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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plunging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plunging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Plunging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plunging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fancy_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fancy_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Fancy diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fancy_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olympic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olympic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Olympic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olympic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Competitive diving</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Competitive_diving-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Competitive diving subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Competitive_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synchronized_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synchronized_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Synchronized diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synchronized_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring_the_dive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring_the_dive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Scoring the dive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring_the_dive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Competitive strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitive_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Safety-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Safety subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recreational_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreational_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Recreational diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreational_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spinal_cord_injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spinal_cord_injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Spinal cord injuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spinal_cord_injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submerged_objects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submerged_objects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Submerged objects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submerged_objects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_with_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_with_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Impact with water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_with_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_diving_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_diving_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Competitive diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitive_diving_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_diving_injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_diving_injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Competitive diving injuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitive_diving_injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_diving_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_diving_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Competitive diving deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitive_diving_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dive_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dive_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dive groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dive_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dive groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dive_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dive_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dive_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Dive positions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dive_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dive_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dive_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Dive numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dive_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanics_of_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanics_of_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mechanics of diving</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mechanics_of_diving-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mechanics of diving subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mechanics_of_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trajectory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trajectory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Trajectory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trajectory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_of_rotation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_of_rotation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Control of rotation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_of_rotation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twisting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twisting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Twisting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twisting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Entry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>National championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Republic of Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_championships_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_championships_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>National championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_championships_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summer_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summer_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.1</span> <span>Summer diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summer_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_school_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_school_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.2</span> <span>High school diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_school_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Club_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Club_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.3</span> <span>Club diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Club_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-College_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#College_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.4</span> <span>College diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masters'_Diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masters'_Diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.5</span> <span>Masters' Diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masters'_Diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-competitive_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-competitive_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Non-competitive diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-competitive_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>High diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Diving (sport)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierduik" title="Sierduik – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sierduik" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B7%D8%B3" title="غطس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غطس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suya_tullanma" title="Suya tullanma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suya tullanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="سویا توللانما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سویا توللانما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%AA_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE)" title="জলে ঝাঁপ (ক্রীড়া) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জলে ঝাঁপ (ক্রীড়া)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Һыуға һикереү – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һыуға һикереү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Скачкі ў ваду – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Скачкі ў ваду" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Скачкі ў ваду – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Скачкі ў ваду" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Скок във вода – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Скок във вода" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salts" title="Salts – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Salts" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoky_do_vody" title="Skoky do vody – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skoky do vody" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymio" title="Plymio – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plymio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udspring" title="Udspring – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Udspring" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserspringen" title="Wasserspringen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wasserspringen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetteh%C3%BCpped" title="Vettehüpped – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vettehüpped" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Καταδύσεις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καταδύσεις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salto_(nataci%C3%B3n)" title="Salto (natación) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Salto (natación)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plon%C4%9Dado" title="Plonĝado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plonĝado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jauzi_(igeriketa)" title="Jauzi (igeriketa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jauzi (igeriketa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87" title="شیرجه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیرجه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plongeon" title="Plongeon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plongeon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salto_de_trampol%C3%ADn" title="Salto de trampolín – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Salto de trampolín" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%99" title="다이빙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다이빙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF" title="Ջրացատկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջրացատկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skokovi_u_vodu" title="Skokovi u vodu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Skokovi u vodu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunjosaltado" title="Plunjosaltado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Plunjosaltado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loncat_indah" title="Loncat indah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Loncat indah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salto_in_aqua" title="Salto in aqua – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Salto in aqua" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BDfingar" title="Dýfingar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dýfingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuffi" title="Tuffi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tuffi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קפיצה למים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפיצה למים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loncat_Indah" title="Loncat Indah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Loncat Indah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Суға секіру – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Суға секіру" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plonjon" title="Plonjon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plonjon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%BBjavb%C3%BBn" title="Xûjavbûn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xûjavbûn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai%C4%BCl%C4%93k%C5%A1ana" title="Daiļlēkšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daiļlēkšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0uoliai_%C4%AF_vanden%C4%AF" title="Šuoliai į vandenį – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šuoliai į vandenį" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%B1ugr%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_toronyugr%C3%A1s" title="Műugrás és toronyugrás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Műugrás és toronyugrás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Скокови во вода – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Скокови во вода" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terjun" title="Terjun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Terjun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Усанд үсрэлт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Усанд үсрэлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoonspringen" title="Schoonspringen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schoonspringen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoonspringen" title="Schoonspringen – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Schoonspringen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%BE%BC%E7%AB%B6%E6%8A%80" title="飛込競技 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="飛込競技" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuping" title="Stuping – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stuping" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuping" title="Stuping – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stuping" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cab%C3%BAs" title="Cabús – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cabús" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvga_sakrash" title="Suvga sakrash – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suvga sakrash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1)" title="ਗੋਤਾਖੋਰੀ (ਖੇਡ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੋਤਾਖੋਰੀ (ਖੇਡ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoki_do_wody" title="Skoki do wody – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skoki do wody" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salto_ornamental" title="Salto ornamental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Salto ornamental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83rituri_%C3%AEn_ap%C4%83" title="Sărituri în apă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sărituri în apă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Прыжки в воду – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прыжки в воду" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="जलकूर्दनक्रीडा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जलकूर्दनक्रीडा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhytja_(sport)" title="Zhytja (sport) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zhytja (sport)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="කිමිදුම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කිමිදුම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving" title="Diving – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Diving" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoki_v_vodo" title="Skoki v vodo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skoki v vodo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yntki_do_wody" title="Yntki do wody – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Yntki do wody" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Скокови у воду – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Скокови у воду" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skokovi_u_vodu" title="Skokovi u vodu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Skokovi u vodu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uimahypyt" title="Uimahypyt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uimahypyt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simhopp" title="Simhopp – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Simhopp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நீரில் பாய்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீரில் பாய்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%AF" title="Суга сикерү – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суга сикерү" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="กีฬากระโดดน้ำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กีฬากระโดดน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlama_(su_sporu)" title="Atlama (su sporu) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atlama (su sporu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Стрибки у воду – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стрибки у воду" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87%D8%BA%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%83%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%B4" title="سۇغا سەكرەش – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇغا سەكرەش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%A3y_c%E1%BA%A7u_(th%E1%BB%83_thao)" title="Nhảy cầu (thể thao) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhảy cầu (thể thao)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E6%B0%B4" title="跳水 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="跳水" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E6%B0%B4" title="跳水 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="跳水" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E6%B0%B4" title="跳水 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="跳水" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99_ovi_va%C5%A1te" title="Bə ovi vašte – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bə ovi vašte" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the sport of jumping into water, often acrobatically. For swimming or working below the surface of the water, see <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">underwater diving</a>. For the same, without apparatus, see <a href="/wiki/Freediving" title="Freediving">freediving</a>. For competitive scuba diving, see <a href="/wiki/Sport_diving_(sport)" title="Sport diving (sport)">sport diving (sport)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Diving_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Diving (disambiguation)">Diving</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Diving_(sport)" title="Special:EditPage/Diving (sport)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Diving%22+sport">"Diving" sport</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Diving%22+sport+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Diving%22+sport&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Diving%22+sport+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Diving%22+sport">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Diving%22+sport&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Diving</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diving_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_10_metre_platform_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Diving_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_10_metre_platform_3.jpg/220px-Diving_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_10_metre_platform_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Diving_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_10_metre_platform_3.jpg/330px-Diving_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_10_metre_platform_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Diving_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_10_metre_platform_3.jpg/440px-Diving_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_10_metre_platform_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Chinese pair <a href="/wiki/Chen_Aisen" title="Chen Aisen">Chen Aisen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lin_Yue" title="Lin Yue">Lin Yue</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Aquatics" title="World Aquatics">World Aquatics</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Aquatics</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Part of the Summer Olympic programme since 1904</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zweefduik_Swallow_dive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Zweefduik_Swallow_dive.jpg/170px-Zweefduik_Swallow_dive.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Zweefduik_Swallow_dive.jpg/255px-Zweefduik_Swallow_dive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Zweefduik_Swallow_dive.jpg/340px-Zweefduik_Swallow_dive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>Woman performing a "swallow dive", 1937</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Diving</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sport</a> of jumping or falling into water from a <a href="/wiki/Diving_platform" title="Diving platform">platform</a> or <a href="/wiki/Springboard" title="Springboard">springboard</a>, usually while performing <a href="/wiki/Acrobatics" title="Acrobatics">acrobatics</a>. Diving is an internationally recognised sport that is part of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>. In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational pastime. </p><p>Competitors possess many of the same characteristics as <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnasts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dancers</a>, including strength, flexibility, <a href="/wiki/Kinaesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinaesthetic">kinaesthetic</a> judgement and air awareness. Some professional divers were originally gymnasts or dancers as both the sports have similar characteristics to diving. <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Sautin" title="Dmitri Sautin">Dmitri Sautin</a> holds the record for most Olympic diving medals won, by winning eight medals in total between 1992 and 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing there is a wall painting from around 530 - 500 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-holl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jans_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jans-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-klei_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klei-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stei_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stei-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that shows a person climbing rocks towards a cliff face and a second person diving down the cliff face towards water.<sup id="cite_ref-2017_Diving_injuries_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017_Diving_injuries-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Diver" title="Tomb of the Diver">Tomb of the Diver</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a>, contains a fresco dating to around 500 to 475 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that also shows a scene of a person diving into a pool or stream of water<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from a structure. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 278.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 276.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_hunting_and_fishing,_Monterozzi_necropolis,_Tarquinia,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fresco. Tomb of Hunting and Fishing. Monterozzi necropolis, Tarquinia, Italy. Around 530 - 500 BCE"><img alt="Fresco. Tomb of Hunting and Fishing. Monterozzi necropolis, Tarquinia, Italy. Around 530 - 500 BCE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tomb_of_hunting_and_fishing%2C_Monterozzi_necropolis%2C_Tarquinia%2C_Italy.jpg/415px-Tomb_of_hunting_and_fishing%2C_Monterozzi_necropolis%2C_Tarquinia%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="277" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tomb_of_hunting_and_fishing%2C_Monterozzi_necropolis%2C_Tarquinia%2C_Italy.jpg/622px-Tomb_of_hunting_and_fishing%2C_Monterozzi_necropolis%2C_Tarquinia%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tomb_of_hunting_and_fishing%2C_Monterozzi_necropolis%2C_Tarquinia%2C_Italy.jpg/830px-Tomb_of_hunting_and_fishing%2C_Monterozzi_necropolis%2C_Tarquinia%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2396" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fresco. Tomb of Hunting and Fishing. Monterozzi necropolis, Tarquinia, Italy. Around 530 - 500 BCE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 334px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 332px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fresco. Tomb of the Diver. Paestum, Italy. 470 BCE"><img alt="Fresco. Tomb of the Diver. Paestum, Italy. 470 BCE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG/498px-The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG" decoding="async" width="332" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG/747px-The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG/996px-The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="1549" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fresco. Tomb of the Diver. Paestum, Italy. 470 BCE</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plunging">Plunging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plunging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Plunge_Sinclair_1893.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_Plunge_Sinclair_1893.jpg/150px-The_Plunge_Sinclair_1893.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_Plunge_Sinclair_1893.jpg/225px-The_Plunge_Sinclair_1893.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_Plunge_Sinclair_1893.jpg/300px-The_Plunge_Sinclair_1893.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Plunging, the first competitive diving sport</figcaption></figure> <p>Although diving has been a popular pastime across the world since ancient times, the first modern diving competitions were held in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> in the 1880s. The exact origins of the sport are unclear, though it likely derives from the act of diving at the start of <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a> races.<sup id="cite_ref-1877starts_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1877starts-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-howtogetin_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howtogetin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the seventeenth century gymnasts moved their equipment to the beaches and "performed acrobatics over the water."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1904 book <i>Swimming</i> by Ralph Thomas notes English reports of plunging records dating back to at least 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1877 edition to <i>British Rural Sports</i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Walsh" title="John Henry Walsh">John Henry Walsh</a> makes note of a "Mr. Young" plunging 56 feet (17 m) in 1870, and also states that 25 years prior, a swimmer named Drake could cover 53 feet (16 m).<sup id="cite_ref-walsh1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walsh1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Swimming_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateur Swimming Association">Amateur Swimming Association</a> (at the time called the Swimming Association of Great Britain) first started a "<a href="/wiki/Plunge_for_distance" title="Plunge for distance">plunging championship</a>" in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1883enc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1883enc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Plunging Championship was discontinued in 1937. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fancy_diving">Fancy diving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fancy diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diving_off_a_deck_into_the_Great_South_Bay_of_Long_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Diving_off_a_deck_into_the_Great_South_Bay_of_Long_Island.jpg/220px-Diving_off_a_deck_into_the_Great_South_Bay_of_Long_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Diving_off_a_deck_into_the_Great_South_Bay_of_Long_Island.jpg/330px-Diving_off_a_deck_into_the_Great_South_Bay_of_Long_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Diving_off_a_deck_into_the_Great_South_Bay_of_Long_Island.jpg/440px-Diving_off_a_deck_into_the_Great_South_Bay_of_Long_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A man dives into the <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Bay" title="Great South Bay">Great South Bay</a> of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Diving into a body of water had also been a method used by gymnasts in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> since the early 19th century. The soft landing allowed for more elaborate gymnastic feats in midair as the jump could be made from a greater height. This tradition evolved into 'fancy diving', while diving as a preliminary to swimming became known as 'Plain diving'. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, the practice of <a href="/wiki/High_diving" title="High diving">high diving</a> – diving from a great height – gained popularity; the first diving stages were erected at the <a href="/wiki/Highgate_Ponds" class="mw-redirect" title="Highgate Ponds">Highgate Ponds</a> at a height of 15 feet (4.6 m) in 1893 and the first world championship event, the National Graceful Diving Competition, was held there by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Life_Saving_Society_UK" title="Royal Life Saving Society UK">Royal Life Saving Society</a> in 1895. The event consisted of standing and running dives from either 15 or 30 feet (4.6 or 9.1 m). </p><p>It was at this event that the Swedish tradition of fancy diving was introduced to the sport by the athletes <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hagborg" title="Otto Hagborg">Otto Hagborg</a> and C F Mauritzi. They demonstrated their <a href="/wiki/Acrobatics" title="Acrobatics">acrobatic</a> techniques from the 10 m diving board at Highgate Pond and stimulated the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Swimming_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateur Swimming Association">Amateur Diving Association</a> in 1901, the first organisation devoted to diving in the world (later amalgamated with the Amateur Swimming Association). Fancy diving was formally introduced into the championship in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-hoa_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoa-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olympic_era">Olympic era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Olympic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diver2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Diver2.jpg/220px-Diver2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Diver2.jpg/330px-Diver2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Diver2.jpg/440px-Diver2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Swedish high diver <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Sp%C3%A5ngberg" title="Arvid Spångberg">Arvid Spångberg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1908_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1908 Olympic Games">1908 Olympic Games</a> from the fourth Olympiad</figcaption></figure> <p>Plain diving was first introduced into the <a href="/wiki/Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympics">Olympics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904 event</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908 Olympics in London</a> added 'fancy diving' and introduced elastic boards rather than fixed platforms. Women were first allowed to participate in the diving events for the <a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hoa_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoa-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1928 Olympics, 'plain' and 'fancy' diving were amalgamated into one event – 'Highboard Diving'. The diving event was first held indoors in the <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Empire Pool</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games" title="1934 British Empire Games">1934 British Empire Games</a> and <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competitive_diving">Competitive diving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Competitive diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most diving competitions consist of three disciplines: 1 m and 3 m springboards, and the platform. Competitive athletes are divided by gender, and often by age group. In platform events, competitors are allowed to perform their dives on either the five, seven and a half (generally just called seven), nine, or ten meter towers. In major diving meets, including the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> and the World Championships, platform diving is from the 10 meter height. </p><p>Divers have to perform a set number of dives according to established requirements, including somersaults and twists. Divers are judged on whether and how well they completed all aspects of the dive, the conformance of their body to the requirements of the dive, and the amount of splash created by their entry to the water. A possible score out of ten is broken down into three points for the takeoff (meaning the hurdle), three for the flight (the actual dive), and three for the entry (how the diver hits the water), with one more available to give the judges flexibility. </p><p>The raw score is multiplied by a degree of difficulty factor, derived from the number and combination of movements attempted. The diver with the highest total score after a sequence of dives is declared the winner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synchronized_diving">Synchronized diving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Synchronized diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salto_ornamental_-_UnB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Salto_ornamental_-_UnB.jpg/290px-Salto_ornamental_-_UnB.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Salto_ornamental_-_UnB.jpg/435px-Salto_ornamental_-_UnB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Salto_ornamental_-_UnB.jpg/580px-Salto_ornamental_-_UnB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3571" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>A man and a woman perform synchronised diving in Brazil, 2014.</figcaption></figure> <p>Synchronized diving was adopted as an Olympic sport in 2000. Two divers form a team and perform dives simultaneously. The dives are identical. It used to be possible to dive opposites, also known as a pinwheel, but this is no longer part of competitive synchronised diving. For example, one diver would perform a forward dive and the other an inward dive in the same position, or one would do a reverse and the other a back movement. In these events, the diving would be judged both on the quality of execution and the synchronicity – in timing of take-off and entry, height and forward travel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoring_the_dive">Scoring the dive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scoring the dive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are rules governing the scoring of a dive. Usually a score considers three elements of the dive: the approach, the flight, and the entry. The primary factors affecting the scoring are: </p> <ul><li>if a hand-stand is required, the length of time and quality of the hold</li> <li>the height of the diver at the apex of the dive, with extra height resulting in a higher score</li> <li>the distance of the diver from the diving apparatus throughout the dive (a diver must not be dangerously close, should not be too far away, but should ideally be within 2 feet (0.61 m) of the platform)</li> <li>the properly defined body position of the diver according to the dive being performed, including pointed toes and feet touching at all times</li> <li>the proper amounts of rotation and revolution upon completion of the dive and entry into the water</li> <li>angle of entry – a diver should enter the water straight, without any angle.</li> <li>amount of splash – many judges award divers for the amount of splash created by the diver on entry, with less splash resulting in a higher score.</li></ul> <p>Each dive is assigned a <i>degree of difficulty</i> (DD),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is determined from a combination of the moves undertaken, position used, and height. The DD value is multiplied by the scores given by the judges. </p><p>To reduce the subjectivity of scoring in major meets, panels of five or seven judges are assembled; major international events such as the Olympics use seven-judge panels. For a five-judge panel, the highest and lowest scores are discarded and the middle three are summed and multiplied by the DD. For seven-judge panels, as of the <a href="/wiki/2012_London_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 London Olympics">2012 London Olympics</a>, the two highest scores and two lowest are discarded, leaving three to be summed and multiplied by the DD. (Prior to the London Olympics, the highest and lowest scores were eliminated, and the remaining five scores were multiplied by <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">5</span></span>, to allow for comparison to five-judge panels.) The cancelling of scores is used to make it difficult for a single judge to manipulate scores. </p><p>There is a general misconception about scoring and judging. In serious meets, the absolute score is somewhat meaningless. It is the relative score, not the absolute score that wins meets. Accordingly, good judging implies consistent scoring across the dives. Specifically, if a judge consistently gives low scores for all divers, or consistently gives high scores for the same divers, the judging will yield fair relative results and will cause divers to place in the correct order. However, absolute scores have significance to the individual divers. Besides the obvious instances of setting records, absolute scores are also used for rankings and qualifications for higher level meets. </p><p>In synchronised diving events, there is a panel of seven, nine, or eleven judges; two or three to mark the execution of one diver, two or three to mark the execution of the other, and the remaining three or five to judge the synchronisation. The execution judges are positioned two on each side of the pool, and they score the diver which is nearer to them. The <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London Olympics</a> saw the first use of eleven judges. </p><p>The score is computed similarly to the scores from other diving events, but has been modified starting with the 2012 London Olympics for the use of the larger judging panels. Each group of judges will have the highest and lowest scores dropped, leaving the middle score for each diver's execution and the three middle scores for synchronisation. The total is then weighted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">5</span></span> and multiplied by the DD. The result is that the emphasis is on the synchronisation of the divers. </p><p>The synchronisation scores are based on: </p> <ul><li>time of take-off</li> <li>height attained</li> <li>synchronisation of rotations and twists</li> <li>time of entry to the water</li> <li>forward travel from the board</li></ul> <p>The judges may also disqualify the diver for certain violations during the dive, including: </p> <ul><li>receiving a score of 0 on all dives performed in the event</li> <li>improper equipment usage (e.g., female divers not using hair ties)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competitive_strategy">Competitive strategy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Competitive strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IDHM_Wasserspringen_2018-02-18_3m_mixed_Vorkampf_Sprung_3_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/IDHM_Wasserspringen_2018-02-18_3m_mixed_Vorkampf_Sprung_3_18.jpg/220px-IDHM_Wasserspringen_2018-02-18_3m_mixed_Vorkampf_Sprung_3_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/IDHM_Wasserspringen_2018-02-18_3m_mixed_Vorkampf_Sprung_3_18.jpg/330px-IDHM_Wasserspringen_2018-02-18_3m_mixed_Vorkampf_Sprung_3_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/IDHM_Wasserspringen_2018-02-18_3m_mixed_Vorkampf_Sprung_3_18.jpg/440px-IDHM_Wasserspringen_2018-02-18_3m_mixed_Vorkampf_Sprung_3_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3103" data-file-height="4501" /></a><figcaption>Mixed gender participants of synchronised swimming performing a dive</figcaption></figure> <p>To win dive meets, divers create a dive list in advance of the meet. To win the meet the diver must accumulate more points than other divers. Often, simple dives with low DDs will look good to spectators but will not win meets. The competitive diver will attempt the highest DD dives possible with which they can achieve consistent, high scores. If divers are scoring 8 or 9 on most dives, it may be a sign of their extreme skill, or it may be a sign that their dive list is not competitive, and they may lose the meet to a diver with higher DDs and lower scores. </p><p>In competition, divers must submit their lists beforehand, and once past a deadline (usually when the event is announced or shortly before it begins) they cannot change their dives. If they fail to perform the dive announced, even if they physically cannot execute the dive announced or if they perform a more difficult dive, they will receive a score of zero. Under exceptional circumstances, a redive may be granted, but these are exceedingly rare (usually for very young divers just learning how to compete, or if some event outside the diver's control has caused them to be unable to perform-such as a loud noise). </p><p>In the Olympics or other highly competitive meets, many divers will have nearly the same list of dives as their competitors. The importance for divers competing at this level is not so much the DD, but how they arrange their list. Once the more difficult rounds of dives begin it is important to lead off with a confident dive to build momentum. They also tend to put a very confident dive in front of a very difficult dive to ensure that they will have a good mentality for the difficult dive. Most divers have pre-dive and post-dive rituals that help them either maintain or regain focus. Coaches also play a role in this aspect of the sport. Many divers rely on their coaches to help keep their composure during the meet. In a large meet coaches are rarely allowed on the deck to talk to their athlete so it is common to see coaches using hand gestures or body movements to communicate. </p><p>There are some American meets which will allow changes of the position of the dive even after the dive has been announced immediately before execution, but these are an exception to the rules generally observed internationally. </p><p>Generally, NCAA rules allow for dives to be changed while the diver is on the board, but the diver must request the change directly after the dive is announced. This applies especially in cases where the wrong dive is announced. If the diver pauses during his or her hurdle to ask for a change of dive, it will be declared a ulk (when the diver stops mid-hurdle) and the change of dive will not be permitted. </p><p>Under FINA law, no dive may be changed after the deadline for the dive-sheet to be submitted (generally a period ranging from one hour to 24 hours, depending on the rulings made by the event organiser). </p><p>It is the diver's responsibility to ensure that the dive-sheet is filled in correctly, and also to correct the referee or announcer before the dive if they describe it incorrectly. If a dive is performed which is as submitted but not as (incorrectly) announced, it is declared failed and scores zero according to a strict reading of the FINA law. But in practice, a re-dive would usually be granted in these circumstances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mixed_duet_free_final_(33).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mixed_duet_free_final_%2833%29.jpg/220px-Mixed_duet_free_final_%2833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mixed_duet_free_final_%2833%29.jpg/330px-Mixed_duet_free_final_%2833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mixed_duet_free_final_%2833%29.jpg/440px-Mixed_duet_free_final_%2833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A mixed-sex pair, participating in <a href="/wiki/FINA_World_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="FINA World Championships">FINA World Championships</a> of <a href="/wiki/Synchronised_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronised swimming">synchronised swimming</a>, waves to the crowd before diving into water.</figcaption></figure> <p>The global governing body of diving is <a href="/wiki/FINA" class="mw-redirect" title="FINA">FINA</a>, which also governs <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synchronised_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronised swimming">synchronised swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">open water swimming</a>. Almost invariably, at national level, diving shares a governing body with the other aquatic sports. </p><p>This is frequently a source of political friction as the committees are naturally dominated by swimming officials who do not necessarily share or understand the concerns of the diving community. Divers often feel, for example, that they do not get adequate support over issues like the provision of facilities. Other areas of concern are the selection of personnel for the specialised Diving committees and for coaching and officiating at events, and the team selection for international competitions. </p><p>There are sometimes attempts to separate the governing body as a means to resolve these frustrations, but they are rarely successful. For example, in the UK the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_Diving_Federation" title="Great Britain Diving Federation">Great Britain Diving Federation</a> was formed in 1992 with the intention of taking over the governance of Diving from the ASA (<a href="/wiki/Amateur_Swimming_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateur Swimming Association">Amateur Swimming Association</a>). Although it initially received widespread support from the diving community, the FINA requirement that international competitors had to be registered with their National Governing Body was a major factor in the abandonment of this ambition a few years later. </p><p>Since FINA refused to rescind recognition of the ASA as the British governing body for all aquatic sports including diving, this meant that the elite divers had to belong to ASA-affiliated clubs to be eligible for selection to international competition. </p><p>In the United States scholastic diving is almost always part of the school's swim team. Diving is a separate sport in Olympic and Club Diving. The <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> will separate diving from swimming in special diving competitions after the swim season is completed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nodiving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Nodiving.jpg/220px-Nodiving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Nodiving.jpg/330px-Nodiving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Nodiving.jpg/440px-Nodiving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1790" data-file-height="1527" /></a><figcaption>A sign prohibiting diving at a beach in <a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Washington" title="Kirkland, Washington">Kirkland, Washington</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cliff_jumping#Dangers" title="Cliff jumping">Cliff jumping § Dangers</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreational_diving">Recreational diving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Recreational diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After an incident in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> in 1993, most US and other pool builders are reluctant to equip a residential <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">swimming pool</a> with a diving springboard so home diving pools are much less common these days. In the incident, 14-year-old Shawn Meneely made a "suicide dive" (holding his hands at his sides, so that his head hit the bottom first) in a private swimming pool and became a <a href="/wiki/Tetraplegia" title="Tetraplegia">tetraplegic</a>. The lawyers for the family, Jan Eric Peterson and Fred Zeder, successfully sued the diving board manufacturer, the pool builder, and the National Spa and Pool Institute over the inappropriate depth of the pool.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NSPI had specified a minimum depth of 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) which proved to be insufficient in the above case. The pool into which Meneely dived was not constructed to the published standards. The standards had changed after the diving board was installed on the non-compliant pool by the homeowner. But the courts held that the pool "was close enough" to the standards to hold NSPI liable. The multimillion-dollar lawsuit was eventually resolved in 2001 for US$6.6 million ($8 million after interest was added) in favour of the plaintiff.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NSPI was held to be liable, and was financially strained by the case. It filed twice for <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code" title="Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code">Chapter 11</a> bankruptcy protection and was successfully reorganised into a new swimming pool industry association.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spinal_cord_injuries">Spinal cord injuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Spinal cord injuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury" title="Spinal cord injury">Spinal cord injury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraplegia" title="Paraplegia">Paraplegia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quadriplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriplegia">Quadriplegia</a></div> <p>It has been commented that for spinal cord injuries related to diving board use in the United States<sup id="cite_ref-November_2003_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_2003-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that "For the purposes of obtaining rough estimates of diving board-related injury risks," the estimated "...rate of SCI [Spinal Cord Injury] due to diving into swimming pools from diving boards to be on the order of 0.028 per 100,000 swimmers..."<sup id="cite_ref-November_2003_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_2003-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Submerged_objects">Submerged objects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Submerged objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cliff_jumping#Dangers" title="Cliff jumping">Cliff jumping § Dangers</a></div> <p>Many diving accidents occur when divers do not account for submerged objects in the water such as rocks and logs.<sup id="cite_ref-RoSPA_Tombstoning_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RoSPA_Tombstoning-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this many beaches and pools prohibit diving in shallow waters or when a <a href="/wiki/Lifeguard" title="Lifeguard">lifeguard</a> is not on duty.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was commetend that "...shallow dives can end up in death or permanent injury."<sup id="cite_ref-8_June_1989_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8_June_1989-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that in 1988 on lake powell a person "...was left a quadriplegic after diving just 5 feet off a houseboat into the murky lake."<sup id="cite_ref-8_June_1989_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8_June_1989-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_with_water">Impact with water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Impact with water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water resistance increases with the speed of entry, so entering the water at high-velocity induces rapid deceleration.<sup id="cite_ref-5_October_2009_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5_October_2009-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8_June_1989_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8_June_1989-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jumping into water from a height of 20 feet (6.1 m) results in a person impacting with the water surface at 25 mph (40 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-5_October_2009_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5_October_2009-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Impacting with the water surface at this velocity is capable of giving a person <a href="/wiki/Getting_the_wind_knocked_out_of_you" title="Getting the wind knocked out of you">temporary paralysis of the diaphragm</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8_June_1989_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8_June_1989-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_compression_fracture" title="Vertebral compression fracture">compressed spine</a>, broken bones, or <a href="/wiki/Concussion" title="Concussion">concussion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-April_2018_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5_October_2009_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5_October_2009-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The speed that a diver is travelling at the water surface when they dive from a ten-metre platform is around 35 mph<sup id="cite_ref-April_2018_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when a diver hits the water flat from 10 metres they are brought to rest in about 1 ft. The extreme deceleration when hitting the water flat at around 35 mph can cause severe bruising both internal and external, strains to connective tissue securing the organs, possible minor haemorrhaging to lungs and other tissues possibly resulting in a person coughing up blood,<sup id="cite_ref-August_2023_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-August_2023-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_compression_fracture" title="Vertebral compression fracture">compressed spine</a>, broken bones, or <a href="/wiki/Concussion" title="Concussion">concussion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-April_2018_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5_October_2009_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5_October_2009-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is very painful and distressing, but not life-threatening. </p><p>Tom Daley has described one concussion that occurred to him "I missed my hands before the Beijing World Series and smashed my head at 35mph on to the water...".<sup id="cite_ref-April_2018_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concussion resulted in him receiving "headaches, nausea, dizziness...".<sup id="cite_ref-April_2018_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also resulted in Daley being "...out of action for six days and left him unable to dive off his competition height of 10m for three weeks."<sup id="cite_ref-April_2018_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was commented that in 1989 a 22-year-old, who was a "...diver and a member of the Salt Lake Country Club diving team... ...climbed up on a set of towering rocks... ...about 60 feet..."<sup id="cite_ref-8_June_1989_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8_June_1989-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (18.2 metres). He dove into the water doing a "back flip."<sup id="cite_ref-8_June_1989_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8_June_1989-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He never surfaced from the water and was found several days later 120 feet below the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-8_June_1989_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8_June_1989-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 22-year-old was found to have suffered a broken neck.<sup id="cite_ref-8_June_1989_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8_June_1989-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competitive_diving_2">Competitive diving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Competitive diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In competitive diving, FINA takes regulatory steps to ensure that athletes are protected from the inherent dangers of the sport. For example, they impose restrictions according to age on the heights of platforms which divers may compete on. </p> <ul><li>Group D (11 & under): 5 m</li> <li>Group C (12/13 year): 5 m & 7.5 m</li> <li>Group B (14/15 year): 5 m, 7.5 m & 10 m</li> <li>Group A (16/18 year): 5 m, 7.5 m & 10 m</li></ul> <p>Group D divers have only recently been allowed to compete on the tower. In the past, the age group could compete only springboard, to discourage children from taking on the greater risks of tower diving. Group D tower was introduced to counteract the phenomenon of coaches pushing young divers to compete in higher age categories, thus putting them at even greater risk. </p><p>However, some divers may safely dive in higher age categories to dive on higher platforms. Usually this occurs when advanced Group C divers wish to compete on the 10 m. </p><p>Points on pool depths in connection with diving safety: </p> <ul><li>most competition pools are 5 m deep for 10 m platform and 4 m deep for 5 m platform or 3 m springboard. These are currently the FINA recommended minimum depths, however some pools are deeper. The deepest diving pool in Europe is in <a href="/wiki/Ponds_Forge" title="Ponds Forge">Ponds Forge International Sports Centre</a> at 5.85 m.</li> <li>diving from 10 m and maintaining a downward streamlined position results in gliding to a stop at about 4.5–5 m.</li> <li>high standard competition divers rarely go more than about 2.5m below the surface, as they roll in the direction of the dive's rotation. This is a technique to produce a clean entry.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competitive_diving_injuries">Competitive diving injuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Competitive diving injuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has been commented that "Competitive diving poses unique risks for both traumatic and overuse injuries in practice and competition."<sup id="cite_ref-November_2023_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_2023-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was commented further that "Head, cervical spine, shoulder, and lumbar spine injuries among others are not uncommon, though rates vary significantly in the literature. Existing data suggest that as the level of competition elevates, traumatic injuries (including head injury) become relatively less common, while overuse injuries predominate."<sup id="cite_ref-November_2023_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_2023-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been commented that "The most frequently injured areas are the wrist, shoulder, and lumbar spine."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When looking at "...(NCAA) swimming and diving injuries from 2009 to 2014... ...[it was found that there was] an injury rate of 1.94 injuries per 1000 athlete exposures (AE) for males and 2.49 injuries per 1000 AE for females, with more injuries happening during practice over competition."<sup id="cite_ref-2017_Diving_injuries_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017_Diving_injuries-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been found that "...2.1% of divers were injured in the 2008 Olympics... [and] ...8.1% of divers were injured in the 2012 Olympics."<sup id="cite_ref-2017_Diving_injuries_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017_Diving_injuries-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was further found that "...during the (FINA) World Championships of 2015, 2013, and 2009... ...older athletes in the diving, high diving, and water polo groups were in the highest risk group for injury."<sup id="cite_ref-2017_Diving_injuries_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017_Diving_injuries-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In relation to springboard diving it has been commented that "The injury-producing forces during the takeoff are related to jumping and deceleration... ...The most common injuries related to this part of the dive are patellar tendinitis, patellar tracking problems, quadriceps tendinitis, Jumper’s knee and patellofemoral compression syndrome commonly caused by repetitive stress placed on the patellar or quadriceps tendon during jumping. Vertical jump ability, as well as jumping and landing technique, are believed to influence tendon loading."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been commented that 10-metre platform diving can also "...cause repetitive strain injuries from repeatedly pushing off the concrete platform."<sup id="cite_ref-July_2021_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_2021-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has further been commented that "Concussions are relatively common, as are pulmonary contusions in which the force of impact bruises the lungs."<sup id="cite_ref-July_2021_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_2021-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other injuries that may occur include torn triceps muscles,<sup id="cite_ref-July_2021_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_2021-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> torn ACL ligaments<sup id="cite_ref-July_2021_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_2021-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lower back issues.<sup id="cite_ref-July_2021_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_2021-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When entering the water divers spread their arms and somersault "...either forward or backward underwater...[giving] the illusion of a vertical entry and pull extra water down that hole with them in a maneuver that stresses lower back muscles and hip flexors."<sup id="cite_ref-July_2021_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_2021-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When divers performs this underwater somersault, it is extremely inadvisable to attempt to scoop the trajectory underwater against the rotation as it can cause serious back injuries. </p><p>Injuries that diver Tom Daley has received include "...concussions, torn triceps, broken ribs, [as well as having] coughed up blood."<sup id="cite_ref-August_2023_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-August_2023-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tom also has a scar on the top of his head<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from hitting his head on the diving board. </p><p>Tom has also described the deterioration of a knee injury that he received; "During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">first lockdown in 2020</a> I’d torn some cartilage in my knee, but there was no pain and I continued to train. Just when the Olympics was only eight weeks away my knee got tighter and tighter, like a screw being turned. It became locked in a position and I couldn’t straighten it or bend it... ...We booked a scan. We thought maybe it just needed an injection to get it moving again. The doctor also mooted the idea that it might need keyhole surgery. From there I was sent for an MRI scan. From the scan, we could see that the cartilage had not only torn, it had also flipped up and the joint had come back down on top of it... ...It can be flattened and sewn back down, but the surgeon described it as being a bit like a bent credit card that may snap up again or cause more problems. The only other way to fix the problem was to take it out. “There is a recovery time of four to six weeks,” the doctor said... ...A couple of weeks after surgery, I was back in the pool, building my diving back up again."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competitive_diving_deaths">Competitive diving deaths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Competitive diving deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1983, at the World University Games in Edmonton, Canada, diver Sergei Chalibashvili, aged 21, died when he was attempting a reverse 3 1/2-somersault and his head collided with the hardwood 10 metre diving platform.<sup id="cite_ref-July_1983_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_1983-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the accident he was taken to hospital and died a week later.<sup id="cite_ref-July_1983_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_1983-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987 during training diver Nathan Meade, aged 21, died when he struck his head on a 10 metre concrete platform.<sup id="cite_ref-October_1987_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-October_1987-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dive he was attempting was a reverse 2 1/2 somersault.<sup id="cite_ref-October_1987_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-October_1987-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dive_groups">Dive groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Dive groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Diving_(sport)" title="Special:EditPage/Diving (sport)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reverse_5391.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Reverse_5391.JPG/220px-Reverse_5391.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Reverse_5391.JPG/330px-Reverse_5391.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Reverse_5391.JPG/440px-Reverse_5391.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A male diver performs a reverse in the tuck position from a 3-meter springboard.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are six "groups" into which dives are classified: <i>Forward, Back, Inward, Reverse, Twist,</i> and <i>Armstand</i>. The armstand group applies only to Platform competitions, whereas the other five groups apply to both Springboard and Platform. </p> <ul><li>in the Forward Group (Group 1), the diver takes off facing forward and rotates forward</li> <li>in the Back Group (2), the diver takes off with their back to the water and rotates backward</li> <li>in the Reverse Group (3), the diver takes off facing forward and rotates backward</li> <li>in the Inward Group (4), the diver takes off with their back to the water and rotates forward</li> <li>any dive incorporating an axial twisting movement is in the Twist group (5)</li> <li>any dive commencing from a handstand is in the Armstand group (6) (only on platform)</li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Positions"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dive_positions">Dive positions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Dive positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the flight of the dive, one of four positions is assumed: </p> <ul><li>straight – with no bend at the knees or hips (the hardest of the four)</li> <li>pike – with knees straight but a tight bend at the hips (the median in difficulty of the four). The open pike is a variant where the arms are reached to the side, and the legs are brought straight out with a bend in the hips.</li> <li>tuck – body folded up in a tight ball, hands holding the shins and toes pointed (the easiest of the four)</li> <li>free – indicates a twisting dive, and a combination of other positions. In the transition between two positions the diver may for example bend their legs or curve at the waist, and points will not be deducted for doing so.</li></ul> <p>These positions are referred to by the letters A, B, C and D respectively. </p><p>Additionally, some dives can be started in a flying position. The body is kept straight with the arms extended to the side, and the regular dive position is assumed at about half the dive. </p><p>Difficulty is rated according to the Degree of Difficulty of the dives. Some divers may find pike easier in a flip than tuck, and most find straight the easiest in a front/back dive, although it is still rated the most difficult because of the risk of overrotation. </p><p>An armstand dive may have a higher degree of difficulty outdoors compared to indoors as wind can destabilise the equilibrium of the diver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dive_numbers">Dive numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Dive numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In competition, the dives are referred to by a schematic system of three- or four-digit numbers. The letter to indicate the position is appended to the end of the number. </p><p>The first digit of the number indicates the dive group as defined above. </p><p>For groups 1 to 4, the number consists of three digits and a letter of the alphabet. The third digit represents the number of half-somersaults. The second digit is either 0 or 1, with 0 representing a normal somersault, and 1 signifying a "flying" variation of the basic movement (i.e. the first half somersault is performed in the straight position, and then the pike or tuck shape is assumed). No flying dive has been competed at a high level competition for many years. </p><p>For example: </p> <ul><li>101A – forward Dive Straight</li> <li>203C – back one-and-a-half somersaults, tuck</li> <li>305C – reverse two-and-a-half somersaults, tuck</li> <li>113B – flying forward one-and-a-half somersaults, pike</li> <li>104C – front double somersaults, tuck</li></ul> <p>For Group 5, the dive number has 4 digits. The first digit indicates that it is a twisting dive. The second digit indicates the group (1–4) of the underlying movement; the third digit indicates the number of half-somersaults, and the fourth indicates the number of half-twists. </p><p>For example: </p> <ul><li>5211A – back dive, half twist, straight position.</li> <li>5337D – reverse one and a half somersaults with three and a half twists, in the Free position.</li></ul> <p>For Group 6 – Armstand – the dive number has either three or four digits: Three digits for dives without twist and four for dives with twists. </p><p>In non-twisting armstand dives, the second digit indicates the direction of rotation (0 = no rotation, 1 = forward, 2 = backward, 3 = reverse, 4 = inward) and the third digit indicates the number of half-somersaults. Inward-rotating armstand dives have never been performed, and are generally regarded as physically impossible. </p><p>For example: </p> <ul><li>600A – armstand dive straight</li> <li>612B – armstand forward somersault pike</li> <li>624C – armstand back double somersault tuck</li></ul> <p>For twisting Armstand dives, the dive number again has 4 digits, but rather than beginning with the number 5, the number 6 remains as the first digit, indicating that the "twister" will be performed from an Armstand. The second digit indicates the direction of rotation – as above, the third is the number of half-somersaults, and the fourth is the number of half-twists: </p><p>e.g. 6243D – armstand back double-somersault with one and a half twists in the free position </p><p>All of these dives come with DD (degree of difficulty) this is an indication of how difficult/complex a dive is. The score that the dive receives is multiplied by the DD (also known as tariff) to give the dive a final score. Before a diver competes they must decide on a "list" this is a number of optional dives and compulsory dives. The optionals come with a DD limit. this means that a diver must select X number of dives and the combined DD limit must be no more than the limit set by the competition/organisation etc. </p><p>Until the mid-1990s the tariff was decided by the FINA diving committee, and divers could only select from the range of dives in the published tariff table. Since then, the tariff is calculated by a formula based on various factors such as the number of twist and somersaults, the height, the group etc., and divers are free to submit new combinations. This change was implemented because new dives were being invented too frequently for an annual meeting to accommodate the progress of the sport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanics_of_diving">Mechanics of diving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Mechanics of diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG/200px-The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG/300px-The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG/400px-The_Tomb_of_the_Diver_-_Paestum_-_Italy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="1549" /></a><figcaption>Fresco. <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Diver" title="Tomb of the Diver">Tomb of the Diver</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. 470 BCE</figcaption></figure> <p>At the moment of take-off, two critical aspects of the dive are determined, and cannot subsequently be altered during the execution. One is the trajectory of the dive, and the other is the magnitude of the angular momentum. </p><p>The speed of rotation – and therefore the total amount of rotation – may be varied from moment to moment by changing the shape of the body, in accordance with the law of conservation of angular momentum. </p><p>The center of mass of the diver follows a parabolic path in free-fall under the influence of gravity (ignoring the effects of air resistance, which are negligible at the speeds involved).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trajectory">Trajectory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Trajectory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the parabola is symmetrical, the travel away from the board as the diver passes it is twice the amount of the forward travel at the peak of the flight. Excessive forward distance to the entry point is penalised when scoring a dive, but obviously an adequate clearance from the diving board is essential on safety grounds. </p><p>The greatest possible height that can be achieved is desirable for several reasons: </p> <ul><li>the height attained is itself one of the factors that the judges will reward.</li> <li>a greater height gives a longer flight time and therefore more time to execute manoeuvres.</li> <li>for any given clearance when passing the board, the forward travel distance to the entry point will be less for a higher trajectory.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_of_rotation">Control of rotation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Control of rotation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The magnitude of <a href="/wiki/Angular_momentum" title="Angular momentum">angular momentum</a> remains constant throughout the dive, but since </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>angular momentum = <a href="/wiki/Rotational_velocity" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational velocity">rotational velocity</a> × <a href="/wiki/Moment_of_inertia" title="Moment of inertia">moment of inertia</a>,</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>and the moment of inertia is larger when the body has an increased radius, the speed of rotation may be increased by moving the body into a compact shape, and reduced by opening out into a straight position. </p><p>Since the tucked shape is the most compact, it gives the most control over rotational speed, and dives in this position are easier to perform. Dives in the straight position are hardest, since there is almost no scope for altering the speed, so the angular momentum must be created at take-off with a very high degree of accuracy. (A small amount of control is available by moving the position of the arms and by a slight hollowing of the back). </p><p>The opening of the body for the entry does not stop the rotation, but merely slows it down. The vertical entry achieved by expert divers is largely an illusion created by starting the entry slightly short of vertical, so that the legs are vertical as they disappear beneath the surface. A small amount of additional tuning is available by 'entry save' techniques, whereby underwater movements of the upper body and arms against the viscosity of the water affect the position of the legs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twisting">Twisting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Twisting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N657815313_2283069_8370.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/N657815313_2283069_8370.jpg/220px-N657815313_2283069_8370.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/N657815313_2283069_8370.jpg/330px-N657815313_2283069_8370.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/N657815313_2283069_8370.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>A twisting dive performed from a 10-meter platform</figcaption></figure> <p>Dives with multiple twists and somersaults are some of the most spectacular movements, as well as the most challenging to perform. </p><p>The rules state that twisting "must not be generated manifestly on take-off". Consequently, divers must use some of the somersaulting angular momentum to generate twisting movements. The physics of twisting can be explained by looking at the components of the <a href="/wiki/Angular_momentum" title="Angular momentum">angular momentum</a> <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_vector" title="Euclidean vector">vector</a>. </p><p>As the diver leaves the board, the total angular momentum vector is horizontal, pointing directly to the left for a forward dive for example. For twisting rotation to exist, it is necessary to tilt the body sideways after takeoff, so that there is now a small component of this horizontal angular momentum vector along the body's long axis. The tilt can be seen in the photo. </p><p>The tilting is done by the arms, which are outstretched to the sides just before the twist. When one arm is moved up and the other is moved down (like turning a big steering wheel), the body reacts by tilting to the side, which then begins the twisting rotation. At the completion of the required number of twist rotations, the arm motion is reversed (the steering wheel is turned back), which removes the body's tilt and stops the twisting rotation. </p><p>An alternative explanation is that the moving arms have <a href="/wiki/Precession" title="Precession">precession</a> <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a> on them which set the body into twisting rotation. Moving the arms back produces opposite torque which stops the twisting rotation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry">Entry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Entry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rules state that the body should be vertical, or nearly so, for entry. Strictly speaking, it is physically impossible to achieve a literally vertical position throughout the entry as there will inevitably still be some rotational momentum while the body is entering the water. Divers therefore attempt to create the illusion of being vertical, especially when performing rapidly rotating multiple somersault movements. For back entries, one technique is to allow the upper body to enter slightly short of vertical so that the continuing rotation leaves the final impression of the legs entering vertically. This is called "Knee save". Another is to use "Pike save" movements of scooping the upper body underwater in the direction of rotation so as to counteract the rotation of the legs. Knee saves are performed for back entries and Pike saves are performed for front entries. </p><p>The arms must be beside the body for feet-first dives, which are typically competed only on the 1m springboard and only at fairly low levels of 3m springboard, and extended forwards in line for "head-first" dives, which are much more common competitively. It used to be common for the hands to be interlocked with the fingers extended towards the water, but a different technique has become favoured during the last few decades. Now the usual practice is for one hand to grasp the other with palms down to strike the water with a flat surface. This creates a vacuum between the hands, arms and head which, with a vertical entry, will pull down and under any splash until deep enough to have minimal effect on the surface of the water (the so-called "rip entry"). </p><p>Once a diver is completely under the water they may choose to roll or scoop in the same direction their dive was rotating to pull their legs into a more vertical position. Apart from aesthetic considerations, it is important from a safety point of view that divers reinforce the habit of rolling in the direction of rotation, especially for forward and inward entries. Back injuries such as <a href="/wiki/Hyperextension" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperextension">hyperextension</a> are caused by attempting to re-surface in the opposite direction. Diving from the higher levels increases the danger and likelihood of such injuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>deal primarily with <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">the English-speaking world</a> and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Diving_(sport)" title="Talk:Diving (sport)">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diving_Plongeon_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Diving_Plongeon_Canada.svg/100px-Diving_Plongeon_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Diving_Plongeon_Canada.svg/150px-Diving_Plongeon_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Diving_Plongeon_Canada.svg/200px-Diving_Plongeon_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>The DPC logo</figcaption></figure><p>In Canada, elite competitive diving is regulated by DPC (Diving Plongeon Canada), although the individual provinces also have organizational bodies. The main competitive season runs from February to July, although some competitions may be held in January or December, and many divers (particularly international level athletes) will train and compete year round. </p><p>Most provincial level competitions consist of events for six age groups (Groups A, B, C, D, E, and Open) for both genders on each of the three board levels. These age groups roughly correspond to those standardised by FINA, with the addition of a youngest age group for divers 9 and younger, Group E, which does not compete nationally and does not have a tower event (although divers of this age may choose to compete in Group D). The age group Open is so called because divers of any age, including those over 18, may compete in these events, so long as their dives meet a minimum standard of difficulty. </p><p>Although Canada is internationally a fairly strong country in diving, the vast majority of Canadian high schools and universities do not have diving teams, and many Canadian divers accept athletic scholarships from American colleges. </p><p>Adult divers who are not competitive at an elite level may compete in masters diving. Typically, masters are either adults who never practised the sport as children or teenagers, or former elite athletes who have retired but still seek a way to be involved in the sport. Many diving clubs have masters teams in addition to their primary competitive ones, and while some masters dive only for fun and fitness, there are also masters competitions, which range from the local to world championship level. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_championships">National championships</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: National championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Divers can qualify to compete at the age group national championships, or junior national championships, in their age groups as assigned by FINA up to the age of 18. This competition is held annually in July. Qualification is based on achieving minimum scores at earlier competitions in the season, although athletes who place very highly at a national championship will be automatically qualified to compete at the next. Divers must qualify at two different competitions, at least one of which must be a level 1 competition, i.e. a competition with fairly strict judging patterns. Such competitions include the Polar Bear Invitational in Winnipeg, the Sting in Victoria, and the Alberta Provincial Championships in Edmonton or Calgary. The qualifying scores are determined by DPC according to the results of the preceding year's national competition, and typically do not have much variation from year to year. </p><p>Divers older than 18, or advanced divers of younger ages, can qualify for the senior national championships, which are held twice each year, once roughly in March and once in June or July. Once again, qualification is based on achieving minimum scores at earlier competitions (in this case, within the 12 months preceding the national championships, and in an Open age group event), or high placements in previous national championships or international competitions. It is no longer the case that divers may use results from age group events to qualify for senior nationals, or results from Open events to qualify for age group nationals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_Ireland">Republic of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Republic of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Republic of Ireland facilities are limited to one operational pool at the National Aquatic Centre in Dublin. Other facilities with diving boards at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a> are undergoing staff training in an effort to start diving programmes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_championships_2">National championships</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: National championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>National championships take place late in the year, usually during November. The competition is held at the National Aquatic Centre in Dublin and consists of four events: </p> <ul><li>Irish Open Age Group Championships</li> <li>Irish Open Junior Diving Championships</li> <li>Irish Open Senior Diving Championships</li> <li>Novice Competition (8–18 yrs)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom, diving competitions on all boards run throughout the year. National Masters' Championships are held two or three times per year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Summer_diving">Summer diving</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Summer diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, summer diving is usually limited to one meter diving at community or country club pools. Some pools organise to form intra-pool competitions. These competitions are usually designed to accommodate all school-age children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="High_school_diving">High school diving</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: High school diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States scholastic diving at the high school level is usually limited to one meter diving (but some schools use three meter springboards.). Scores from those one meter dives contribute to the swim team's overall score. High school diving and swimming concludes their season with a state competition. Depending on the state and the number of athletes competing in the state, certain qualifications must be achieved to compete in the state's championship meet. There are often regional championships and district championships which are necessary to compete in before reaching the state meet to narrow the field to only the most competitive athletes. Most state championship meets consist of eleven dives. The eleven dives are usually split up between two categories: five required (voluntary) dives and six optional dives. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Club_diving">Club diving</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Club diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, pre-college divers interested in learning one and three meter or platform diving should consider a club sanctioned by either <a href="/wiki/USA_Diving" title="USA Diving">USA Diving</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Athletic_Union" title="Amateur Athletic Union">AAU Diving</a>. In USA Diving, Future Champions is the entry level or novice diver category with eight levels of competition. From Future Champions, divers graduate to "Junior Olympic", or JO. JO divers compete in age groups at inter-club competitions, at invitationals, and if qualified, at regional, zone and national competitions. Divers over the age of 19 years of age cannot compete in these events as a JO diver. </p><p>USA Diving sanctions the Winter Nationals championship with one, three meter, and platform events. In the summer USA Diving sanctions the Summer Nationals including all three events with both Junior and Senior divers. USA Diving is sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Olympic Committee">United States Olympic Committee</a> to select team representatives for international diving competitions including the World Championships and Olympic Games. </p><p>AAU Diving sanctions one national event per year in the summer. AAU competes on the one, three, and tower to determine the All-American team. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="College_diving">College diving</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: College diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Houston_Natatorium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/University_of_Houston_Natatorium.jpg/220px-University_of_Houston_Natatorium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/University_of_Houston_Natatorium.jpg/330px-University_of_Houston_Natatorium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/University_of_Houston_Natatorium.jpg/440px-University_of_Houston_Natatorium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a>'s CRWC Natatorium is home to the United States' largest collegiate swimming pool.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States scholastic diving at the college level requires one and three meter diving. Scores from the one and three meter competition contribute to the swim team's overall meet score. College divers interested in tower diving may compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> separate from swim team events. NCAA Divisions II and III do not usually compete platform; if a diver wishes to compete platform in college, he or she must attend a Division I school. </p><p>Each division also has rules on the number of dives in each competition. Division II schools compete with 10 dives in competition whereas Division III schools compete with 11. Division I schools only compete with 6 dives in competition. These 6 dives consist of either 5 optionals and 1 voluntary, or 6 optionals. If the meet is a 5 optional meet, then the divers will perform 1 optional from each category (Front, Back, Inward, Reverse, and Twister) and then 1 voluntary from the category of their choice. The voluntary in this type of meet is always worth a DD (Degree of Difficulty) of 2.0 even if the real DD is worth more or less on a DD sheet. In a 6 optional meet, the divers will yet again perform one dive from each category, but this time they will perform a 6th optional from the category of their choosing, which is worth its actual DD from the DD sheet. </p><p>The highest level of collegiate competition is the NCAA Division 1 Swimming and Diving Championship. Events at the championship include 1 metre springboard, 3 metre springboard, and platform, as well as various swimming individual and relay events. The points scored by swimmers and divers are combined to determine a team swimming & diving champion. To qualify for a diving event at the NCAA championships, a competitor must first finish in the top three at one of five zone championships, which are held after the various conference championship meets. A diver who scores at least 310 points on the 3 metre springboard and 300 points on the 1 metre springboard in a 6 optional meet can participate in the particular zone championship corresponding to the geographic region in which his or her school lies. </p><p>A number of colleges and universities offer scholarships to men and women who have competitive diving skills. These scholarships are usually offered to divers with age-group or club diving experience. </p><p>The NCAA limits the number of years a college student can represent any school in competitions. The limit is four years, but could be less under certain circumstances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Masters'_Diving"><span id="Masters.27_Diving"></span>Masters' Diving</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Masters' Diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Divers who continue diving past their college years can compete in Masters' Diving programs. Masters' diving programs are frequently offered by college or club programs. </p><p>Masters' Diving events are normally conducted in age-groups separated by five or ten years, and attract competitors of a wide range of ages and experience (many, indeed, are newcomers to the sport); the oldest competitor in a Masters' Diving Championship was Viola Krahn, who at the age of 101 was the first person in any sport, male or female, anywhere in the world, to compete in an age-group of 100+ years in a nationally organised competition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-competitive_diving">Non-competitive diving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Non-competitive diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cliff_jumping" title="Cliff jumping">Cliff jumping</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManDiving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ManDiving.jpg/220px-ManDiving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ManDiving.jpg/330px-ManDiving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ManDiving.jpg/440px-ManDiving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2486" data-file-height="3816" /></a><figcaption>A man diving into <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cliffjumping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cliffjumping.jpg/220px-Cliffjumping.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cliffjumping.jpg/330px-Cliffjumping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cliffjumping.jpg/440px-Cliffjumping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Man and woman <a href="/wiki/Cliff_jumping" title="Cliff jumping">jumping off a cliff</a> at <a href="/wiki/Colliding_Rivers" title="Colliding Rivers">Colliding Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glide,_Oregon" title="Glide, Oregon">Glide, Oregon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Diving is also popular as a non-competitive activity. Such diving usually emphasises the airborne experience, and the height of the dive, but does not emphasise what goes on once the diver enters the water. The ability to dive underwater can be a useful emergency skill, and is an important part of watersport and navy safety training. Entering water from a height is an enjoyable leisure activity, as is underwater <a href="/wiki/Human_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Human swimming">swimming</a>. </p><p>Such non-competitive diving can occur indoors and outdoors. Outdoor diving typically takes place from cliffs or other rock formations either into fresh or salt water. However, man-made diving platforms are sometimes constructed in popular swimming destinations. Outdoor diving requires knowledge of the water depth and currents as conditions can be dangerous. On occasion, the diver will inadvertently belly flop, entering the water horizontally or nearly so. The diver typically displaces a larger than usual amount of water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High_diving">High diving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: High diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_diving" title="High diving">High diving</a></div> <p>A recently developing section of the sport is <i>High Diving</i> (e.g. see <a href="/wiki/2013_World_Aquatics_Championships" title="2013 World Aquatics Championships">2013 World Aquatics Championships</a>), conducted in open air locations, usually from improvised platforms up to 89 feet (27 m) high (as compared with 33 feet (10 m) as used in Olympic and World Championship events). Entry to the water is invariably feet-first to avoid the risk of injury that would be involved in head-first entry from that height. The final half-somersault is almost always performed backwards, enabling the diver to spot the entry point and control their rotation. </p><p>Competitive high diving is run as the <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Cliff_Diving_World_Series" title="Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series">Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_timing_system" title="Aquatic timing system">Aquatic timing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannonball_(diving)" title="Cannonball (diving)">Cannonball (diving)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Divers_by_nationality" title="Category:Divers by nationality">Divers by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the Summer Olympics">Diving at the Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Diving at the Asian Games">Diving at the Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Quebrada_Cliff_Divers" title="La Quebrada Cliff Divers">La Quebrada Cliff Divers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_diving" title="List of Olympic medalists in diving">List of Olympic medalists in diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_diving" title="Shallow diving">Shallow diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_10_meter_diving_platforms_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 10 meter diving platforms in the United States">List of 10 meter diving platforms in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diving_(sport)&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlenday2013" class="citation book cs1">Glenday, Craig (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7/page/258"><i>Guinness World Records 2014</i></a>. Guinness World Records Limited. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7/page/258">258</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781908843159" title="Special:BookSources/9781908843159"><bdi>9781908843159</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records+2014&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records+Limited&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781908843159&rft.aulast=Glenday&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7%2Fpage%2F258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-holl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-holl_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolloway1965" class="citation journal cs1">Holloway, R. Ross (1965). "Conventions of Etruscan Painting in the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing at Tarquinii". <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i>. <b>69</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">341–</span>347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F502183">10.2307/502183</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/502183">502183</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Conventions+of+Etruscan+Painting+in+the+Tomb+of+Hunting+and+Fishing+at+Tarquinii&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E341-%3C%2Fspan%3E347&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F502183&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F502183%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Holloway&rft.aufirst=R.+Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jans-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jans_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJansonJanson2004" class="citation book cs1">Janson, Horst Woldemar; Janson, Anthony F. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofart00hwja"><i>History of Art: The Western Tradition</i></a></span>. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofart00hwja/page/169">169</a>–170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-182895-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-182895-7"><bdi>978-0-13-182895-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Art%3A+The+Western+Tradition&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=169-170&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-13-182895-7&rft.aulast=Janson&rft.aufirst=Horst+Woldemar&rft.au=Janson%2C+Anthony+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofart00hwja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-klei-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-klei_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Kleiner2011" class="citation book cs1">S. Kleiner, Fred (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S1CRuET2CP8C&pg=PA230"><i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History</i></a>. Vol. 1. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4390-8578-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4390-8578-3"><bdi>978-1-4390-8578-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages%3A+A+Global+History&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4390-8578-3&rft.aulast=S.+Kleiner&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS1CRuET2CP8C%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stei-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stei_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteingräber2006" class="citation book cs1">Steingräber, Stephan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K25ydBTGhbkC&pg=PA95"><i>Abundance of Life: Etruscan Wall Painting</i></a>. Los Angeles, California: Getty Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">95–</span>96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89236-865-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89236-865-5"><bdi>978-0-89236-865-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abundance+of+Life%3A+Etruscan+Wall+Painting&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E96&rft.pub=Getty+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-89236-865-5&rft.aulast=Steingr%C3%A4ber&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK25ydBTGhbkC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2017_Diving_injuries-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2017_Diving_injuries_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2017_Diving_injuries_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2017_Diving_injuries_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2017_Diving_injuries_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathaniel_S._Jones2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nathaniel S. Jones (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/fulltext/2017/09000/competitive_diving_principles_and_injuries.17.aspx">"Competitive Diving Principles and Injuries"</a>. <i>Current Sports Medicine Reports</i>. <b>16</b> (5). American College of Sports Medicine: <span class="nowrap">351–</span>356. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1249%2FJSR.0000000000000401">10.1249/JSR.0000000000000401</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28902759">28902759</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Sports+Medicine+Reports&rft.atitle=Competitive+Diving+Principles+and+Injuries&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E351-%3C%2Fspan%3E356&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1249%2FJSR.0000000000000401&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28902759&rft.au=Nathaniel+S.+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Facsm-csmr%2Ffulltext%2F2017%2F09000%2Fcompetitive_diving_principles_and_injuries.17.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberghina2020" class="citation journal cs1">Alberghina, Maria Francesca (24 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182217">"The Tomb of the Diver and the frescoed tombs in Paestum (southern Italy): New insights from a comparative archaeometric study"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>15</b> (4): e0232375. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PLoSO..1532375A">2020PLoSO..1532375A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0232375">10.1371/journal.pone.0232375</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182217">7182217</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32330186">32330186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=The+Tomb+of+the+Diver+and+the+frescoed+tombs+in+Paestum+%28southern+Italy%29%3A+New+insights+from+a+comparative+archaeometric+study&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e0232375&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7182217%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32330186&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0232375&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020PLoSO..1532375A&rft.aulast=Alberghina&rft.aufirst=Maria+Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7182217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolloway2006" class="citation journal cs1">Holloway, R. 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Elsevier: <span class="nowrap">293–</span>303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0278-5919%2805%2970145-9">10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70145-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10230565">10230565</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240529141808/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278591905701459">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metroatlantadivers.com/history_of_diving">the original</a> on 30 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Diving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metroatlantadivers.com%2Fhistory_of_diving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swimming.org/britishswimming/diving/a-history-of-diving/">"A brief history of diving"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+brief+history+of+diving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swimming.org%2Fbritishswimming%2Fdiving%2Fa-history-of-diving%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrego2003" class="citation book cs1">Crego, Robert (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCl1c2yy5ooC&q=diving+part+of+olympic+games&pg=PA137"><i>Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31610-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31610-4"><bdi>978-0-313-31610-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+and+Games+of+the+18th+and+19th+Centuries&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31610-4&rft.aulast=Crego&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXCl1c2yy5ooC%26q%3Ddiving%2Bpart%2Bof%2Bolympic%2Bgames%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150913161738/http://www.fina.org/project/docs/rules/rules_dA2.pdf">"Appendix 2: FINA table of degree of difficulty"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/FINA" class="mw-redirect" title="FINA">FINA</a>. 15 September 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fina.org/project/docs/rules/rules_dA2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appendix+2%3A+FINA+table+of+degree+of+difficulty&rft.pub=FINA&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fina.org%2Fproject%2Fdocs%2Frules%2Frules_dA2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation news cs1">Brown, AmyJo (30 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040304034008/http://www.poolspanews.com/2004/012/012diving.html">"No Diving?"</a>. Pool & Spa News. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+Diving%3F&rft.date=2004-01-30&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=AmyJo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poolspanews.com%2F2004%2F012%2F012diving.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/deep-impact-back-yard-danger/">"Deep Impact: Back Yard Danger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/60_Minutes_II" title="60 Minutes II">60 Minutes II</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. 2 June 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=60+Minutes+II&rft.atitle=Deep+Impact%3A+Back+Yard+Danger&rft.date=1999-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fdeep-impact-back-yard-danger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Appeals Court State of WA, Docket Number:18036-1-III Title: Shawn Meneely, et al. v. S. R. Smith, Inc., et al.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-November_2003-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-November_2003_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-November_2003_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101117020347/http://www.divingboardsafety.net/AIR_report.pdf">"Review of spinal cord injury statistics related to diving and diving board use"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Institutes for Research. 21 November 2003. Archived from the original on 17 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+spinal+cord+injury+statistics+related+to+diving+and+diving+board+use&rft.pub=American+Institutes+for+Research&rft.date=2003-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.divingboardsafety.net%2FAIR_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the article "Review of spinal cord injury statistics related to diving and diving board use" (November 2003) it is commented that; "For the purposes of obtaining rough estimates of diving board-related injury risks, we present an estimate of diving board-related SCI [Spinal Cord Injury] rates with caveats. It important to note that these injury rates... ...• Do not consider the frequency or duration of swimming by participants in aquatic activities, and • Do not consider how risk varies according to demographic and environmental factors, such as age, gender, pool type, diving board type, or setting (i.e., residential, community center, etc.)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RoSPA_Tombstoning-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RoSPA_Tombstoning_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rospa.com/leisure-water-safety/water/advice/tombstoning">"Tombstoning – 'Don't jump into the unknown'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>RoSPA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107022152/https://www.rospa.com/leisure-water-safety/water/advice/tombstoning">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RoSPA&rft.atitle=Tombstoning+%E2%80%93+%27Don%27t+jump+into+the+unknown%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rospa.com%2Fleisure-water-safety%2Fwater%2Fadvice%2Ftombstoning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-in/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/overview-of-diving-injuries">"Overview of Diving Injuries - Injuries and Poisoning"</a>. <i>MSD Manual Consumer Version</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=CLIFFS+PLUS+DIVING+%3D+DANGER%3A+WATER%2C+GRAVITY+CAN+TURN+THRILLER+INTO+A+KILLER&rft.date=1989-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F1989%2F6%2F8%2F18810510%2Fcliffs-plus-diving-danger-water-gravity-can-turn-thriller-into-a-killer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5_October_2009-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5_October_2009_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5_October_2009_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5_October_2009_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5_October_2009_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolich2009" class="citation web cs1">Kolich, Heather (5 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapquest.com/travel/outdoor-activities/water-sports/cliff-diving.htm">"How Cliff Diving Works"</a>. <i>mapquest</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240524072549/https://www.mapquest.com/travel/outdoor-activities/water-sports/cliff-diving.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mapquest&rft.atitle=How+Cliff+Diving+Works&rft.date=2009-10-05&rft.aulast=Kolich&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapquest.com%2Ftravel%2Foutdoor-activities%2Fwater-sports%2Fcliff-diving.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-April_2018-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-April_2018_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-April_2018_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-April_2018_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-April_2018_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-April_2018_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-April_2018_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGeehan2018" class="citation news cs1">McGeehan, Matt (10 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/commonwealth-games-2018-tom-daley-diving-event-injury-latest-news-a8297131.html">"Commonwealth Games 2018: Tom Daley forced to withdraw from individual event with hip injury"</a>. <i>The independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180410105143/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/commonwealth-games-2018-tom-daley-diving-event-injury-latest-news-a8297131.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+independent&rft.atitle=Commonwealth+Games+2018%3A+Tom+Daley+forced+to+withdraw+from+individual+event+with+hip+injury&rft.date=2018-04-10&rft.aulast=McGeehan&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fcommonwealth-games%2Fcommonwealth-games-2018-tom-daley-diving-event-injury-latest-news-a8297131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-August_2023-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-August_2023_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-August_2023_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2023" class="citation news cs1">Ball, Elliot (8 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240529155804/https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/celebs-tv/tom-daley-gives-tour-second-8663644">"Tom Daley gives tour of his 'second home' and where he won Olympic gold"</a>. <i>Plymouth Herald</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/celebs-tv/tom-daley-gives-tour-second-8663644">the original</a> on 29 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plymouth+Herald&rft.atitle=Tom+Daley+gives+tour+of+his+%27second+home%27+and+where+he+won+Olympic+gold&rft.date=2023-08-08&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Elliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plymouthherald.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fcelebs-tv%2Ftom-daley-gives-tour-second-8663644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-November_2023-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-November_2023_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-November_2023_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_DayEleanor_A._BelilosMatthew_D._Maxwell2023" class="citation journal cs1">Derek Day; Eleanor A. Belilos; Matthew D. Maxwell (November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28902759/">"Competitive Diving Injuries: An Epidemiologic Review"</a>. <i>Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports</i>. <b>16</b> (5). Elsevier: <span class="nowrap">351–</span>356. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1249%2FJSR.0000000000000401">10.1249/JSR.0000000000000401</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28902759">28902759</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240610081809/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28902759/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Emergency+and+Hospital+Medicine+Reports&rft.atitle=Competitive+Diving+Injuries%3A+An+Epidemiologic+Review&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E351-%3C%2Fspan%3E356&rft.date=2023-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1249%2FJSR.0000000000000401&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28902759&rft.au=Derek+Day&rft.au=Eleanor+A.+Belilos&rft.au=Matthew+D.+Maxwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F28902759%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB_D_Rubin1999" class="citation journal cs1">B D Rubin (April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10230565/">"The basics of competitive diving and its injuries"</a>. <i>Clinics in Sports Medicine</i>. <b>18</b> (2). Elsevier: <span class="nowrap">293–</span>303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0278-5919%2805%2970145-9">10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70145-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10230565">10230565</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240610081744/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10230565/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinics+in+Sports+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+basics+of+competitive+diving+and+its+injuries&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E293-%3C%2Fspan%3E303&rft.date=1999-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0278-5919%2805%2970145-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10230565&rft.au=B+D+Rubin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F10230565%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_ComingsG._John_Mullen2014" class="citation web cs1">Jeff Comings; G. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft.atitle=Broken+wrists%2C+twisted+necks+and+concussions%3A+The+brutal+nature+of+Olympic+diving&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft.aulast=Wharton&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fsports%2Folympics%2Fstory%2F2021-07-29%2Fbroken-wrists-concussions-brutal-nature-olympics-diving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sport/tom-daley-i-swear-underwater-a-lot/">"Tom Daley: I swear underwater a lot"</a>. <i>Radio Times</i>. 18 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240604075725/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sport/tom-daley-i-swear-underwater-a-lot/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=Tom+Daley%3A+I+swear+underwater+a+lot&rft.date=2011-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Fsport%2Ftom-daley-i-swear-underwater-a-lot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulkerrins2021" class="citation news cs1">Mulkerrins, Jane (1 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220801043524/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tom-daleys-covid-ordeal-my-oxygen-levels-were-dropping-zpnncx5mb">"Tom Daley's Covid ordeal: 'My oxygen levels were dropping'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tom-daleys-covid-ordeal-my-oxygen-levels-were-dropping-zpnncx5mb">the original</a> on 1 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Tom+Daley%27s+Covid+ordeal%3A+%27My+oxygen+levels+were+dropping%27&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.aulast=Mulkerrins&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ftom-daleys-covid-ordeal-my-oxygen-levels-were-dropping-zpnncx5mb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-July_1983-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-July_1983_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-July_1983_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1983/07/17/soviet-diver-is-dead-a-week-after-accident/7caa3625-df9d-47ea-862b-aa67c6c49804/">"Soviet Diver Is Dead A Week After Accident"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. 17 July 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130190907/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1983/07/17/soviet-diver-is-dead-a-week-after-accident/7caa3625-df9d-47ea-862b-aa67c6c49804/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Soviet+Diver+Is+Dead+A+Week+After+Accident&rft.date=1983-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fsports%2F1983%2F07%2F17%2Fsoviet-diver-is-dead-a-week-after-accident%2F7caa3625-df9d-47ea-862b-aa67c6c49804%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-October_1987-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-October_1987_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-October_1987_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/10/22/Nathan-Meade-one-of-Australias-premier-divers-was-killed/9630561873600/">"Nathan Meade, one of Australia's premier divers, was killed..."</a> <i>UPI</i>. 22 October 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240529133826/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/10/22/Nathan-Meade-one-of-Australias-premier-divers-was-killed/9630561873600/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Nathan+Meade%2C+one+of+Australia%27s+premier+divers%2C+was+killed...&rft.date=1987-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1987%2F10%2F22%2FNathan-Meade-one-of-Australias-premier-divers-was-killed%2F9630561873600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiving+%28sport%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Diving Complete</i> George Rackham (1975)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Diving for Gold</i> Ron O'Brien (1992)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External 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title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mandatory sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic sports">Aquatics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Artistic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">Marathon Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">Canoeing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_slalom" title="Canoe slalom">Canoe slalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sprint" title="Canoe sprint">Canoe sprint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_BMX" title="Freestyle BMX">Freestyle BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing" title="Mountain bike racing">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">Skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Sport climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">Freestyle wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discretionary sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_sixes" title="Lacrosse sixes">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_sports" title="Paralympic sports">Paralympic sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympic sports">Winter Olympic sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Water_sports_and_activities429" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Water_sports" title="Template:Water sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Water_sports" title="Template talk:Water sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Water_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Water sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Water_sports_and_activities429" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_water_sports" title="List of water sports">Water sports and activities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_water_sports" title="List of water sports">Activities in water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquajogging" title="Aquajogging">Aquajogging</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Diving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronized diving">synchronized</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">Scuba diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">synchronized</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_aerobics" title="Water aerobics">Water aerobics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_water_sports" title="List of surface water sports">Activities on water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boating" title="Boating">Boating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodyboarding" title="Bodyboarding">Bodyboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodysurfing" title="Bodysurfing">Bodysurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_skiing" title="Cable skiing">Cable skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">Canoeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayaking" title="Kayaking">Kayaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiteboarding" title="Kiteboarding">Kiteboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiteboating" title="Kiteboating">Kiteboating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeboarding_(towsport)" title="Kneeboarding (towsport)">Kneeboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddleboarding" title="Paddleboarding">Paddleboarding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standup_paddleboarding" title="Standup paddleboarding">standup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasailing" title="Parasailing">Parasailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafting" title="Rafting">Rafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverboarding" title="Riverboarding">Riverboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skimboarding" title="Skimboarding">Skimboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skurfing_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skurfing (sport)">Skurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_skipping" title="Stone skipping">Stone skipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubing_(recreation)" title="Tubing (recreation)">Tubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakeboarding" title="Wakeboarding">Wakeboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakeskating" title="Wakeskating">Wakeskating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakesurfing" title="Wakesurfing">Wakesurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_skiing" title="Water skiing">Water skiing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barefoot_skiing" title="Barefoot skiing">barefoot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">Windsurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">Yachting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_water_sports" title="List of water sports">Team sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">Canoe polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinghy_racing" title="Dinghy racing">Dinghy racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat#Racing" title="Outrigger boat">Outrigger canoe racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronized diving">Synchronized diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Synchronized swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waboba" title="Waboba">Waboba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_basketball" title="Water basketball">Water basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_volleyball" title="Water volleyball">Water volleyball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_racing" title="Boat racing">Boat racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing races</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">Yacht racing</a></li></ul> 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