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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clark_(Informatiker)" title="James Clark (Informatiker) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Clark (Informatiker)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clark" title="James Clark – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Clark" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clark_(informatique)" title="James Clark (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Clark (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clark" title="James Clark – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="James Clark" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_(%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="جيمس كلارك (مبرمج من المملكه المتحده) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس كلارك (مبرمج من المملكه المتحده)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF_(%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%80%85)" title="ジェームズ・クラーク (ソフトウェア技術者) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・クラーク (ソフトウェア技術者)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Джеймс Кларк (програміст) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Кларк (програміст)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clark_(XML_expert)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="James Clark (XML expert)">James Clark (XML expert)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the entrepreneur and computer scientist born in 1944, see <a href="/wiki/James_H._Clark" title="James H. Clark">James H. Clark</a>. For other people named James Clark, see <a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="James Clark (disambiguation)">James Clark</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this article by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22James+Clark%22+programmer">"James Clark" programmer</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22James+Clark%22+programmer+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22James+Clark%22+programmer&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22James+Clark%22+programmer+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22James+Clark%22+programmer">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22James+Clark%22+programmer&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">James Clark</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Jackson Clark</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1964-02-23</span>) </span>23 February 1964<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 60)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_School" title="Charterhouse School">Charterhouse School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> (BA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groff_(software)" title="Groff (software)">groff</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Expat_(library)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expat (library)">Expat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">DSSSL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Language_description_for_XML" title="Regular Language description for XML">TREX</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">RELAX NG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_(programming_language)" title="Ballerina (programming language)">Ballerina</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Joy Chanpen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sainsbury" title="Robert Sainsbury">Robert Sainsbury</a> (maternal grandfather)</li><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sainsbury,_Baron_Sainsbury_of_Turville" title="David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville">David Sainsbury</a> (maternal uncle)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sainsbury_family" title="Sainsbury family">Sainsbury family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">XML Cup (2001)<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data">Thai Open Source Software Center <br />SIPA<br /><a href="/wiki/WSO2" title="WSO2">WSO2</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jclark.com/">www<wbr />.jclark<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92660#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Clark</b> (born <time datetime="1964-02-23">23 February 1964</time>) is a software engineer and creator of various <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a> including <a href="/wiki/Groff_(software)" title="Groff (software)">groff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expat_(library)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expat (library)">expat</a> and several <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-twitter_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twitter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_life">Education and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clark_(programmer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clark was born in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and educated at <a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_School" title="Charterhouse School">Charterhouse School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton College, Oxford</a> where he studied <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clark_(programmer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clark has lived in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> since <time>1995</time>, and is permanent Thai resident. He owns a company called Thai Open Source Software Center, which provides him a legal framework for his open-source activities. Clark is the author and creator of <a href="/wiki/Groff_(software)" title="Groff (software)">groff</a>, as well as an XML editing mode for <a href="/wiki/GNU_Emacs" title="GNU Emacs">GNU Emacs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_on_XML">Work on XML</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clark_(programmer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Work on XML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clark served as technical lead of the <a href="/wiki/Working_group" title="Working group">working group</a> that developed XML—notably contributing the self-closing, <a href="/wiki/XML#Key_terminology" title="XML">empty element</a> tag syntax, and the name XML. His contributions to XML are cited in dozens of books on the subject.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Clark is the author or co-author of a number of influential specifications and implementations, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSSSL" class="mw-redirect" title="DSSSL">DSSSL</a>: An <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a> transformation and styling language.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expat_(library)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expat (library)">Expat</a>: An open-source XML <a href="/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">parser</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a>: XSL Transformations, a part of the XSL family. He was the editor of the XSLT 1.0 specification.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a>: Path language for addressing XML documents; used by XSLT but also as a free-standing language. He was the editor of the XPath 1.0 specification.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Language_description_for_XML" title="Regular Language description for XML">TREX</a>: Tree <a href="/wiki/Regular_Expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Expression">regular experessions</a> for XML (TREX) is a schema language for <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TREX has been merged with <a href="/wiki/Regular_Language_description_for_XML" title="Regular Language description for XML">RELAX</a> to create <a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">RELAX NG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones2002_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cover2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cover2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">RELAX NG</a>: an XML Schema language, with both an explicit XML syntax and a compact syntax. Clark was critical of the <a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">XML Schema (W3C)</a> language (also known as XSD)<sup id="cite_ref-schema-wars_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schema-wars-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and developed RELAX NG in response</li> <li>Jing: An implementation of RELAX NG.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Clark Notation: A way to express an XML Name in a compact way<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_(programming_language)" title="Ballerina (programming language)">Ballerina</a>: Ballerina is an open source general-purpose programming language for application programmers.</li></ul> <p>Clark is listed as a member of the working group that developed the <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> <a href="/wiki/Stream_processing" title="Stream processing">Stream processing</a> API for XML (<a href="/wiki/StAX" title="StAX">StAX</a>) JSR 173 at the JCP.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software_Industry_Promotion_Agency_(SIPA)"><span id="Software_Industry_Promotion_Agency_.28SIPA.29"></span>Software Industry Promotion Agency (SIPA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clark_(programmer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Software Industry Promotion Agency (SIPA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <time datetime="2004-11">November 2004</time> until late <time>2006</time>, Clark worked for Thailand's Software Industry Promotion Agency (SIPA), to promote <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> technologies and <a href="/wiki/Open_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Open standards">open standards</a> in the country. This work included pushing the Thai <a href="/wiki/Software_localization" class="mw-redirect" title="Software localization">localization</a> of <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a> office suite and the <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a> web browser, along with other open source software packages. </p><p>Other projects at SIPA include: </p> <ul><li>Chantra: An <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> Thai project with programs for Windows, like the <a href="/wiki/OpenCD" title="OpenCD">OpenCD</a> project.</li> <li>Suriyan GNU/Linux: A user-friendly "instant server" system for small and medium-sized companies<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not to be confused with SIPA's new, unrelated project with a similar name, Suriyan Linux Live CD.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clark_(programmer)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClark2020" class="citation web cs1">Clark, James (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724032845/http://www.jclark.com/bio.htm">"James Clark Biography"</a>. <i>jclark.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jclark.com/bio.htm">the original</a> on 24 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jclark.com&rft.atitle=James+Clark+Biography&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclark.com%2Fbio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2020" class="citation web cs1">Anon (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wso2.com/about/board/">"WSO2 Team"</a>. <i>wso2.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wso2.com&rft.atitle=WSO2+Team&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwso2.com%2Fabout%2Fboard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2020" class="citation web cs1">Clark, James (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.jclark.com/">"James Clark's Random Thoughts"</a>. <i>blog.jclark.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.jclark.com&rft.atitle=James+Clark%27s+Random+Thoughts&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.jclark.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2001" class="citation interview cs1">Clark, James (1 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drdobbs.com/a-triumph-of-simplicity-james-clark-on-m/184404686">"A Triumph of Simplicity: James Clark on Markup Languages and XML"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a></i> (Interview). Interviewed by Kim, Eugene Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020224025029/http://www.ddj.com/documents/s=862/ddj0107e/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Dobb%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Triumph+of+Simplicity%3A+James+Clark+on+Markup+Languages+and+XML&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drdobbs.com%2Fa-triumph-of-simplicity-james-clark-on-m%2F184404686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twitter-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twitter_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/james_clark">James Clark</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92660#P2002" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones2002_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones2002_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesDrakeDrake2002" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Christopher A.; Drake, Fred L.; Drake, Fred L. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xml.coverpages.org&rft.atitle=Tree+Regular+Expressions+for+XML+%28TREX%29&rft.aulast=Cover&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxml.coverpages.org%2Ftrex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schema-wars-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schema-wars_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190304043049/http://webreference.com/xml/column59/index-2.html">"Schema Wars: XML Schema vs. RELAX NG"</a>. <i>webreference.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webreference.com/xml/column59/index-2.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webreference.com&rft.atitle=Schema+Wars%3A+XML+Schema+vs.+RELAX+NG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebreference.com%2Fxml%2Fcolumn59%2Findex-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://relaxng.org/jclark/jing.html">"Jing"</a>. <i>relaxng.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=relaxng.org&rft.atitle=Jing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frelaxng.org%2Fjclark%2Fjing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark" class="citation web cs1">Clark, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jclark.com/xml/xmlns.htm">"XML Namespaces"</a>. <i>jclark.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jclark.com&rft.atitle=XML+Namespaces&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclark.com%2Fxml%2Fxmlns.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=173">"The Java Community Process(SM) Program - JSRs: Java Specification Requests - detail JSR# 173"</a>. <i>jcp.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jcp.org&rft.atitle=The+Java+Community+Process%28SM%29+Program+-+JSRs%3A+Java+Specification+Requests+-+detail+JSR%23+173&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjcp.org%2Fen%2Fjsr%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suriyan.org/">"Default OaO Sedo Frameset"</a>. <i>suriyan.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=suriyan.org&rft.atitle=Default+OaO+Sedo+Frameset&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suriyan.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Clark+%28programmer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080211194451/http://suriyan.in.th/">"Suriyan Linux Live CD"</a>. 11 February 2008. 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