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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_birthdays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Official birthdays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_birthdays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_through_the_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_through_the_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distribution through the year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_through_the_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leap_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leap_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Leap day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leap_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistical_risk_of_dying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistical_risk_of_dying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Statistical risk of dying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistical_risk_of_dying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>By religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Early centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism_(Mahayana)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism_(Mahayana)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Buddhism (Mahayana)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism_(Mahayana)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Sikhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>By region</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By region subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Persia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Persia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Ancient Persia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Persia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>North Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Birthday</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 92 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verjaarsdag" title="Verjaarsdag – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verjaarsdag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0odd%C3%A2mpeivi" title="Šoddâmpeivi – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Šoddâmpeivi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrdd%C3%A6g" title="Byrddæg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Byrddæg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="عيد ميلاد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عيد ميلاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC_%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܒܝܬ ܝܠܕܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܝܬ ܝܠܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="জন্মদিন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জন্মদিন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumplea%C3%B1os" title="Cumpleaños – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cumpleaños" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fum_g%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Doğum günü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Doğum günü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88" title="آد گونو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آد گونو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="জন্মদিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন্মদিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%E2%81%BF-ji%CC%8Dt" title="Seⁿ-ji̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seⁿ-ji̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Тыуған көн – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тыуған көн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaldawan" title="Kaaldawan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kaaldawan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Рожден ден – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рожден ден" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="འཁྲུངས་སྐར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཁྲུངས་སྐར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C4%91endan" title="Rođendan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rođendan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalici" title="Natalici – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Natalici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narozeniny" title="Narozeniny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Narozeniny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8dselsdag" title="Fødselsdag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fødselsdag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geburtstag" title="Geburtstag – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geburtstag" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCnnip%C3%A4ev" title="Sünnipäev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sünnipäev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B8%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Γενέθλια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γενέθλια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumplea%C3%B1os" title="Cumpleaños – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cumpleaños" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naski%C4%9Dtago" title="Naskiĝtago – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Naskiĝtago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtebetetze" title="Urtebetetze – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urtebetetze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF" title="جشن تولد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جشن تولد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anniversaire" title="Anniversaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anniversaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jierdei" title="Jierdei – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jierdei" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniversario" title="Aniversario – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aniversario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%9D%BC" title="생일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80" title="Ծննդյան օր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծննդյան օր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="जन्मदिन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जन्मदिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C4%91endan" title="Rođendan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rođendan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naskodio" title="Naskodio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Naskodio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulang_tahun" title="Ulang tahun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ulang tahun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annivik" title="Annivik – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Annivik" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afm%C3%A6li" title="Afmæli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Afmæli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compleanno" title="Compleanno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Compleanno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%AA" title="יום הולדת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יום הולדת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambal_warsa" title="Ambal warsa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ambal warsa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8" title="ಜನ್ಮದಿನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜನ್ಮದಿನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%84%DB%81" title="زا دۄہ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زا دۄہ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalis" title="Natalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Natalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzim%C5%A1anas_diena" title="Dzimšanas diena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzimšanas diena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimtadienis" title="Gimtadienis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gimtadienis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anniversari" title="Anniversari – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Anniversari" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%BClet%C3%A9snap" title="Születésnap – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Születésnap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Роденден – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роденден" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പിറന്നാൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിറന്നാൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8" title="वाढदिवस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वाढदिवस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_lahir" title="Hari lahir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hari lahir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Төрсөн өдөр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төрсөн өдөр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siganisucu" title="Siganisucu – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Siganisucu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verjaardag" title="Verjaardag – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verjaardag" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verjaordag" title="Verjaordag – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Verjaordag" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%95%E7%94%9F%E6%97%A5" title="誕生日 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="誕生日" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8dselsdag" title="Fødselsdag – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fødselsdag" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8dselsdag" title="Fødselsdag – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fødselsdag" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anniversari" title="Anniversari – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anniversari" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜਨਮਦਿਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਨਮਦਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DD%A8_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91" title="جمݨ دیہاڑ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جمݨ دیہاڑ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aches" title="Aches – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Aches" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urodziny" title="Urodziny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Urodziny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anivers%C3%A1rio" title="Aniversário – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aniversário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zi_de_na%C8%99tere" title="Zi de naștere – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zi de naștere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wata_hunt%27ay" title="Wata hunt'ay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wata hunt'ay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="День рождения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="День рождения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aso_fanau" title="Aso fanau – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Aso fanau" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dit%C3%ABlindja" title="Ditëlindja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ditëlindja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday" title="Birthday – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Birthday" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodeniny" title="Narodeniny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Narodeniny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojstni_dan" title="Rojstni dan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rojstni dan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyburstag" title="Gyburstag – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gyburstag" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рођендан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рођендан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C4%91endan" title="Rođendan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rođendan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntym%C3%A4p%C3%A4iv%C3%A4" title="Syntymäpäivä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syntymäpäivä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6delsedag" title="Födelsedag – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Födelsedag" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarawan" title="Kaarawan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaarawan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பிறந்தநாள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிறந்தநாள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%81" title="పుట్టిన రోజు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పుట్టిన రోజు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="วันเกิด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วันเกิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B7" title="Зодрӯз – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зодрӯз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fum_g%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Doğum günü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğum günü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="День народження – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="День народження" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4" title="یوم پیدائش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوم پیدائش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngoenzseng" title="Ngoenzseng – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngoenzseng" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anniversary of the birth of a person (or an institution)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Birthday_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Birthday (disambiguation)">Birthday (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:For%C3%AAt-noire_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/For%C3%AAt-noire_-_2.jpg/250px-For%C3%AAt-noire_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/For%C3%AAt-noire_-_2.jpg/375px-For%C3%AAt-noire_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/For%C3%AAt-noire_-_2.jpg/500px-For%C3%AAt-noire_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4147" data-file-height="3190" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Birthday_cake" title="Birthday cake">Birthday cakes</a> are very commonplace in birthday celebrations. Here, a <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Forest cake">Black Forest cake</a> is adorned with <a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">candles</a> and a topper indicating the recipient's 40th birthday.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>birthday</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Anniversary" title="Anniversary">anniversary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Birth" title="Birth">birth</a> of a person, or figuratively of an <a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">institution</a>. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday <a href="/wiki/Gift" title="Gift">gifts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birthday_card" title="Birthday card">birthday cards</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Birthday_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Birthday party">birthday party</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">rite of passage</a>. </p><p>Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders or religious figures with special holidays (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Buddha's Birthday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gurpurb" title="Gurpurb">Gurpurb</a>). </p><p>There is a distinction between birth<i>day</i> and birth<i>date</i> (also known as date of birth): the former, except for <a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">February 29</a>, occurs each year (e.g. January 15), while the latter is the complete date when a person was born (e.g. January 15, 2001). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_conventions">Legal conventions</h2></div> <p>In most legal systems, one becomes a legal adult on a particular birthday when they reach the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a> (usually between 12 and 21), and reaching age-specific milestones confers particular rights and responsibilities. At certain ages, one may become eligible to leave <a href="/wiki/School_leaving_age" class="mw-redirect" title="School leaving age">full-time education</a>, become subject to <a href="/wiki/Military_conscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Military conscription">military conscription</a> or to enlist in the military, to <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">consent to sexual intercourse</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Age_of_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of marriage">marry</a> with <a href="/wiki/Parental_consent" title="Parental consent">parental consent</a>, to marry without parental consent, to <a href="/wiki/Voting_age" title="Voting age">vote</a>, to run for elected office, to legally purchase (or consume) <a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">alcohol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smoking_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking age">tobacco</a> products, to purchase <a href="/wiki/Gaming_law" title="Gaming law">lottery</a> tickets, or to obtain a <a href="/wiki/Legal_driving_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal driving age">driver's licence</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a> is the age when minors cease to legally be considered children and assume control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thereby terminating the legal control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardians over and for them. Most countries set the age of majority at 18, though it varies by jurisdiction. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_year_baby_is_playing_with_birthday_balloons.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/One_year_baby_is_playing_with_birthday_balloons.JPG/220px-One_year_baby_is_playing_with_birthday_balloons.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/One_year_baby_is_playing_with_birthday_balloons.JPG/330px-One_year_baby_is_playing_with_birthday_balloons.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/One_year_baby_is_playing_with_birthday_balloons.JPG/440px-One_year_baby_is_playing_with_birthday_balloons.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2387" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A one-year-old girl playing with her birthday balloons in Bangladesh</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_conventions">Cultural conventions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:90._ro%C4%91endan_-_torta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/90._ro%C4%91endan_-_torta.jpg/170px-90._ro%C4%91endan_-_torta.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/90._ro%C4%91endan_-_torta.jpg/255px-90._ro%C4%91endan_-_torta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/90._ro%C4%91endan_-_torta.jpg/340px-90._ro%C4%91endan_-_torta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A 90th birthday celebration at home</figcaption></figure> <p>Many cultures have one or more <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_age" title="Coming of age">coming of age</a> birthdays: </p> <ul><li>In Canada and the United States, families often mark a girl's 16th birthday with a <a href="/wiki/Sweet_sixteen_(birthday)" title="Sweet sixteen (birthday)">"sweet sixteen"</a> celebration – often represented in popular culture.</li> <li>In some Hispanic countries, as well as Brazil, the <i><a href="/wiki/Quincea%C3%B1era" title="Quinceañera">quinceañera</a></i> (Spanish) or <i><a href="/wiki/Festa_de_quinze_anos" class="mw-redirect" title="Festa de quinze anos">festa de quinze anos</a></i> (Portuguese) celebration traditionally marks a girl's 15th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the Philippines, a coming-of-age party called a <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Debut" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Debut">debut</a> is held for young women on their 18th birthday and young men on their 21st birthday.</li> <li>In some Asian countries that follow the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">zodiac calendar</a>, there is a <a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle#Overview" title="Sexagenary cycle">tradition of celebrating the 60th birthday</a>.</li> <li>In Korea, many celebrate a traditional ceremony of <a href="/wiki/Korean_birthday_celebrations" title="Korean birthday celebrations">Baek-il</a> (Feast for the 100th day) and <a href="/wiki/Doljanchi" title="Doljanchi">Doljanchi</a> (child's first birthday).</li> <li>In Japan, people celebrate a <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_Age_Day" title="Coming of Age Day">Coming of Age Day</a>, for all of those who have turned 18 years of age.</li> <li>In British Commonwealth nations, cards from the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">Royal Family</a> are sent to those celebrating their 100th and 105th birthday and every year thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Ghana, on their birthday, children wake up to a special treat called "oto" which is a patty made from mashed sweet potato and eggs fried in <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a>. Later they have a birthday party where they usually eat stew and rice and a dish known as "kelewele", which is fried <a href="/wiki/Plantain_(cooking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain (cooking)">plantain</a> chunks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Jewish boys have a <a href="/wiki/Bar_mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar mitzvah">bar mitzvah</a> on their 13th birthday. Jewish girls have a <a href="/wiki/Bat_mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat mitzvah">bat mitzvah</a> on their 12th birthday, or sometimes on their 13th birthday in <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> Judaism. This marks the transition where they become obligated in <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">commandments</a> from which they were previously exempted and are counted as part of the <a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The birthdays of historically significant people, such as national heroes or founders, are often commemorated by an official <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holiday</a> marking the anniversary of their birth. </p> <ul><li>Catholic saints are remembered by a liturgical feast on the anniversary of their "birth" into heaven a.k.a. their day of death. The ancient Romans marked the anniversary of a temple dedication or other founding event as a <i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ancient_Roman_religion#dies_natalis" title="Glossary of ancient Roman religion">dies natalis</a></i>, a term still sometimes applied to the anniversary of an institution (such as a university).</li></ul> <p>An individual's Beddian birthday, named in tribute to firefighter Bobby Beddia,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> occurs during the year that their age matches the last two digits of the year they were born.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many cultures and jurisdictions, if a person's real birthday is not known (for example, if they are an orphan), then their birthday may be adopted or assigned to a specific day of the year, such as January 1.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The birthday of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> is celebrated at <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>. Racehorses are reckoned to become one year old in the year following their birth on January 1 in the Northern Hemisphere and August 1 in the Southern Hemisphere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions">Traditions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Child_with_Snow_White_cake_1910-1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Child_with_Snow_White_cake_1910-1940.jpg/220px-Child_with_Snow_White_cake_1910-1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Child_with_Snow_White_cake_1910-1940.jpg/330px-Child_with_Snow_White_cake_1910-1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Child_with_Snow_White_cake_1910-1940.jpg/440px-Child_with_Snow_White_cake_1910-1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Child with Snow White cake, circa 1910–1940.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dol.jpg/220px-Dol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dol.jpg/330px-Dol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dol.jpg/440px-Dol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A Korean child's birthday party at home</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="PseudoSkull_voicemail_2010-09-14_326pm.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:PseudoSkull_voicemail_2010-09-14_326pm.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/PseudoSkull_voicemail_2010-09-14_326pm.wav/PseudoSkull_voicemail_2010-09-14_326pm.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/PseudoSkull_voicemail_2010-09-14_326pm.wav/PseudoSkull_voicemail_2010-09-14_326pm.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/PseudoSkull_voicemail_2010-09-14_326pm.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APseudoSkull_voicemail_2010-09-14_326pm.wav&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption>A voicemail from a child wishing his mother a happy birthday</figcaption></figure> <p>In certain parts of the world, an individual's birthday is celebrated by a party featuring a <a href="/wiki/Birthday_cake" title="Birthday cake">specially made cake</a>. It may be decorated with lettering and the person's age, or studded with the same number of lit <a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">candles</a> as the age of the individual. The celebrated individual may make a silent wish and attempt to blow out the candles in one breath; if successful, superstition holds that the wish will be granted. In many cultures, the wish must be kept secret or it will not "come true". </p><p> Presents are bestowed on the individual by the guests appropriate to their age. Other birthday activities may include entertainment (sometimes by a hired professional, i.e. a clown, magician, or musician), and a special toast or speech by the birthday celebrant. The last stanza of <a href="/wiki/Patty_Hill" title="Patty Hill">Patty Hill</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildred Hill">Mildred Hill</a>'s famous song, "Good Morning to You" (unofficially titled "<a href="/wiki/Happy_Birthday_to_You" title="Happy Birthday to You">Happy Birthday to You</a>") is typically sung by the guests at some point in the proceedings. In some countries, a <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">piñata</a> takes the place of a cake.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Examples of birthday cakes</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birthday_cake_(8973445388)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Birthday cake with lit candles"><img alt="Birthday cake with lit candles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Birthday_cake_%288973445388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/282px-Birthday_cake_%288973445388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Birthday_cake_%288973445388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/424px-Birthday_cake_%288973445388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Birthday_cake_%288973445388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/564px-Birthday_cake_%288973445388%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2775" data-file-height="2214" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Birthday cake with lit candles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birthday_Cake_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Birthday cake with name and age"><img alt="Birthday cake with name and age" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Birthday_Cake_2.jpg/246px-Birthday_Cake_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Birthday_Cake_2.jpg/370px-Birthday_Cake_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Birthday_Cake_2.jpg/493px-Birthday_Cake_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="1525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Birthday cake with name and age</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birthday_cake,_Downpatrick,_April_2010_(01).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Strawberry shortcake with one candle"><img alt="Strawberry shortcake with one candle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Birthday_cake%2C_Downpatrick%2C_April_2010_%2801%29.JPG/150px-Birthday_cake%2C_Downpatrick%2C_April_2010_%2801%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Birthday_cake%2C_Downpatrick%2C_April_2010_%2801%29.JPG/225px-Birthday_cake%2C_Downpatrick%2C_April_2010_%2801%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Birthday_cake%2C_Downpatrick%2C_April_2010_%2801%29.JPG/300px-Birthday_cake%2C_Downpatrick%2C_April_2010_%2801%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Strawberry shortcake with one candle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birthday.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of candles before lighting"><img alt="Close-up of candles before lighting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Birthday.jpg/338px-Birthday.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Birthday.jpg/508px-Birthday.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Birthday.jpg/676px-Birthday.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of candles before lighting</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia_20th_Birthday_Cake3_at_Wikipedia_Conference_Hokitika_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia birthday cake with no candles"><img alt="Wikipedia birthday cake with no candles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wikipedia_20th_Birthday_Cake3_at_Wikipedia_Conference_Hokitika_2021.jpg/300px-Wikipedia_20th_Birthday_Cake3_at_Wikipedia_Conference_Hokitika_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wikipedia_20th_Birthday_Cake3_at_Wikipedia_Conference_Hokitika_2021.jpg/451px-Wikipedia_20th_Birthday_Cake3_at_Wikipedia_Conference_Hokitika_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wikipedia_20th_Birthday_Cake3_at_Wikipedia_Conference_Hokitika_2021.jpg/600px-Wikipedia_20th_Birthday_Cake3_at_Wikipedia_Conference_Hokitika_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wikipedia birthday cake with no candles</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_days">Name days</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a></div> <p>In some historically Roman Catholic and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> countries,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is common to have a '<a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">name day</a>', otherwise known as a 'Saint's day'. It is celebrated in much the same way as a birthday, but it is held on the official day of a saint with the same Christian name as the birthday person; the difference being that one may look up a person's name day in a calendar, or easily remember common name days (for example, <i>John</i> or <i>Mary</i>); however in pious traditions, the two were often made to concur by giving a newborn the name of a saint celebrated on its day of <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a>, more seldom one's birthday. Some are given the name of the religious feast of their christening's day or birthday, for example, <i>Noel</i> or <i>Pascal</i> (French for Christmas and "of Easter"); as another example, <a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Togliatti</a> was given <i>Palmiro</i> as his first name because he was born on <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_birthdays">Official birthdays</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg/170px-Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg/255px-Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg/340px-Coloured_lanterns_at_the_Lotus_Lantern_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Colored lanterns at the Lotus Lantern Festival in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, celebrating the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>'s birthday</figcaption></figure> <p>Some notables, particularly monarchs, have an <i>official birthday</i> on a fixed day of the year, which may not necessarily match the day of their birth, but on which celebrations are held. Examples are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>'s traditional birthday is celebrated as <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a> around the world, on December 24 or 25, respectively. As some <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a> churches use the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, December 25 will fall on January 7 in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>. These dates are traditional and have no connection with the actual birthday date of Jesus, which is not recorded in the Gospels.</li> <li>Similarly, the birthdays of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> are liturgically celebrated on <a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> and <a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> traditions (although for those Eastern Orthodox churches using the Julian calendar the corresponding Gregorian dates are <a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> and <a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> respectively). As with Christmas, the dates of these celebrations are traditional and probably have no connection with the actual birthdays of these individuals.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday" title="King's Official Birthday">King's Official Birthday</a> or Queen's Official Birthday in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke%27s_Official_Birthday" title="Grand Duke's Official Birthday">Grand Duke's Official Birthday</a> in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> is typically celebrated on June 23. This is different from <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">the monarch</a>'s actual date of birth, which is on April 16.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koninginnedag" class="mw-redirect" title="Koninginnedag">Koninginnedag</a></i> in the Kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> was typically celebrated on April 30. Queen Beatrix fixed it at the birthday of her mother, the previous queen, to avoid the winter weather associated with her own birthday in January. The present monarch's birthday is 27 April, and is also celebrated on that day and has replaced the 30th of April celebration of Koninginnedag.</li> <li>The previous Japanese Emperor Showa (<a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a>)'s birthday was April 29. After his death, the holiday was kept as "Showa no Hi", or "Showa Day". This holiday falls close to <a href="/wiki/Golden_Week_(Japan)" title="Golden Week (Japan)">Golden Week</a>, the week in late April and early May.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a>'s birthdays are celebrated in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> as national holidays called the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Sun" title="Day of the Sun">Day of the Sun</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Shining_Star" title="Day of the Shining Star">Day of the Shining Star</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Birthday" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington's Birthday">Washington's Birthday</a>, commonly referred to as Presidents' Day, is a <a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">federal holiday</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that celebrates the birthday of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>. President Washington's birthday is observed on the third Monday of February each year. However, his actual birth date was either February 11 (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">Old Style</a>), or February 22 (<a href="/wiki/New_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="New Style">New Style</a>).</li> <li>In India, every year October 2 which marks the Birthday of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, is declared as a holiday. All the liquor shops are closed across the country in honour of Gandhi not consuming liquor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a> is a federal holiday in the United States marking the birthday of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> It is observed on the third Monday of January each year, which is around the time of King's birthday, January 15.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a> is the official birthday of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> and is celebrated on the 12th or 17th day of <a href="/wiki/Rabi%27_al-awwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi' al-awwal">Rabi' al-awwal</a> by adherents of Sunni and Shia Islam respectively. These are the two most commonly accepted dates of birth of Muhammad.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_through_the_year">Distribution through the year</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Most_common_birthdays.svg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Most_common_birthdays.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Most_common_birthdays.svg/170px-Most_common_birthdays.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Most_common_birthdays.svg/255px-Most_common_birthdays.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Most_common_birthdays.svg/340px-Most_common_birthdays.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Most_common_birthdays.svg">Interactive heat map</a> of the birth ratio of each day of the year to the annual average in the US (top) and in England and Wales (bottom). Numbers over 1 (shown in red) indicate more births than average were recorded for that day.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarta_de_cumplea%C3%B1os_(RPS_10-09-2014)_18_a%C3%B1os.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tarta_de_cumplea%C3%B1os_%28RPS_10-09-2014%29_18_a%C3%B1os.png/220px-Tarta_de_cumplea%C3%B1os_%28RPS_10-09-2014%29_18_a%C3%B1os.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tarta_de_cumplea%C3%B1os_%28RPS_10-09-2014%29_18_a%C3%B1os.png/330px-Tarta_de_cumplea%C3%B1os_%28RPS_10-09-2014%29_18_a%C3%B1os.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tarta_de_cumplea%C3%B1os_%28RPS_10-09-2014%29_18_a%C3%B1os.png/440px-Tarta_de_cumplea%C3%B1os_%28RPS_10-09-2014%29_18_a%C3%B1os.png 2x" data-file-width="2603" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption>A birthday cake for an 18th birthday</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chocolate_Birthday_Cake_with_ice_Cream.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chocolate_Birthday_Cake_with_ice_Cream.jpg/170px-Chocolate_Birthday_Cake_with_ice_Cream.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chocolate_Birthday_Cake_with_ice_Cream.jpg/255px-Chocolate_Birthday_Cake_with_ice_Cream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chocolate_Birthday_Cake_with_ice_Cream.jpg/340px-Chocolate_Birthday_Cake_with_ice_Cream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Some restaurants place a birthday candle on the dessert of a birthday customer's choice</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_young_child_preparing_to_extinguish_the_candle_of_his_first_birthday_-_1983-11-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/A_young_child_preparing_to_extinguish_the_candle_of_his_first_birthday_-_1983-11-30.jpg/170px-A_young_child_preparing_to_extinguish_the_candle_of_his_first_birthday_-_1983-11-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/A_young_child_preparing_to_extinguish_the_candle_of_his_first_birthday_-_1983-11-30.jpg/255px-A_young_child_preparing_to_extinguish_the_candle_of_his_first_birthday_-_1983-11-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/A_young_child_preparing_to_extinguish_the_candle_of_his_first_birthday_-_1983-11-30.jpg/340px-A_young_child_preparing_to_extinguish_the_candle_of_his_first_birthday_-_1983-11-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4776" data-file-height="7048" /></a><figcaption>A young child preparing to extinguish the candle of his first birthday – 1983</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and New Zealand and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birthday&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Birthday" title="Talk:Birthday">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Birthdays are fairly evenly distributed through the year, with some seasonal effects.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, there tend to be more births in September and October.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may be because there is a <a href="/wiki/Holiday_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Holiday season">holiday season</a> nine months before (the human <a href="/wiki/Gestation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestation period">gestation period</a> is about nine months), or because the longest nights of the year also occur in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> nine months before. However, it appears the holidays have more of an effect on birth rates than the winter: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, a Southern Hemisphere country, has the same September and October peak with no corresponding peak in March and April.<sup id="cite_ref-StatsNZ_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsNZ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The least common birthdays tend to fall around public holidays, such as <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> and fixed-date holidays such as <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">July 4</a> in the US. </p><p>In the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29, because of leap years).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, October 5 and 6 were reported as the most frequently occurring birthdays.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In New Zealand, the most common birthday is September 29, and the least common birthday is December 25. The ten most common birthdays all fall within a thirteen-day period, between September 22 and October 4. The ten least common birthdays (other than February 29) are December 24–27, January 1–2, <a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Day" title="Waitangi Day">February 6</a>, March 22, April 1 and <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Day" title="Anzac Day">April 25</a>. This is based on all live births registered in New Zealand between 1980 and 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-StatsNZ_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsNZ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Positive and negative associations with culturally significant dates may influence birth rates. The study shows a 5.3% decrease in spontaneous births and a 16.9% decrease in Caesarean births on <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>, compared to dates occurring within one week before and one week after the October holiday. In contrast, on Valentine's Day there is a 3.6% increase in spontaneous births and a 12.1% increase in Caesarean births.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>In Sweden 9.3% of the population is born in March and 7.3% in November when a uniform distribution would give 8.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leap_day">Leap day</h2></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> (a common <a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">solar calendar</a>), <a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap year</a> has 29 days instead of the usual 28, so the year lasts 366 days instead of the usual 365. </p><p>A person born on <a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">February 29</a> may be called a "<a href="/wiki/Leapling" class="mw-redirect" title="Leapling">leapling</a>" or a "leaper".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In common years, they usually celebrate their birthdays on February 28. In some situations, March 1 is used as the birthday in a non-leap year since it is the day following February 28. </p><p>Technically, a leapling will have fewer <i>birthday anniversaries</i> than their age in years. This phenomenon is exploited when a person claims to be only a quarter of their actual age, by counting their leap-year birthday anniversaries only. In <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>'s 1879 <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pirates_of_Penzance" title="The Pirates of Penzance">The Pirates of Penzance</a></i>, Frederic the pirate apprentice discovers that he is bound to serve the pirates until his 21st <i>birthday</i> rather than until his 21st <i>year.</i> For legal purposes, legal birthdays depend on how local laws count time intervals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistical_risk_of_dying">Statistical risk of dying</h2></div> <p>Some studies show people are more likely to die on their birthdays, with explanations including excessive drinking, suicide, cardiovascular events due to high stress or happiness, efforts to postpone death for major social events, and death certificate paperwork errors.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_religion">By religion</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbis</a> are divided about celebrating this custom, although it is accepted by the majority of the faithful. In the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> the only mention that is made of the birthday, refers to the celebration of Pharaoh's birthday in Egypt, as recorded in Genesis (Parashat Vaieshev) 40:20.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_centuries">Early centuries</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> in his commentary "On Levites" wrote that Christians should not only refrain from celebrating their birthdays, but should look on them with disgust as a <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> custom.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_days" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint's days">Saint's days</a> were typically celebrated on the <a href="/wiki/Death_anniversary" title="Death anniversary">anniversary</a> of their <a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrdom in Christianity">martyrdom</a> or death, considered the occasion of or preparation for their entrance into <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> or the <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medieval">Medieval</h4></div> <p>Ordinary folk celebrated their saint's day (the saint they were named after), but nobility celebrated the anniversary of their birth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The "Squire's Tale", one of Chaucer's <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury Tales">Canterbury Tales</a>, opens as King Cambuskan proclaims a feast to celebrate his birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern">Modern</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, i.e. the three main branches of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, as well as almost all Christian religious denominations, consider celebrating birthdays acceptable or at most a choice of the individual. An exception are <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, who do not celebrate them for various reasons: in their interpretation this feast has pagan origins, was not celebrated by early Christians, is negatively expounded in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Scriptures">Holy Scriptures</a> and has customs linked to <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">magic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3></div> <p>The birthday does not reflect Islamic tradition, and because of this, the majority of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> refrain from celebrating it. Others do not object, as long as it is not accompanied by behavior contrary to Islamic tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A good portion of Muslims (and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a>) who have emigrated to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> celebrate birthdays as customary especially for children, while some abstain.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also much controversy regarding the permissibility of celebrating <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a>, (the anniversary of the birth of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>), as some Muslims judge the custom as an unacceptable practice according to Islamic tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism_(Mahayana)"><span id="Buddhism_.28Mahayana.29"></span>Buddhism (Mahayana)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_birthday" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha's birthday">Buddha's birthday</a></div> <p>Many monasteries celebrate the anniversary of Buddha's birth, usually in a highly formal, ritualized manner. They treat Buddha's statue as if it was Buddha himself, as if he were alive; bathing, and "feeding" him.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3></div> <p>Hindus celebrate the birth anniversary day every year when the day that corresponds to the lunar month or solar month (Sun Signs Nirayana System – Sourava Mana Masa) of birth and has the same asterism (Star/Nakshatra) as that of the date of birth. That age is reckoned whenever Janma <a href="/wiki/Nakshatra" title="Nakshatra">Nakshatra</a> of the same month passes. </p><p>Hindus regard death to be more auspicious than birth, since the person is liberated from the bondages of material society. Also, traditionally, rituals & prayers for the departed are observed on 5th and 11th day with many relatives gathering. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h3></div> <p>Sikhs celebrate the anniversary of the birth of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak%27s_Birthday" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Nanak's Birthday">Guru Nanak</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus">Sikh Gurus</a> which is known as <a href="/wiki/Gurpurb" title="Gurpurb">Gurpurb</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_region">By region</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Persia">Ancient Persia</h3></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> (5th century BC), of all the days in the year, the one which the <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a> celebrate most is their birthday. It was customary to have the board furnished on that day with an ampler supply than common: the richer people eat wholly baked cow, horse, camel, or donkey (Greek: <span lang="el">ὄνον</span>), while the poorer classes use instead the smaller kinds of cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Rome">Ancient Rome</h3></div> <p>The Romans enthusiastically celebrated birthdays with hedonistic parties and generous presents.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Zhuazhou" title="Zhuazhou">Chinese first birthday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">East Asian age reckoning</a></div> <p>The Chinese word for "year(s) old" <span class="nowrap">(<small><a href="/wiki/Traditional_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional characters">t</a></small> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:歲">歲</a></span></span>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><small><a href="/wiki/Simplified_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">s</a></small> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B2%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:岁">岁</a></span></span>,</span> <i>suì</i>) is entirely different from the usual word for "year(s)" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:年">年</a></span></span>, <i>nián</i>), reflecting the former importance of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a> and the belief that one's <a href="/wiki/Fate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fate">fate</a> was bound to the <a href="/wiki/Tai_Sui" title="Tai Sui">stars imagined to be in opposition</a> to the planet <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (planet)">Jupiter</a> at the time of one's birth. The importance of <a href="/wiki/Jovian_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovian cycle">this duodecennial orbital cycle</a> only survives in popular culture as the 12 animals of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a>, which change each <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> and may be used as a theme for some gifts or decorations. Because of the importance attached to the influence of these stars in ancient China and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">East Asian age reckoning</a> previously began with one at birth and then added years at each Chinese New Year, so that it formed a record of the <i>suì</i> one had lived through rather than of the exact amount of time from one's birth. This method—which can differ by as much as two years of age from other systems—is increasingly uncommon and is not used for official purposes in the <a href="/wiki/PRC" class="mw-redirect" title="PRC">PRC</a> or on <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, although the word <i>suì</i> is still used for describing age. </p><p>Traditionally, Chinese birthdays—when celebrated—were reckoned using the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_lunisolar_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese lunisolar calendar">lunisolar calendar</a>, which varies from the Gregorian calendar by as much as a month forward or backward depending on the year. Celebrating the lunisolar birthday remains common on <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> while growing increasingly uncommon on the mainland. Birthday traditions reflected the culture's deep-seated focus on <a href="/wiki/Chinese_alchemy" title="Chinese alchemy">longevity</a> and wordplay. From the homophony in <a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of Chinese">some dialects</a> between <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%85%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:酒">酒</a></span></span> ("<a href="/wiki/Chinese_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese alcohol">rice wine</a>") and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:久">久</a></span></span> (meaning "long" in the sense of time passing), <a href="/wiki/Osmanthus_wine" title="Osmanthus wine">osmanthus</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">rice wines</a> are traditional gifts for birthdays in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. <a href="/wiki/Longevity_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Longevity noodles">Longevity noodles</a> are another traditional food consumed on the day,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although western-style birthday cakes are increasingly common among urban Chinese. <a href="/wiki/Hongbao" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongbao">Hongbaos</a>—red envelopes stuffed with money, now especially the <a href="/wiki/Red_in_Chinese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Red in Chinese culture">red</a> <a href="/wiki/100_RMB_note" class="mw-redirect" title="100 RMB note">100 RMB notes</a>—are the usual gift from relatives and close family friends for most children. Gifts for adults on their birthday are much less common, although the birthday for each decade is a larger occasion that might prompt a large dinner and celebration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3></div> <p>The Japanese reckoned their birthdays by the Chinese system until the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji Reforms">Meiji Reforms</a>. Celebrations remained uncommon or muted until after the <a href="/wiki/American_occupation_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="American occupation of Japan">American occupation</a> that followed <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Children's birthday parties are the most important, typically celebrated with a cake, candles, and singing. Adults often just celebrate with their partner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korea">North Korea</h3></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Sun" title="Day of the Sun">Day of the Sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>'s birthday, is the most important public holiday of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a>'s birthday is celebrated as the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Shining_Star" title="Day of the Shining Star">Day of the Shining Star</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Koreans are not permitted to celebrate birthdays on July 8 and December 17 because these were the dates of the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Kim_Il_Sung" title="Death and state funeral of Kim Il Sung">deaths of Kim Il Sung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Kim_Jong_Il" title="Death and state funeral of Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a>, respectively. More than 100,000 North Koreans celebrate displaced birthdays on July 9 and December 18 instead to avoid these dates. A person born on July 8 before 1994 may change their birthday, with official recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Korean_birthday_celebrations" title="Korean birthday celebrations">Korean birthday celebrations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doljanchi" title="Doljanchi">Korean first birthday celebration</a></div> <p>South Korea was one of the last countries to use a form of <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">East Asian age reckoning</a> for many official purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to June 2023, three systems were used together—"Korean ages" that start with 1 at birth and increase every <a href="/wiki/January_1st" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1st">January 1st</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a>, "year ages" that start with 0 at birth and otherwise increase the same way, and "actual ages" that start with 0 at birth and increase each birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Doljanchi" title="Doljanchi">First birthday celebrations</a> were heavily celebrated, despite usually having little to do with the child's age. In June 2023, all Korean ages were set back at least one year and official ages henceforth are reckoned only by birthdays.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li>Various birthdays are mentioned on the pages devoted to each day of the year, from <a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> to <a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a>, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year" title="List of days of the year">List of days of the year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birthday_songs" title="List of birthday songs">List of birthday songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthday_problem" title="Birthday problem">Birthday problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthday_attack" title="Birthday attack">Birthday attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-birthday" title="Half-birthday">Half-birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_anniversary" title="Death anniversary">Death anniversary</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit">Yahrzeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unbirthday" title="Unbirthday">Unbirthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashtiabdhapoorthi" title="Sashtiabdhapoorthi">Sashtiabdhapoorthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthstones" class="mw-redirect" title="Birthstones">Birthstones</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art40429.asp">Quinceañeras – Hispanic Culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070725/http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art40429.asp">Archived</a> 2018-01-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved on 2013-01-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181204000113">"Kim Jong-un's birthday remains unmarked in 2019 calendars"</a>. <i>The Korean Herald</i>. Yonhap. 4 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222034136/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181204000113">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Korean+Herald&rft.atitle=Kim+Jong-un%27s+birthday+remains+unmarked+in+2019+calendars&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaherald.com%2Fview.php%3Fud%3D20181204000113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Ron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panix.com/~murphy/bday.html">"An Analysis of the Distribution of Birthdays in a Calendar Year"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010526234141/http://www.panix.com/~murphy/bday.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2001-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Analysis+of+the+Distribution+of+Birthdays+in+a+Calendar+Year&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panix.com%2F~murphy%2Fbday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Mathers, C D; R S Harris (1983). "Seasonal Distribution of Births in Australia". <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>. <b>12</b> (3): 326–331. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2F12.3.326">10.1093/ije/12.3.326</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6629621">6629621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Distribution+of+Births+in+Australia&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=326-331&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fije%2F12.3.326&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6629621&rft.aulast=Mathers&rft.aufirst=C+D&rft.au=R+S+Harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091020224353/http://www.anybirthday.com/">"Anybirthday.com Birthdate Search"</a>. American Automated Systems. Archived from the original on 20 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anybirthday.com+Birthdate+Search&rft.pub=American+Automated+Systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anybirthday.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatsNZ-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StatsNZ_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StatsNZ_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/most-common-birthday-in-new-zealand">"Most common birthday in New Zealand"</a>. Statistics New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002102308/https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/most-common-birthday-in-new-zealand">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+common+birthday+in+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Ftools%2Fmost-common-birthday-in-new-zealand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/business/20leonhardt-table.html">"How Common Is Your Birthday?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 2006-12-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212045728/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/business/20leonhardt-table.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Common+Is+Your+Birthday%3F&rft.date=2006-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F12%2F19%2Fbusiness%2F20leonhardt-table.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christina Ng (2011-10-05) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2011/10/oct-5-americas-most-common-birthday/">Oct. 5: America’s Most Common Birthday</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726235823/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2011/10/oct-5-americas-most-common-birthday/">Archived</a> 2020-07-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood, Michael. (2011-10-10) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publichealth.yale.edu/news/archive/article.aspx?id=1325">Halloween, Valentine’s Day Found to Influence Birth Timing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609140920/http://publichealth.yale.edu/news/archive/article.aspx?id=1325">Archived</a> 2013-06-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Publichealth.yale.edu. Retrieved on 2013-01-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scb.se/statistik/BE/BE0101/2006A01a/BE0101_2006A01a_SM_BE12SM0701.pdf">"Swedish statistics board"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024440/https://www.scb.se/statistik/BE/BE0101/2006A01a/BE0101_2006A01a_SM_BE12SM0701.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swedish+statistics+board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scb.se%2Fstatistik%2FBE%2FBE0101%2F2006A01a%2FBE0101_2006A01a_SM_BE12SM0701.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2008" class="citation cs2">Hall, C. (February 29, 2008), "Leap Year Babies Hop Through Hoops of Joy, Pain of Novelty Birthday", <i>Detroit Free Press</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Leap+Year+Babies+Hop+Through+Hoops+of+Joy%2C+Pain+of+Novelty+Birthday&rft.btitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.date=2008-02-29&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2021" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, DB (August 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grunge.com/585665/heres-why-youre-likely-to-die-on-your-birthday/">"Here's Why You're Likely To Die On Your Birthday"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Here%27s+Why+You%27re+Likely+To+Die+On+Your+Birthday&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=DB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grunge.com%2F585665%2Fheres-why-youre-likely-to-die-on-your-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebovits" class="citation journal cs1">Lebovits, Dovid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/halacha/Vol9Issue11.pdf">"Happy Birthday"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Halachically Speaking</i>. <b>9</b> (11): 1–11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220609052424/https://www.shemayisrael.com/parsha/halacha/Vol9Issue11.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Halachically+Speaking&rft.atitle=Happy+Birthday&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1-11&rft.aulast=Lebovits&rft.aufirst=Dovid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shemayisrael.com%2Fparsha%2Fhalacha%2FVol9Issue11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Bugge (1975). <a href="/wiki/Early_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christians">Early Christians</a>,” notes The World Book Encyclopedia, “considered the celebration of anyone’s birth to be a pagan custom.” The ancient Greeks, for instance, believed that each person had a protective spirit that attended the person’s birth and thereafter watched over him. That spirit “had a mystic relation with the god on whose birthday the individual was born,” says the book The Lore of Birthdays. Birthdays also have a long-standing and an intimate link with astrology and the horoscope.11 Besides rejecting birthday customs on account of pagan and spiritistic roots, God’s servants of old likely rejected them on principle as well. Why? These were humble, modest men and women who did not view their arrival in the world as so important that it should be celebrated. (Micah 6:8; Luke 9:48) Rather, they glorified Jehovah and thanked him for the precious gift of life.—Psalm 8:3, 4; 36:9; Revelation 4:11. <i>Virginitas: an essay in the history of a medieval ideal</i>, Springer <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9024716950" title="Special:BookSources/9024716950">9024716950</a>, p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret Hallissy (1995) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VSvLJ8tWKyQC"><i>A Companion to Chaucer's Canterbury Tales</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230906143140/https://books.google.com/books?id=VSvLJ8tWKyQC">Archived</a> 2023-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Greenwood Publishing Group <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313291896" title="Special:BookSources/0313291896">0313291896</a>, p. 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/faq/birthdays/">"Why Don't Jehovah's Witnesses Celebrate Birthdays? | FAQ"</a>. <i>JW.ORG</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505081600/https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/faq/birthdays/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JW.ORG&rft.atitle=Why+Don%27t+Jehovah%27s+Witnesses+Celebrate+Birthdays%3F+%7C+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jw.org%2Fen%2Fjehovahs-witnesses%2Ffaq%2Fbirthdays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.islamtoday.net/node/618">Birthday parties | IslamToday – English</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120628071409/http://en.islamtoday.net/node/618">Archived</a> 2012-06-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. En.islamtoday.net. Retrieved on 2013-01-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouhail_Karam2008" class="citation news cs1">Souhail Karam (2008-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403051912/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-saudi-birthdays-religion-idUKLL60146720080821">"Birthday parties against Islam says top Saudi cleric"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-saudi-birthdays-religion-idUKLL60146720080821">the original</a> on 2016-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Birthday+parties+against+Islam+says+top+Saudi+cleric&rft.date=2008-08-31&rft.au=Souhail+Karam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-saudi-birthdays-religion-idUKLL60146720080821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaragallahSchummWebb1997" class="citation journal cs1">Faragallah, Mona H.; Schumm, Walter R.; Webb, Farrell J. (Autumn 1997). Dr. George Kurian (ed.). "Acculturation of Arab-American Immigrants: An Exploratory Study". <i>Journal of Comparative Family Studies</i>. <b>28</b> (3): 182–203. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41603515">41603515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Family+Studies&rft.atitle=Acculturation+of+Arab-American+Immigrants%3A+An+Exploratory+Study&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=182-203&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41603515%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Faragallah&rft.aufirst=Mona+H.&rft.au=Schumm%2C+Walter+R.&rft.au=Webb%2C+Farrell+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImam_Jalaluddin_al-Suyuti_(radi_Allahu_anhu)" class="citation web cs1">Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti (radi Allahu anhu). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804184407/http://www.nooremadinah.net/Documents/YaMohammad/CelebratingEid-e-Milad-un-Nabi/CelebratingEid-e-Milad-un-Nabi.pdf">"Celebrating Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nooremadinah.net/Documents/YaMohammad/CelebratingEid-e-Milad-un-Nabi/CelebratingEid-e-Milad-un-Nabi.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi&rft.au=Imam+Jalaluddin+al-Suyuti+%28radi+Allahu+anhu%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nooremadinah.net%2FDocuments%2FYaMohammad%2FCelebratingEid-e-Milad-un-Nabi%2FCelebratingEid-e-Milad-un-Nabi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah J. Horton (2007) <i>Living Buddhist statues in early medieval and modern Japan</i>, Palgrave Macmillan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1403964203" title="Special:BookSources/1403964203">1403964203</a> p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFelectricpulp.com" class="citation web cs1">electricpulp.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/herodotus-iii">"Herodotus iii. Defining the Persians"</a>. <i>www.iranicaonline.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129214830/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/herodotus-iii">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=Herodotus+iii.+Defining+the+Persians&rft.au=electricpulp.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fherodotus-iii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151129043206/http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/herodotus-persians.asp">"Internet History Sourcebooks"</a>. <i>legacy.fordham.edu</i>. 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Asiapac Books (Singapore). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9812293841" title="Special:BookSources/9812293841">9812293841</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLeod2013" class="citation web cs1">MacLeod, Calum (26 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/04/15/north-korea-defectors/2085161/">"Korean defectors recall 'Day of the Sun'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Korean+defectors+recall+%27Day+of+the+Sun%27&rft.date=2013-04-26&rft.aulast=MacLeod&rft.aufirst=Calum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2013%2F04%2F15%2Fnorth-korea-defectors%2F2085161%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville2015" class="citation web cs1">Neville, Tim (15 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/15/travel/gallery/kim-jong-il-birthday-travel/">"Happy birthday? North Korea celebrates Kim Jong Il's legacy"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312190059/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/15/travel/gallery/kim-jong-il-birthday-travel/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Happy+birthday%3F+North+Korea+celebrates+Kim+Jong+Il%27s+legacy&rft.date=2015-02-15&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2015%2F02%2F15%2Ftravel%2Fgallery%2Fkim-jong-il-birthday-travel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ju Seongha (2011-12-30) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.donga.com/3/all/20111230/42964030/1">北 김정은 시대 北 12월 17일生 사라진다.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612233125/http://news.donga.com/3/all/20111230/42964030/1">Archived</a> 2018-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> news.donga.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly_NgYuna_Ku" class="citation news cs1">Kelly Ng; Yuna Ku. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66028606">"South Koreans become younger under new age-counting law"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230728225232/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66028606">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=South+Koreans+become+younger+under+new+age-counting+law&rft.au=Kelly+Ng&rft.au=Yuna+Ku&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-66028606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/no-en/brd/m_21237/view.do?seq=33">"The Unique Age Counting System of Korea 상세보기|Citizen JournalistsEmbassy of the Republic of Korea to Norway"</a>. <i>overseas.mofa.go.kr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116114059/https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/no-en/brd/m_21237/view.do?seq=33">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=overseas.mofa.go.kr&rft.atitle=The+Unique+Age+Counting+System+of+Korea+%EC%83%81%EC%84%B8%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%7CCitizen+JournalistsEmbassy+of+the+Republic+of+Korea+to+Norway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foverseas.mofa.go.kr%2Fno-en%2Fbrd%2Fm_21237%2Fview.do%3Fseq%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2022" class="citation cs2">Kim, Min Joo (8 December 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/08/south-korea-age-system-year/">"South Koreans to Become Year Younger after Scrapping Traditional Age System"</a>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, Seattle: Nash Holdings, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325154258/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/08/south-korea-age-system-year/">archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=South+Koreans+to+Become+Year+Younger+after+Scrapping+Traditional+Age+System&rft.btitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=Nash+Holdings&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Min+Joo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F12%2F08%2Fsouth-korea-age-system-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirthday" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples include Italy, Spain, France, parts of Germany, Poland, Russia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Greece, Lithuania, Latvia, and throughout Latin America.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style 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style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Birthday</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Birthday" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Birthday">Birthday</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P569" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P569">date of birth (P569)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP569%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P569%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140727075845/http://populationaction.org/Articles/Whats_Your_Number/seeandsave.php?date=-14346000000">What's your number?</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Population_Action_International" title="Population Action International">Population Action International</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-15391515">What's your number?</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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