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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Schwarzkopf_1991_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Norman_Schwarzkopf_1991_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Norman_Schwarzkopf_1991_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Norman_Schwarzkopf_1991_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>General Schwarzkopf during the Gulf War</figcaption></figure> <p><b>General Order No. 1</b> was a <a href="/wiki/General_order" title="General order">general order</a> issued by General <a href="/wiki/Norman_Schwarzkopf_Jr." title="Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.">Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.</a> to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> in the Middle East during the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> (Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm). The order contains provisions restricting the behavior of troops and was intended to show respect to the laws of Saudi Arabia where many US troops were deployed. The order, for the first time in the US Army, prohibited the possession, manufacture, sale or consumption of any alcoholic beverage. It also restricted the possession of "sexually explicit" material, which was broadly defined and led to relatively innocuous documents such as underwear catalogues and bodybuilding magazines being banned. A ban on the taking of war trophies from Iraqi prisoners was later amended to permit US troops to retain captured bayonets as souvenirs. The order influenced those issued in later campaigns, many of which also include bans on alcohol consumption even where US troops are not deployed in Muslim countries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schwarzkopf_and_ruppert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Schwarzkopf_and_ruppert.jpg/220px-Schwarzkopf_and_ruppert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Schwarzkopf_and_ruppert.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Schwarzkopf and Ruppert in Iraq, March 1991</figcaption></figure> <p>Saddam Hussein's Iraq invaded neighboring Kuwait on August 2, 1990. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_660" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 660">United Nations Security Council Resolution 660</a> called for the withdrawal of Iraqi forces but this was not forthcoming. The United States and other nations rushed troops to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential attack as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Shield">Operation Desert Shield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US forces in Saudi Arabia were part of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> and commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Norman_Schwarzkopf_Jr." title="Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.">Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.</a> Schwarzkopf issued General Order No. 1 on 30 August 1990, which was intended to implement measures to avoid insulting their Saudi hosts.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The order was the first of a series intended to guide US troops during the upcoming operations and Schwarzkopf considered them essential to preserve good relations with the Saudi government.<sup id="cite_ref-keaney179_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keaney179-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Saudi Government had legal restrictions on some activities such as the drinking of alcohol, public nudity and gambling (activities that were acceptable in the United States) which it justified on the grounds of the country's Muslim faith. General Order No. 1 restricted some of these activities for the duration of the operations.<sup id="cite_ref-borch130_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch130-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schwarzkopf ordered the Staff Judge Advocate to Central Command, Colonel Raymond C. Ruppert, to produce the order. It was drafted by Ruppert and his sub-ordinate Lieutenant-Colonel William J. Camp, in August 1990 whilst in Florida, awaiting deployment to Saudi Arabia. Subtitled "Prohibited Activities for US Personnel Serving in the USCENTCOM A[rea] O[f] R[esponsibility]", the order laid out the restriction in nine categories: firearms and ammunition, entry into mosques, alcoholic beverages, pornography, other "sexually explicit" imagery, gambling, archaeological artifacts, exchanging currency, and war trophies.<sup id="cite_ref-borch130_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch130-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The order applied to all US military personnel and to US civilians serving with, employed by or accompanying the US armed forces in the area of responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-hearings31_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hearings31-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All infractions would be punished under the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a> for serving personnel and by administrative sanctions for civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-borch130_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch130-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An amnesty period of 72 hours was permitted for personnel to dispose of any items prohibited by the order.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US Army <a href="/wiki/XVIII_Airborne_Corps" title="XVIII Airborne Corps">XVIII Airborne Corps</a> intended to establish a military prison in Saudi Arabia for those convicted of offenses under the general order but permission was denied by Schwarzkopf who wanted to retain military police personnel for the processing of Iraqi prisoners. Instead, Schwarzkopf ordered that offenders be returned to the United States for court-martial.<sup id="cite_ref-borch132_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch132-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alcohol">Alcohol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alcohol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrying_a_full_load_of_beer_donated_by_the_Marine_Corps_League_for_Marines_in_Korea,_is_Corporal_R._L._Quisenberry..._-_NARA_-_532421.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carrying_a_full_load_of_beer_donated_by_the_Marine_Corps_League_for_Marines_in_Korea%2C_is_Corporal_R._L._Quisenberry..._-_NARA_-_532421.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Carrying_a_full_load_of_beer_donated_by_the_Marine_Corps_League_for_Marines_in_Korea%2C_is_Corporal_R._L._Quisenberry..._-_NARA_-_532421.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carrying_a_full_load_of_beer_donated_by_the_Marine_Corps_League_for_Marines_in_Korea%2C_is_Corporal_R._L._Quisenberry..._-_NARA_-_532421.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Carrying_a_full_load_of_beer_donated_by_the_Marine_Corps_League_for_Marines_in_Korea%2C_is_Corporal_R._L._Quisenberry..._-_NARA_-_532421.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carrying_a_full_load_of_beer_donated_by_the_Marine_Corps_League_for_Marines_in_Korea%2C_is_Corporal_R._L._Quisenberry..._-_NARA_-_532421.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Carrying_a_full_load_of_beer_donated_by_the_Marine_Corps_League_for_Marines_in_Korea%2C_is_Corporal_R._L._Quisenberry..._-_NARA_-_532421.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Earlier American troops, such as this marine in Korea in 1951, had been allowed to drink alcohol.</figcaption></figure> <p>General Order No. 1 prohibited all US personnel from possessing, making, selling or consuming any alcoholic beverage; the first time such an order had applied to the US Army.<sup id="cite_ref-borch131_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch131-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though this was considered a radical step, it was considered necessary for continued good relations in a country which prohibited alcohol to any of its citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-borch131_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch131-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although not its intention, the order led to a reduction in alcohol-related incidents and an improvement in order and discipline among the troops.<sup id="cite_ref-borch131_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch131-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-looney51_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-looney51-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The positive benefits of the order led to it being broadly applied to later US operations, whether in Muslim countries or not.<sup id="cite_ref-looney51_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-looney51-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US Air Force General <a href="/wiki/William_R._Looney_III" title="William R. Looney III">William R. Looney III</a> disagreed with the broader application of alcohol bans and, when commanding in Puerto Rico after the war, successfully lobbied for permission for his troops to ignore a similar order.<sup id="cite_ref-looney51_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-looney51-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The future Secretaries of Defense <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a> inadvertently violated the order by bringing liquor with them on an August 2007 visit to Baghdad during the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_restrictions">Religious restrictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious restrictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The order prohibited gatherings for non-Muslim acts of worship outside of US-controlled sites.<sup id="cite_ref-keaney179_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keaney179-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although not prohibited by the order, Jewish military personnel were ferried to ships offshore to take part in religious services.<sup id="cite_ref-schwartz_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwartz-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Entry into mosques, where not necessary for military purposes, was prohibited by the order.<sup id="cite_ref-keaney179_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keaney179-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although not explicitly mentioned in the order proselytising of Muslims was prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-keaney179_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keaney179-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Personal bibles were allowed but had to be shipped directly to US bases or else risk confiscation by Saudi customs officials.<sup id="cite_ref-schwartz_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwartz-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soldiers were also ordered not to wear crucifix jewelry on show and chaplains instructed to remove their emblems of faith when outside of US-controlled sites.<sup id="cite_ref-keaney180_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keaney180-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar manner, at the request of the Saudi government the US military agreed to refer to its chaplains as "morale officers" and to "church services" as "morale services", though this was rescinded in January 1991 by Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Horner" title="Chuck Horner">Chuck Horner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-keaney180_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keaney180-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sexually_suggestive_material">Sexually suggestive material</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sexually suggestive material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The order defined prohibited <a href="/wiki/Pornographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornographic">pornographic</a> material as that which displayed human genitalia, uncovered women's breasts or any sexual act, including any works of art.<sup id="cite_ref-hearings31_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hearings31-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Sexually explicit" material which was also prohibited was defined as any "medium displaying the human anatomy in any unclothed or semi-clothed manner and which displays portions of the human torso".<sup id="cite_ref-usg_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usg-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This extended to material where the "human anatomy" was only implied and resulted in items such as bodybuilding magazines, swimsuit photographs and underwear catalogues being banned or censored.<sup id="cite_ref-usg_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usg-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-borch132_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch132-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schwartz_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwartz-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such material was illegal for Saudi citizens to possess.<sup id="cite_ref-borch131_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch131-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_provisions">Other provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ann_Dunwoody._Operation_Desert_Shield,_Operation_Desert_Storm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ann_Dunwoody._Operation_Desert_Shield%2C_Operation_Desert_Storm.jpg/220px-Ann_Dunwoody._Operation_Desert_Shield%2C_Operation_Desert_Storm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ann_Dunwoody._Operation_Desert_Shield%2C_Operation_Desert_Storm.jpg/330px-Ann_Dunwoody._Operation_Desert_Shield%2C_Operation_Desert_Storm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ann_Dunwoody._Operation_Desert_Shield%2C_Operation_Desert_Storm.jpg/440px-Ann_Dunwoody._Operation_Desert_Shield%2C_Operation_Desert_Storm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ann_E._Dunwoody" title="Ann E. Dunwoody">Ann E. Dunwoody</a>, a female officer of the US Army in Saudi Arabia during the war</figcaption></figure> <p>Other provisions of the order included prohibition of personal firearms and gambling (including pools, lotteries and raffles). The removal of archaeological artifacts was also prohibited as was exchanging money at anything other than the official Saudi government rate.<sup id="cite_ref-usg_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usg-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final provision prohibited the collection of war trophies and noted that all captured Iraqi military equipment was to be considered property of the US government, though exceptions were made for hats, shirts, belts, insignia, canteens, mess equipment, helmets and ammunition pouches.<sup id="cite_ref-borch132_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch132-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the liberation of Kuwait led large amounts of equipment to fall into US hands this prohibition was repeatedly questioned and the dissent led to the only change to any part of the general order during the war when Schwarzkopf permitted US personnel to take Iraqi bayonets as souvenirs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although not part of the general order, female US personnel were required to wear "modest" dress and avoid walking with or sharing a car with a man other than their husband. Public displays of affection were also prohibited. These restrictions were variable depending on location, they were strictest in urban areas, within the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and within <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> but were relaxed in areas with few Saudi nationals present.<sup id="cite_ref-keaney180_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keaney180-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of the restrictions the sight of American women driving military vehicles led to Saudi women holding driving protests against the laws that prevented them from driving.<sup id="cite_ref-schwartz_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwartz-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General Order No. 1 remained in place unchanged, but for the exception for bayonet trophies, throughout Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm (the phase of the war January–February 1991 that involved the liberation of Kuwait and partial invasion of Iraq).<sup id="cite_ref-borch132_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch132-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was some criticism of the order; US Air Force intelligence officer <a href="/wiki/Rick_Francona" title="Rick Francona">Rick Francona</a> recalled that it was "grossly unpopular" among the troops.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The need for the order led some commentators to ask why American forces were being deployed to protect an undemocratic state which did not permit its people the civil liberties taken for granted in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-schwartz_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwartz-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Order No. 1 influenced similar orders for subsequent campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-borch209_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch209-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alcohol prohibition was ordered for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Provide_Comfort" title="Operation Provide Comfort">Operation Provide Comfort</a>, the post–Gulf War humanitarian mission to Kurds in Northern Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alcohol prohibition and ban on taking trophies was also implemented for American <a href="/wiki/UNITAF" class="mw-redirect" title="UNITAF">UNITAF</a> forces serving in Somalia 1992–93, though the fact that it did not apply to American troops under direct United Nations command led to some complaints about unfairness.<sup id="cite_ref-borch209_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borch209-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The troops serving in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a>, the 1994–1995 intervention in non-Muslim Haiti, were also subject to an alcohol ban.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The General Order No. 1 issued to American troops in Iraq and Afghanistan both prohibited alcohol and extended the provisions to include prohibitions on adopting stray dogs as pets or mascots.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Persian-Gulf-War">"Persian Gulf War"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Persian+Gulf+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FPersian-Gulf-War&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeaneyCohen1993" class="citation book cs1">Keaney, Thomas A.; Cohen, Eliot A. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L4dtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Gulf War Air Power Survey: A statistical compendium and chronology</i></a>. Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-042055-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-042055-9"><bdi>978-0-16-042055-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulf+War+Air+Power+Survey%3A+A+statistical+compendium+and+chronology&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+the+Air+Force&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-16-042055-9&rft.aulast=Keaney&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Eliot+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL4dtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keaney179-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keaney179_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keaney179_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keaney179_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keaney179_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeaney1993" class="citation book cs1">Keaney, Thomas A. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hoVtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Gulf War Air Power Survey: Logistics and support</i></a>. Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-042911-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-042911-8"><bdi>978-0-16-042911-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulf+War+Air+Power+Survey%3A+Logistics+and+support&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+the+Air+Force&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-16-042911-8&rft.aulast=Keaney&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhoVtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-borch130-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-borch130_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch130_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch130_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorch2001" class="citation book cs1">Borch, Frederic L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SfHmh_bOmO0C"><i>Judge Advocates in Combat: Army Lawyers in Military Operations from Vietnam to Haiti</i></a>. Office of the Judge Advocate General and Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judge+Advocates+in+Combat%3A+Army+Lawyers+in+Military+Operations+from+Vietnam+to+Haiti&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Judge+Advocate+General+and+Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Borch&rft.aufirst=Frederic+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfHmh_bOmO0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rb0pnAhttawC"><i>Hearings Before and Special Reports Made by Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on Subjects Affecting the Naval and Military Establishments</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-041163-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-041163-2"><bdi>978-0-16-041163-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hearings+Before+and+Special+Reports+Made+by+Committee+on+Armed+Services+of+the+House+of+Representatives+on+Subjects+Affecting+the+Naval+and+Military+Establishments&rft.pages=31-32&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.isbn=978-0-16-041163-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drb0pnAhttawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hearings31-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hearings31_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hearings31_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rb0pnAhttawC"><i>Hearings Before and Special Reports Made by Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on Subjects Affecting the Naval and Military Establishments</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-041163-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-041163-2"><bdi>978-0-16-041163-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hearings+Before+and+Special+Reports+Made+by+Committee+on+Armed+Services+of+the+House+of+Representatives+on+Subjects+Affecting+the+Naval+and+Military+Establishments&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.isbn=978-0-16-041163-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drb0pnAhttawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rb0pnAhttawC"><i>Hearings Before and Special Reports Made by Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on Subjects Affecting the Naval and Military Establishments</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-041163-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-041163-2"><bdi>978-0-16-041163-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hearings+Before+and+Special+Reports+Made+by+Committee+on+Armed+Services+of+the+House+of+Representatives+on+Subjects+Affecting+the+Naval+and+Military+Establishments&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.isbn=978-0-16-041163-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drb0pnAhttawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-borch132-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-borch132_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch132_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch132_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch132_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorch2001" class="citation book cs1">Borch, Frederic L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SfHmh_bOmO0C"><i>Judge Advocates in Combat: Army Lawyers in Military Operations from Vietnam to Haiti</i></a>. Office of the Judge Advocate General and Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judge+Advocates+in+Combat%3A+Army+Lawyers+in+Military+Operations+from+Vietnam+to+Haiti&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Judge+Advocate+General+and+Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Borch&rft.aufirst=Frederic+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfHmh_bOmO0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-borch131-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-borch131_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch131_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch131_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch131_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorch2001" class="citation book cs1">Borch, Frederic L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SfHmh_bOmO0C"><i>Judge Advocates in Combat: Army Lawyers in Military Operations from Vietnam to Haiti</i></a>. Office of the Judge Advocate General and Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judge+Advocates+in+Combat%3A+Army+Lawyers+in+Military+Operations+from+Vietnam+to+Haiti&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Judge+Advocate+General+and+Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Borch&rft.aufirst=Frederic+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfHmh_bOmO0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLooneyLooney2009" class="citation book cs1">Looney, William R.; Looney, Bill (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IXJ7gMdBmewC"><i>Exceeding Expectations: Reflections on Leadership</i></a>. Enso Books. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9820185-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9820185-1-4"><bdi>978-0-9820185-1-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exceeding+Expectations%3A+Reflections+on+Leadership&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Enso+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9820185-1-4&rft.aulast=Looney&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft.au=Looney%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXJ7gMdBmewC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRushton2014" class="citation book cs1">Rushton, Patricia (10 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PDbLy5KkDB4C"><i>Gulf War Nurses: Personal Accounts of 14 Americans, 1990-1991 and 2003-2010</i></a>. McFarland. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6224-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6224-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-6224-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulf+War+Nurses%3A+Personal+Accounts+of+14+Americans%2C+1990-1991+and+2003-2010&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-6224-7&rft.aulast=Rushton&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPDbLy5KkDB4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-looney51-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-looney51_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-looney51_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-looney51_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLooneyLooney2009" class="citation book cs1">Looney, William R.; Looney, Bill (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IXJ7gMdBmewC"><i>Exceeding Expectations: Reflections on Leadership</i></a>. Enso Books. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9820185-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9820185-1-4"><bdi>978-0-9820185-1-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exceeding+Expectations%3A+Reflections+on+Leadership&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Enso+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9820185-1-4&rft.aulast=Looney&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft.au=Looney%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXJ7gMdBmewC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLooneyLooney2009" class="citation book cs1">Looney, William R.; Looney, Bill (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IXJ7gMdBmewC"><i>Exceeding Expectations: Reflections on Leadership</i></a>. Enso Books. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9820185-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9820185-1-4"><bdi>978-0-9820185-1-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exceeding+Expectations%3A+Reflections+on+Leadership&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Enso+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9820185-1-4&rft.aulast=Looney&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft.au=Looney%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXJ7gMdBmewC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2014" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Robert M. (14 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lYzZAAAAQBAJ"><i>Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-95948-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-95948-5"><bdi>978-0-307-95948-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duty%3A+Memoirs+of+a+Secretary+at+War&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2014-01-14&rft.isbn=978-0-307-95948-5&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlYzZAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwartz-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schwartz_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwartz_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwartz_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwartz_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schwartz_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2015" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Richard Alan (3 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QxeBCgAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of the Persian Gulf War</i></a>. McFarland. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2175-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2175-3"><bdi>978-1-4766-2175-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Persian+Gulf+War&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-2175-3&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Richard+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQxeBCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keaney180-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keaney180_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keaney180_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keaney180_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeaney1993" class="citation book cs1">Keaney, Thomas A. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hoVtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Gulf War Air Power Survey: Logistics and support</i></a>. Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-042911-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-042911-8"><bdi>978-0-16-042911-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulf+War+Air+Power+Survey%3A+Logistics+and+support&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+the+Air+Force&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-16-042911-8&rft.aulast=Keaney&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhoVtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usg-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usg_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usg_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usg_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rb0pnAhttawC"><i>Hearings Before and Special Reports Made by Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on Subjects Affecting the Naval and Military Establishments</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-041163-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-041163-2"><bdi>978-0-16-041163-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hearings+Before+and+Special+Reports+Made+by+Committee+on+Armed+Services+of+the+House+of+Representatives+on+Subjects+Affecting+the+Naval+and+Military+Establishments&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.isbn=978-0-16-041163-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drb0pnAhttawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorch2001" class="citation book cs1">Borch, Frederic L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uDx_HbGpWPwC"><i>Judge Advocates in Combat</i></a>. Government Printing Office. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-087661-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-087661-5"><bdi>978-0-16-087661-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judge+Advocates+in+Combat&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-16-087661-5&rft.aulast=Borch&rft.aufirst=Frederic+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuDx_HbGpWPwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancona1999" class="citation book cs1">Francona, Rick (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FFhtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ally to Adversary: An Eyewitness Account of Iraq's Fall from Grace</i></a>. Naval Institute Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-281-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-281-0"><bdi>978-1-55750-281-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ally+to+Adversary%3A+An+Eyewitness+Account+of+Iraq%27s+Fall+from+Grace&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-55750-281-0&rft.aulast=Francona&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFFhtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-borch209-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-borch209_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borch209_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorch2001" class="citation book cs1">Borch, Frederic L. 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Office of the Judge Advocate General and Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judge+Advocates+in+Combat%3A+Army+Lawyers+in+Military+Operations+from+Vietnam+to+Haiti&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Judge+Advocate+General+and+Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Borch&rft.aufirst=Frederic+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfHmh_bOmO0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorch2001" class="citation book cs1">Borch, Frederic L. 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Office of the Judge Advocate General and Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 285.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judge+Advocates+in+Combat%3A+Army+Lawyers+in+Military+Operations+from+Vietnam+to+Haiti&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Judge+Advocate+General+and+Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Borch&rft.aufirst=Frederic+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfHmh_bOmO0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorch2001" class="citation book cs1">Borch, Frederic L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SfHmh_bOmO0C"><i>Judge Advocates in Combat: Army Lawyers in Military Operations from Vietnam to Haiti</i></a>. Office of the Judge Advocate General and Center of Military History, U.S. Army. p. 257.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judge+Advocates+in+Combat%3A+Army+Lawyers+in+Military+Operations+from+Vietnam+to+Haiti&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Judge+Advocate+General+and+Center+of+Military+History%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Borch&rft.aufirst=Frederic+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfHmh_bOmO0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drugfree.org/drug-and-alcohol-news/u-s-soldiers-find-ways-to-get-hands-on-alcohol-in-afghanistan-despite-ban/">"U.S. Soldiers Find Ways to Get Hands on Alcohol in Afghanistan Despite Ban"</a>. <i>Partnership to End Addiction</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Partnership+to+End+Addiction&rft.atitle=U.S.+Soldiers+Find+Ways+to+Get+Hands+on+Alcohol+in+Afghanistan+Despite+Ban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrugfree.org%2Fdrug-and-alcohol-news%2Fu-s-soldiers-find-ways-to-get-hands-on-alcohol-in-afghanistan-despite-ban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHediger2012" class="citation book cs1">Hediger, Ryan (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-xPkrp6YuKsC"><i>Animals and War: Studies of Europe and North America</i></a>. BRILL. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23620-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23620-2"><bdi>978-90-04-23620-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animals+and+War%3A+Studies+of+Europe+and+North+America&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2012-11&rft.isbn=978-90-04-23620-2&rft.aulast=Hediger&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-xPkrp6YuKsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Order+No.+1+%28Gulf+War%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&oldid=1226832803">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Order_No._1_(Gulf_War)&oldid=1226832803</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_orders" title="Category:General orders">General orders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_documents" title="Category:1990 documents">1990 documents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gulf_War" title="Category:Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 June 2024, at 03:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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