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border:1px solid #ccc; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#F0A236; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Election_Policy" title="Election Policy"><img alt="Election Policy VNT Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e5/Election_Policy_VNT_Logo.png/200px-Election_Policy_VNT_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="215" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e5/Election_Policy_VNT_Logo.png/300px-Election_Policy_VNT_Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/e5/Election_Policy_VNT_Logo.png/400px-Election_Policy_VNT_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1617" /></a></div></div><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#F0A236; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Primary_election" title="Primary election">Primary election</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Primary_election_systems_by_state" title="Primary election systems by state">Primary elections by state</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Closed_primary" title="Closed primary">Closed primary</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Open primary</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Semi-closed_primary" title="Semi-closed primary">Semi-closed primary</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F6F6F6; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Top-two_primary" title="Top-two primary">Top-two primary</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F6F6F6; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Final-five_voting" title="Final-five voting">Final-five voting</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Caucus" title="Caucus">Caucus</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F6F6F6; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Glossary_of_election_policy_terms" title="Glossary of election policy terms">Election terms</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#F0A236; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F6F6F6; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/About_Ballotpedia%27s_Election_Administration_Legislation_Tracker">Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#F0A236; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Select a state from the menu below to learn more about its election administration.</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="SingleDropdown"><select id="dropdownOne" class="styled-dropdown"><option value="Election administration in Alabama">Alabama</option><option value="Election administration in Alaska">Alaska</option><option value="Election administration in Arizona">Arizona</option><option value="Election administration in Arkansas">Arkansas</option><option value="Election administration in California">California</option><option value="Election administration in Colorado">Colorado</option><option value="Election administration in Connecticut">Connecticut</option><option value="Election administration in Delaware">Delaware</option><option value="Election administration in Florida">Florida</option><option value="Election administration in Georgia">Georgia</option><option value="Election administration in Hawaii">Hawaii</option><option value="Election administration in Idaho">Idaho</option><option value="Election administration in Illinois">Illinois</option><option value="Election administration in Indiana">Indiana</option><option value="Election administration in Iowa">Iowa</option><option value="Election administration in Kansas">Kansas</option><option value="Election administration in Kentucky">Kentucky</option><option value="Election administration in Louisiana">Louisiana</option><option value="Election administration in Maine">Maine</option><option value="Election administration in Maryland">Maryland</option><option value="Election administration in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</option><option value="Election administration in Michigan">Michigan</option><option value="Election administration in Minnesota">Minnesota</option><option value="Election administration in Mississippi">Mississippi</option><option value="Election administration in Missouri">Missouri</option><option value="Election administration in Montana">Montana</option><option value="Election administration in Nebraska">Nebraska</option><option value="Election administration in Nevada">Nevada</option><option value="Election administration in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</option><option value="Election administration in New Jersey">New Jersey</option><option value="Election administration in New Mexico">New Mexico</option><option value="Election administration in New York">New York</option><option value="Election administration in North Carolina">North Carolina</option><option value="Election administration in North Dakota">North Dakota</option><option value="Election administration in Ohio">Ohio</option><option value="Election administration in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</option><option value="Election administration in Oregon">Oregon</option><option value="Election administration in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</option><option value="Election administration in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</option><option value="Election administration in South Carolina">South Carolina</option><option value="Election administration in South Dakota">South Dakota</option><option value="Election administration in Tennessee">Tennessee</option><option value="Election administration in Texas">Texas</option><option value="Election administration in Utah">Utah</option><option value="Election administration in Vermont">Vermont</option><option value="Election administration in Virginia">Virginia</option><option value="Election administration in Washington">Washington</option><option value="Election administration in West Virginia">West Virginia</option><option value="Election administration in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</option><option value="Election administration in Wyoming">Wyoming</option></select><button value="Submit" class="form-control" text="Submit">Submit</button></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="float:right; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 0.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; ;" class="toclimit-3"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Usage"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Congressional_and_state-level_elections"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Congressional and state-level elections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Presidential_primaries_and_caucuses"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential primaries and caucuses</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#2024_presidential_primaries_and_caucuses"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">2024 presidential primaries and caucuses</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Support_and_opposition"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Support and opposition</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Recent_legislation_related_to_primaries"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Recent legislation related to primaries</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Ballotpedia's_Election_Administration_Legislation_Tracker"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#State_of_Election_Administration_Legislation_Reports"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">State of Election Administration Legislation Reports</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#The_Ballot_Bulletin"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">The Ballot Bulletin</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Recent_issues"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Recent issues</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Subscribe"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Subscribe</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>An <b>open primary</b> is a type of <a href="/Primary_election" title="Primary election">primary election</a> where voters do not have to formally affiliate with a political party in advance in order to vote in its primary. In some cases, voters can declare their affiliation with a party at the polls on the day of the primary, even if those voters were previously affiliated with a different party.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncslprimaries_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncslprimaries-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fairvoteprimaries_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairvoteprimaries-3">[3]</a></sup> </p> <div style="margin: 5px 1%; border: 0px; border-left: 10px solid #E5E5E5; background: #fbfbfb;"> <div style="padding: .5em 1em 0.3em; font-size: 90%; width: 100%; color:#202020;"> <b>HIGHLIGHTS</b></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li>In 20 states, at least one political party conducts open primaries for congressional and state-level offices. </li></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li>For information on voter participation rules for the 2024 presidential primaries and caucuses, <a href="#Presidential_primaries_and_caucuses">see below</a>.</li></div></div> <p><br /> <a href="/Top-two_primary" title="Top-two primary">Top-two primary</a> systems, such as those utilized in <a href="/Primary_elections_in_California" title="Primary elections in California">California</a>, <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Nebraska" title="Primary elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, and <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Washington" title="Primary elections in Washington">Washington</a>, and variations of those systems, such as the <a href="/Top-four_primary" title="Top-four primary">top-four</a> system used in <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Alaska" title="Primary elections in Alaska">Alaska</a> and the <a href="/Louisiana_majority-vote_system" title="Louisiana majority-vote system">majority-vote</a> system used in <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Louisiana" title="Primary elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, are sometimes classified as open primary systems because voter participation in such primaries is not tied to partisan affiliation. For the purposes of this article, these systems are considered to be a separate entity. For more information about top-two primaries and their variations, see <a href="/Top-two_primary" title="Top-two primary">this article</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Usage">Usage</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Congressional_and_state-level_elections">Congressional and state-level elections</span></h3> <p>In 20 states, at least one political party conducts open primaries for congressional and state-level offices. The map and table below identify states in which at least one political party uses open primaries for congressional and state-level elections. Hover over a state for additional details.<sup id="cite_ref-ncslprimaries_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncslprimaries-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fairvoteprimaries_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairvoteprimaries-3">[3]</a></sup> </p> <center><iframe title="Open primaries in U.S. congressional and state-level elections" aria-label="USA states choropleth map" id="datawrapper-chart-WGYQm" src="//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WGYQm/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="500"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var e in a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-"+e)||document.querySelector("iframe[src*='"+e+"']");if(t)(t.style.height=a.data["datawrapper-height"][e]+"px")}})}(); </script></center> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color:#bd1d27; color: white;">States where at least one political party uses open primaries for congressional and state-level elections </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">State </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Open primaries </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white; width:60%;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Alabama" title="Primary elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>In Alabama, a voter may participate in any party's primary by declaring his or her preference for that party at the polls on the day of the primary election.<sup id="cite_ref-sosfaq_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sosfaq-4">[4]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Arkansas" title="Primary elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Georgia" title="Primary elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Hawaii" title="Primary elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Illinois" title="Primary elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>A voter must publicly state his or her affiliation at the polling place in order to vote in a party's primary.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Indiana" title="Primary elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Section 3-10-1-6 of the Indiana Code stipulates that, in order to participate in a party's primary, a voter must have either voted for a majority of that party's nominees in the last general election or must intend to vote for a majority of the party's nominees in the upcoming general election. According to FairVote, which classifies Indiana as an open primary state, this provision of the law is unenforceable due to the nature of secret balloting.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Iowa" title="Primary elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Section 43.38 of the Iowa Code stipulates that only registered party members can vote in a party's primary. Section 43.42 of the Iowa Code stipulates that a voter may change his or her party affiliation at the polls on primary election day and vote in the primary of a party other than the one to which he or she formerly belonged.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Michigan" title="Primary elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Minnesota" title="Primary elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Mississippi" title="Primary elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Missouri" title="Primary elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Montana" title="Primary elections in Montana">Montana</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="Primary elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Ohio" title="Primary elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>According to FairVote, a voter can "choose a party affiliation on the day of the election." If a voter has previously participated in another party's primary, he or she can complete a statement at the polling place on the day of the election affirming that the voter is changing his or her partisan affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-fairvoteprimaries_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairvoteprimaries-3">[3]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="Primary elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Tennessee" title="Primary elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Section 2-7-115 of the Tennessee Code stipulates that a voter must either be registered with a political party or must declare his or her affiliation with the party at the polls on primary election day in order to vote in that party's primary.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Texas" title="Primary elections in Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Vermont" title="Primary elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Virginia" title="Primary elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="Primary elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></td> <td>Yes</td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidential_primaries_and_caucuses">Presidential primaries and caucuses</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2024_presidential_primaries_and_caucuses">2024 presidential primaries and caucuses</span></h4> <p>The maps below detail voter participation rules for the Democratic and Republican parties in the 2024 presidential nominating process. </p> <center><iframe title="Voter participation rules for 2024 presidential primaries and caucuses (Democratic Party)" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-8IbGO" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/8IbGO/4/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 50% !important; border: none;" height="440" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script></center> <center><iframe title="Voter participation rules for 2024 presidential primaries and caucuses (Republican Party)" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-nUswy" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/nUswy/2/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 50% !important; border: none;" height="470" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script></center> <p>For information from previous presidential election cycles, click "[Show more]" below. </p> <script type="text/javascript" src="/wiki/extensions/ShowHideText/ShowHideText.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/wiki/extensions/ShowHideText/ShowHideText.css" /><div class="all-content"><div class="shown-content"> </div><a href="#ShowThis" class="ShowThis">Show more</a><div class="hidden-content"> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2020_presidential_primaries_and_caucuses">2020 presidential primaries and caucuses</span></h4> <p>The maps below detail voter participation rules for the Democratic and Republican parties in the 2020 presidential nominating process. Hover over a state to see additional information. </p><p><iframe title="Voter participation rules for 2020 presidential primaries and caucuses (Democratic Party)" aria-label="USA states choropleth map" id="datawrapper-chart-Q09ja" src="//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Q09ja/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var e in a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-"+e)||document.querySelector("iframe[src*='"+e+"']");if(t)(t.style.height=a.data["datawrapper-height"][e]+"px")}})}();</script> </p><p><iframe title="Voter participation rules for 2020 presidential primaries and caucuses (Republican Party)" aria-label="USA states choropleth map" id="datawrapper-chart-lyLGF" src="//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lyLGF/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var e in a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-"+e)||document.querySelector("iframe[src*='"+e+"']");if(t)(t.style.height=a.data["datawrapper-height"][e]+"px")}})}();</script> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2016_presidential_primaries_and_caucuses">2016 presidential primaries and caucuses</span></h4> <p>In the 2016 presidential election cycle, political parties in 22 states utilized open primaries and/or caucuses as part of the presidential nominating process. The map below identifies states in which at least one political party utilized open primaries or caucuses as part of the presidential nominating process in 2016. Hover over a state for additional details. </p> <center><iframe id="datawrapper-chart-5OiFQ" src="//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/5OiFQ/2/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important;" height="500"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">if("undefined"==typeof window.datawrapper)window.datawrapper={};window.datawrapper["5OiFQ"]={},window.datawrapper["5OiFQ"].embedDeltas={"100":821,"200":631,"300":576,"400":538,"500":521,"700":500,"800":500,"900":500,"1000":483},window.datawrapper["5OiFQ"].iframe=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-5OiFQ"),window.datawrapper["5OiFQ"].iframe.style.height=window.datawrapper["5OiFQ"].embedDeltas[Math.min(1e3,Math.max(100*Math.floor(window.datawrapper["5OiFQ"].iframe.offsetWidth/100),100))]+"px",window.addEventListener("message",function(a){if("undefined"!=typeof a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var b in a.data["datawrapper-height"])if("5OiFQ"==b)window.datawrapper["5OiFQ"].iframe.style.height=a.data["datawrapper-height"][b]+"px"});</script></center> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color:#bd1d27; color: white;">States in which at least one political party utilized open primaries or caucuses for presidential nominating process, 2016 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">State </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Open primaries or caucuses </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Alabama" title="Primary elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Arkansas" title="Primary elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_California" title="Primary elections in California">California</a></td> <td>Yes (Democrats, American Independents, and Libertarians) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Georgia" title="Primary elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Idaho" title="Primary elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></td> <td>Yes (Democrats) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Illinois" title="Primary elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Indiana" title="Primary elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Michigan" title="Primary elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Minnesota" title="Primary elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Mississippi" title="Primary elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Missouri" title="Primary elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Montana" title="Primary elections in Montana">Montana</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="Primary elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Ohio" title="Primary elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="Primary elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Texas" title="Primary elections in Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Utah" title="Primary elections in Utah">Utah</a></td> <td>Yes (Democrats) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Vermont" title="Primary elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Virginia" title="Primary elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Washington" title="Primary elections in Washington">Washington</a></td> <td>Yes (Democrats) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="Primary elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></td> <td>Yes </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Support_and_opposition">Support and opposition</span></h2> <p>The following quotes briefly summarize arguments for and against open primaries. For detailed support and opposition arguments from a variety of sources, see this page <b><a href="/Arguments_for_and_against_closed_primaries" title="Arguments for and against closed primaries">Arguments for and against closed primaries</a></b>. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="10" cellpadding="10" border="0" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8" align="center" style="background-color: #2B2B2B; color: white;">Arguments for and against closed primaries </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="1" align="center" style="background-color: #2B2B2B; color: white;"><b>Support</b> </th> <th colspan="1" align="center" style="background-color: #2B2B2B; color: white;"><b>Opposition</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>"Political parties at every level of government choose their nominees through primaries. That's the most important decision a party can make—and an organization's most important decisions should be made by members of that organization. Joining a political party in the United States is a pretty simple procedure. ... Allowing Independents and Republicans to select the Democrats' next nominees, or some other combination, is a good way to destroy a party and its meaning."<br /><br /><div align="right">-Seth Masket, University of Denver and the <i>Pacific Standard</i> (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-psmag_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psmag-9">[9]</a></sup></div></td> <td>"We have had primary elections to select nominees for general elections at the local, state and federal level for more than a century. They began as an alternative to having party bosses at each level simply name the candidates they wanted. As the system has evolved, however, primaries have come to be dominated by ideological partisans who please the more agenda-driven elements in either party who are the most likely to participate in primaries. There is comparatively little incentive to reach out to voters who might fall somewhere between the two parties."<br /><br /><div align="right">-Ron Elving, <i>NPR</i> (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_legislation_related_to_primaries">Recent legislation related to primaries</span></h2> <p>The table below includes state legislation related to primaries introduced during (or carried over to) the current year's legislative session. The following information is included for each bill: </p> <ul><li>State</li> <li>Bill number</li> <li>Official bill name or caption</li> <li>Most recent action date</li> <li>Legislative status</li> <li>Sponsor party</li> <li>Topics dealt with by the bill</li></ul> <p>Bills are organized by state and then by most recent action. The table displays up to 100 results. 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e.preventDefault(); $('.showCaptchaMessage').show(); } }); }); </script> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/Primary_election" title="Primary election">Primary election</a></li> <li><a href="/Primary_election_types_by_state" title="Primary election types by state">Primary election types by state</a></li> <li><a href="/State_primary_election_types" title="State primary election types">State primary election types</a></li> <li><a href="/Closed_primary" title="Closed primary">Closed primary</a></li> <li><a href="/Semi-closed_primary" title="Semi-closed primary">Semi-closed primary</a></li> <li><a href="/Top-two_primary" title="Top-two primary">Top-two primary</a></li> <li><a href="/Top-four_primary" title="Top-four primary">Top-four primary</a></li> <li><a href="/Blanket_primary" title="Blanket primary">Blanket primary</a></li> <li><a href="/Jungle_primary" title="Jungle primary">Jungle primary</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-enc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-enc_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/476109/primary-election#ref140175"><i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>, "Primary Election," accessed June 13, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncslprimaries-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncslprimaries_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncslprimaries_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/primary-types.aspx"><i>National Conference of State Legislatures</i>, "State Primary Election Types," May 26, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fairvoteprimaries-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fairvoteprimaries_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fairvoteprimaries_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fairvoteprimaries_3-2">3.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fairvote.org/archives/open-and-closed-primaries/"><i>FairVote</i>, "Who Can Vote in Congressional Primaries," accessed June 13, 2023</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "fairvoteprimaries" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sosfaq-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sosfaq_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.alabama.gov/alabama-votes/faqs"><i>Alabama Secretary of State</i>, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed November 20, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs4.asp?DocName=001000050HArt%2E+7&ActID=170&ChapterID=3&SeqStart=32700000&SeqEnd=41200000"><i>Illinois Compiled Statutes</i>, "Chapter 10 ILCS 5/, Article 7, Section 43," accessed June 13, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://iga.in.gov/legislative/laws/2017/ic/titles/003#3-10-1-6"><i>Indiana Code</i>, 'Section 3-10-1-6," accessed June 13, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=43&year=2017"><i>Iowa Code</i>, "Sections 43.38 and 43.42," accessed June 13, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/2016/title-2/chapter-7/section-2-7-115/"><i>Tennessee Code</i>, "Section 2-7-115," accessed June 13, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psmag-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-psmag_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://psmag.com/news/a-case-for-keeping-primary-voting-confined-to-party-members"><i>Pacific Standard</i>, "A Case for Keeping Primary Voting Confined to Party Members," March 19, 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/06/18/1105927483/in-a-time-of-national-division-polarizing-primaries-are-part-of-the-problem"><i>NPR</i>, "In a time of national division, polarizing primaries are part of the problem," June 18, 2022</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible 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Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/Election_Policy" title="Election Policy">Election policy</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b>Election legislation</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/elections/home">Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_The_Ballot_Bulletin" title="Ballotpedia's The Ballot Bulletin">Ballotpedia's The Ballot Bulletin</a> • <a href="/Election_legislation_tracking:_list_of_sub-topics" title="Election legislation tracking: list of sub-topics">Election legislation tracking: list of sub-topics</a> • <a href="/Election_legislation_tracking:_Absentee/mail-in_voting" title="Election legislation tracking: Absentee/mail-in voting">Absentee/mail-in voting</a> • <a href="/Election_legislation_tracking:_Early_voting" title="Election legislation tracking: Early voting">Early voting</a> • <a href="/Election_legislation_tracking:_Election_dates_and_deadlines" title="Election legislation tracking: Election dates and deadlines">Election dates and deadlines</a> • <a href="/Election_legislation_tracking:_Election_Day_voting" title="Election legislation tracking: Election Day voting">Election Day voting</a> • <a href="/Election_legislation_tracking:_Ranked-choice_voting" title="Election legislation tracking: Ranked-choice voting">Ranked-choice voting</a> • <a href="/Election_legislation_tracking:_Redistricting" title="Election legislation tracking: Redistricting">Redistricting</a> • <a href="/Election_legislation_tracking:_Voter_registration" title="Election legislation tracking: Voter 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href="/Election_administration_in_Florida" title="Election administration in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Georgia" title="Election administration in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Hawaii" title="Election administration in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Idaho" title="Election administration in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Illinois" title="Election administration in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Indiana" title="Election administration in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Iowa" title="Election administration in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Kansas" title="Election administration in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Kentucky" title="Election administration in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Louisiana" title="Election administration in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Maine" title="Election administration in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Maryland" title="Election administration in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Massachusetts" title="Election administration in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Michigan" title="Election administration in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Minnesota" title="Election administration in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Mississippi" title="Election administration in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Missouri" title="Election administration in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Montana" title="Election administration in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Nebraska" title="Election administration in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Nevada" title="Election administration in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_New_Hampshire" title="Election administration in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_New_Jersey" title="Election administration in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_New_Mexico" title="Election administration in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_New_York" title="Election administration in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_North_Carolina" title="Election administration in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_North_Dakota" title="Election administration in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Ohio" title="Election administration in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Oklahoma" title="Election administration in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Oregon" title="Election administration in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Pennsylvania" title="Election administration in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Rhode_Island" title="Election administration in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_South_Carolina" title="Election administration in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_South_Dakota" title="Election administration in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Tennessee" title="Election administration in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Texas" title="Election administration in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Utah" title="Election administration in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Vermont" title="Election administration in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Virginia" title="Election administration in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Washington" title="Election administration in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Election administration in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_West_Virginia" title="Election administration in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Wisconsin" title="Election administration in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Election_administration_in_Wyoming" title="Election administration in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b>Voting policy</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Voting_in_Alabama" title="Voting in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Alaska" title="Voting in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Arizona" title="Voting in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Arkansas" title="Voting in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_California" title="Voting in California">California</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Colorado" title="Voting in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Connecticut" title="Voting in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Delaware" title="Voting in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Florida" title="Voting in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Georgia" title="Voting in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Hawaii" title="Voting in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Idaho" title="Voting in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Illinois" title="Voting in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Indiana" title="Voting in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Iowa" title="Voting in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Kansas" title="Voting in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Kentucky" title="Voting in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Louisiana" title="Voting in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Maine" title="Voting in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Maryland" title="Voting in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Massachusetts" title="Voting in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Michigan" title="Voting in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Minnesota" title="Voting in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Mississippi" title="Voting in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Missouri" title="Voting in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Montana" title="Voting in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Nebraska" title="Voting in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Nevada" title="Voting in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_New_Hampshire" title="Voting in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_New_Jersey" title="Voting in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_New_Mexico" title="Voting in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_New_York" title="Voting in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_North_Carolina" title="Voting in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_North_Dakota" title="Voting in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Ohio" title="Voting in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Oklahoma" title="Voting in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Oregon" title="Voting in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Pennsylvania" title="Voting in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Rhode_Island" title="Voting in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_South_Carolina" title="Voting in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_South_Dakota" title="Voting in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Tennessee" title="Voting in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Texas" title="Voting in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Utah" title="Voting in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Vermont" title="Voting in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Virginia" title="Voting in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Washington" title="Voting in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_West_Virginia" title="Voting in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Wisconsin" title="Voting in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Voting_in_Wyoming" title="Voting in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Electoral systems policy</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Alabama" title="Electoral systems in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Alaska" title="Electoral systems in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Arizona" title="Electoral systems in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Arkansas" title="Electoral systems in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_California" title="Electoral systems in California">California</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Colorado" title="Electoral systems in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Connecticut" title="Electoral systems in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Delaware" title="Electoral systems in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Florida" title="Electoral systems in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Georgia" title="Electoral systems in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Hawaii" title="Electoral systems in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Idaho" title="Electoral systems in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Illinois" title="Electoral systems in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Indiana" title="Electoral systems in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Iowa" title="Electoral systems in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Kansas" title="Electoral systems in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Kentucky" title="Electoral systems in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Louisiana" title="Electoral systems in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Maine" title="Electoral systems in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Maryland" title="Electoral systems in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Massachusetts" title="Electoral systems in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Michigan" title="Electoral systems in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Minnesota" title="Electoral systems in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Mississippi" title="Electoral systems in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Missouri" title="Electoral systems in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Montana" title="Electoral systems in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Nebraska" title="Electoral systems in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Nevada" title="Electoral systems in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_New_Hampshire" title="Electoral systems in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_New_Jersey" title="Electoral systems in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_New_Mexico" title="Electoral systems in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_New_York" title="Electoral systems in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_North_Carolina" title="Electoral systems in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_North_Dakota" title="Electoral systems in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Ohio" title="Electoral systems in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Oklahoma" title="Electoral systems in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Oregon" title="Electoral systems in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Pennsylvania" title="Electoral systems in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Rhode_Island" title="Electoral systems in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_South_Carolina" title="Electoral systems in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_South_Dakota" title="Electoral systems in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Tennessee" title="Electoral systems in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Texas" title="Electoral systems in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Utah" title="Electoral systems in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Vermont" title="Electoral systems in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Virginia" title="Electoral systems in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Washington" title="Electoral systems in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_West_Virginia" title="Electoral systems in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Wisconsin" title="Electoral systems in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Electoral_systems_in_Wyoming" title="Electoral systems in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/Primary_election" title="Primary election">Primary elections policy</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Primary_elections_in_Alabama" title="Primary elections in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Alaska" title="Primary elections in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Arizona" title="Primary elections in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Arkansas" title="Primary elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_California" title="Primary elections in California">California</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Colorado" title="Primary elections in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Connecticut" title="Primary elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Delaware" title="Primary elections in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Florida" title="Primary elections in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Georgia" title="Primary elections in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Hawaii" title="Primary elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Idaho" title="Primary elections in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Illinois" title="Primary elections in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Indiana" title="Primary elections in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Iowa" title="Primary elections in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Kansas" title="Primary elections in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Kentucky" title="Primary elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Louisiana" title="Primary elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Maine" title="Primary elections in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Maryland" title="Primary elections in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="Primary elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Michigan" title="Primary elections in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Minnesota" title="Primary elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Mississippi" title="Primary elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Missouri" title="Primary elections in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Montana" title="Primary elections in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Nebraska" title="Primary elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Nevada" title="Primary elections in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="Primary elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_New_Jersey" title="Primary elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_New_Mexico" title="Primary elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_New_York" title="Primary elections in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_North_Carolina" title="Primary elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="Primary elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Ohio" title="Primary elections in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Oklahoma" title="Primary elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Oregon" title="Primary elections in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="Primary elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Rhode_Island" title="Primary elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="Primary elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="Primary elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Tennessee" title="Primary elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Texas" title="Primary elections in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Utah" title="Primary elections in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Vermont" title="Primary elections in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Virginia" title="Primary elections in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Washington" title="Primary elections in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="Primary elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="Primary elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Primary_elections_in_Wyoming" title="Primary elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/Redistricting" title="Redistricting">Redistricting policy</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Redistricting_in_Alabama" title="Redistricting in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Alaska" title="Redistricting in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Arizona" title="Redistricting in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Arkansas" title="Redistricting in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_California" title="Redistricting in California">California</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Colorado" title="Redistricting in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Connecticut" title="Redistricting in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Delaware" title="Redistricting in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Florida" title="Redistricting in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Georgia" title="Redistricting in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Hawaii" title="Redistricting in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Idaho" title="Redistricting in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Illinois" title="Redistricting in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Indiana" title="Redistricting in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Iowa" title="Redistricting in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Kansas" title="Redistricting in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Kentucky" title="Redistricting in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Louisiana" title="Redistricting in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Maine" title="Redistricting in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Maryland" title="Redistricting in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Massachusetts" title="Redistricting in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Michigan" title="Redistricting in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Minnesota" title="Redistricting in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Mississippi" title="Redistricting in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Missouri" title="Redistricting in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Montana" title="Redistricting in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Nebraska" title="Redistricting in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Nevada" title="Redistricting in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_New_Hampshire" title="Redistricting in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_New_Jersey" title="Redistricting in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_New_Mexico" title="Redistricting in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_New_York" title="Redistricting in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_North_Carolina" title="Redistricting in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_North_Dakota" title="Redistricting in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Ohio" title="Redistricting in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Oklahoma" title="Redistricting in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Oregon" title="Redistricting in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Pennsylvania" title="Redistricting in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Rhode_Island" title="Redistricting in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_South_Carolina" title="Redistricting in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_South_Dakota" title="Redistricting in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Tennessee" title="Redistricting in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Texas" title="Redistricting in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Utah" title="Redistricting in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Vermont" title="Redistricting in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Virginia" title="Redistricting in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Washington" title="Redistricting in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_West_Virginia" title="Redistricting in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Wisconsin" title="Redistricting in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Redistricting_in_Wyoming" title="Redistricting in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/Election_recount_laws_and_procedures_in_the_50_states" title="Election recount laws and procedures in the 50 states">Recount laws</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Recount_laws_in_Alabama" title="Recount laws in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Alaska" title="Recount laws in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Arizona" title="Recount laws in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Arkansas" title="Recount laws in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_California" title="Recount laws in California">California</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Colorado" title="Recount laws in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Connecticut" title="Recount laws in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Delaware" title="Recount laws in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Florida" title="Recount laws in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Georgia" title="Recount laws in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Hawaii" title="Recount laws in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Idaho" title="Recount laws in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Illinois" title="Recount laws in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Indiana" title="Recount laws in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Iowa" title="Recount laws in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Kansas" title="Recount laws in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Kentucky" title="Recount laws in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Louisiana" title="Recount laws in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Maine" title="Recount laws in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Maryland" title="Recount laws in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Massachusetts" title="Recount laws in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Michigan" title="Recount laws in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Minnesota" title="Recount laws in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Mississippi" title="Recount laws in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Missouri" title="Recount laws in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Montana" title="Recount laws in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Nebraska" title="Recount laws in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Nevada" title="Recount laws in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_New_Hampshire" title="Recount laws in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_New_Jersey" title="Recount laws in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_New_Mexico" title="Recount laws in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_New_York" title="Recount laws in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_North_Carolina" title="Recount laws in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_North_Dakota" title="Recount laws in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Ohio" title="Recount laws in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Oklahoma" title="Recount laws in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Oregon" title="Recount laws in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Pennsylvania" title="Recount laws in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Rhode_Island" title="Recount laws in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_South_Carolina" title="Recount laws in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_South_Dakota" title="Recount laws in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Tennessee" title="Recount laws in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Texas" title="Recount laws in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Utah" title="Recount laws in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Vermont" title="Recount laws in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Virginia" title="Recount laws in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Washington" title="Recount laws in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_West_Virginia" title="Recount laws in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Wisconsin" title="Recount laws in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Recount_laws_in_Wyoming" title="Recount laws in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/Ballot_access" title="Ballot access">Ballot access for<br />political candidates</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Alabama" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Alaska" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Arizona" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Arkansas" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_California" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in California">California</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Colorado" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Connecticut" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Delaware" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Florida" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Georgia" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Hawaii" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Idaho" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Illinois" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Indiana" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Iowa" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Kansas" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Kentucky" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Louisiana" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Maine" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Maryland" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Massachusetts" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Michigan" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Minnesota" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Mississippi" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Missouri" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Montana" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Nebraska" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Nevada" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_New_Hampshire" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_New_Jersey" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_New_Mexico" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_New_York" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_North_Carolina" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_North_Dakota" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Ohio" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Oklahoma" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Oregon" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Pennsylvania" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Rhode_Island" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_South_Carolina" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_South_Dakota" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Tennessee" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Texas" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Utah" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Vermont" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Virginia" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Washington" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_West_Virginia" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Wisconsin" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Wyoming" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/Ballot_access_for_presidential_candidates" title="Ballot access for presidential candidates">Ballot access for<br />presidential candidates</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Alabama" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Alaska" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Arizona" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Arkansas" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_California" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in California">California</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Colorado" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Connecticut" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Delaware" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Florida" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Georgia" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Hawaii" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Idaho" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Illinois" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Indiana" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Iowa" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Kansas" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Kentucky" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Louisiana" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Maine" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Maryland" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Massachusetts" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Michigan" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Minnesota" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Mississippi" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Missouri" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Montana" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Nebraska" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Nevada" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_New_Hampshire" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_New_Jersey" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_New_Mexico" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_New_York" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_North_Carolina" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_North_Dakota" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Ohio" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Oklahoma" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Oregon" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Pennsylvania" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Rhode_Island" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_South_Carolina" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_South_Dakota" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Tennessee" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Texas" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Utah" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Vermont" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Virginia" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Washington" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_West_Virginia" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Wisconsin" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Wyoming" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr style="background-color:#A0A0A0;" /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#F8F8F8;;"><b><a href="/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">Ballot access for<br />political parties</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Alabama" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Alaska" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Arizona" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Arkansas" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_California" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in California">California</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Colorado" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Connecticut" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Delaware" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Florida" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Georgia" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Hawaii" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Idaho" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Illinois" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Indiana" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Iowa" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Kansas" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Kentucky" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Louisiana" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Maine" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Maryland" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Massachusetts" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Michigan" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Minnesota" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Mississippi" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Missouri" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Montana" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Nebraska" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Nevada" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_New_Hampshire" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_New_Jersey" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_New_Mexico" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_New_York" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_North_Carolina" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_North_Dakota" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Ohio" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Oklahoma" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a 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href="/Ballotpedia:Carley_Allensworth" title="Ballotpedia:Carley Allensworth">Carley Allensworth</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Abigail_Campbell" title="Ballotpedia:Abigail Campbell">Abigail Campbell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Sarah_Groat" title="Ballotpedia:Sarah Groat">Sarah Groat</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Nathaniel_Harwood" title="Ballotpedia:Nathaniel Harwood">Nathaniel Harwood</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Dillon_Redmond" title="Ballotpedia:Dillon Redmond">Dillon Redmond</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Erica_Shumaker" title="Ballotpedia:Erica Shumaker">Erica Shumaker</a><br /> <b>External Relations: </b><a href="/Ballotpedia:Ashley_Fleming" title="Ballotpedia:Ashley Fleming">Ashley Fleming</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Hannah_Nelson" title="Ballotpedia:Hannah Nelson">Hannah Nelson</a><br /> <b>Operations:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Meghann_Olshefski" title="Ballotpedia:Meghann Olshefski">Meghann Olshefski</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Amanda_Herbert" title="Ballotpedia:Amanda Herbert">Amanda 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Susmitha</a><br /> </p> <b>Contributors:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Scott_Rasmussen" title="Ballotpedia:Scott Rasmussen">Scott Rasmussen</a> <hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b>Editorial Content</b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Geoff_Pallay" title="Ballotpedia:Geoff Pallay">Geoff Pallay, Director of Editorial Content and Editor-in-Chief</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ken_Carbullido" title="Ballotpedia:Ken Carbullido">Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Norm_Leahy" title="Ballotpedia:Norm Leahy">Norm Leahy, Senior Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Daniel_Anderson" title="Ballotpedia:Daniel Anderson">Daniel Anderson, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ryan_Byrne" title="Ballotpedia:Ryan Byrne">Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Cory_Eucalitto" title="Ballotpedia:Cory Eucalitto">Cory Eucalitto, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Gillip" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy Gillip">Mandy McConnell, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Doug_Kronaizl" title="Ballotpedia:Doug Kronaizl">Doug Kronaizl, Local Elections Project Manager</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jaclyn_Beran" title="Ballotpedia:Jaclyn Beran">Jaclyn Beran</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Marielle_Bricker" title="Ballotpedia:Marielle Bricker">Marielle Bricker</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Joseph_Brusgard" title="Ballotpedia:Joseph Brusgard">Joseph Brusgard</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Emma_Burlingame" title="Ballotpedia:Emma Burlingame">Emma Burlingame</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kelly_Coyle" title="Ballotpedia:Kelly Coyle">Kelly Coyle</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Thomas_Ellis" title="Ballotpedia:Thomas 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title="Ballotpedia:Jackie Mitchell">Jackie Mitchell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ellen_Morrissey" title="Ballotpedia:Ellen Morrissey">Ellen Morrissey</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mackenzie_Murphy" title="Ballotpedia:Mackenzie Murphy">Mackenzie Murphy</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kaley_Platek" title="Ballotpedia:Kaley Platek">Kaley Platek</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Samantha_Post" title="Ballotpedia:Samantha Post">Samantha Post</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Adam_Powell" title="Ballotpedia:Adam Powell">Adam Powell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ethan_Rice" title="Ballotpedia:Ethan Rice">Ethan Rice</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Spencer_Richardson" title="Ballotpedia:Spencer Richardson">Spencer Richardson</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Victoria_Rose" title="Ballotpedia:Victoria Rose">Victoria Rose</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Briana_Ryan" title="Ballotpedia:Briana Ryan">Briana Ryan</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Myj_Saintyl" title="Ballotpedia:Myj Saintyl">Myj Saintyl</a> • <a 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