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Ne creusez pas n'importe où | Le CERN et ses voisins
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field--label-hidden field--item"><h2> Ne creusez pas n'importe où </h2> </div> </h1> <div class="basic-node-full-content-image"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-03/forages%20%281%29.png" width="800" height="300" alt="A partial map of the area" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </div> </div> <div class="basic-node-full-content-body clearfix full-html-markup full-text-animation"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p>Avec l’essor des énergies renouvelables, le chauffage géothermique connaît une popularité grandissante. Un engouement salué par le CERN, fervent supporter du développement durable, bien que non sans risque pour le Laboratoire.</p> <p>En Suisse comme en France, le chauffage géothermique séduit de plus en plus de monde. Corollaire immédiat : l’augmentation constante du nombre de forages pour sondes géothermiques. D’une profondeur moyenne de 100 m, ces forages ne sont pas sans conséquences pour les infrastructures souterraines du CERN, lesquelles, justement, se trouvent environ 100 m sous terre...</p> <p>Dans le canton de Genève, tout forage – quelle que soit sa profondeur – est soumis à autorisation de construire : après consultation du <a href="https://www.ge.ch/organisation/ocev-service-geologie-sols-dechets">Service de géologie de l'État de Genève</a> (GESDEC), une autorisation est délivrée, ou pas. En France, seuls les forages d’une profondeur supérieure à 100 m nécessitent une autorisation de construire. En-deçà de cette limite, une simple Déclaration d'intention de commencement de travaux (<a href="http://vosdroits.service-public.fr/professionnels-entreprises/R17295.xhtml" target="_blank">DICT</a>) et une notification à la Direction régionale de l'environnement, de l'aménagement et du logement (<a href="http://www.rhone-alpes.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/" target="_blank">DREAL)</a> sont requises. En théorie. Car en pratique, 80 % des forages ne sont en fait jamais déclarés.</p> <p><strong>Des forages « sauvages » menaçants</strong><br> « Les forages géothermiques non déclarés représentent un vrai risque pour nos ouvrages souterrains, souligne Youri Robert, en charge de l'Information géographique (SMB/SE-DOP). Et si le danger le plus évident est celui d’une perforation pure et simple de nos installations, un forage à quelques mètres de celles-ci serait tout aussi lourd de conséquences. Les vibrations peuvent en effet perturber les équipements très sensibles dont sont composés nos accélérateurs. »Or, comment être sûr que le LHC ne passe pas sous nos pieds, quand il passe sous ceux de nos voisins ? D’autant qu’à cette erreur de localisation en surface s'ajoute le fait qu'un forage « vertical » de 100 m peut présenter jusqu’à 30 m de déviation en profondeur !</p> <p>Fracturation des roches, mise en communication de poches d’eau, percolation d’eau ou de boue… les forages peuvent aussi provoquer des bouleversements géologiques compromettants pour les tunnels. « Nous avons fait appel à des laboratoires universitaires et à des bureaux d'études spécialisés en géotechnique pour évaluer avec précision les dangers, directs ou indirects, liés aux forages, indique Michael Poehler, responsable de la section Bureau d'études - Génie civil (SMB/SE-DOP). Nous avons ainsi pu établir des limites raisonnables autour de nos ouvrages souterrains : interdiction formelle de forer jusqu’à 50 m de part et d’autre des tunnels, et forage sur autorisation de 50 à 100 mètres. »</p> <p><strong>Le dessous des cartes</strong><br> En collaboration avec la Communauté de communes du Pays de Gex et le GESDEC, une carte des zones d’interdiction de forages a finalement été établie.</p> <p><a href="/sites/voisins.web.cern.ch/files/Dangers_forages_CERN_GESDEC_CCPG_v3_light%20(4).pdf"><img alt="map" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="9d795e0d-feb0-4e46-aab9-3ddb8d96f695" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/forages_0.png" style="width:50%" width="800" height="551" loading="lazy"></a></p> <p><a href="/sites/voisins.web.cern.ch/files/Dangers_forages_CERN_GESDEC_CCPG_v3_light%20(4).pdf">Cliquez sur l'image ci-dessus pour voir la carte complète</a></p> <p>Y figurent également les zones de protection des nappes phréatiques, elles aussi soumises à interdiction. Diffusée auprès des communes du Pays de Gex, de la DREAL, du BRGM (Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières), des autorités genevoises et des foreurs de la région, cette carte devrait permettre d’éviter tout incident.</p> <p>Quant à l’éventuelle exploration du gaz de schiste dans la région, elle devrait s’accompagner de problèmes à une toute autre échelle. Pour anticiper cette question, des études viennent d'ailleurs d'être lancées. Elles permettront de déterminer les impacts possibles des techniques de fracturation hydraulique, et de définir les distances de protection à respecter. Affaire à suivre.</p> <hr> <p><em>Pour de plus amples informations sur les zones d’interdiction de forages, et pour télécharger les cartes d’interdiction par commune, rendez-vous sur <a href="http://www.auvergne-rhone-alpes.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/declarations-de-sondage-dans-le-contexte-a10477.html" target="_blank">le site web de la DREAL de Rhône-Alpes</a>.</em></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="basic-node-center-component"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="row cern-footer"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-3 col-lg-3 footer-first-col"> <div class="region region-footercolumn1"> <section id="block-followusblock" class="block block-block-content block-block-content39d10b16-84bd-42f7-927a-cec823caa801 clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Suivre le CERN</h2> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><span style="font-size:36px;"><span style="font-family: CERNIcons, CernIcons, cern-icons;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/cern/">v</a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/cern/">J</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/cern_fr">W</a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/cern/">M</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/CERNTV">1</a></span></span></p> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8 col-lg-8 footer-second-col"> <div class="row"> <!-- CONTACT US --> <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-0"> <div class="region region-footercolumn2"> <section id="block-contactus-2" class="block block-block-content block-block-content79672cc5-dcb4-437d-888b-ae17373d96a4 clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Nous contacter</h2> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p>Communication locale CERN<br> C28100<br> CH-1211 Genève 23<br> Suisse</p> <p><u><a href="mailto:voisins@cern.ch">E-mail</a></u></p> </div> </section> </div> </div> <!-- general info --> <div class="col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-1 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4"> <div class=" mb-4"> <div class="region region-footercolumn3"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-cernandyou-2-menu" id="block-cernandyou-2"> <h2 id="block-cernandyou-2-menu">Visiter le CERN</h2> <ul class="menu nav"> <li> <a href="http://visit.cern/fr/exhibitions">Expositions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://passeport-big-bang.web.cern.ch/fr">Passeport Big Bang</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://visit.cern/fr/guided-tours">Visites guidées</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sciencegateway.cern/fr">Portail de la science</a> </li> </ul> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <!-- cern and you --> <div class="col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-0"> <div class=" mb-4"> <div class="region region-footercolumn4"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-generalinfo-menu" id="block-generalinfo"> <h2 id="block-generalinfo-menu">Le CERN & vous</h2> <ul class="menu nav"> <li> <a href="https://careers.cern/">Emplois</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://home.cern/fr/about/what-we-do/our-educational-programmes">Programmes éducatifs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cernandsocietyfoundation.cern/fr">Faire un don</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://home.cern/fr/partnerships">Partenariats</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://procurement.web.cern.ch/">Travailler avec le CERN</a> </li> </ul> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-1 col-sm-1 col-md-1 col-lg-1 footer-last-logo"> <a href="https://home.cern/" title="CERN" target="_blank"><img src="/sites/default/themes/cern/logo.svg" alt="CERN"/></a> </div> </div> <div class="copy-wrapper light"> <a href="https://copyright.web.cern.ch/"> Copyright </a> © 2025 CERN</div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"fr\/","currentPath":"node\/116","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"fr"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxljltuxDAIRTfkhCVZ2KYZOo5Bhoya3dd5dDRSPyzu4chXJBE376igovKiHtJ74yLVWUOm3mKhVzRH3wwOngZPF1--ChZuyynvfImjJWGHTzhNQiNYqiSso2mvfz9yJWz_xJMKu_SIOUsvLA3eaf7q0pxaCVkKWWNVcvjI84OXRx3Pvy3Qj4_GJ5S-Kdb5xrCiyypwjWC7Oa1wnBg2joru4zI7FpxjYdOK-3zSdNMvWHCCHA","theme":"cernclean","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"matomo":{"disableCookies":false,"trackMailto":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"0","extLabel":"(le lien est externe)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"Ce lien vous dirige vers un site externe. 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