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<!doctype html> <html data-n-head-ssr lang="en" data-n-head="%7B%22lang%22:%7B%22ssr%22:%22en%22%7D%7D"> <head > <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_16-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_32-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_180-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <title>Frontiers | Monosaccharide coatings on nanoparticles affect protein corona formation but not the interaction with their binding receptor</title><meta data-n-head="ssr" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="charset" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="mobile-web-app-capable" name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="apple-mobile-web-app-title" name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Frontiers | Articles"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="theme-color" name="theme-color" content="#0C4DED"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="description" property="description" name="description" content="Surface coatings with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers have often been employed to improve nanoparticles (NPs) biocompatibility and extend circulation time..."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:title" property="og:title" name="title" content="Frontiers | Monosaccharide coatings on nanoparticles affect protein corona formation but not the interaction with their binding receptor"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:description" property="og:description" name="description" content="Surface coatings with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers have often been employed to improve nanoparticles (NPs) biocompatibility and extend circulation time..."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="keywords" name="keywords" content="gold nanopar*cles,Glycans,Protein Corona,Colloidal stability,ac*ve targe*ng,PEGyla*on processes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:site_name" property="og:site_name" name="site_name" content="Frontiers"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:image" property="og:image" name="image" content="https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/4FA50861-A401-4413-813D924785B49E5E/6A03744B-BD4D-4554-8AC3B58B10E248B8/WebsiteWebP_XL-FNANO_Main Visual_Purple_Website.webp"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:type" property="og:type" name="type" content="article"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:url" property="og:url" name="url" content="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nanotechnology/articles/10.3389/fnano.2024.1505757/abstract"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="twitter:card" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_volume" name="citation_volume" content="6"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_journal_title" name="citation_journal_title" content="Frontiers in Nanotechnology"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_publisher" name="citation_publisher" content="Frontiers"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_journal_abbrev" name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Front. Nanotechnol."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_issn" name="citation_issn" content="2673-3013"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_doi" name="citation_doi" content="10.3389/fnano.2024.1505757"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_firstpage" name="citation_firstpage" content="1505757"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_language" name="citation_language" content="English"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_title" name="citation_title" content="Monosaccharide coatings on nanoparticles affect protein corona formation but not the interaction with their binding receptor"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_keywords" name="citation_keywords" content="gold nanopar*cles; Glycans; Protein Corona; Colloidal stability; ac*ve targe*ng; PEGyla*on processes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_abstract" name="citation_abstract" content="Surface coatings with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers have often been employed to improve nanoparticles (NPs) biocompatibility and extend circulation time by reducing protein adsorption. PEGylated NPs benefit from steric hindrance and repulsion effects, which are influenced by PEG molecular weight, density, and chain conformation. However, repetitive exposure to PEG can trigger acute and chronic immunological responses as a result of the development of Immunoglobulin G anti-PEG antibodies. NPs functionalisation with glycans has become an emerging approach to increase their biocompatibility as these biomolecules are highly hydrophilic, biocompatible, interact with biological receptors expressed in the body, and can be conjugated, controlling their orientation. In this study, we developed a series of gold NPs (AuNPs) coated with PEG linkers of different lengths and conjugated with mannose (Man) or sialic acid (Sia) glycans, and we carried out a detailed characterisation prior to and after exposure to biological fluids to study their behaviour and protein corona formation. Our findings show that the glycan-coated NPs exhibit stabilisation after protein interaction, with Man coatings showing the lowest protein affinity and that the glycans are biologically active and capable of binding to glycan receptors (such as Concanavalin A) despite the presence of a complex protein environment. Results indicate that glycan modification of PEGylated nanoparticles reduces nonspecific interactions while preserving active targeting properties, underscoring their potential for therapeutic applications."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_online_date" name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/20"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_0" name="citation_author" content="Soliman, Mahmoud G."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_0" name="citation_author_institution" content="Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_1" name="citation_author" content="Monopoli, Marco P."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_1" name="citation_author_institution" content="Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_2" name="citation_author" content="Clemente1, Eva"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_2" name="citation_author_institution" content="Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_3" name="citation_author" content="Mateu, Ruth"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_3" name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_4" name="citation_author" content="Ferreira, Avelino"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_4" name="citation_author_institution" content="Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_5" name="citation_author" content="Ludtke, Tanja"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_5" name="citation_author_institution" content="CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_6" name="citation_author" content="Lopez, Hender"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_6" name="citation_author_institution" content="Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_7" name="citation_author" content="Moya, Sergio E."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_7" name="citation_author_institution" content="CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_8" name="citation_author" content="Lay, Luigi"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_8" name="citation_author_institution" content="University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="manifest" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/manifest.c499fc0a.json" data-hid="manifest"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="canonical" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nanotechnology/articles/10.3389/fnano.2024.1505757/abstract"><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="newrelic-browser-script" type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"agent":"","beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"598a124f17","applicationID":"588603994","agentToken":null,"applicationTime":1.745393,"transactionName":"MQcDMkECCkNSW0YMWghNIgldDQFTRxd1IGFJTQ==","queueTime":0,"ttGuid":"8a58f5a91df2650a"}; (window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"594400880",accountID:"230385",trustKey:"230385",xpid:"VgUHUl5WGwYIXFdSBAgOUg==",licenseKey:"598a124f17",applicationID:"588603994"};;/*! 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class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info"><h2 class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__title">ORIGINAL RESEARCH article</h2> <div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__journalDate"><span>Front. Nanotechnol.</span></div> <div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__journalDate"> Sec. Nanomaterials </div> <div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doiVolume"><span> Volume 6 - 2024 | </span> <span class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi"> doi: 10.3389/fnano.2024.1505757 </span></div> </div>  <div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT"><span class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT__label">This article is part of the Research Topic</span> <span class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT__title">Emerging Leaders in Nanotechnology</span> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="View all articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/61616/emerging-leaders-in-nanotechnology/articles" target="_self" data-event="customLink-link-a_viewAllArticles" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>View all articles</span></a></span></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetails__main__content"><div class="ArticleDetails__main__content__main"><div class="JournalAbstract"><div class="JournalAbstract__titleWrapper"><h1>Monosaccharide coatings on nanoparticles affect protein corona formation but not the interaction with their binding receptor</h1> <span class="JournalAbstract__titleWrapper__titleLabel">Provisionally accepted </span></div> <div><div class="authors"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2561343/overview" target="_blank" data-event="authorInfo-a-mahmoudGSoliman" class="author-wrapper"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/2561343/32" alt="Mahmoud G. Soliman"> Mahmoud G. Soliman <sup>1*</sup></a><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/854129/overview" target="_blank" data-event="authorInfo-a-marcoPMonopoli" class="author-wrapper"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/854129/32" alt="Marco P. Monopoli"> Marco P. Monopoli <sup>1*</sup></a><span class="author-wrapper"><img src="/article-pages/_nuxt/img/default_profileimage.821b138.jpg" alt="Eva Clemente1"> Eva Clemente1 <sup>1</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><img src="/article-pages/_nuxt/img/default_profileimage.821b138.jpg" alt="Ruth Mateu"> Ruth Mateu <sup>2</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><img src="/article-pages/_nuxt/img/default_profileimage.821b138.jpg" alt="Avelino Ferreira"> Avelino Ferreira <sup>1</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><img src="/article-pages/_nuxt/img/default_profileimage.821b138.jpg" alt="Tanja Ludtke"> Tanja Ludtke <sup>3</sup></span><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1123204/overview" target="_blank" data-event="authorInfo-a-henderLopez" class="author-wrapper"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1123204/32" alt="Hender Lopez"> Hender Lopez <sup>4</sup></a><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/848730/overview" target="_blank" data-event="authorInfo-a-sergioEMoya" class="author-wrapper"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/848730/32" alt="Sergio E. Moya"> Sergio E. Moya <sup>3</sup></a><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1601884/overview" target="_blank" data-event="authorInfo-a-luigiLay" class="author-wrapper"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1601884/32" alt="Luigi Lay"> Luigi Lay <sup>2</sup></a></div> <ul class="notes"><li><span><sup>1</sup></span> Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland </li><li><span><sup>2</sup></span> University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy </li><li><span><sup>3</sup></span> CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain </li><li><span><sup>4</sup></span> Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland </li></ul></div>  <div class="NotifyMeBanner"><article class="Alert Alert--warning Alert--noInfo"><div class="Alert__icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 48 48" class="FeedbackIcon" style="width:24px;"><path fill="#fff" d="M12 10h24v28H12z"></path> <path fill="var(--orange50)" d="M24 2.88a21.12 21.12 0 1 0 0 42.24 21.12 21.12 0 0 0 0-42.24Zm1.92 31.73a.96.96 0 0 1-.96.96h-1.92a.96.96 0 0 1-.96-.96v-1.92a.96.96 0 0 1 .96-.96h1.92a.96.96 0 0 1 .96.96v1.92Zm0-7.68a.96.96 0 0 1-.96.96h-1.92a.96.96 0 0 1-.96-.96V13.49a.96.96 0 0 1 .96-.96h1.92a.96.96 0 0 1 .96.96v13.44Z"></path></svg></div> <div class="Alert__main"><p class="Alert__message">The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.</p> <button type="" data-event="btn-action" class="Button Button--outline Button--grey70 Button--small Button--icon Button--notification Button--right Button--disabled"><span>Notify me</span></button> </div> <ol class="Alert__info"></ol></article> <div class="Modal--articleSubscription Modal--subscribeMultipleEmails Modal" style="display:none;"><button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="modal-overlay-close" class="Modal__overlay"></button> <div class="Modal__container"><div class="Modal__header"><h1 class="Modal__title">Select one of your emails</h1> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="modal-button-close" class="Modal__close"></button></div> <div class="Modal__body"><p>You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:</p> <form><button id="SubscribeMultipleEmailsModalFormSubmitButton" type="submit" class="acc-hidden"></button> <div class="RadioInputList__wrapper"><div class="RadioInputList"><span></span></div> </div></form> </div> <div class="Modal__footer"> <button type="" data-event="btn-action" class="Button Button--blue50 Button--medium"><span>Notify me</span></button></div> </div></div> <div class="Modal--articleSubscription Modal--subscribeAnonymusUser Modal" style="display:none;"><button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="modal-overlay-close" class="Modal__overlay"></button> <div class="Modal__container"><div class="Modal__header"><h1 class="Modal__title">Notify me on publication</h1> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="modal-button-close" class="Modal__close"></button></div> <div class="Modal__body"><p>Please enter your email address:</p> <form><button id="SubscribeAnonymusUserModalFormSubmitButton" type="submit" class="acc-hidden"></button> <div class="Input"><span class="Input__labelWrapper"><label for="userEmail" class="Input__label">Email</label></span> <input id="userEmail" type="text" value="" class="Input__field"></div> </form> <div class="SubscribeAnonymusUser__links"><p> If you already have an account, please <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/login?returnUrl=/journals/nanotechnology/articles/10.3389/fnano.2024.1505757/abstract">login</a></p> <p> You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/register?returnUrl=/journals/nanotechnology/articles/10.3389/fnano.2024.1505757/abstract">register here</a></p></div> </div> <div class="Modal__footer"> <button type="" data-event="btn-action" class="Button Button--blue50 Button--medium"><span>Notify me</span></button></div> </div></div></div> <p class="JournalAbstract__AcceptedArticle">Surface coatings with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers have often been employed to improve nanoparticles (NPs) biocompatibility and extend circulation time by reducing protein adsorption. PEGylated NPs benefit from steric hindrance and repulsion effects, which are influenced by PEG molecular weight, density, and chain conformation. However, repetitive exposure to PEG can trigger acute and chronic immunological responses as a result of the development of Immunoglobulin G anti-PEG antibodies. NPs functionalisation with glycans has become an emerging approach to increase their biocompatibility as these biomolecules are highly hydrophilic, biocompatible, interact with biological receptors expressed in the body, and can be conjugated, controlling their orientation. In this study, we developed a series of gold NPs (AuNPs) coated with PEG linkers of different lengths and conjugated with mannose (Man) or sialic acid (Sia) glycans, and we carried out a detailed characterisation prior to and after exposure to biological fluids to study their behaviour and protein corona formation. Our findings show that the glycan-coated NPs exhibit stabilisation after protein interaction, with Man coatings showing the lowest protein affinity and that the glycans are biologically active and capable of binding to glycan receptors (such as Concanavalin A) despite the presence of a complex protein environment. Results indicate that glycan modification of PEGylated nanoparticles reduces nonspecific interactions while preserving active targeting properties, underscoring their potential for therapeutic applications.</p></div></div> <div class="AbstractSummary"><p><span>Keywords: </span> gold nanopar*cles, Glycans, Protein Corona, Colloidal stability, ac*ve targe*ng, PEGyla*on processes </p> <p><span>Received:</span> 03 Oct 2024; <span>Accepted:</span> 20 Nov 2024. </p> <p><span>Copyright:</span> 漏 2024 Soliman, Monopoli, Clemente1, Mateu, Ferreira, Ludtke, Lopez, Moya and Lay. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. </p> <p><span>* Correspondence: </span> <br> <span class="AbstractSummary__CorrespondenceAuthor"> Mahmoud G. Soliman, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland <br></span><span class="AbstractSummary__CorrespondenceAuthor"> Marco P. Monopoli, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland <br></span></p></div>  <p class="AbstractSummary__disclaimer"><span>Disclaimer: </span> All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. 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Nanotechnol.","2673-3013",void 0,"Spain",6,"por-journal.com",7,"escubed.org",1918,"fipp","https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F4FA50861-A401-4413-813D924785B49E5E\u002Fwebimage-6447ACD6-5809-4CA8-9F40CB81A363B8D1.png","education","science","image",2160,"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F4FA50861-A401-4413-813D924785B49E5E\u002F6A03744B-BD4D-4554-8AC3B58B10E248B8\u002FWebsiteWebP_XL-FNANO_Main Visual_Purple_Website.webp","2022-06-27T10:00:14Z","fnano",127,"journal_field","10.3389\u002Ffnano.2024.1505757","Monosaccharide coatings on nanoparticles affect protein corona formation but not the interaction with their binding receptor","Surface coatings with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers have often been employed to improve nanoparticles (NPs) biocompatibility and extend circulation time by reducing protein adsorption. PEGylated NPs benefit from steric hindrance and repulsion effects, which are influenced by PEG molecular weight, density, and chain conformation. However, repetitive exposure to PEG can trigger acute and chronic immunological responses as a result of the development of Immunoglobulin G anti-PEG antibodies. NPs functionalisation with glycans has become an emerging approach to increase their biocompatibility as these biomolecules are highly hydrophilic, biocompatible, interact with biological receptors expressed in the body, and can be conjugated, controlling their orientation. In this study, we developed a series of gold NPs (AuNPs) coated with PEG linkers of different lengths and conjugated with mannose (Man) or sialic acid (Sia) glycans, and we carried out a detailed characterisation prior to and after exposure to biological fluids to study their behaviour and protein corona formation. Our findings show that the glycan-coated NPs exhibit stabilisation after protein interaction, with Man coatings showing the lowest protein affinity and that the glycans are biologically active and capable of binding to glycan receptors (such as Concanavalin A) despite the presence of a complex protein environment. Results indicate that glycan modification of PEGylated nanoparticles reduces nonspecific interactions while preserving active targeting properties, underscoring their potential for therapeutic applications.",8,2561343,854129,"Eva","Ruth","University of Milan","Italy","Milan","Lombardy","20122","Avelino","Tanja","CIC biomaGUNE","San Sebastian","20014",1123204,"Hender",848730,1601884,"Luigi",820369,"Satyabrata",1724560,"Carlos",213590,{},1568,"Nanomaterials","nanomaterials","PDF","Frontiers | Monosaccharide coatings on nanoparticles affect protein corona formation but not the interaction with their binding receptor","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fnanotechnology\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffnano.2024.1505757\u002Fabstract","Surface coatings with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers have often been employed to improve nanoparticles (NPs) biocompatibility and extend circulation 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