CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913491c16d19fd29',cH: 'quuGGdAmmE8FcTmHOCdHxx9PuE2hiMzEFtsH3NVmOLI-1739782640-1.2.1.1-qj.bSxJUr7q8WnDeeWXk1JdkRaMNudaKYcMmd4qjEl9fgbkwd5kK8ILhJZRr9Nyc',cUPMDTk: "\/9997194\/json?__cf_chl_tk=WJsAPY1irY_4pKFdAZASqUePEBo8Zw9OfKxfSUVliyM-1739782640-1.0.1.1-YC.LuuK9Q1RUSF0sVafRJg0wBJfff7kAsfc53hYGgz8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782640',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9997194\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=WJsAPY1irY_4pKFdAZASqUePEBo8Zw9OfKxfSUVliyM-1739782640-1.0.1.1-YC.LuuK9Q1RUSF0sVafRJg0wBJfff7kAsfc53hYGgz8",md: "vHWPUkw55DBR_gHgLWij17N7rzn4eGeShrvdEUgNdxQ-1739782640-1.2.1.1-Oxl2O7p4xlJTHB4AfI91k6iV4y2wLQ4A23KbVV2QTSXR9ZXBG18.H6tECCoT6kBUGrNuc3UIqg9DykGwEPQDnSt10i7sDfAzwA.KDhJpiyv9UlMWcMluK73hxawby.7HOO2el5uEhmZP.68bGp9kyZQ12zQe3z9qE_KREKJm9Sb57C5D2cOobMOePTCP78Uloy_Lir5_x4Jq1Q1kWgGsQXHoJdfkRwWpaKZuGkA6mFlNgdc537XqBhdmnCEIwsEvZytDgdbA87zLJw_4BFxkHaWEEewaAdRI.rE9tA5wIkARgHZnZW4kdwx4dP3UZGXDDl5TDOi2pqE0Nl9sWkqgc.CgzHA9Om6W5gOamln_FMMVicC0sz8ozWvN9Id3Aje3rz1iO_z7n9iDKTB0HrvCI8wLg1oqi_WuUPFNiBKxJ1f7F.Nj0jZr.d5Mk0tLMeblyYFXD5o3prSQe.eQb8MIbn.wnOjzg5rUBJB4x70gnCBv7yPhzk7VsQGzwY1_39M05kdJDM357cAv0WpvoWUnNli3ubi1HMdprAR_eMgyw22kQWO_ddcqyR2GaWTgPV4NWYk58sbSwMySo6nqXyIYA_Ba0IGOkD0cM2ntbVKnJHEFbZM5XrIRRxKJw3hXN66JdtlO2MaSZm1j6Dt68WQZkuE0g5jeCtJA_BQY.9UxWRJjfwgXm1olJiVmfoYYrlz1cY8J3PiPPXFKfM1hbgEfqWVhfiFWlI_kqWypfIfZ54iNQYX7yleLyOex6HpQMKL9H7cjRvCR4_4BfYRORjH1XeAh3VHwvqeLEYvRGHqPN2aVffhDrSeWyessHvbaspitUXQWMeoUzCLHy5woOvX4KPZF5bbM_ZmIQPuObalF80guJEnMUAOUDFkyZz4F9MfB07VgVccVD9Pc9UeSwoZVlKHpEC0JqJBVuusHly18BBvbnl5jbcE0oSn6kEbeV6mS_r.kYzrdInEOzTsF11zQ81PU_ZBklnLCPcGVx6HiHscabKvkG225ti7Ta8polN.EKOCfvbOr0oV7j5TJkbJm5YMOSs09FdFYCCqJykc02W1g6mxSleVYPxKY5h46e9E4BoJsJFzO5bIpJrhrdPXRRKXH5GCw5c472yNsHNRXvVKbe.JxSiNUi5qFbXPVJUZpMysh6z2.iqCs6uWZiCf396_6YEHFe3tPSmtkkVF4hSJtwVqNzTx6hoMhAf8oA0EPcdRSMcFm3qtlDZwRu2TZC752wF0EVtHqmxk2zCUltx4y8wUuHUcrxXsInhjC7BED1sW4osGmLZf.f5Kt7NgadnqfqqIvIErI2stMUEcXx3Gkv2hInK6GSuP3ZO8XpdTkWCJ7RgGk_tD.8cmS_nx1WhvGxlYRyTsvNPu_5E4xVqTNgCp.U4Ruu06YZ5YIlxLhDeMMwuFxBDR9aK8nUbCKStQqYbch8p4jaUUp43rTU67efRliHiBpmojJidq0cQKRtKiK8sMLfkAZNE98A1FKguEqTMLMv3Ax7sL.qrjEr0FYE2vfhChxzwM_C7WcrQ6IzDMclaW3k8rlFPH3hCN3.rKoir4zUUcq4w32ozx2YirMNpwmnkcyO3dzoFEudiHkCFMNCGBRdk4KYAuTD.Kb8BTqbUo8psCTQSManRUBEKFBFyXtfSnMsS0wF62X1S1tzLIQvw95JRkRvgd3b4TSX9elyBsVHUkKkQudn9I6KLOVipHptnQvkn67JibBDoKgSk_ofUc0NV3QwO6cx1MhiPHoFGA8y_rrpqDcrLaoT5di5v4CFU91fkGIXLikc_j3B84fuLATb.wo.DpZw5dcrLel.r76txXY1IG2FYJLPaIPRwyGPL7A0t8L2.sgo9x2bzPUkDlK2fXQKoBe_dK0SQmC7u1IrH.h5ezw52qjP2Q",mdrd: "J_0LzEQAHB7nO7ujeJ9WGTyfHEwqApDyWf9EYq1.qZQ-1739782640-1.2.1.1-5lGy_nzS65HSWJPFBiAM.reFSZM2KMwYB1Woz_NEyEjlCOeJcjWJhHCMS12TNektYrCF.udE5Djeaei.hyXuolvSQPUMNSnui8CqT8gku4WHslRJtYmRqm1DgnnR4vsl_hMmJGQYYWt8b_yf0MHmWVmLiRblBN0RGLhhbZUv0Pk.Nt4jccAv5a7mwywxMe4pNGJugb.d0WGj8s63.7xPPMROg1S5tFfePi97OXn84MairSR8tkcPse9_ylj8x1smZgWhfYoKNiF9SydNs_JFiaylJuEr1XJ9yGEkh_n7_PC5GsuHRy3UhVhm5flL.AoJLjmMCfbCGLlhNwLRl0GOfLe.hXl4mnw6ZVyiwKFasqAFIxO3AhoMG54kSsCdUVb28YVUqCZqlwMgE6x0lUGlLvpCkLNAFWVB52KWyBdjxz2Mk2vnCvo2iSuaAj5x2BlpO_cK_133Urh8UmIxeVpxxnV9psFtvMLo14bR.LwP.W1QvKkytYQx8c41rgpNb4Vg7gbzc5sWcldFsTO_l_Cgzw3xaMmK_ACsK2tpwQkyWCRt2Gm29IzbNsCVmStedgZpK8DpkygUraaeH_R.p17aWmoZSIh60ILhtZT4XL4WLgEZBI2C1K7y70MJOwRTkteLrLSHX20_X135hBytJ9tZMA_hS55v4lZLmA7sHpjg.7pXCHx7KCbboJzQVjj6.yY9Bl6FhnZE9zad9i4lFFBPuDUN.84jcWKXGYFny65LcasZPjg7MA9iF0PaHA17NBc_9cr_ZCYL_DsxryWau10UAOVOtxtKlrLxWiVTNa83kvk2eLDv6W9kKTLkCQdHkob4dHnEQzsRbv6otMCU4bX1xESilA0HrwyGlu4vVLnOWQFOwYFLm_W4062MpyLgujoPWflnl3fH092AalFWeHPtUgt8NFKNiTn2bDquaYbb.Gq2sk96nUiKAOA.rD_p0X5qpXjPy916pBxYO.z7W1MR6zL6ql6W4OnDoUHqzh._QSDuS1EbxSEHHqRAghLekkypRWHnmf3Ag9YiYqX.5UxQXEJmna8KW8x28HSHxv_SRHz.ljjCenEJlrh8rI8kWa6gkyUVmeCz6tQuCCX3sSNGzogdeQ2d3paJCHX0FPTRrFFZaFLh2ozu9buUOWfET2VE6l0.T.GCg9TySkRTVswEV3EbL.M_ElhOeSaDltmcSr2NLMnE7SSDQdd_qIPMokCVzxl_TrFjidoveVa9PInJ0WanieEIy.qejDAbDzYtVoSj4y2.3J3DS3TgdUuSkn2fFZLcwgGuUUsTJm1rRymC4s6ejNu4oFzEqoMGxoDhfEBXy1ExK2bj_IdDTKRAD26n.1UeoDiEYpsKI9RN_1qnRhZtY185WehD7B4yBSMv7olw94IzGTGLB7vCxdupk6ryohXHcXaqok2UJr4pfTHwwKFF8q7k8FMbO4XtDmvQZYtlUYDnRos5mOidMWuz_dLfBNaE3Y6b0qfmN7Cj6uxQnkMBw1hz3WurXcMOPOk0qzQOp.hDaFbOjGzehbbxH9vyt1lAzZuvfpaYnZS_nSPnCmrRsmber7r8acOhVYK87tiLQFgGkMwcsHjWF4oS7Isvn1ntFhmeACCTCfEB0QBKyEKMHguyYYwQecKw892n.EuZs5SujODhNDSfrFPBzKRpFQJJHzhTBzYNyysxXzECUWWWX9AfmN3ThXS3j6aTDVLsksBrxtlxJDx36vedcdN1G_0U9lARL_8g5hA9wN2p.QewYMnrRAUVUwbts0WY4CiWyTIO6vwQwYrItgtgluvPEMjJgSh_Wlq3sm2c8nE4m8PH26DmHEWEw5EbDiWylq1ghfINmjLsi0nD5J1sktUp9xmNHFlKy671CIdOBlOOM40H0M4gBLeYqpk_WHadYOGM2MC2QfsHVYRnB0juo5vV5R_sbzfXUasGOVrKV_AgUdBtag5G82Rgsm24SykM6rxnBvJf6GfdEKbBPfnwBwOxhBi6QnCysiWoMkWd50Q2tQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913491c16d19fd29';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9997194\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WJsAPY1irY_4pKFdAZASqUePEBo8Zw9OfKxfSUVliyM-1739782640-1.0.1.1-YC.LuuK9Q1RUSF0sVafRJg0wBJfff7kAsfc53hYGgz8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>