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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>[2404.09920] Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv.css?v=20241206" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv-print.css?v=20200611" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/browse_search.css" /> <script language="javascript" src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/accordion.js" /></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.09920"/> <meta name="description" content="Abstract page for arXiv paper 2404.09920: Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande"><meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="arXiv.org" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.09920v3" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="700" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="arXiv logo"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Preceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande, both located in the Kamioka mine in Japan, have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector was developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M$_{\odot}$ star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance."/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@arxiv"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Preceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them,..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static.arxiv.org/icons/twitter/arxiv-logo-twitter-square.png"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="arXiv logo"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/tooltip.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="https://static.arxiv.org/js/bibex-dev/bibex.css?20200709"/> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/mathjaxToggle.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/js-cookie@2/src/js.cookie.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/dompurify@2.3.5/dist/purify.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/toggle-labs.js?20241022" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/cite.js" type="text/javascript"></script><meta name="citation_title" content="Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande" /><meta name="citation_author" content="KamLAND" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Collaborations, Super-Kamiokande" /><meta name="citation_author" content=":" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Abe, Seisho" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Eizuka, Minori" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Futagi, Sawako" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Gando, Azusa" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Gando, Yoshihito" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Goto, Shun" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Hachiya, Takahiko" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Hata, Kazumi" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ichimura, Koichi" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ieki, Sei" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ikeda, Haruo" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Inoue, Kunio" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ishidoshiro, Koji" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kamei, Yuto" /><meta 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Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande, both located in the Kamioka mine in Japan, have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector was developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M$_{\odot}$ star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance." /> </head> <body class="with-cu-identity"> <div class="flex-wrap-footer"> <header> <a href="#content" class="is-sr-only">Skip to main content</a>  <div class="columns is-vcentered is-hidden-mobile" id="cu-identity"> <div class="column" id="cu-logo"> <a href="https://www.cornell.edu/"><img src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/cu/cornell-reduced-white-SMALL.svg" alt="Cornell University" /></a> </div><div class="column" id="support-ack"> <span id="support-ack-url">We gratefully acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation, <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/ourmembers.html">member institutions</a>, and all contributors.</span> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/donate.html" class="btn-header-donate">Donate</a> </div> </div> <div id="header" class="is-hidden-mobile"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/IgnoreMe"></a> <div class="header-breadcrumbs 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class="descriptor">Authors:</span><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=KamLAND" rel="nofollow">KamLAND</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Super-Kamiokande+Collaboration" rel="nofollow">Super-Kamiokande Collaborations</a>: <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Abe,+S" rel="nofollow">Seisho Abe</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Eizuka,+M" rel="nofollow">Minori Eizuka</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Futagi,+S" rel="nofollow">Sawako Futagi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Gando,+A" rel="nofollow">Azusa Gando</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Gando,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yoshihito Gando</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Goto,+S" rel="nofollow">Shun Goto</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hachiya,+T" rel="nofollow">Takahiko Hachiya</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hata,+K" rel="nofollow">Kazumi Hata</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ichimura,+K" rel="nofollow">Koichi Ichimura</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ieki,+S" rel="nofollow">Sei Ieki</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ikeda,+H" rel="nofollow">Haruo Ikeda</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Inoue,+K" rel="nofollow">Kunio Inoue</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ishidoshiro,+K" rel="nofollow">Koji Ishidoshiro</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kamei,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yuto Kamei</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kawada,+N" rel="nofollow">Nanami Kawada</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kishimoto,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yasuhiro Kishimoto</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Koga,+M" rel="nofollow">Masayuki Koga</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kurasawa,+M" rel="nofollow">Maho Kurasawa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Mitsui,+T" rel="nofollow">Tadao Mitsui</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Miyake,+H" rel="nofollow">Haruhiko Miyake</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Morita,+D" rel="nofollow">Daisuke Morita</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Nakahata,+T" rel="nofollow">Takeshi Nakahata</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Nakajima,+R" rel="nofollow">Rika Nakajima</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Nakamura,+K" rel="nofollow">Kengo Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Nakamura,+R" rel="nofollow">Rikuo Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Nakamura,+R" rel="nofollow">Ryo Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Nakane,+J" rel="nofollow">Jun Nakane</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ozaki,+H" rel="nofollow">Hideyoshi Ozaki</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Saito,+K" rel="nofollow">Keita Saito</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Sakai,+T" rel="nofollow">Taichi Sakai</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Shimizu,+I" rel="nofollow">Itaru Shimizu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Shirai,+J" rel="nofollow">Junpei Shirai</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Shiraishi,+K" rel="nofollow">Kensuke Shiraishi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Shoji,+R" rel="nofollow">Ryunosuke Shoji</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Suzuki,+A" rel="nofollow">Atsuto Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Takeuchi,+A" rel="nofollow">Atsuto Takeuchi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Tamae,+K" rel="nofollow">Kyoko Tamae</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Watanabe,+H" rel="nofollow">Hiroko Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Watanabe,+K" rel="nofollow">Kazuho Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Yoshida,+S" rel="nofollow">Sei Yoshida</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Umehara,+S" rel="nofollow">Saori Umehara</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Fushimi,+K" rel="nofollow">Ken-Ichi Fushimi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kotera,+K" rel="nofollow">Kenta Kotera</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Urano,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yusuke Urano</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Berger,+B+E" rel="nofollow">Bruce E. Berger</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Fujikawa,+B+K" rel="nofollow">Brian K. Fujikawa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Larned,+J+G" rel="nofollow">John G. Larned</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Maricic,+J" rel="nofollow">Jelena Maricic</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Fu,+Z" rel="nofollow">Zhenghao Fu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Smolsky,+J" rel="nofollow">Joseph Smolsky</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Winslow,+L+A" rel="nofollow">Lindley A. Winslow</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Efremenko,+Y" rel="nofollow">Yuri Efremenko</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Karwowski,+H+J" rel="nofollow">Hugon J. 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Sobel</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Takhistov,+V" rel="nofollow">Volodymyr Takhistov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Yankelevich,+A" rel="nofollow">Alejandro Yankelevich</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hill,+J" rel="nofollow">James Hill</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Jang,+M" rel="nofollow">MinCheol Jang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Lee,+S" rel="nofollow">Seonghak Lee</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Moon,+D" rel="nofollow">DongHo Moon</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Park,+R" rel="nofollow">RyeongGyoon Park</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bodur,+B" rel="nofollow">Baran Bodur</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Scholberg,+K" rel="nofollow">Kate Scholberg</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Walter,+C+W" rel="nofollow">Chris W. 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Boyd</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Edwards,+R" rel="nofollow">Rory Edwards</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hadley,+D" rel="nofollow">David Hadley</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Nicholson,+M" rel="nofollow">Matthew Nicholson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=O'Flaherty,+M" rel="nofollow">Marcus O'Flaherty</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Richards,+B" rel="nofollow">Benjamin Richards</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ali,+A" rel="nofollow">Ajmi Ali</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Jamieson,+B" rel="nofollow">Blair Jamieson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Amanai,+S" rel="nofollow">Shogo Amanai</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Marti-Magro,+L" rel="nofollow">Lluis Marti-Magro</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Minamino,+A" rel="nofollow">Akihiro Minamino</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Shibayama,+R" rel="nofollow">Ryo Shibayama</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Suzuki,+S" rel="nofollow">Serina Suzuki</a> </div> <a href="javascript:toggleAuthorList('long-author-list','et al. (214 additional authors not shown)');" title="Show Entire Author List" id="toggle"> et al. (214 additional authors not shown)</a> <noscript> You must enable JavaScript to view entire author list.</noscript></div> <div id="download-button-info" hidden>View a PDF of the paper titled Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande, by KamLAND and 312 other authors</div> <a class="mobile-submission-download" href="/pdf/2404.09920">View PDF</a> <a class="mobile-submission-download" href="https://arxiv.org/html/2404.09920v3">HTML (experimental)</a> <blockquote class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="descriptor">Abstract:</span>Preceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande, both located in the Kamioka mine in Japan, have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector was developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M$_{\odot}$ star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance. </blockquote>  <div class="metatable"> <table summary="Additional metadata"> <tr> <td class="tablecell label">Comments:</td> <td class="tablecell comments mathjax">Resubmitted to ApJ. 22 pages, 16 figures, for more information about the combined pre-supernova alert system, see <a href="https://www.lowbg.org/presnalarm/" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-https">this https URL</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label">Subjects:</td> <td class="tablecell subjects"> <span class="primary-subject">High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)</span>; High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)</td> </tr><tr> <td class="tablecell label">Cite as:</td> <td class="tablecell arxivid"><span class="arxivid"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.09920">arXiv:2404.09920</a> [hep-ex]</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> </td> <td class="tablecell arxividv">(or <span class="arxivid"> <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.09920v3">arXiv:2404.09920v3</a> [hep-ex]</span> for this version) </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tablecell label"> </td> <td class="tablecell arxivdoi"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.09920" id="arxiv-doi-link">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.09920</a><div class="button-and-tooltip"> <button class="more-info" aria-describedby="more-info-desc-1"> <svg height="15" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 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