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Linda B. Buck – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Linda B. Buck</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 74 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Бак, Линда – południowoałtajski" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Бак, Линда" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="południowoałtajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83" title="ليندا باك – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليندا باك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="লিণ্ডা ব্ৰাউন বাক – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিণ্ডা ব্ৰাউন বাক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Bak" title="Linda B. Bak – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Linda B. Bak" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="لیندا باک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیندا باک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="লিন্ডা বি. বাক – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিন্ডা বি. বাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Линда Бак – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Линда Бак" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Лінда Бак – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лінда Бак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BA" title="Линда Бък – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Линда Бък" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buckov%C3%A1" title="Linda B. Bucková – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Linda B. Bucková" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BA" title="Λίντα Μπακ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίντα Μπακ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Linda Buck" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Linda Buck" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="لیندا باک – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیندا باک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%B0%EB%8B%A4_B._%EB%B2%85" title="린다 B. 벅 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="린다 B. 벅" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Լինդա Բակ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լինդա Բակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95" title="लिंडा बी बक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिंडा बी बक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Brown_Buck" title="Linda Brown Buck – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Linda Brown Buck" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linda Buck" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A7" title="לינדה באק – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לינדה באק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ლინდა ბაკი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლინდა ბაკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Линда Бак – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Линда Бак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Linda Buck" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Baka" title="Linda Baka – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Linda Baka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Linda Buck" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ലിന്ഡാ ബി. ബക്ക് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിന്ഡാ ബി. ബക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83_(%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="ليندا باك (دكتوره من امريكا) – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليندا باك (دكتوره من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="لیندا باک – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیندا باک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Линда Бак – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Линда Бак" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="リンダ・バック – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リンダ・バック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Linda Buck" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95" title="ਲਿੰਡਾ ਬੱਕ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿੰਡਾ ਬੱਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="لنڈا بک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لنڈا بک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Brown_Buck" title="Linda Brown Buck – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Linda Brown Buck" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linda Buck" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Бак, Линда – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бак, Линда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buckov%C3%A1" title="Linda B. Bucková – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Linda B. Bucková" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="لیندا بڕاون باک – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیندا بڕاون باک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Линда Б. Бак – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Линда Б. Бак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Linda Buck" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="லிண்டா பக் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லிண்டா பக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Линда Бак – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Линда Бак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF._%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="లిండా బి. బక్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిండా బి. బక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Линда Бак – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Линда Бак" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Бак, Линда – tuwiński" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Бак, Линда" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuwiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Лінда Бак – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінда Бак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="لنڈابی بک – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لنڈابی بک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Linda B. Buck" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%B3%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B" title="琳达·巴克 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="琳达·巴克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Linda B. 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.infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Linda Brown Buck</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:LindaBuck_cropped_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Linda Buck na Golden Plate Award w 2004 roku"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/LindaBuck_cropped_1.jpg/160px-LindaBuck_cropped_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/LindaBuck_cropped_1.jpg/240px-LindaBuck_cropped_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/LindaBuck_cropped_1.jpg/320px-LindaBuck_cropped_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />Linda Buck na Golden Plate Award w 2004 roku </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i&#160;miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">29 stycznia 1947</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">doktor nauk biologicznych </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Texas_Southwestern_Medical_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (strona nie istnieje)">University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black);"> <td colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhmi.org/scientists/linda-b-buck">Strona internetowa</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Linda Brown Buck</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/29_stycznia" title="29 stycznia">29 stycznia</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> w <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">amerykańska</a> biolog i immunolog, w <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> otrzymała wraz z <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richardem Axelem</a> <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Nagrodę Nobla</a> za swoje osiągnięcia w badaniach nad <a href="/wiki/Receptory_w%C4%99chowe" title="Receptory węchowe">receptorami węchowymi</a> i układem węchowym. </p><p>Linda Buck i Richard Axel odkryli, w jaki sposób nos człowieka rozpoznaje, a jego mózg zapamiętuje około 10 tysięcy różnych <a href="/wiki/Zapach" title="Zapach">zapachów</a>. Sklonowali oni geny kodujące <a href="/wiki/Receptor" title="Receptor">receptory</a> węchowe i wykazali, że należą one do rodziny <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ko" class="mw-redirect" title="Białko">białek</a> – receptorów sprzężonych z białkiem G. Na podstawie analizy <a href="/wiki/Kwas_deoksyrybonukleinowy" title="Kwas deoksyrybonukleinowy">DNA</a> <a href="/wiki/Szczur" title="Szczur">szczura</a> ocenili, że w genomie ssaczym znajduje się około tysiąca genów kodujących receptory węchowe<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. W dalszych pracach wykazali, że każdy neuron węchowy zawiera tylko jeden rodzaj receptora węchowego, i że informacje ze wszystkich neuronów, w których zachodzi ekspresja tego samego receptora, są zbierane w pojedynczym kłębuszku <a href="/wiki/Opuszka_w%C4%99chowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Opuszka węchowa">opuszki węchowej</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Linda Buck ukończyła studia w zakresie psychologii i <a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologia" title="Mikrobiologia">mikrobiologii</a> na University of Washington w Seattle. W <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> otrzymała tytuł doktora w dziedzinie <a href="/wiki/Immunologia" title="Immunologia">immunologii</a> na University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center w <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>. Staż podoktorski odbyła na <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> pod kierunkiem Richarda Axela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_B._Buck&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_B._Buck&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/buck.html">http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/buck.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041209060448/http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/2004/buck-cv.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20041209060448/http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/2004/buck-cv.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717011515/http://myprofile.cos.com/lbuck">https://web.archive.org/web/20120717011515/http://myprofile.cos.com/lbuck</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_B._Buck&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_B._Buck&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi pmid nourl c"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Linda</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Linda" style="display:none">L.</span>&#160;</span><span class="cite-lastname">Buck</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none">&#160;<span class="cite-name-full">Linda</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Linda">L.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Richard</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Richard" style="display:none">R.</span>&#160;</span><span class="cite-lastname">Axel</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none">&#160;<span class="cite-name-full">Richard</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Richard">R.</span></span>, <i>A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Cell_(czasopismo)" title="Cell (czasopismo)">Cell</a>”, 65 (1), <span title="5 kwietnia 1991">1991</span>, s.&#160;175-187, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>:&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2891%2990418-X">10.1016/0092-8674(91)90418-X</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>:&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1840504">1840504</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft.gengre=article&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.date=1991-04-05&amp;rft.atitle=A+novel+multigene+family+may+encode+odorant+receptors%3A+a+molecular+basis+for+odor+recognition&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell&amp;rft.volume=65&amp;rft.edition=1&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1840504&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0092-8674%2891%2990418-X" style="display:none">&#160;</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal doi pmid nourl c"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">John</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="John" style="display:none">J.</span>&#160;</span><span class="cite-lastname">Ngal</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none">&#160;<span class="cite-name-full">John</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="John">J.</span></span><span class="cite-at-al" title="John Ngal, Michael M. Dowling, Linda Buck, Richard Axel, Andrew Chess"> i inni</span>, <i>The family of genes encoding odorant receptors in the channel catfish</i>, „<a href="/wiki/Cell_(czasopismo)" title="Cell (czasopismo)">Cell</a>”, 72 (5), <span title="12 marca 1993">1993</span>, s.&#160;657-666, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>:&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2893%2990395-7">10.1016/0092-8674(93)90395-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a>:&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7916654">7916654</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft.gengre=article&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.date=1993-03-12&amp;rft.atitle=The+family+of+genes+encoding+odorant+receptors+in+the+channel+catfish&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell&amp;rft.volume=72&amp;rft.edition=5&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7916654&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0092-8674%2893%2990395-7" style="display:none">&#160;</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy 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.navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Medycyna" title="Szablon:Nobel Medycyna"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Medycyna" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Medycyna"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Medycyna&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Paw%C5%82ow" title="Iwan Pawłow">Pawłow</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laveran" title="Charles Laveran">Laveran</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Miecznikow" title="Ilja Miecznikow">Miecznikow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Richet</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Meyerhof" title="Otto Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C.Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G.Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Müller">Müller</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egas_Moniz" title="Egas Moniz">Moniz</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lipmann" title="Fritz Lipmann">Lipmann</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Forßmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa_de_Albornoz" title="Severo Ochoa de Albornoz">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Huxley</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Huggins" title="Charles Huggins">Huggins</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Day_Hershey" title="Alfred Day Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_Jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.">Sutherland</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Porter</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Snell" title="George Snell">Snell</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">Vane</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_K._Jerne" title="Niels K. Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hitchings" title="George Hitchings">Hitchings</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Varmus</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman" title="Alfred Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Doherty" title="Peter Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Zinkernagel" title="Rolf Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Prusiner</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Furchgott" title="Robert Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Robert_Horvitz" title="Howard Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">Sulston</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buck</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" title="Craig C. Mello">Mello</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ya_Yamanaka" title="Shin’ya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M.-B. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_O%E2%80%99Keefe" title="John O’Keefe">O’Keefe</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_%C5%8Csumi" title="Yoshinori Ōsumi">Ōsumi</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ratcliffe" title="Peter Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Alter" title="Harvey Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000054732726">0000000054732726</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-8961">0000-0001-6735-8961</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/2449585">2449585</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n87806617">n87806617</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/1140791699">1140791699</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/c9prvttw5pqljzc">c9prvttw5pqljzc</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/xx0148114">xx0148114</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810660899605606">9810660899605606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000344514&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">000344514</a></span></li></ul></div><div 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class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&amp;url_prefix=https://snl.no/&amp;id=Linda_B._Buck">Linda_B._Buck</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0279597.xml">0279597</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&amp;url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&amp;id=Linda_Buck">Linda_Buck</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=68162">68162</a></span></li></ul> </div><div 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