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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s <b>Global Volcanism Program</b> (<b>GVP</b>) documents Earth's <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanoes</a> and their eruptive history during the <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> Period of Earth's geologic history, with particular emphasis on volcanic activity during the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> Epoch (the last 11,700 years). The mission of the GVP is to document, understand, and disseminate information about global volcanic activity. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rinjani_1994_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rinjani_1994_cropped.jpg/300px-Rinjani_1994_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Rinjani_1994_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="440"></a><figcaption>1995 eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rinjani" title="Mount Rinjani">Mount Rinjani</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Global_Volcanism_Program_Database"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Global Volcanism Program Database</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Global_Volcanism_Program_Database">Global Volcanism Program Database</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Volcanism_Program&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Global Volcanism Program Database" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The GVP gathers information and reports on current eruptions from around the world, and maintains a database repository on active volcanoes, their eruptions and their eruption histories. In this way, a global context for the planet's active <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanism</a> is presented. Smithsonian reporting on current volcanic activity dates back to 1968, with the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Short-Lived_Phenomena" title="Center for Short-Lived Phenomena">Center for Short-Lived Phenomena</a> (CSLP). The GVP is housed in the Department of Mineral Sciences, part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> </p><p>During the early stages of an eruption, the GVP acts as a clearing house of reports, data, and imagery which are accumulated from a global network of contributors. The early flow of information is managed such that the right people are contacted as well as helping to sort out vague and contradictory aspects that typically arise during the early days of an eruption. </p><p>The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Volcano_Hazards_Program" title="Volcano Hazards Program">Volcano Hazards Program</a>. Notices of volcanic activity posted on the report website are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. Detailed reports on various volcanoes are published monthly in the <i>Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GVP also documents the last 10,000 years of Earth's volcanism. The GVP database includes all known volcanoes that have erupted within the past 10,000 years, and includes listings of eruption dates, and eruptive phenomena; and lists of named volcanoes and volcanic features, with synonyms where they exist. In recent years, the database has been extended to include links to digital imagery, and physical samples that are archived in the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> Collections. The historic activity can guide perspectives on possible future events and on volcanoes showing activity. GVP's volcano and eruption databases constitute a foundation for all statistical statements concerning locations, frequencies, and magnitudes of Earth's volcanic eruptions during the last 10,000 years. </p><p>Three print editions of <a href="/wiki/Volcanoes_of_the_World" title="Volcanoes of the World">Volcanoes of the World</a> were published based on the GVP data in 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1994<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third and fourth editions were regularly updated at the Program's website. As of August 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_Volcanism_Program&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the fifth edition is available at the GVP website. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Volcanism_Program&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style 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title="Portal:Volcanoes">Volcanoes portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prediction_of_volcanic_activity" title="Prediction of volcanic activity">Prediction of volcanic activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_explosivity_index" title="Volcanic explosivity index">Volcanic explosivity index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_Number" title="Volcano Number">Volcano Number</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Volcanism_Program&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm">"Global Volcanism Program – Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report"</a>. <i>volcano.si.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volcano.si.edu&rft.atitle=Global+Volcanism+Program+%E2%80%93+Smithsonian+%2F+USGS+Weekly+Volcanic+Activity+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volcano.si.edu%2Freports_weekly.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlobal+Volcanism+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm">"Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Volcanism+Program%2C+National+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volcano.si.edu%2Freports_weekly.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlobal+Volcanism+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimkin,_TomSmithsonian_Institution1981" class="citation cs2">Simkin, Tom; Smithsonian Institution (1981), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/volcanoesofworld0000unse"><i>Volcanoes of the world : a regional directory, gazetteer, and chronology of volcanism during the past recent 10,000 years</i></a></span>, Hutchinson Ross Pub. Co. ; [New York] : Distributed world wide by Academic Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87933-408-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87933-408-6"><bdi>978-0-87933-408-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volcanoes+of+the+world+%3A+a+regional+directory%2C+gazetteer%2C+and+chronology+of+volcanism+during+the+past+recent+10%2C000+years&rft.pub=Hutchinson+Ross+Pub.+Co.+%3B+%5BNew+York%5D+%3A+Distributed+world+wide+by+Academic+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-87933-408-6&rft.au=Simkin%2C+Tom&rft.au=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvolcanoesofworld0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlobal+Volcanism+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimkin,_TomSiebert,_LeeSmithsonian_Institution1994" class="citation cs2">Simkin, Tom; Siebert, Lee; Smithsonian Institution (1994), <i>Volcanoes of the world : a regional directory, gazetteer, and chronology of volcanism during the past recent 10,000 years</i> (2nd ed.), Geoscience Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-945005-12-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-945005-12-4"><bdi>978-0-945005-12-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volcanoes+of+the+world+%3A+a+regional+directory%2C+gazetteer%2C+and+chronology+of+volcanism+during+the+past+recent+10%2C000+years&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Geoscience+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-945005-12-4&rft.au=Simkin%2C+Tom&rft.au=Siebert%2C+Lee&rft.au=Smithsonian+Institution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlobal+Volcanism+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiebert,_LeeSimkin,_TomKimberly,_Paul2010" class="citation cs2">Siebert, Lee; Simkin, Tom; Kimberly, Paul (2010), <i>Volcanoes of the world</i> (3rd ed.), University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-26877-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-26877-7"><bdi>978-0-520-26877-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volcanoes+of+the+world&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-520-26877-7&rft.au=Siebert%2C+Lee&rft.au=Simkin%2C+Tom&rft.au=Kimberly%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlobal+Volcanism+Program" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Volcanism_Program&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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data-title="برنامج البراكين العالمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Volcanism_Program" title="Global Volcanism Program – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Global Volcanism Program" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_de_Vulcanismo_Global" title="Programa de Vulcanismo Global – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Programa de Vulcanismo Global" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a 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