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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Houghton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 46 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="مايكل هوتون - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل هوتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="مايكل هوتون - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل هوتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="মাইকেল হাউটন - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাইকেল হাউটন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Майкл Хаўтан - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Майкл Хаўтан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Майкъл Хоутън - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майкъл Хоутън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="মাইকেল হাউটন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকেল হাউটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton_(virolog)" title="Michael Houghton (virolog) - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Michael Houghton (virolog)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB_%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Μάικλ Χάουτον - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάικλ Χάουτον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="مایکل هوتون - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل هوتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מייקל האוטון - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מייקל האוטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%AC_%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6_(%D5%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="Մայքլ Հութոն (վիրուսաբան) - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայքլ Հութոն (վիրուսաբան)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" title="マイケル・ホートン (ウイルス学者) - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・ホートン (ウイルス学者)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%ED%98%B8%ED%84%B4_(%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="마이클 호턴 (바이러스학자) - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 호턴 (바이러스학자)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="مایکل هوتون - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مایکل هوتون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Хаутон, Майкл - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаутон, Майкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3)" title="Мајкл Хотон (вирусолог) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мајкл Хотон (вирусолог)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மைக்கேல் ஆட்டன் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மைக்கேல் ஆட்டன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA)" title="ไมเคิล ฮอว์ทัน (นักวิทยาไวรัส) - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไมเคิล ฮอว์ทัน (นักวิทยาไวรัส)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Houghton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prof_Michael_Houghton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Prof_Michael_Houghton.jpg/220px-Prof_Michael_Houghton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Prof_Michael_Houghton.jpg/330px-Prof_Michael_Houghton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Prof_Michael_Houghton.jpg/440px-Prof_Michael_Houghton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>Michael Houghton<hr /><small><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medaglia del Premio Nobel"><img alt="Medaglia del Premio Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina" title="Premio Nobel per la medicina">Premio Nobel per la medicina</a> <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a></small></figcaption></figure> <p>Sir <b>Michael Houghton</b> (<a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>, <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>) è un <a href="/wiki/Virologia" title="Virologia">virologo</a> <a href="/wiki/Regno_Unito" title="Regno Unito">britannico</a> vincitore, insieme a <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Harvey J. Alter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Charles M. Rice</a>, del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina" title="Premio Nobel per la medicina">Premio Nobel per la medicina</a> <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nato nel <a href="/wiki/Regno_Unito" title="Regno Unito">Regno Unito</a> nel 1949, all'età di 17 anni Houghton ha deciso di diventare un microbiologo dopo aver letto le pubblicazioni di <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a>. Houghton si è laureato in scienze biologiche presso l'Università dell'East Anglia nel 1972 e successivamente ha completato il dottorato in biochimica al <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> nel 1977. Houghton è stato coautore di una serie di studi fondamentali pubblicati nel 1989 e nel 1990 che hanno identificato gli anticorpi dell'<a href="/wiki/Epatite_C" title="Epatite C">epatite C</a> nel sangue, in particolare tra i pazienti a più alto rischio di contrarre la malattia, compresi quelli che avevano ricevuto trasfusioni di sangue. Questo lavoro ha portato allo sviluppo di un test di screening del sangue nel 1990. Lo screening del sangue diffuso, iniziato nel 1992 con lo sviluppo di un test più sensibile, da allora ha praticamente eliminato la contaminazione da epatite C delle forniture di sangue donate in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. In altri studi pubblicati nello stesso periodo, Houghton e i collaboratori collegavano l'epatite C al <a href="/wiki/Tumore_del_fegato" title="Tumore del fegato">cancro del fegato</a>. Nel 2013, il team di Houghton presso l'Università dell'Alberta ha dimostrato che un vaccino derivato da un singolo ceppo di epatite C era efficace contro tutti i ceppi del virus. Il vaccino è attualmente in sperimentazione clinica.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premi">Premi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Premi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Premi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1992 - Premio commemorativo Karl Landsteiner;</li> <li>1993 - <a href="/wiki/Premi_Robert_Koch" title="Premi Robert Koch">Premio Robert Koch</a>;</li> <li>1994 - Premio William Beaumont;</li> <li>1994 - Premio Beatrice Vitiello;</li> <li>1998 - Premio International Hepatitis Foundation;</li> <li>1999 - Premio Hans Popper;</li> <li>2000 - <a href="/wiki/Premio_Lasker" title="Premio Lasker">Premio Lasker</a>;</li> <li>2005 - Dale A. Smith Memorial Award;</li> <li>2009 - Premio Hepdart alla carriera;</li> <li>2013 - Nel 2013 è diventato la prima persona a rifiutare il premio internazionale della Fondazione Gairdner da 100 000 dollari affermando: "Ho sentito che sarebbe stato ingiusto da parte mia accettare questo premio senza l'inclusione di due colleghi, il dottor Qui-Lim Choo e il dottor George Kuo.";</li> <li>2020 - <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina" title="Premio Nobel per la medicina">Premio Nobel per la Medicina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onorificenze">Onorificenze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Onorificenze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Onorificenze"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Knight Bachelor - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Knight Bachelor - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png/60px-Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png/90px-Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png/120px-Knight-Bachelor.ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a></div> <div>«Per i servizi alla medicina.»<br />— 12 giugno 2021<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) PeoplePill, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peoplepill.com/people/michael-houghton-1/"><span style="font-style:italic;">About Michael Houghton: Virologist | Biography, Facts, Career, Wiki, Life</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">PeoplePill</span>. <small>URL consultato il 5 ottobre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2020/press-release/"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">NobelPrize.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 5 ottobre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> filippomaggioni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifegate.it/premio-nobel-medicina-2020"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il premio Nobel per la Medicina 2020 va ad Alter, Houghton e Rice per aver scoperto il virus dell'epatite C</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">LifeGate</span>, 5 ottobre 2020. <small>URL consultato il 5 ottobre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63377/supplement/B2"><span style="font-style:italic;">The London Gazette</span></a>, n. 63377, 12 giugno 2021, p. B2. <small>URL consultato il 19 gennaio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Michael Houghton"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Houghton?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Houghton?uselang=it">Michael Houghton</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Kara Rogers, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Houghton"><span style="font-style:italic;">Michael Houghton</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1927895#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFnobelprize.org" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/986"><span style="font-style:italic;">Michael Houghton</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nobelprize.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1927895#P8024" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina" title="Template:Premio Nobel per la medicina"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Nobel per la medicina (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vincitori_del_premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina" title="Vincitori del premio Nobel per la medicina">Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la medicina</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1901 - 1925</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Emil Adolf von Behring</a> (1901) • <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ronald Ross</a> (1902) • <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Niels Ryberg Finsen</a> (1903) • <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a> (1904) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a> (1905) • <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a> (1906) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran</a> (1907) • <a href="/wiki/Il%27ja_Il%27i%C4%8D_Me%C4%8Dnikov" title="Il'ja Il'ič Mečnikov">Il'ja Il'ič Mečnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a> (1908) • <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Emil Theodor Kocher</a> (1909) • <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a> (1910) • <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Allvar Gullstrand</a> (1911) • <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a> (1912) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Charles Robert Richet</a> (1913) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Robert Bárány</a> (1914) • <a href="/wiki/Jules_Jean_Baptiste_Vincent_Bordet" title="Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet">Jules Bordet</a> (1919) • <a href="/wiki/Schack_August_Steenberg_Krogh" title="Schack August Steenberg Krogh">August Krogh</a> (1920) • <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Archibald Vivian Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Otto Meyerhof</a> (1922) • <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Grant_Banting" title="Frederick Grant Banting">Frederick Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="John James Rickard Macleod">John James Rickard Macleod</a> (1923) • <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Willem Einthoven</a> (1924)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1926 - 1950</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Grib_Fibiger" title="Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger">Johannes Fibiger</a> (1926) • <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jules_Henri_Nicolle" title="Charles Jules Henri Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a> (1928) • <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Christiaan Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Hopkins</a> (1929) • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a> (1930) • <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Otto Heinrich Warburg</a> (1931) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a> (1932) • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a> (1933) • <a href="/wiki/George_Hoyt_Whipple" title="George Hoyt Whipple">George Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Richards_Minot" title="George Richards Minot">George Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_Murphy" title="William Parry Murphy">William Murphy</a> (1934) • <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Hans Spemann</a> (1935) • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a> (1936) • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937) • <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Heymans" title="Corneille Jean François Heymans">Corneille Heymans</a> (1938) • <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a> (1939) • <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Carl_Peter_Dam" title="Henrik Carl Peter Dam">Henrik Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Edward Adelbert Doisy</a> (1943) • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Joseph Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Herbert Spencer Gasser</a> (1944) • <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Ernst Boris Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Howard Walter Florey</a> (1945) • <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a> (1946) • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">Carl Ferdinand Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Theresa_Cori" title="Gerty Theresa Cori">Gerty Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Alberto_Houssay" title="Bernardo Alberto Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a> (1947) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Hermann Müller</a> (1948) • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Walter Rudolf Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Egas_Moniz" title="Antonio Egas Moniz">Antonio Egas Moniz</a> (1949) • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Edward Calvin Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Tadeusz Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Showalter Hench</a> (1950)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1951 - 1975</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a> (1951) • <a href="/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman">Selman Waksman</a> (1952) • <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a> (1953) • <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Franklin Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Thomas Huckle Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Frederick Chapman Robbins</a> (1954) • <a href="/wiki/Axel_Hugo_Theodor_Theorell" title="Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a> (1955) • <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Frédéric Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Werner Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_Richards" title="Dickinson Richards">Dickinson Richards</a> (1956) • <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a> (1957) • <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Wells Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Edward Lawrie Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> (1958) • <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a> (1959) • <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (1960) • <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a> (1961) • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson">James Dewey Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> (1962) • <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">John Carew Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1963) • <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a> (1964) • <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff" title="André Lwoff">André Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a> (1965) • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Peyton Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Charles B. Huggins</a> (1966) • <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Haldan Keffer Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a> (1967) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley">Robert W. Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a> (1968) • <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Luria" title="Salvatore Luria">Salvador Luria</a> (1969) • <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf von Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a> (1970) • <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland">Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.</a> (1971) • <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a> (1972) • <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a> (1973) • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a> (1974) • <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a> (1975)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1976 - 2000</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Blumberg" title="Baruch Blumberg">Baruch Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Daniel Carleton Gajdusek</a> (1976) • <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viktor_Schally" title="Andrew Viktor Schally">Andrew Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Rosalyn Yalow</a> (1977) • <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Smith" title="Hamilton Smith">Hamilton Smith</a> (1978) • <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan McLeod Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Godfrey Hounsfield</a> (1979) • <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Snell" title="George Snell">George Snell</a> (1980) • <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Roger Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">David Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a> (1981) • <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Bengt Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">John Vane</a> (1982) • <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> (1983) • <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Niels Kaj Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges Köhler">Georges Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1984) • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Stuart Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Joseph Goldstein</a> (1985) • <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochimico)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochimico)">Stanley Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a> (1986) • <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a> (1987) • <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">James W. Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Hitchings" title="George Herbert Hitchings">George Herbert Hitchings</a> (1988) • <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">John Michael Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a> (1989) • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Joseph Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Edward Donnall Thomas</a> (1990) • <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a> (1991) • <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Fischer" title="Edmond Fischer">Edmond Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Krebs" title="Edwin Krebs">Edwin Krebs</a> (1992) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Roberts" title="Richard Roberts">Richard Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Phillip Sharp</a> (1993) • <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman" title="Alfred Gilman">Alfred Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a> (1994) • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bok_Lewis" title="Edward Bok Lewis">Edward Bok Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus">Eric Wieschaus</a> (1995) • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Charles_Doherty" title="Peter Charles Doherty">Peter Charles Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Zinkernagel" title="Rolf Zinkernagel">Rolf Zinkernagel</a> (1996) • <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Stanley Prusiner</a> (1997) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Furchgott" title="Robert Furchgott">Robert Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Louis Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Ferid Murad</a> (1998) • <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a> (1999) • <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Paul Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> (2000)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">2001 - oggi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Leland_Hartwell" title="Leland Hartwell">Leland Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> (2001) • <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">John Sulston</a> (2002) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a> (2003) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Buck" title="Linda Buck">Linda Buck</a> (2004) • <a href="/wiki/Barry_J._Marshall" title="Barry J. Marshall">Barry J. Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a> (2005) • <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Zachary_Fire" title="Andrew Zachary Fire">Andrew Z. Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Craig Mello</a> (2006) • <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Martin Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a> (2007) • <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> (2008) • <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider">Carol W. Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak">Jack W. Szostak</a> (2009) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Geoffrey_Edwards" title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards">Robert Geoffrey Edwards</a> (2010) • <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Ralph Steinman</a> (2011) • <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ya_Yamanaka" title="Shin'ya Yamanaka">Shin'ya Yamanaka</a> (2012) • <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Thomas Südhof</a> (2013) • <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">John O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard I. Moser</a> (2014) • <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil_Campbell" title="William Cecil Campbell">William Cecil Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Satoshi Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu Youyou</a> (2015) • <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_%C5%8Csumi" title="Yoshinori Ōsumi">Yoshinori Ōsumi</a> (2016) • <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Connor_Hall" title="Jeffrey Connor Hall">Jeffrey Connor Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Warren_Young" title="Michael Warren Young">Michael Warren Young</a> (2017) • <a href="/wiki/James_Patrick_Allison" title="James Patrick Allison">James Patrick Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo</a> (2018) • <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">William Kaelin Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_John_Ratcliffe" title="Peter John Ratcliffe">Peter John Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Gregg L. Semenza</a> (2019) • <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Harvey J. Alter</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Charles M. Rice</a> (2020) • <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Ardem Patapoutian</a> (2021) • <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2022) • <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a> (2023) • <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a> (2024)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4126576">4126576</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000039805595">0000 0000 3980 5595</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Researcher_and_Contributor_ID" title="Open Researcher and Contributor ID">ORCID</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-6771">0000-0003-3762-6771</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n92054891">n92054891</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1219002941">1219002941</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asclepius_staff.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medicina"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/13px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/19px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/25px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="995" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Medicina" title="Portale:Medicina">Portale Medicina</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Premi Nobel"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Premi_Nobel" title="Portale:Premi Nobel">Portale Premi Nobel</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&oldid=140160555">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Houghton&oldid=140160555</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Premi_Nobel_nel_2020" title="Categoria:Premi Nobel nel 2020">Premi Nobel nel 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Vincitori_del_premio_Nobel_per_la_medicina" title="Categoria:Vincitori del premio Nobel per la medicina">Vincitori del premio Nobel per la medicina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Virologi_britannici" title="Categoria:Virologi britannici">Virologi britannici</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Britannici_del_XX_secolo" title="Categoria:Britannici del XX secolo">Britannici del XX secolo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Britannici_del_XXI_secolo" title="Categoria:Britannici del XXI secolo">Britannici del XXI secolo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nati_nel_1949" title="Categoria:Nati nel 1949">Nati nel 1949</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nati_a_Londra" title="Categoria:Nati a Londra">Nati a Londra</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Persone_viventi" title="Categoria:Persone viventi">Persone viventi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:BioBot" title="Categoria:BioBot">BioBot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P8024_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P8024 letta da Wikidata">P8024 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_VIAF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice VIAF">Voci con codice VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_ISNI" title="Categoria:Voci con codice ISNI">Voci con codice ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_ORCID" title="Categoria:Voci con codice ORCID">Voci con codice ORCID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 12 lug 2024 alle 15:51.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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