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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Annetused</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Toitained" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Toitained" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Toitainete_liigitus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toitainete_liigitus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Toitainete liigitus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toitainete_liigitus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tasakaalustatud_toitumine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tasakaalustatud_toitumine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tasakaalustatud toitumine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tasakaalustatud_toitumine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nälgus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nälgus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nälgus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nälgus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toitainete_allikad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toitainete_allikad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Toitainete allikad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toitainete_allikad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Toitained</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 64 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voedingstof" title="Voedingstof – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voedingstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B0%D9%8A" title="مغذي – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مغذي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95" title="পুষ্টিকাৰক – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পুষ্টিকাৰক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biogen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrien" title="Nutrien – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nutrien" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrien" title="Nutrien – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nutrien" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrijent" title="Nutrijent – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nutrijent" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хранителни вещества – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хранителни вещества" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nutrient" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivina" title="Živina – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Živina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6ringsstof_(f%C3%B8demiddel)" title="Næringsstof (fødemiddel) – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Næringsstof (fødemiddel)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4hrstoff" title="Nährstoff – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nährstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%87%DE%AE%DE%81%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="މާމިން އޮށްޓަރު – maldiivi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މާމިން އޮށްޓަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldiivi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%83%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Θρεπτικά συστατικά – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θρεπτικά συστατικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nutrient" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrimento" title="Nutrimento – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nutrimento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutra%C4%B5o" title="Nutraĵo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nutraĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantenugai" title="Mantenugai – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mantenugai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B0%DB%8C" title="مواد مغذی – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مواد مغذی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutriment" title="Nutriment – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nutriment" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cothaithigh" title="Cothaithigh – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cothaithigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutriente" title="Nutriente – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nutriente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%91%EC%86%8C" title="영양소 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영양소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="पोषक तत्व – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोषक तत्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrijent" title="Nutrijent – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nutrijent" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6ringarefni" title="Næringarefni – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Næringarefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principi_nutritivi" title="Principi nutritivi – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principi nutritivi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F" title="חומרי מזון – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומרי מזון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara" title="Hara – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95" title="ಪೌಷ್ಟಿಕ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೌಷ್ಟಿಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virutubishi" title="Virutubishi – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Virutubishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibstans_nitritif" title="Sibstans nitritif – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sibstans nitritif" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maistin%C4%97s_med%C5%BEiagos" title="Maistinės medžiagos – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maistinės medžiagos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1panyag" title="Tápanyag – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tápanyag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хранлива материја – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хранлива материја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="പോഷകം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോഷകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Шим тэжээл – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шим тэжээл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voedingsstof" title="Voedingsstof – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voedingsstof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%84%E9%A4%8A%E7%B4%A0" title="栄養素 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="栄養素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6ringsstoff" title="Næringsstoff – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Næringsstoff" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6ringsemne" title="Næringsemne – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Næringsemne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C5%82adniki_od%C5%BCywcze" title="Składniki odżywcze – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Składniki odżywcze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutriente" title="Nutriente – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nutriente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nutrient" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Питательное вещество – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Питательное вещество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABnd%C3%ABt_ushqyese" title="Lëndët ushqyese – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lëndët ushqyese" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE" title="පෝෂක පදාර්ථ – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෝෂක පදාර්ථ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nutrient" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivina" title="Živina – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Živina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafaqo" title="Nafaqo – somaali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nafaqo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95_%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ماددە خۆراکییەکان – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماددە خۆراکییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrijent" title="Nutrijent – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nutrijent" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrijent" title="Nutrijent – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nutrijent" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravinne" title="Ravinne – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ravinne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4rings%C3%A4mne" title="Näringsämne – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Näringsämne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="ஊட்டக்கூறு – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஊட்டக்கூறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="పోషకాలు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పోషకాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="สารอาหาร – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารอาหาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_dinh_d%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1ng" title="Chất dinh dưỡng – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất dinh dưỡng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besin" title="Besin – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Besin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Поживна речовина – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поживна речовина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%B4%A0" title="营养素 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="营养素" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Ümber suunatud leheküljelt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitaine&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Toitaine">Toitaine</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td> <i>See artikkel räägib toitainetest. Toiduainete kohta vaata artiklit "Toiduained".</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <p><b>Toitained</b> on toiduainetes sisalduvad <a href="/wiki/Keemilised_ained" class="mw-redirect" title="Keemilised ained">keemilised ained</a>, mida inimese <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organism</a> kasutab peamiselt rakusünteesi lähteainetena <a href="/wiki/Anabolism" title="Anabolism">anaboolsetes</a> protsessides või energiaallikana. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toitainete_liigitus">Toitainete liigitus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Toitainete liigitus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Toitainete liigitus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eristatakse kolme tüüpi toitaineid: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rasvad" title="Rasvad">rasvad</a></b>, mis on organismi jaoks ülioluline pikaajaline akumuleeritav energiaallikas;</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valgud" title="Valgud">valgud</a></b>, mis on ainus rakusünteesiks hädavajalike <a href="/wiki/Aminohapped" title="Aminohapped">aminohapete</a> allikas;</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCsivesikud" class="mw-redirect" title="Süsivesikud">süsivesikud</a></b>, mis on kiiresti omastatav energeetiline ressurss ja paljude organismi struktuuride koostisosa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tasakaalustatud_toitumine">Tasakaalustatud toitumine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Tasakaalustatud toitumine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Tasakaalustatud toitumine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Organism vajab normaalseks elutegevuseks kõiki kolme liiki toitaineid, kusjuures ühe toitaine vaegust ei ole võimalik pikaajaliselt kompenseerida teise toitaine liiaga. Olukorda, mille puhul menüü sisaldab õiges vahekorras kõiki toitaineid, nimetatakse tasakaalustatud toitumiseks. Soovituslik vahekord on järgmine: </p> <ul><li>süsivesikuid 50–60%,</li> <li>rasva 25–35%,</li> <li>valku 10–20%.</li></ul> <p>Optimaalne vahekord võib muutuda sõltuvalt füüsilisest koormusest, väliskeskkonna tingimustest, haigustest või organismi <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCsioloogia" title="Füsioloogia">füsioloogilistest</a> eripäradest. Kuna eri toitainete protsentuaalset sisaldust toidus on raske jälgida, on toitumise tasakaalustamiseks kasutusel lihtsustatud meetodeid, näiteks <a href="/wiki/Taldrikureegel" title="Taldrikureegel">taldrikureegel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nälgus"><span id="N.C3.A4lgus"></span>Nälgus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Nälgus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Nälgus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olukorda, kus organism saab toitaineid ebapiisavas koguses, nimetatakse nälguseks. Kui ebapiisavas koguses saab vaid ühte või kahte toitainet, on tegemist osalise nälgusega. Nälgus ja osaline nälgus võivad piisava kestuse korral põhjustada haigusi, näiteks <a href="/wiki/Anoreksia" title="Anoreksia">anoreksiat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aneemia" title="Aneemia">aneemiat</a>, menstruatsioonihäireid jms. Pikaajaline liiga suur toitainete kogus põhjustab <a href="/wiki/Rasvumine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasvumine">rasvumist</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toitainete_allikad">Toitainete allikad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Toitainete allikad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Toitainete allikad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toitainete allikaks on kõik loomsed ja taimsed <a href="/wiki/Toiduained" class="mw-redirect" title="Toiduained">toiduained</a>. Toiduained erinevad suuresti toitainete sisalduse poolest. Peamised rasvade allikad on loomsed saadused, rasvane kala, taimeõlid jms. Peamisteks valgu allikateks on <a href="/wiki/Liha" title="Liha">liha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalad" title="Kalad">kala</a> ja muud mereannid ning <a href="/wiki/Kaunvili" title="Kaunvili">kaunviljad</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sahhariidid" title="Sahhariidid">Süsivesikuid</a> leidub kõige enam taimses toidus, näiteks teraviljasaadustes, puu- ja juurviljades. </p><p>Mõnikord, peamiselt tõlkekirjanduses, liigitatakse toitainete hulka ka <a href="/wiki/Vitamiinid" title="Vitamiinid">vitamiinid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mineraaltoiteained" title="Mineraaltoiteained">mineraaltoiteained</a> ja isegi <a href="/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi">vesi</a>. Sellist käsitlust ei saa õigeks lugeda ning neid aineid tuleb vaadelda eraldi. Kuigi tegu on organismi elutegevuseks väga oluliste ainetega, ei ole vitamiinid ega mineraaltoiteained toitainetega võrreldes olulised <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakus%C3%BCntees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakusüntees (pole veel kirjutatud)">rakusünteesi</a> lähteained ega ka energeetiline ressurss. Nii ei ole näiteks võimalik kõrvaldada ega leevendada toitainete puudusest tekkinud nälgust vitamiine või mineraaltoiteaineid manustades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeenid" title="Biogeenid">Biogeenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toiduained" class="mw-redirect" title="Toiduained">Toiduained</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineraaltoiteained" title="Mineraaltoiteained">Mineraaltoiteained</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toitainete_ringlus" title="Toitainete ringlus">Toitainete ringlus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toitained&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toitained&oldid=6293527">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toitained&oldid=6293527</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Toitumine" title="Kategooria:Toitumine">Toitumine</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 15:25, 9. jaanuar 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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