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Orbite de halo — Wikipédia

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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orbite de halo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 20 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halowentelbaan" title="Halowentelbaan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Halowentelbaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F" title="हैलो ऑर्बिट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हैलो ऑर्बिट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rbita_d%27halo" title="Òrbita d&#039;halo – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Òrbita d&#039;halo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo-Orbit" title="Halo-Orbit – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halo-Orbit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_orbit" title="Halo orbit – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Halo orbit" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita_de_halo" title="Órbita de halo – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Órbita de halo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="مدار هاله – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدار هاله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita_halo" title="Orbita halo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orbita halo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="ハロー軌道 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハロー軌道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%BC%EB%A1%9C_%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84" title="헤일로 궤도 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤일로 궤도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halobane" title="Halobane – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halobane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гало-орбита – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гало-орбита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_orbit" title="Halo orbit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Halo orbit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_orbita" title="Halo orbita – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Halo orbita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halobana" title="Halobana – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Halobana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="ஒளியியல் வட்டணை – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒளியியல் வட்டணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_y%C3%B6r%C3%BCnge" title="Halo yörünge – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halo yörünge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гало-орбіта – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гало-орбіта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%B9_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o_halo" title="Quỹ đạo halo – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quỹ đạo halo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%95%E8%BD%AE%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="晕轮轨道 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="晕轮轨道" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1133479#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_halo" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Orbite_de_halo" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_halo"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_halo"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Orbite_de_halo" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Orbite_de_halo" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;oldid=182303873" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=Orbite_de_halo&amp;id=182303873&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lagrange_points2.svg/220px-Lagrange_points2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lagrange_points2.svg/330px-Lagrange_points2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lagrange_points2.svg/440px-Lagrange_points2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="923" /></a><figcaption>Schéma montrant le potentiel effectif d'un <a href="/wiki/Probl%C3%A8me_%C3%A0_deux_corps" title="Problème à deux corps">système à deux corps</a> (ici le soleil et la terre), montrant les 5 <a href="/wiki/Point_de_Lagrange" title="Point de Lagrange">points de Lagrange</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Les <b><a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">orbites</a> de halo</b> sont une famille particulière d'<a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_Lissajous" title="Orbite de Lissajous">orbites de Lissajous</a>, fermées autour d'un <a href="/wiki/Point_de_Lagrange" title="Point de Lagrange">point de Lagrange</a> ou suivant les lignes d'équipotentiel gravitationnel aux abords de ceux-ci. Elles sont périodiques et, contrairement aux <a href="/wiki/Exposant_de_Lyapunov" class="mw-redirect" title="Exposant de Lyapunov">orbites de Lyapunov</a>, ne sont pas toutes comprises dans le plan orbital des deux corps célestes&#160;: si les plus proches du point L<sub>2</sub> se trouvent dans le plan orbital des différents <a href="/wiki/Points_de_Lagrange" class="mw-redirect" title="Points de Lagrange">points de Lagrange</a>, elles s'en éloignent au fur et à mesure que l'on déplace l'orbite vers le deuxième corps où elles deviennent quasi perpendiculaires à ce plan. Cette orbite est alors une ellipse dont un des foyers est le deuxième corps du système à l'origine des points de Lagrange<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Dans le <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Terre-Lune" title="Système Terre-Lune">système Terre-Lune</a>, elle est appelée NRHO (<a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_halo_presque_rectiligne" title="Orbite de halo presque rectiligne">Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit</a>) et est envisagée comme trajectoire quasi-polaire autour de la <a href="/wiki/Lune" title="Lune">Lune</a> pour le <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Platform-Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway">Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway</a> de la <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette trajectoire sera également celle de la mise en orbite de <a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE_(sonde_spatiale)" class="mw-redirect" title="CAPSTONE (sonde spatiale)"><i>CAPSTONE</i></a>, sonde spatiale ayant pour objectif de vérifier la stabilité de l'orbite<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le nom "orbites de halo" a été inventé par <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Farquhar" title="Robert W. Farquhar">Robert W. Farquhar</a> en 1968 dans sa thèse de doctorat en astronautique<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbite_de_halo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="aisolutionsinc2017"><span class="nom_auteur">aisolutionsinc</span>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5O77OV9_ek"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit Explained and Visualized</cite></a>&#160;», <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-07-28" data-sort-value="2017-07-28">28 juillet 2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-03-06" data-sort-value="2018-03-06">6 mars 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2017"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/20170724-ppe-rfi-industry-forum-v5.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Request for Information &amp; Synopsis Virtual Industry Forum</cite></a>&#160;» <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe">&#91;PDF&#93;</abbr>, sur <span class="italique">nasa.gov</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-07-24" data-sort-value="2017-07-24">24 juillet 2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-03-06" data-sort-value="2018-03-06">6 mars 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/espace/systeme-solaire/un-cubesat-pour-preparer-la-mission-de-la-station-lunaire_137504"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Un CubeSat pour préparer la mission de la station lunaire</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Sciences et Avenir</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-07-30" data-sort-value="2020-07-30">30 juillet 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Farquhar1968"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_W._Farquhar1968"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Robert W. Farquhar, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Control and Use of Libration-Point Satellites</cite>, Stanford, Californie, Stanford University, <time>1968</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Control+and+Use+of+Libration-Point+Satellites&amp;rft.place=Stanford%2C+Californie&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University&amp;rft.aulast=Farquhar&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AOrbite+de+halo"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Orbites" title="Modèle:Palette Orbites"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Orbites&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite">Orbites</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Général</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_en_bo%C3%AEte" title="Orbite en boîte">Orbite en boîte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_circulaire" title="Orbite circulaire">Circulaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_d%27attente" title="Orbite d&#39;attente">Orbite d'attente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajectoire_parabolique" title="Trajectoire parabolique">Orbite d'évasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_rebut" title="Orbite de rebut">Orbite de rebut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_elliptique" title="Orbite elliptique">Elliptique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_elliptique_%C3%A9lev%C3%A9e" title="Orbite elliptique élevée">Elliptique élevée</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_inclin%C3%A9e" title="Orbite inclinée">Orbite inclinée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_non_inclin%C3%A9e" title="Orbite non inclinée">Orbite non inclinée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_osculatrice" title="Orbite osculatrice">Osculatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_synchrone" title="Orbite synchrone">Synchrone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_semi-synchrone" title="Orbite semi-synchrone">Semi-synchrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_sous-synchrone" title="Orbite sous-synchrone">Sous-synchrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_super-synchrone" title="Orbite super-synchrone">Super-synchrone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajectoire_hyperbolique" title="Trajectoire hyperbolique">Trajectoire hyperbolique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajectoire_parabolique" title="Trajectoire parabolique">Trajectoire parabolique</a> (capture)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Orbite_terrestre" title="Orbite terrestre">Géocentrique</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_h%C3%A9liosynchrone" title="Orbite héliosynchrone">Orbite héliosynchrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_g%C3%A9ostationnaire" title="Orbite géostationnaire">Géostationnaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_g%C3%A9osynchrone" title="Orbite géosynchrone">Géosynchrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_Molnia" title="Orbite de Molnia">Orbite de Molnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_polaire" title="Orbite polaire">Polaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_quasi_%C3%A9quatoriale" title="Orbite quasi équatoriale">Quasi équatoriale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_terrestre_basse" title="Orbite terrestre basse">Terrestre basse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_terrestre_moyenne" title="Orbite terrestre moyenne">Terrestre moyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_terrestre_haute" title="Orbite terrestre haute">Terrestre haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_toundra" title="Orbite toundra">Toundra</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Non géocentrique</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_ar%C3%A9ocentrique" title="Orbite aréocentrique">Aréocentrique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_ar%C3%A9osynchrone" title="Orbite aréosynchrone">Aréosynchrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_ar%C3%A9ostationnaire" title="Orbite aréostationnaire">Aréostationnaire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_h%C3%A9liocentrique" title="Orbite héliocentrique">Héliocentrique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_h%C3%A9liostationnaire" title="Orbite héliostationnaire">Héliostationnaire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_Lissajous" title="Orbite de Lissajous">Lissajous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_s%C3%A9l%C3%A9nocentrique" title="Orbite sélénocentrique">Sélénocentrique</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Paramètres</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px;">Classiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{o}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{o}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/27280153fdde274f27fcbf67ab81b21c50f5eadb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:3.671ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{o}\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Anomalie_moyenne" title="Anomalie moyenne">Anomalie moyenne</a> à l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89poque_(astronomie)" title="Époque (astronomie)">époque</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03C9;<!-- ω --></mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92658a4da1783d12cb53c1fffc24b29b4963f20f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.833ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega \,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Argument_du_p%C3%A9riastre" title="Argument du périastre">Argument du périastre</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/99a94f96d2455b9d7faf3cec3eb02ab3c455aec1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.617ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Grand_axe" title="Grand axe">Demi-grand axe</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>e</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32308a9beabe5e8a2c683aa285cfd6e8abafb02c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.471ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Excentricit%C3%A9_orbitale" title="Excentricité orbitale">Excentricité</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea0042f70417500ed06b77bf2b87ef913cd3127b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.19ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Inclinaison_orbitale" title="Inclinaison orbitale">Inclinaison</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x03A9;<!-- Ω --></mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/93847015f621d7ad9940329db05ee4cfa7ee0689" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.065ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega \,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Longitude_du_n%C5%93ud_ascendant" title="Longitude du nœud ascendant">Longitude du nœud ascendant</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:50px;">Autres</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1592db19e68e9789c5ed320d611f7c9a328341cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.163ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Anomalie_excentrique" title="Anomalie excentrique">Anomalie excentrique</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/817715b4ce1e4f00fa003b902c5d71ad172df22e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.619ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu \,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Anomalie_vraie" title="Anomalie vraie">Anomalie vraie</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cb1dfcc2fcd791aacf48286147257b507b009e78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Petit_axe" title="Petit axe">Demi-petit axe</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03F5;<!-- ϵ --></mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0908a81825c617639f3401ee1f29c4aae45b5c78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.331ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon \,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Excentricit%C3%A9_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Excentricité (mathématiques)">Excentricité</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/09a0c8422640181668bbefa6f5d5481dbc1f03df" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.97ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Longitude_moyenne" title="Longitude moyenne">Longitude moyenne</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle l\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>l</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle l\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b29435a849761c988f6c160c9e8bd9dda302c319" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.08ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle l\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Longitude_vraie" title="Longitude vraie">Longitude vraie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Param%C3%A8tres_orbitaux_%C3%A0_deux_lignes" title="Paramètres orbitaux à deux lignes">Paramètres orbitaux à deux lignes</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e6be5af8259cedf1aac5ae3f6a5fad65ec2ef87" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.023ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\,\!}"></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_de_r%C3%A9volution" title="Période de révolution">Période orbitale</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Man%C5%93uvre_orbitale" title="Manœuvre orbitale">Manœuvres</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rofreinage" title="Aérofreinage">Aérofreinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistance_gravitationnelle" title="Assistance gravitationnelle">Assistance gravitationnelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_balistique" title="Capture balistique">Capture balistique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilan_des_modifications_du_vecteur_vitesse" title="Bilan des modifications du vecteur vitesse">Bilan des modifications du vecteur vitesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correction_d%27inclinaison" title="Correction d&#39;inclinaison">Correction d'inclinaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correction_du_phasage" title="Correction du phasage">Correction du phasage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effet_Oberth" title="Effet Oberth">Effet Oberth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vitement_de_collision" title="Évitement de collision">Évitement de collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_transfert_g%C3%A9ostationnaire" title="Orbite de transfert géostationnaire">Orbite de transfert géostationnaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendez-vous_spatial" title="Rendez-vous spatial">Rendez-vous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotation_gravitationnelle" title="Rotation gravitationnelle">Rotation gravitationnelle</a> (Trajectoire à incidence nulle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfert_%C3%A0_faible_%C3%A9nergie" title="Transfert à faible énergie">Transfert à faible énergie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfert_bi-elliptique" title="Transfert bi-elliptique">Transfert bi-elliptique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbite_de_transfert#Orbite_de_transfert_de_Hohmann" title="Orbite de transfert">Transfert de Hohmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition,_amarrage_et_extraction" title="Transposition, amarrage et extraction">Transposition, amarrage et extraction</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Mécanique<br />orbitale</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apside" title="Apside">Apsides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riapside" title="Périapside">Périapside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apoapside" title="Apoapside">Apoapside</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_orbitale_sp%C3%A9cifique" title="Énergie orbitale spécifique">Énergie orbitale spécifique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89poque_(astronomie)" title="Époque (astronomie)">Époque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ph%C3%A9m%C3%A9ride_(astronomie)" title="Éphéméride (astronomie)">Éphéméride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quation_de_Kepler" title="Équation de Kepler">Équation de Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quation_d%27orbite" title="Équation d&#39;orbite">Équation d'orbite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_de_Kepler" title="Lois de Kepler">Lois de Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moment_cin%C3%A9tique_sp%C3%A9cifique" title="Moment cinétique spécifique">Moment cinétique spécifique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_k%C3%A9pl%C3%A9rien" title="Mouvement képlérien">Mouvement képlérien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_prograde_ou_r%C3%A9trograde" title="Mouvement prograde ou rétrograde">Rétrograde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perturbation_(astronomie)" title="Perturbation (astronomie)">Perturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_de_Lagrange" title="Point de Lagrange">Point de Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probl%C3%A8me_%C3%A0_N_corps" title="Problème à N corps">Problème à N corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probl%C3%A8me_%C3%A0_deux_corps" title="Problème à deux corps">Problème à deux corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_transport_interplan%C3%A9taire" title="Réseau de transport interplanétaire">Réseau de transport interplanétaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_coordonn%C3%A9es_%C3%A9quatoriales" title="Système de coordonnées équatoriales">Système de coordonnées équatoriales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_coordonn%C3%A9es_c%C3%A9lestes" title="Système de coordonnées célestes">Système de coordonnées célestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_au_sol" title="Trace au sol">Trace au sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trou_de_serrure_gravitationnel" title="Trou de serrure gravitationnel">Trou de serrure gravitationnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecteur_d%27%C3%A9tat_orbital" title="Vecteur d&#39;état orbital">Vecteur d'état orbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitesse_de_lib%C3%A9ration" title="Vitesse de libération">Vitesse de libération</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitesse_orbitale" title="Vitesse orbitale">Vitesse orbitale</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liste_d%27orbites" title="Liste d&#39;orbites">Liste d'orbites</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail de l’astronomie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/25px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/37px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/50px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail:Astronomie">Portail de l’astronomie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span 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