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id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Financial_audit_of_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_audit_of_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Financial audit of 2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_audit_of_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007_re-election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_re-election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>2007 re-election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_re-election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>2009 elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kostas Karamanlis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="كوستاس كرامنليس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوستاس كرامنليس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Константинос Александру Караманлис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Константинос Александру Караманлис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanl%C3%ADs" title="Kostas Karamanlís – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kostas Karamanlís" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3stas_Karamanl%C3%ADs" title="Kóstas Karamanlís – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kóstas Karamanlís" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Κώστας Καραμανλής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κώστας Καραμανλής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanl%C3%ADs" title="Kostas Karamanlís – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kostas Karamanlís" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کوستاس کارامانلیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوستاس کارامانلیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3stas_Karamanl%C3%ADs" title="Kóstas Karamanlís – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kóstas Karamanlís" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costas_Caramanlis" title="Costas Caramanlis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Costas Caramanlis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="코스타스 카라만리스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코스타스 카라만리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Կոստաս Կարամանլիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոստաս Կարամանլիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dstas_Karamanl%C4%ABs" title="Kōstas Karamanlīs – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kōstas Karamanlīs" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1" title="קוסטס קרמנליס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסטס קרמנליס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinus_A._Caramanles" title="Constantinus A. Caramanles – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constantinus A. Caramanles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Костас Караманлис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Костас Караманлис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="कोस्टास कारामानलिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोस्टास कारामानलिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="كوستاس كرامنليس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوستاس كرامنليس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="コスタス・カラマンリス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コスタス・カラマンリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanl%C3%ADs" title="Kostas Karamanlís – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kostas Karamanlís" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Караманлис, Костас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Караманлис, Костас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B8)" title="Костас Караманлис (млађи) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Костас Караманлис (млађи)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis_(mla%C4%91i)" title="Kostas Karamanlis (mlađi) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis (mlađi)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3stas_Karamanl%C3%ADs" title="Kóstas Karamanlís – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kóstas Karamanlís" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kostas Karamanlis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Костас Караманліс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Костас Караманліс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Prime Minister of Greece between 2004 and 2009. For his uncle, a former Prime Minister and President of Greece, see <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis_(politician,_born_1974)" title="Kostas Karamanlis (politician, born 1974)">Kostas Karamanlis (politician, born 1974)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Kostas Karamanlis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Κώστας Καραμανλής</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kostas_Karamanlis_2009_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kostas_Karamanlis_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Kostas_Karamanlis_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kostas_Karamanlis_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Kostas_Karamanlis_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kostas_Karamanlis_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Kostas_Karamanlis_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="853" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Karamanlis in 2009</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 March 2004 – 6 October 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Stephanopoulos" title="Konstantinos Stephanopoulos">Konstantinos Stephanopoulos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Karolos_Papoulias" title="Karolos Papoulias">Karolos Papoulias</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Sports_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and Sports (Greece)">Minister for Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 March 2004 – 15 February 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Himself</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Venizelos" title="Evangelos Venizelos">Evangelos Venizelos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Voulgarakis" title="Georgios Voulgarakis">Georgios Voulgarakis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">President of New Democracy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 March 1997 – 30 November 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Miltiadis Evert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 October 2009 – 30 November 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karolos_Papoulias" title="Karolos Papoulias">Karolos Papoulias</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 March 1997 – 10 March 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Stephanopoulos" title="Konstantinos Stephanopoulos">Konstantinos Stephanopoulos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Miltiadis Evert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 June 1989 – 22 April 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_A" title="Thessaloniki A">Thessaloniki A</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Konstantinos Karamanlis</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1956-09-14</span>) </span>14 September 1956<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 68)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece_(Gl%C3%BCcksburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)">Greece</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Natasa_Paza%C3%AFti" title="Natasa Pazaïti">Natasa Pazaïti</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1998)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a> (uncle)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis_(politician,_born_1974)" title="Kostas Karamanlis (politician, born 1974)">Kostas Karamanlis</a> (cousin)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">University of Athens</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Fletcher_School_of_Law_and_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy">Tufts University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Konstantinos A. Karamanlis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Κωνσταντίνος Αλεξάνδρου Καραμανλής</span>; born 14 September 1956), commonly known as <b>Kostas Karamanlis</b> (Greek: <span lang="el">Κώστας Καραμανλής</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ˈkostas<span class="wrap"> </span>karamanˈlis]</a></span>), is a Greek retired politician who served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">prime minister of Greece</a> from 2004 to 2009. He was also president of the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a> party, founded by his uncle <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a>, from 1997 to 2009, and as member of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a> from 1989 to 2023. </p><p>Karamanlis was first elected as a member of the Hellenic Parliament for New Democracy in <a href="/wiki/June_1989_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1989 Greek legislative election">1989</a> and became president of the party in 1997. After leading the opposition in the Hellenic Parliament for seven years and his narrow defeat in the <a href="/wiki/2000_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Greek legislative election">2000 parliamentary election</a>, he served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Greece">181st Prime Minister of Greece</a> for two consecutive terms, winning the <a href="/wiki/2004_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Greek legislative election">2004 election</a>, with an all-time record number of votes, and again in <a href="/wiki/2007_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Greek legislative election">2007</a>. However, he asked for mid-term <a href="/wiki/2009_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Greek legislative election">general elections in 2009</a>, as his party enjoyed a narrow parliamentary majority that could not guarantee a stable government needed to handle the <a href="/wiki/Greek_government-debt_crisis" title="Greek government-debt crisis">Greek financial crisis</a>. Eventually, Karamanlis was defeated and resigned as president of New Democracy after twelve years as the party's leader, being active in politics though as a member of the parliament. On 21 February 2023, it was announced that he would not be a parliamentary candidate and that he would retire from politics after the <a href="/wiki/May_2023_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2023 Greek legislative election">2023 election</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kostas Karamanlis, a nephew of former Greek President <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a>, was born in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and studied at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Athens">University of Athens</a> Law School and at the private <a href="/wiki/Deree_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Deree College">Deree College</a>, continuing with postgraduate studies in the <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_School_of_Law_and_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy">Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>) in the United States, where he gained a master's degree and a doctorate in political sciences, international relations and diplomatic history.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karamanlis served in New Democracy's organisational and ideological sectors from 1974 to 1979 and from 1984 to 1989. He is the author of a book, <i>Eleftherios Venizelos and Foreign Relations of Greece, 1928–32</i>, on the Greek politician <a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also edited and prefaced various historical publications. </p><p>Karamanlis was elected a New Democracy deputy for <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> in 1989, but in 2004 he was elected for <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a>. He was elected party leader in 1997 following New Democracy's defeat in the 1996 election. He defeated the ruling <a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Socialist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Panhellenic Socialist Movement">Panhellenic Socialist Movement</a> (PASOK) at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Greek legislative election">2004 elections</a>. </p><p>He served as one of the Vice Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (EPP) between 1999 and 2006. </p><p>Karamanlis was the first Greek Prime Minister to be born after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. He married <a href="/wiki/Natasa_Paza%C3%AFti" title="Natasa Pazaïti">Natasa Pazaïti</a> in 1998; they have two children (a boy and a girl, twins), born on 13 June 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aided by the unpopularity of the incumbent PASOK government led by <a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a> (a party that had been in power between 1981 and 1989 and from 1993 to 2004) ND defeated the Socialists' <a href="/wiki/George_Andreas_Papandreou" class="mw-redirect" title="George Andreas Papandreou">George Andreas Papandreou</a> in 2004. </p><p>Karamanlis stated that the priorities of his government were <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">economic policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy" title="Agricultural policy">agricultural policy</a>, lowering the high level of <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a> (standing at 11.2%) and a more <a href="/wiki/Open_government" title="Open government">transparent</a> and effective state administration. Economic policy centered on <a href="/wiki/Tax_cut" title="Tax cut">tax cuts</a>, investment incentives, <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">market deregulation</a>. While early problems included a large <a href="/wiki/Public_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="Public debt">public debt</a> (about 112% of GDP) and a budget deficit (5.3% of the GDP) in excess of <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> stability rules, Karamanlis's government halved the budget deficit to 2.6% by 2006. </p><p>Another key issue was the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> scheduled to be held in Athens in the first year of his government: several key buildings were unfinished at the time of the election, the security budget had increased to €970 million and authorities announced that a roof would no longer be constructed over the main swimming venue. The main <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Athens)" title="Olympic Stadium (Athens)">Olympic Stadium</a>, the designated facility for the opening and closing ceremonies, was completed only two months before the games opened, with the sliding over of a futuristic glass roof designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. Other facilities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">streetcar</a> line linking the city and the airport were largely unfinished just two months before the games. The subsequent pace of preparation, however, made the rush to finish the Athens venues one of the tightest in Olympics history and everything was finished just in time for the Opening Ceremony. At the end, the Games were held exactly as planned and were globally hailed as a spectacular success. Nonetheless and as a result of the delays, large <a href="/wiki/Cost_overruns" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost overruns">cost overruns</a> resulted in a deficit in the national accounts above EU stipulations.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ND government and the previous government of <a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a> criticized each other for the messy preparations. PASOK criticized the New Democracy government for using the Olympics as a pretext to renege on promises. Under the weight of the huge costs (estimated at €7bn), the deficit shot up to 5.3%. Karamanlis declared that "<a href="/wiki/Social_policy" title="Social policy">Social policy</a> was done with borrowed cash, <a href="/wiki/Military_spending" class="mw-redirect" title="Military spending">military spending</a> did not show up on the budget, <a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">debts</a> were created in secret".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financial_audit_of_2004">Financial audit of 2004</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Financial audit of 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_(922).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28922%29.jpg/250px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28922%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28922%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28922%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28922%29.jpg/500px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Congress_Warsaw_%28922%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Kostas Karamanlis giving a speech in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_1_May_2004_Dublin_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_1_May_2004_Dublin_%283%29.jpg/250px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_1_May_2004_Dublin_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_1_May_2004_Dublin_%283%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_1_May_2004_Dublin_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_1_May_2004_Dublin_%283%29.jpg/500px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_1_May_2004_Dublin_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>José Manuel Barroso and Kostas Karamanlis in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> in 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 2004, while PASOK was still in government, Eurostat refused to validate the fiscal data transmitted by the Greek government and asked for a revision, as it had done previously -twice- in 2002, then resulting in a revision which changed the government balance from a surplus to a deficit. </p><p>A worse blow came in May 2004, when the European Commission harshly accused Greece of "imprudent" and "sloppy" fiscal policies,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pointing out that since Greek economic growth had been an annual 4% in 2000–2003, a declining fiscal position could only be the result of government mismanagement, including concerns by the EU regarding the 103% <a href="/wiki/Public_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="Public debt">public debt</a> to GDP ratio which Karamanlis had inherited from the previous PASOK regime. With this report, the Commission effectively called into question the quality of Greek economic data, as Eurostat had done in March. </p><p>The New Democracy government under Karamanlis, elected on April of that year, decided to conduct a Financial Audit of the Greek economy, before sending <a href="/wiki/Revised_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Revised data">revised data</a> to Eurostat. The audit concluded that the PASOK administration and prime minister Costas Simitis had falsified Greece's macroeconomic statistics, on the basis of which the European institutions accepted Greece to join the Eurozone. PASOK contested the accusations and claimed that 2006 Eurostat changes to the system of defense expenditure calculation<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> legitimized the practices of the Costas Simitis government. New Democracy responded that the defense expenditures covered by those changes constituted only a small part of much more substantial expenditures that were fraudulently concealed by the previous PASOK government. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Social_policy" title="Social policy">social policy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Retirement_age" title="Retirement age">retirement age</a> was raised from 58 to 60 for those with 35 years of insurance, while early retirement went up from 55 to 60 for those who entered the labor market after 1993. <a href="/wiki/Social_pension" title="Social pension">Supplementary pensions</a> were also cut. In addition, mothers with under-aged children could retire at 55 instead of 50, while <a href="/wiki/Parental_leave" title="Parental leave">paid maternity leave</a> was extended to 6 months in the private sector. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rising <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a> and the threat of <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> undermined Karamanlis' promises to kick-start the economy and sparked <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strikes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially one in 2006 by rubbish collectors,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing severe disruption in the economy – particularly the one in July 2005 at the height of the tourist season. </p><p>In early 2006, it was revealed that the cellular phone of Kostas Karamanlis, as well as those of several other members of the government and officials of the armed forces, had been <a href="/wiki/Wiretapping" title="Wiretapping">wiretapped</a> for several months during and after the 2004 Athens Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The investigation into this matter by the Greek organization for communications privacy was closed with the argument that if this investigation would carry on, the information revealed would be dangerous for the <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> of Greece. </p><p>The government has undertaken a €210 million program to bolster broadband internet connectivity in provincial Greece, which was approved by the European Commission in 2006 with the commendation that it constituted "the most ambitious broadband development programme that any EU member has ever undertaken". </p><p>In matters of social policy, Karamanlis's government has followed a largely <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> policy. In the spring of 2006, the Ministry of Education repealed a law continuously in effect from 1936 (including 20 years of socialist rule), which required approval by the local Orthodox Christian Metropolitan for the building of non-Orthodox houses of worship. </p><p>At the outset of the year, prime minister Karamanlis announced the initiative of his government for a new amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Greece" title="Constitution of Greece">Constitution</a>. He stated that one of the central issues of this amendment will be the legalisation of <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private universities</a> in Greece, operating on a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">non-profit</a> basis. Greece has for years experienced a mass exodus of "educational immigrants" to other countries' Higher Education institutions, where they move to study; this creates a chronic problem for Greece, in terms of loss of capital as well as human resources, since many of those students opt to seek employment in the countries they studied, after getting their degrees (it is characteristic Greece is by far the leading country in the world in terms of students abroad as a percentage of the general population, with 5250 students per million, compared to second Malaysia's 1780 students per million inhabitants). Proponents of non-state owned Universities claim that the State's constitutionally mandated monopoly on <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Higher Education</a> is responsible for these problems. </p><p>Attempted changes in <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Greece">Greek higher education</a> have encountered fierce opposition from the other parties, as well as from the majority of the academic community, both <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">students</a>. An attempt to pass several changes concerning the operation of Greek universities resulted in large-scale demonstrations, bringing together tens of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">protesters</a>, and, finally, the closure of most institutions by protesting students in the summer of 2006. The semester's exam period was lost and postponed until the fall, while the government shelved the changes and claimed that no bill would be put to a parliamentary vote before a more extensive dialogue had been held with students. However, without any further <a href="/wiki/Dialogue" title="Dialogue">dialogue</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> was passed in 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2007_re-election">2007 re-election</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2007 re-election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_14_December_2006_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_14_December_2006_%284%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_14_December_2006_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_14_December_2006_%284%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_14_December_2006_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_14_December_2006_%284%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_europeanpeoplesparty_-_EPP_Summit_14_December_2006_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Kostas Karamanlis with German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2007_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Greek legislative election">2007 general election</a>, Karamanlis was re-elected with a <a href="/wiki/Diminished_responsibility" title="Diminished responsibility">diminished</a> <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/2007_Greek_forest_fires" title="2007 Greek forest fires">2007 Greek forest fires</a> that ravaged much of western <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>. He pledged to continue with his <a href="/wiki/Reform" title="Reform">reform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> programme as well as to form a new Cabinet. </p><p>On 19 September 2007, he presented a new cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_elections">2009 elections</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2009 elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2009_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Greek legislative election">2009 general election</a>, Karamanlis and New Democracy were voted out of the government. He stepped down on 30 November after elections within the New Democracy party for the election of new party leader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prime minister came under criticism during the <a href="/wiki/2007_Greek_forest_fires" title="2007 Greek forest fires">wildfires of 2007</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With hundreds of thousands of acres burning and many deaths, the government had faced growing scrutiny for its response to the fires. In the days following the fires and the seeming lack of a substantial fire-fighting response adequate to stop the blazes, the government suggested the process was not natural and the work of arsonists. </p><p>A group of Pakistani men has claimed that they were abducted by Greek and British intelligence agents in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7 July 2005 London bombings</a>. The governments of Greece, Pakistan, and Britain have denied accusations that they were involved in the alleged detention of 28 Pakistanis for several days in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and Ioannina after the 7 July bombings in London. The prosecutor assigned to the case said he had no evidence of who committed the abductions, but the main opposition party <a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Socialist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Panhellenic Socialist Movement">PASOK</a> called for the resignation of Greek <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Public_Order_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Public Order (Greece)">public order minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Voulgarakis" title="Georgios Voulgarakis">Georgios Voulgarakis</a>. An unnamed human rights group (possibly biased) also called for the resignation of the Prime Minister, Kostas Karamanlis over the allegations. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of serious scandals involving Karamanlis' closest ministers and members of his party surfaced during his term, damaging his public image severely. Karamanlis was largely elected in 2004 due to his plea to "clear" public life from corruption. </p><p>Another criticism against Karamanlis and his cabinet involved the <a href="/wiki/2008_civil_unrest_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 civil unrest in Greece">2008 riots</a>, which started after the killing of 15-year-old Alexandros Grigoropoulos by a police officer. Police said Grigoropoulos was in a group of four teenagers who used hard language to a few policemen by a car. One officer was charged, and Reuters noted that "Greece has a tradition of violence at student rallies and fire bomb attacks by anarchist groups." <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> called for a speedy investigation. The death of Grigoropoulos resulted in large demonstrations and widespread riots in major Greek and foreign cities. </p><p>After he left office, many in Greece continued to blame the New Democracy governments of Karamanlis for economic difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Financial markets and Greece's EU partners chastised the country for vastly underestimated budget deficits under his watch.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Greece" title="Cabinet of Greece">Cabinet of Greece</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kostas-Karamanlis#">"Kostas Karamanlis | Biography & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Kostas+Karamanlis+%7C+Biography+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FKostas-Karamanlis%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostas+Karamanlis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>o eleutherios venizelos kai oi exoterikes mas scheseis 1928–1932</i>, Ekdoseis Papazisi (2006), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9600211443" title="Special:BookSources/978-9600211443">978-9600211443</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3770981.stm">"Olympics 'may cost Greece dear'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 2 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekembassy.org/embassy/content/en/Article.aspx?office=3&folder=361&article=16521">the original</a> on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Europe+Weighs+Possibility+of+Debt+Default+in+Greece&rft.date=2010-01-29&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Saltmarsh%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F01%2F29%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal%2F29bailout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostas+Karamanlis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostas_Karamanlis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080830100457/http://www.charlierose.com/shows/2005/09/16/1/a-conversation-with-greek-prime-minister-kostas-karamanlis">Kostas Karamanlis</a> on the <i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Rose Show">Charlie Rose Show</a></i>, 16 September 2005 <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Miltiadis Evert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a> </b><br />1997–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Miltiadis Evert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />1997–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a> </b><br />2004–2009 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Venizelos" title="Evangelos Venizelos">Evangelos Venizelos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Sports_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and Sports (Greece)">Minister for Culture</a> </b><br />2004–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Voulgarakis" title="Georgios Voulgarakis">Georgios Voulgarakis</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Afroditi_Latinopoulou" title="Afroditi Latinopoulou">Afroditi Latinopoulou</a></div><i><b>as President of Voice of Reason </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a 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title="Petrobey Mavromichalis">P. Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kountouriotis" title="Georgios Kountouriotis">Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Zaimis" title="Andreas Zaimis">And. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">I. Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinos_Kapodistrias" title="Augustinos Kapodistrias">A. Kapodistrias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a>)<br />(1833–1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Trikoupis" title="Spyridon Trikoupis">Sp. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kolettis" title="Ioannis Kolettis">Kolettis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ludwig_von_Armansperg" title="Josef Ludwig von Armansperg">von Armansperg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_Rudhart" title="Ignaz von Rudhart">von Rudhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">King Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">King Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Metaxas" title="Andreas Metaxas">A. Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kolettis" title="Ioannis Kolettis">Kolettis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsos_Tzavelas" title="Kitsos Tzavelas">Tzavelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kountouriotis" title="Georgios Kountouriotis">Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kriezis" title="Antonios Kriezis">Kriezis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Miaoulis" title="Athanasios Miaoulis">Miaoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennaios_Kolokotronis" title="Gennaios Kolokotronis">Kolokotronis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (Interregnum)<br />(1862–1863)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Moraitinis" title="Aristeidis Moraitinis">Moraitinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinovios_Valvis" title="Zinovios Valvis">Z. Valvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomidis_Kyriakos" title="Diomidis Kyriakos">Kyriakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Roufos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a>)<br />(1863–1924)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinovios_Valvis" title="Zinovios Valvis">Z. Valvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Roufos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Roufos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Moraitinis" title="Aristeidis Moraitinis">Moraitinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasyvoulos_Zaimis" title="Thrasyvoulos Zaimis">Thr. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasyvoulos_Zaimis" title="Thrasyvoulos Zaimis">Thr. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Valvis" title="Dimitrios Valvis">D. Valvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Konstantopoulos" title="Konstantinos Konstantopoulos">Konstantopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Sotiropoulos" title="Sotirios Sotiropoulos">Sotiropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis" title="Nikolaos Deligiannis">Deligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">G. Theotokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">G. Theotokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">G. Theotokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">G. Theotokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakoulis_Mavromichalis" title="Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis">K. Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Dragoumis" title="Stefanos Dragoumis">Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gounaris" title="Dimitrios Gounaris">Gounaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Skouloudis" title="Stefanos Skouloudis">Skouloudis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kalogeropoulos" title="Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos">Kalogeropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Lambros" title="Spyridon Lambros">Lambros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kalogeropoulos" title="Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos">Kalogeropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gounaris" title="Dimitrios Gounaris">Gounaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Stratos" title="Nikolaos Stratos">Stratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petros_Protopapadakis" title="Petros Protopapadakis">Protopapadakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Triantafyllakos" title="Nikolaos Triantafyllakos">Triantafyllakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Charalambis" title="Anastasios Charalambis">Charalambis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Krokidas" title="Sotirios Krokidas">Krokidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylianos_Gonatas" title="Stylianos Gonatas">Gonatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kafantaris" title="Georgios Kafantaris">Kafantaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Hellenic_Republic" title="Second Hellenic Republic">Second Hellenic Republic</a><br />(1924–1935)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papanastasiou" title="Alexandros Papanastasiou">Papanastasiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themistoklis_Sofoulis" title="Themistoklis Sofoulis">Sofoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Michalakopoulos" title="Andreas Michalakopoulos">Michalakopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Pangalos_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoros Pangalos (general)">Pangalos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Eftaxias" title="Athanasios Eftaxias">Eftaxias</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kondylis" title="Georgios Kondylis">Kondylis</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papanastasiou" title="Alexandros Papanastasiou">Papanastasiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagis_Tsaldaris" title="Panagis Tsaldaris">P. Tsaldaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Othonaios" title="Alexandros Othonaios">Othonaios</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagis_Tsaldaris" title="Panagis Tsaldaris">P. Tsaldaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a>)<br />(1935–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kondylis" title="Georgios Kondylis">Kondylis</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Demertzis" title="Konstantinos Demertzis">Demertzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">I. Metaxas</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koryzis" title="Alexandros Koryzis">Koryzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanouil_Tsouderos" title="Emmanouil Tsouderos">Tsouderos</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Tsolakoglou" title="Georgios Tsolakoglou">Tsolakoglou</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Logothetopoulos" title="Konstantinos Logothetopoulos">Logothetopoulos</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Rallis" title="Ioannis Rallis">I. Rallis</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evripidis_Bakirtzis" title="Evripidis Bakirtzis">Bakirtzis</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofoklis_Venizelos" title="Sofoklis Venizelos">S. Venizelos</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Svolos" title="Alexandros Svolos">Svolos</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">G. Papandreou (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petros_Voulgaris" title="Petros Voulgaris">P. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaskinos_of_Athens" title="Damaskinos of Athens">Archbishop Damaskinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Kanellopoulos" title="Panagiotis Kanellopoulos">Kanellopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themistoklis_Sofoulis" title="Themistoklis Sofoulis">Sofoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Poulitsas" title="Panagiotis Poulitsas">Poulitsas</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsaldaris" title="Konstantinos Tsaldaris">K. Tsaldaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Maximos" title="Dimitrios Maximos">Maximos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsaldaris" title="Konstantinos Tsaldaris">K. Tsaldaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themistoklis_Sofoulis" title="Themistoklis Sofoulis">Sofoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markos_Vafeiadis" title="Markos Vafeiadis">Vafeiadis</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Partsalidis" title="Dimitrios Partsalidis">Partsalidis</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Diomidis" title="Alexandros Diomidis">Diomidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Theotokis" title="Ioannis Theotokis">I. Theotokis</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofoklis_Venizelos" title="Sofoklis Venizelos">S. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofoklis_Venizelos" title="Sofoklis Venizelos">S. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Kiousopoulos" title="Dimitrios Kiousopoulos">Kiousopoulos</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Papagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Georgakopoulos" title="Konstantinos Georgakopoulos">Georgakopoulos</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Dovas" title="Konstantinos Dovas">Dovas</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Pipinelis" title="Panagiotis Pipinelis">Pipinelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylianos_Mavromichalis" title="Stylianos Mavromichalis">Sty. Mavromichalis</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">G. Papandreou (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Paraskevopoulos" title="Ioannis Paraskevopoulos">Paraskevopoulos</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">G. Papandreou (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Athanasiadis-Novas" title="Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas">Novas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilias_Tsirimokos" title="Ilias Tsirimokos">Tsirimokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Stefanopoulos" title="Stefanos Stefanopoulos">Stefanopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Paraskevopoulos" title="Ioannis Paraskevopoulos">Paraskevopoulos</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Kanellopoulos" title="Panagiotis Kanellopoulos">Kanellopoulos</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Military Junta</a><br />(1967–1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Kollias" title="Constantine Kollias">Kollias</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Papadopoulos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyros_Markezinis" title="Spyros Markezinis">Markezinis</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Androutsopoulos" title="Adamantios Androutsopoulos">Androutsopoulos</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Hellenic_Republic" title="Third Hellenic Republic">Third Hellenic Republic</a><br />(since 1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">G. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">A. Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzannis_Tzannetakis" title="Tzannis Tzannetakis">Tzannetakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Grivas" title="Ioannis Grivas">Grivas</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon_Zolotas" title="Xenophon Zolotas">Zolotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Ko. Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">A. Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Simitis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">K. Karamanlis (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">G. Papandreou (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Papademos" title="Lucas Papademos">Papademos</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Pikrammenos" title="Panagiotis Pikrammenos">Pikrammenos</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Samaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Tsipras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassiliki_Thanou-Christophilou" title="Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou">Thanou</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Tsipras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Ky. Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Sarmas" title="Ioannis Sarmas">Sarmas</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Ky. Mitsotakis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ccddcc;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup>Head of military/dictatorial government. <sup><small>2</small></sup>Head of rival government not controlling <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. <sup><small>3</small></sup>Head of emergency or <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker government</a>. <sup><small>4</small></sup>Head of <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">collaborationist government</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation (1941–44)</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_opposition_of_the_Third_Hellenic_Republic98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ccddcc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_opposition_of_Greece" title="Template:Leaders of the opposition of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_opposition_of_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Leaders of the opposition of Greece (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_opposition_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the opposition of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_opposition_of_the_Third_Hellenic_Republic98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leaders of the opposition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Hellenic_Republic" title="Third Hellenic Republic">Third Hellenic Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Mavros" title="Georgios Mavros">Georgios Mavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Georgios Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Averoff" title="Evangelos Averoff">Evangelos Averoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Miltiadis Evert</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostas Karamanlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostas Karamanlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Alexis Tsipras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangelis_Meimarakis" title="Vangelis Meimarakis">Vangelis Meimarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giannis_Plakiotakis" title="Giannis Plakiotakis">Giannis Plakiotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Kyriakos Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Alexis Tsipras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Kasselakis" title="Stefanos Kasselakis">Stefanos Kasselakis</a> (de facto)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sokratis_Famellos" title="Sokratis Famellos">Sokratis Famellos</a> (de jure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Androulakis" title="Nikos Androulakis">Nikos Androulakis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_New_Democracy112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#1b5cc7;color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_New_Democracy" title="Template:Leaders of New Democracy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_New_Democracy" title="Template talk:Leaders of New Democracy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_New_Democracy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of New Democracy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_New_Democracy112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)"><span style="color:white">New Democracy</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a> (1974–1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Georgios Rallis</a> (1980–1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Averoff" title="Evangelos Averoff">Evangelos Averoff</a> (1981–1984) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a> (1984–1993) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Miltiadis Evert</a> (1993–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostas Karamanlis</a> (1997–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Antonis Samaras</a> (2009–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vangelis_Meimarakis" title="Vangelis Meimarakis">Vangelis Meimarakis</a> (2015)<sup>§</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giannis_Plakiotakis" title="Giannis Plakiotakis">Giannis Plakiotakis</a> (2015–2016)<sup>§</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Kyriakos Mitsotakis</a> (2016–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Democracy_Logo_2018.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/New_Democracy_Logo_2018.svg/120px-New_Democracy_Logo_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/New_Democracy_Logo_2018.svg/250px-New_Democracy_Logo_2018.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#1b5cc7;color:white"><div><sup>§</sup> interim leader</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188978#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1231" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188978#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1231" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188978#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000006315936X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/74262626">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1933929/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyRD4tCKcWXRCwTY3xJjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/103291695">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001020191">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36041687">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p133232972">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=186873">Greece</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1198241">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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