedorov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Denlinger,+J" rel="nofollow">Jonathan Denlinger</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Klewe,+C" rel="nofollow">Christoph Klewe</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Shafer,+P" rel="nofollow">Padraic Shafer</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Lu,+D" rel="nofollow">Donghui Lu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Hashimoto,+M" rel="nofollow">Makoto Hashimoto</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Kono,+J" rel="nofollow">Junichiro Kono</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Birgeneau,+R+J" rel="nofollow">Robert J. Birgeneau</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Xu,+X" rel="nofollow">Xiaodong Xu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Zhu,+J" rel="nofollow">Jian-Xin Zhu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Dai,+P" rel="nofollow">Pengcheng Dai</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Chu,+J" rel="nofollow">Jiun-Haw Chu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Yi,+M" rel="nofollow">Ming Yi</a></div> <div id="download-button-info" hidden>View a PDF of the paper titled Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals Metals Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$, by Han Wu and 28 other authors</div> <a class="mobile-submission-download" href="/pdf/2307.00441">View PDF</a> <blockquote class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="descriptor">Abstract:</span>Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted considerable attention recently for both fundamental understanding of magnetism and their tunability towards device applications. The isostructural Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ are two members of the Fe-based van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet family, but exhibit very different Curie temperatures (T$_C$) of 210 K and 360 K, respectively. Here, by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory, we systematically compare the electronic structures of the two compounds. Qualitative similarities in the Fermi surface can be found between the two compounds, with expanded hole pockets in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ suggesting additional hole carriers compared to Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. Interestingly, we observe no band shift in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ across its T$_C$ of 360 K, compared to a small shift in Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ across its T$_C$ of 210 K. The weak temperature-dependent evolution strongly deviates from the expectations of an itinerant Stoner mechanism. Our results suggest that itinerant electrons have minimal contributions to the enhancement of T$_C$ in Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ compared to Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$, and that the nature of ferromagnetism in these Fe-based vdW ferromagnets must be understood with considerations of the electron correlations. </blockquote>  <div class="metatable"> <table summary="Additional metadata"><tr> <td class="tablecell label">Subjects:</td> <td class="tablecell subjects"> <span class="primary-subject">Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)</span></td> </tr><tr> <td class="tablecell label">Cite as:</td> <td class="tablecell arxivid"><span class="arxivid"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.00441">arXiv:2307.00441</a> [cond-mat.str-el]</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> </td> <td class="tablecell arxividv">(or <span class="arxivid"> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.00441v2">arXiv:2307.00441v2</a> [cond-mat.str-el]</span> for this version) </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> </td> <td class="tablecell arxivdoi"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.00441" id="arxiv-doi-link">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.00441</a><div class="button-and-tooltip"> <button class="more-info" aria-describedby="more-info-desc-1"> <svg height="15" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z" class=""></path></svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Focus to learn more</span> </button>  <div role="tooltip" id="more-info-desc-1"> <span class="left-corner"></span> arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite</div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label">Journal reference:</td> <td class="tablecell jref">Physical Review B 109, 104410 (2024)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> <abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">Related DOI</abbr>: </td> <td class="tablecell doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.104410" data-doi="10.1103/PhysRevB.109.104410" class="link-https link-external" rel="external noopener nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.104410</a>  <div class="button-and-tooltip"> <button class="more-info" aria-describedby="more-info-desc-1"> <svg height="15" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 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[2307.00441] Spectral Evidence for Local-Moment Ferromagnetism in van der Waals Metals Fe$_3$GaTe$_2$ and Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$