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Adresă IP - Wikipedia

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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-IPv4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IPv4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>IPv4</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-IPv4-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle IPv4 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-IPv4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clase_de_adrese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clase_de_adrese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Clase de adrese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clase_de_adrese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_private" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_private"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Adrese private</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_private-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subrețele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subrețele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Subrețele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subrețele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-VLSM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VLSM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>VLSM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VLSM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CIDR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CIDR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>CIDR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CIDR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IPv6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IPv6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>IPv6</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-IPv6-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle IPv6 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-IPv6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notație" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notație"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Notație</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notație-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_de_rețea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_de_rețea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Adrese de rețea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_de_rețea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_publice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_publice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Adrese publice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_publice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adrese_unicast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_unicast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Adrese unicast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_unicast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_multicast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_multicast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Adrese multicast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_multicast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_anycast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_anycast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Adrese anycast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_anycast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_private_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_private_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Adrese private</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_private_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_locale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_locale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Adrese locale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_locale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_IPv6_mapate_peste_IPv4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_IPv6_mapate_peste_IPv4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Adrese IPv6 mapate peste IPv4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_IPv6_mapate_peste_IPv4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adrese_statice_și_dinamice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adrese_statice_și_dinamice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Adrese statice și dinamice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adrese_statice_și_dinamice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NAT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NAT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>NAT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NAT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legături externe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizații_însărcinate_cu_distribuirea_de_spații_de_adrese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizații_însărcinate_cu_distribuirea_de_spații_de_adrese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Organizații însărcinate cu distribuirea de spații de adrese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizații_însărcinate_cu_distribuirea_de_spații_de_adrese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adresă IP</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 113 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adres" title="IP-adres – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="IP-adres" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-Adresse" title="IP-Adresse – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="IP-Adresse" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adreza_IP" title="Adreza IP – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Adreza IP" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="عنوان بروتوكول الإنترنت – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عنوان بروتوكول الإنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B" title="আই পি এড্ৰেছ – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আই পি এড্ৰেছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%B1es_IP" title="Señes IP – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Señes IP" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%C3%BCnvan%C4%B1" title="IP ünvanı – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="IP ünvanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آی‌پی آدرسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آی‌پی آدرسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-Adress" title="IP-Adress – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="IP-Adress" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adresos" title="IP adresos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="IP adresos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="IP-адрас – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="IP-адрас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="IP-адрас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="IP-адрас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="IP адрес – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="IP адрес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="आईपी पता – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आईपी पता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="আইপি ঠিকানা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইপি ঠিকানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomlec%E2%80%99h_IP" title="Chomlec’h IP – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Chomlec’h IP" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adresa" title="IP-adresa – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="IP-adresa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adre%C3%A7a_IP" title="Adreça IP – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adreça IP" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="IP-адрес – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="IP-адрес" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="ناونیشانی ئای پی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناونیشانی ئای پی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adresa" title="IP adresa – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IP adresa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfeiriad_IP" title="Cyfeiriad IP – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfeiriad IP" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetadresse" title="Internetadresse – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Internetadresse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-Adresse" title="IP-Adresse – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IP-Adresse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Διεύθυνση Διαδικτυακού Πρωτοκόλλου – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεύθυνση Διαδικτυακού Πρωτοκόλλου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IP address" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adreso" title="IP-adreso – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="IP-adreso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_IP" title="Dirección IP – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dirección IP" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-aadress" title="IP-aadress – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="IP-aadress" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_helbide" title="IP helbide – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="IP helbide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="نشانی آی‌پی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشانی آی‌پی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-osoite" title="IP-osoite – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IP-osoite" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adressa" title="IP-adressa – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="IP-adressa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adresse_IP" title="Adresse IP – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adresse IP" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adr%C3%A8ce_IP" title="Adrèce IP – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Adrèce IP" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoladh_IP" title="Seoladh IP – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seoladh IP" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adresi" title="IP adresi – găgăuză" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="IP adresi" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="găgăuză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enderezo_IP" title="Enderezo IP – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enderezo IP" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B8" title="IP એડ્રેસ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="IP એડ્રેસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%91%D7%AA_IP" title="כתובת IP – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתובת IP" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="इंटरनेट प्रोटोकॉल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंटरनेट प्रोटोकॉल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_broj" title="IP broj – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IP broj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adr%C3%A8s_IP" title="Adrès IP – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Adrès IP" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-c%C3%ADm" title="IP-cím – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IP-cím" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5-%D6%83%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Այ-փի հասցեներ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այ-փի հասցեներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adresse_IP" title="Adresse IP – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Adresse IP" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamat_IP" title="Alamat IP – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alamat IP" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="IP address" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adreso_IP" title="Adreso IP – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Adreso IP" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-tala" title="IP-tala – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="IP-tala" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirizzo_IP" title="Indirizzo IP – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Indirizzo IP" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9" title="IPアドレス – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IPアドレス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamat_IP" title="Alamat IP – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alamat IP" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="IP-მისამართი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="IP-მისამართი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansa_IP" title="Tansa IP – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tansa IP" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="IP адрес – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="IP адрес" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%EC%A3%BC%EC%86%8C" title="IP 주소 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IP 주소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navn%C3%AE%C5%9Fana_IP" title="Navnîşana IP – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Navnîşana IP" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="IP-дарек – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="IP-дарек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adres" title="IP-adres – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="IP-adres" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adressa_IP" title="Adressa IP – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Adressa IP" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5" title="ໝາຍເລກໄອພີ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໝາຍເລກໄອພີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adresas" title="IP adresas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="IP adresas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adrese" title="IP adrese – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IP adrese" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="IP-адрес – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="IP-адрес" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohoanga_kawa_ipurangi" title="Nohoanga kawa ipurangi – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nohoanga kawa ipurangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="IP-адреса – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="IP-адреса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ഐ.പി. വിലാസം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐ.പി. വിലാസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3" title="IP хаяг – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="IP хаяг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamat_IP" title="Alamat IP – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alamat IP" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="အင်တာနက် ပရိုတိုကောလိပ်စာ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်တာနက် ပရိုတိုကောလိပ်စာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adres" title="IP-adres – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IP-adres" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adresse" title="IP-adresse – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="IP-adresse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adresse" title="IP-adresse – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IP-adresse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adre%C3%A7a_IP" title="Adreça IP – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adreça IP" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਆਈਪੀ ਪਤਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਈਪੀ ਪਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adr%C3%A8s" title="IP adrès – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="IP adrès" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adres_IP" title="Adres IP – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adres IP" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="آی پي ادرس – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آی پي ادرس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endere%C3%A7o_IP" title="Endereço IP – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Endereço IP" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_tiyakuy" title="IP tiyakuy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="IP tiyakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="IP-адрес – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IP-адрес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81" title="IP аадырыс – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="IP аадырыс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnirizzu_IP" title="Nnirizzu IP – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nnirizzu IP" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="IP address" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A1%D9%90_%D9%BE%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="آءِ پي ايڊريس – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آءِ پي ايڊريس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adresa" title="IP adresa – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IP adresa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92.%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93._%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="අයි.පී. ලිපිනය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයි.පී. ලිපිනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="IP address" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adresa_IP" title="Adresa IP – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adresa IP" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-naslov" title="IP-naslov – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="IP-naslov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adresa_IP" title="Adresa IP – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Adresa IP" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="IP адреса – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="IP адреса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adress" title="IP-adress – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="IP-adress" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="இணைய நெறிமுறை முகவரி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணைய நெறிமுறை முகவரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81" title="ఐ పీ అడ్రసు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐ పీ అడ్రసు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5" title="เลขที่อยู่ไอพี – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลขที่อยู่ไอพี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="IP address" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adresi" title="IP adresi – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IP adresi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="IP-адреса – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IP-адреса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%81" title="آئی پی پتہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئی پی پتہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-manzil" title="IP-manzil – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="IP-manzil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indariso_IP" title="Indariso IP – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Indariso IP" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BB%89_IP" title="Địa chỉ IP – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa chỉ IP" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-adres" title="IP-adres – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="IP-adres" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" title="IP地址 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="IP地址" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3" title="IP-მიოწურაფუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="IP-მიოწურაფუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A1" title="IP אדרעס – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="IP אדרעס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80d%C3%ADr%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BA%B9%CC%80s%C3%AC_IP" title="Àdírẹ́ẹ̀sì IP – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àdírẹ́ẹ̀sì IP" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" title="IP地址 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="IP地址" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%9A%9B%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E5%9D%80" title="網際協定位址 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="網際協定位址" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_t%C4%93-ch%C3%AD" title="IP tē-chí – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="IP tē-chí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%E4%BD%8D%E5%9D%80" title="IP位址 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="IP位址" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&amp;page=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;id=16645253&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdres%25C4%2583_IP"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdres%25C4%2583_IP"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Adres%C4%83+IP"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/IP" class="mw-disambig" title="IP">IP</a></b> (Internet Protocol) este un <a href="/wiki/Protocol" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Protocol">protocol</a> care asigură un serviciu de transmitere a datelor, fără conexiune permanentă. Acesta identifică fiecare <a href="/wiki/Interfa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Interfață">interfață</a> logică a echipamentelor conectate printr-un număr numit „adresă IP”. Versiunea de standard folosită în majoritatea cazurilor este <a href="/wiki/IPv4" class="mw-redirect" title="IPv4">IPv4</a>. În IPv4, standardul curent pentru comunicarea în <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, adresa IP este reprezentată pe 32 de biți (de ex. 192.168.0.1).<sup id="cite_ref-rfc791_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc791-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Alocarea adreselor IP nu este arbitrară; ea se face de către organizații însărcinate cu distribuirea de spații de adrese. De exemplu, <a href="/wiki/RIPE" title="RIPE">RIPE</a> este responsabilă cu gestiunea spațiului de adrese atribuit Europei. </p><p>Internetul este în proces de evoluție către versiunea următoare de IP, numită <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>, care practic așteaptă un utilizator major, care să oblige folosirea acestei versiuni superioare și de către alții. Ramurile Ministerului Apărării al <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=DoD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="DoD — pagină inexistentă">DoD</a>) au anunțat ca în decursul anilor <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> - <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> vor înceta relațiile cu furnizorii de servicii Internet care nu folosesc IPv6. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IPv4">IPv4</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: IPv4" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: IPv4"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ipv4_address_Romanian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ipv4_address_Romanian.svg/300px-Ipv4_address_Romanian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ipv4_address_Romanian.svg/450px-Ipv4_address_Romanian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ipv4_address_Romanian.svg/600px-Ipv4_address_Romanian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Formatul unei adrese IP în format zecimal și binar</figcaption></figure> <p>Adresele IPv4 au o lungime de 32 de biți (4 octeți). Fiecare adresă identifică o rețea (<i>network</i>) și o stație de lucru (<i>work station</i>) din cadrul rețelei. Notația obișnuită este obținută prin scrierea fiecărui octet în formă zecimală, separați între ei prin puncte. De exemplu, 192.168.0.1<sub>(10)</sub> este notația folosită pentru adresa 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001<sub>(2)</sub>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clase_de_adrese">Clase de adrese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clase de adrese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Clase de adrese"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La începuturile Internetului, adresele IPv4 se împărțeau în 5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clas%C4%83_de_adrese&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clasă de adrese — pagină inexistentă">clase de adrese</a>, notate de la A la E. Împărțirea se făcea în funcție de configurația binară a primului <a href="/wiki/Octet" title="Octet">octet</a> al adresei, astfel: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Clasa </th> <th>Primul octet în binar </th> <th>Prima adresă </th> <th>Ultima adresă </th> <th>Observații </th></tr> <tr> <th>A </th> <td>0xxxxxxx </td> <td>0.0.0.1 </td> <td>127.255.255.255 </td> <td>folosește 8 biți pentru rețea și 24 pentru stația de lucru </td></tr> <tr> <th>B </th> <td>10xxxxxx </td> <td>128.0.0.0 </td> <td>191.255.255.255 </td> <td>folosește 16 biți pentru rețea și 16 pentru stație </td></tr> <tr> <th>C </th> <td>110xxxxx </td> <td>192.0.0.0 </td> <td>223.255.255.255 </td> <td>folosește 24 biți pentru rețea și 8 pentru stație </td></tr> <tr> <th>D </th> <td>1110xxxx </td> <td>224.0.0.0 </td> <td>239.255.255.255 </td> <td>folosită pentru adresarea de tip <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multicast&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Multicast — pagină inexistentă">multicast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>E </th> <td>1111xxxx </td> <td>240.0.0.0 </td> <td>255.255.255.255 </td> <td>utilizată în scopuri experimentale </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Adresele rețelelor au toți biții de stație 0 și nu pot fi folosite pentru o stație. În plus, mai există și adrese de difuzare, care au toți biții de stație 1. </p><p>Pentru identificarea stațiilor se folosesc numai adresele de clasă A până la C. În plus, există două intervale de adrese de clasă A nefolosite în <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>: </p> <ul><li>Intervalul 0.0.0.0 - 0.255.255.255 nu se folosește, pentru a nu fi confundat cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rut%C4%83_implicit%C4%83_(rutare)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rută implicită (rutare) — pagină inexistentă">ruta implicită</a>;</li> <li>Intervalul 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 este folosit numai pentru diagnosticarea nodului local (întotdeauna acesta va fi cel care va răspunde la apelul unei adrese din aceasta clasă).</li></ul> <p>Din păcate, această metodă risipea multe adrese IP, iar odată cu răspândirea Internetului a apărut pericolul epuizării spațiului de adrese. Pentru a soluționa această problemă, la începutul anilor <a href="/wiki/Anii_1990" title="Anii 1990">'90</a> au fost concepute mai multe soluții: </p> <ul><li>adrese private</li> <li>CIDR</li> <li>VLSM</li></ul> <p>Metodele de mai sus aveau rolul de a prelungi viața lui IPv4. În plus, a fost conceput și un nou protocol, IPv6. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adrese_private">Adrese private</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese private" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese private"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dispozitivele neconectate la Internet nu au nevoie de o adresă IP unică. Pentru aceste dispozitive au fost standardizate adresele private. Aceste adrese nu sunt unice la nivelul Internetului și de aceea nu sunt rutate de <a href="/wiki/Ruter" title="Ruter">dispozitivele de nivel 3</a>. În <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918">RFC 1918</a> au fost definite trei intervale rezervate pentru adresare privată: </p> <ul><li>Adrese rezervate pentru clasa A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255</li> <li>Adrese rezervate pentru clasa B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255</li> <li>Adrese rezervate pentru clasa C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255</li></ul> <p>Nu este obligatoriu ca fiecare bloc de adrese să fie alocat unei singure rețele. De obicei, administratorul de rețea va împărți un bloc în subrețele; de exemplu, multe rutere pentru uz personal folosesc subrețeaua 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.0.255 (192.168.0.0/24). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subrețele"><span id="Subre.C8.9Bele"></span>Subrețele</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Subrețele" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Subrețele"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atât adresele IPv4 cât și cele IPv6 folosesc subnetarea, care constă în împărțirea adresei IP în două părți: adresa de rețea și adresa de stație. Folosind o mască de rețea, calculatorul poate determina unde să împartă adresa IP (conform standardului <a href="/w/index.php?title=RFC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="RFC — pagină inexistentă">RFC</a> 950). </p><p>Subnetarea a apărut ca soluție pentru problema epuizării spațiului de adrese IP. Odată cu subrețelele a apărut distincția între adresarea "<i>classfull</i>" (care ține cont de clasele de adrese) și adresarea "<i>classless</i>" (care oferă suportul pentru câmpul de subrețea). </p><p>În 1992 au fost introduse și mecanismele de rutare pentru adresarea classless. Aceste mecanisme vizau atât protocoalele de rutare (CIDR), cât și protocoalele rutate (VLSM). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="VLSM">VLSM</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: VLSM" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: VLSM"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VLSM (<i>Variable Length Subnet Mask</i>) este un procedeu care presupune precizarea unei măști de rețea pentru fiecare adresă asociată unei interfețe. Acest lucru permitea împărțirea unei clase de adrese în mai multe rețele de dimensiuni diferite, micșorând astfel irosirea de adrese IP. </p><p>De exemplu, pentru o rețea de 20 de calculatoare (stații) se puteau folosi acum doar 32 de adrese (o rețea /27), față de 256 de adrese (o rețea de clasă C, /24). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CIDR">CIDR</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: CIDR" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: CIDR"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CIDR (<i>Classless InterDomain Routing</i>) se referă la modul de reprezentare a adreselor IP în tabela de rutare și la modul de trimitere a mesajelor de actualizare. În notația CIDR, adresa IP este reținută întotdeauna împreună cu masca de rețea. De exemplu, o adresă IP de tipul 192.0.2.1, cu masca 255.255.255.0, ar fi scrisă în notația CIDR ca 192.0.2.1/24, deoarece primii 24 de biți din adresa IP indică subrețeaua. </p><p>Faptul că în tabela de rutare este precizată și masca de rețea permite agregarea (unirea) rețelelor vecine, reducând dimensiunea tabelei de rutare. De exemplu, rețelele 192.0.2.0/24 și 192.0.3.0/24 vor fi reținute ca 192.0.2.0/23: </p> <pre>192.0.2.0/24 = 11000000.00000000.00000010. / 00000000 192.0.3.0/24 = 11000000.00000000.00000011. / 00000000 ----------------------------------------------------- 192.0.2.0/23 = 11000000.00000000.0000001 / 0.00000000 </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IPv6">IPv6</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: IPv6" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: IPv6"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Pentru mai multe detalii, vedeți <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ipv6_address_Romanian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ipv6_address_Romanian.svg/300px-Ipv6_address_Romanian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ipv6_address_Romanian.svg/450px-Ipv6_address_Romanian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ipv6_address_Romanian.svg/600px-Ipv6_address_Romanian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>O adresă IPv6 în binar și hexazecimal</figcaption></figure> <p>IPv6 este un protocol dezvoltat pentru a înlocui IPv4 în <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. Adresele au o lungime de 128 <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">biți</a> (16 <a href="/wiki/Octet" title="Octet">octeți</a>), ceea ce este considerat suficient pentru o perioadă îndelungată. Teoretic există 2<sup>128</sup>, sau aproximativ 3,403 × 10<sup>38</sup> adrese unice. Lungimea mare a adresei permite împărțirea în blocuri de dimensiuni mari și implicit devine posibilă introducerea unor informații suplimentare de rutare în adresă. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, toate distribuțiile moderne de <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, precum și foarte multe alte sisteme de operare includ suport "nativ" pentru acest protocol. Cu toate acestea, IPv6 nu este încă folosit pe scară largă de către furnizorii de acces și servicii Internet, numiți <i>Internet Service Providers</i> sau <a href="/wiki/ISP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISP">ISP</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notație"><span id="Nota.C8.9Bie"></span>Notație</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Notație" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Notație"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adresele IPv6 sunt scrise de cele mai multe ori sub forma a 8 grupuri de câte 4 cifre <a href="/wiki/Sistem_hexazecimal" title="Sistem hexazecimal">hexazecimale</a>, fiecare grup fiind separat de două puncte (:). De exemplu, <code>2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334</code> este o adresă IPv6 corectă. </p><p>Dacă unul sau mai multe din grupurile de 4 cifre este 0000, zerourile pot fi omise și înlocuite cu două semne două puncte(::). De exemplu, <code>2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab</code> se prescurtează <code>2001:0db8::1428:57ab</code>. Această prescurtare poate fi făcută o singură dată, altfel ar putea apărea confuzii cu privire la numărul de câmpuri omise. Plecând de la adresa <code>2001:0000:0000:ffd3:0000:0000:0000:57ab</code>, prescurtarea <code>2001::ffd3::57ab</code> ar putea să însemne <code>2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffd3:0000:57ab</code>, <code>2001:0000:ffd3:0000:0000:0000:0000:57ab</code>, sau altă combinație similară. Zerourile de la începutul unui grup pot fi de asemenea omise, ca de exemplu în adresa localhost <code>::1</code>. </p><p>Toate adresele de mai jos sunt corecte și echivalente: </p> <pre>2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000::1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0:0:0:0:1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0:0::1428:57ab 2001:0db8::1428:57ab 2001:db8::1428:57ab </pre> <p>Ultimii 4 octeți ai unei adrese IPv6 pot fi scriși în zecimal, folosind ca separator un punct. Această notație este folosită în adresele IPv6 compatibile IPv4 (vezi mai jos). Forma generală este <code>x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d</code> unde x reprezintă cifre hexazecimale din primele 6 grupuri, iar d corespunde unei număr zecimal (între 0 și 255), ca și în adresele IPv4. De exemplu, <code>::ffff:12.34.56.78</code> este aceeași adresă cu <code>::ffff:0c22:384e</code> și cu <code>0:0:0:0:0:ffff:0c22:384e</code>. Acest mod de scriere este învechit și nu este folosit decât de unele aplicații. </p><p>Mai multe informații pot fi găsite în <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291">RFC 4291</a> - IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adrese_de_rețea"><span id="Adrese_de_re.C8.9Bea"></span>Adrese de rețea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese de rețea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese de rețea"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adresele de rețea IPv6 sunt scrise folosind notația CIDR. O rețea (sau subrețea) IPv6 este un grup continuu de adrese IPv6 a cărui mărime trebuie să fie putere a lui 2; primii biți ai adreselor, identici pentru toate adresele din rețea, formează prefixul rețelei. </p><p>O rețea este reprezentată de prima adresă din rețea și de mărimea prefixului în biți, separate de "/". De exemplu, <code>2001:0db8:1234::/48</code> este rețeaua cu adresele <code>2001:0db8:1234:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000</code> până la <code>2001:0db8:1234:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff</code> </p><p>Deoarece un calculator poate fi văzut ca o rețea cu prefixul 128, adresele sunt câteodată urmate de /128. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adrese_publice">Adrese publice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese publice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese publice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adrese_unicast">Adrese unicast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese unicast" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese unicast"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adresele unicast IPv6 folosite pentru adresarea pe Internet trebuie să aibă prefixul 2000::/3, adică sunt cuprinse între 2000:: și 3fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adrese_multicast">Adrese multicast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese multicast" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese multicast"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adrese multicast reprezinta modalitatea prin care un echipament poate trimite un mesaj catre un grup de echipamente ce se afla fie in reteaua locala, fie in alte retele. Spre deosebire de broadcast, multicast nu este suportat de toate echipamentele (in special de cele mai vechi) si depinde foarte mult de modul in care sunt configurate routerele ce fac legatura intre retele. </p><p>Deoarece mesajele multicast au o sursa si un numar nedefinit de destinatii este necesar sa se foloseasca la nivelul transport un protocol ce nu contine conexiuni. Ca si in cazul broadcast, multicast foloseste protocolul UDP cu toate avantajele si dezavantajele sale. Ca si in cazul broadcast adresa IP a mesajului broadcast nu este adresa specifica a unui echipament, ci este o adresa IP ce are o valoare speciala. Concret, este vorba de o adresa IP din clasa D. Adresele IP se impart pe clase in functie de valoarea octetului cel mai semnificativ, conform tabelului. </p><p>Clasa Valoare octet semnificativ Interval adrese IP </p><p>A 0XXXXXXX 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 </p><p>B 10XXXXXX 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255 </p><p>C 110XXXXX 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255 </p><p>D 1110XXXX 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255 </p><p>E 1111XXXX 240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255 </p><p>În rest, trimiterea unui mesaj multicast nu difera cu nimic fata de trimiterea unui mesaj UDP unicast(catre o singura destinatie). Intern, pe baza clasei adresei IP destinatia, sistemul determina faptul ca este vorba de un mesaj multicast si determina adresa MAC destinatie folosind urmatorul algoritm: </p><p>- Primii 3 octeti (cei mai semnificativi) ai adresei MAC destinatie au valoarea 01-00-5E </p><p>- Ultimii 3 octeti (cei mai putin seminificativi) ai adresei MAC se obtin prin aplicarea mastii 7F-FF-FF peste ultimii 3 octeti (cei mai putin semnificativi) ai adresei IP destinatie </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adrese_anycast">Adrese anycast</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese anycast" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese anycast"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adrese_private_2">Adrese private</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese private" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese private"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asemenea rezervărilor IPv4 pentru adrese private sau rețele interne închise, există și adrese IPv6 rezervate pentru spațiul privat de adresare. În IPv6, acestea se numesc Adrese Local Unice (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">Unique Local Addresses</span> - ULA). <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4193">RFC 4193</a> rezervă prefixul fc00::/7 în acest scop, împărțindu-l în 2 spații /8 cu politici implicite diferite pentru fiecare spatiu (cfm. IPv6). Adresele includ un număr aleator de 40 de biți care minimizează riscul unei coliziuni de adrese în cazul conectării a 2 spații private sau pachetele sunt rutate greșit. </p><p>Proiectele inițiale (<a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3513">RFC 3513</a>) foloseau alt bloc de adrese în acest scop (fec0::), denumite și adrese specifice unei locații. Din păcate definiția a ceea ce sunt reprezintă locațiile (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">site</span>) a rămas neclară și politicile de adresare prost definite creau ambiguități în algoritmul de rutare. Blocul respectiv de adrese a fost abandonat și trebuie să nu mai fie utilizat în sistemele noi. </p><p>Adresele ce încep cu fe80: - numite adrese link-local - sunt atribuite în zona local link. Adresele sunt generate automat de către nivelul IP al sistemului de operare pentru fiecare interfață de rețea. Aceasta asigură conectivitate la rețea automată și instantanee pentru orice host IPv6 și semnifică faptul că mai multe host-uri conectate la un hub sau switch comun au o cale de comunicare garantată prin adrese local-link. Această funcționalitate este utilizată extensiv și invizibil pentru majoritatea utilizatorilor, în nivelele inferioare ale administrării rețelelor IPv6 (Neighbor Discovery Protocol). </p><p>Toate prefixele atribuite adreselor private nu sunt rutate pe Internet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adrese_locale">Adrese locale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese locale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese locale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adrese_IPv6_mapate_peste_IPv4">Adrese IPv6 mapate peste IPv4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese IPv6 mapate peste IPv4" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese IPv6 mapate peste IPv4"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pentru a permite trecerea fără probleme de la IPv4 la IPv6, au fost imaginate diferite metode de alocare automată a unor adrese IPv6 plecând de la adrese IPv4: </p> <ul><li><code>::ffff:0:0/96</code> — acest prefix este folosit pentru adrese IPv4 mapate.</li> <li><code>2001::/32</code> — folosit pentru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunelare_Teredo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunelare Teredo — pagină inexistentă">Tunelare Teredo</a>.</li> <li><code>2002::/16</code> — folosit pentru adresare <a href="/w/index.php?title=6to4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="6to4 — pagină inexistentă">6to4</a>.</li></ul> <p>În plus, mai exista și prefixul <code>::/96</code> (adresă cu primii 96 de biți 0). Adresele din acest spațiu erau cunoscute inițial ca „adrese compatibile IPV4" și aveau ultimii 32 de biți egali cu adresa IPv4 a gazdei. <a href="/wiki/IETF" title="IETF">IETF</a> a declarat acest bloc de adrese depășit prin publicarea <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291">RFC 4291</a>. Singura utilizare a acestui prefix rămâne reprezentarea unor adrese IPv4 și Pv6 într-un același tabel sau bază de date cu coloane de dimensiune fixă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adrese_statice_și_dinamice"><span id="Adrese_statice_.C8.99i_dinamice"></span>Adrese statice și dinamice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Adrese statice și dinamice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Adrese statice și dinamice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NAT">NAT</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: NAT" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: NAT"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NAT (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">network address translation</span> - translatarea adresei de rețea) este un procedeu prin care <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antet — pagină inexistentă">antetul</a> pachetelor IP este modificat pentru a transforma adresa IP sursă sau destinație într-o alta. </p><p>În prezent, cea mai frecventă utilizare pentru NAT este maparea mai multor adrese private pe o singură adresă publică. Această utilizare este cunoscută ca PAT (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">port address translation</span>) sau NAPT (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">network address port translation</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rfc791-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc791_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Postel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Postel — pagină inexistentă">J. Postel</a>, ed. (septembrie 1981). <i>Internet Protocol, DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification</i>. <a href="/wiki/IETF" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Request_for_Comments&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Request for Comments — pagină inexistentă">RFC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc791">791</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"><img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Internet+Protocol%2C+DARPA+Internet+Program+Protocol+Specification&amp;rft.pub=IETF&amp;rft.date=1981-09&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc791&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAdres%C4%83+IP" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> Updated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Format:IETF_RFC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Format:IETF RFC — pagină inexistentă">Format:IETF RFC</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080608211822/http://www.ipv6.org/impl/linux.html">„Linux IPv6 Implementation”</a>. ipv6.org. <time datetime="2003-03-20">20 martie 2003</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipv6.org/impl/linux.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-06-08">8 iunie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-06-06">6 iunie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Linux+IPv6+Implementation&amp;rft.pub=ipv6.org&amp;rft.date=2003-03-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipv6.org%2Fimpl%2Flinux.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAdres%C4%83+IP" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_pentru_Internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol pentru Internet">Protocol pentru Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping" title="Ping">Ping</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnc.ro">RNC (Rețeaua Națională de Calculatoare)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021127172450/http://rnc.ro/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2002-11-27">27 noiembrie 2002</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adresaip.ro">AdresaIP(Află ce adresă IP ai)</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://megahost.ro/blog/ce-este-o-adresa-ip-am-nevoie-de-o-adresa-ip.html">IP = Internet Protocol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizații_însărcinate_cu_distribuirea_de_spații_de_adrese"><span id="Organiza.C8.9Bii_.C3.AEns.C4.83rcinate_cu_distribuirea_de_spa.C8.9Bii_de_adrese"></span>Organizații însărcinate cu distribuirea de spații de adrese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Organizații însărcinate cu distribuirea de spații de adrese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adres%C4%83_IP&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Organizații însărcinate cu distribuirea de spații de adrese"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iana.org">IANA</a> (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ripe.net">RIPE</a> (pentru Europa, Orientul Mijlociu și părți din Africa și Asia)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrinic.net">AfriNIC</a> (pentru Africa)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; 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