CINXE.COM
Copyright Exceptions - Copyright Aware
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<meta charset="utf-8"><meta httpequiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20221128073842cs_/https://www.bbc.com/copyrightaware/src.06bb46dc.css"><style type="text/css">/* autoprefixer: off */ :root { --ise-link-color: #20619d; --ise-link-visited-color: #5e3990; --ise-link-hover-color: #0c263e; --ise-link-active-color: #20619d; --ise-link-highlight-bg: #ff9000; } :root { --ise-heading-rule: #20619d; } .SwitchInput-module_root__3_HbX { position: relative; display: inline-flex; flex-shrink: 0; width: 56px; height: 37px; box-sizing: border-box; z-index: 0; } .SwitchInput-module_input__YSxed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; opacity: 0; outline: none; width: 100%; z-index: 1; cursor: pointer; } .SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv { position: relative; display: block; display: none; width: 56px; height: 34px; padding: 4px; border-radius: calc(56px / 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.link{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.cyXVBx .link:hover{color:#be1a64;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.cyXVBx .desc{display:block;margin-top:0.25rem;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400;color:#6b6b6b;}@media (min-width:400px){.cyXVBx .desc{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.cyXVBx .desc{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}.gsXTrx .item{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width:400px){.gsXTrx .item{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.gsXTrx .item{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}.gsXTrx .icon{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;margin-top:0.25rem;margin-right:0.5rem;}.gsXTrx .content{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;width:100%;}.gsXTrx .link{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width:400px){.gsXTrx .link{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.gsXTrx .link{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}.gsXTrx .link:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.gsXTrx .desc{display:block;margin-top:0.25rem;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width:400px){.gsXTrx .desc{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.gsXTrx .desc{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}.dYLvwW{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%;background-color:black;}.dYLvwW.iPagesPlayerColour{fill:#be1a64;}.dYLvwW .player{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;}.jGTHmo{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%;background-color:black;}.jGTHmo .player{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;}.eJcoAP{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden;}@media screen and (min-width:1008px){.eJcoAP{display:block;}}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none),(-ms-high-contrast:active){.eJcoAP.hide{display:none;}}.eJcoAP .image{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;}.jWuuxL{position:relative;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width:400px){.jWuuxL{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.jWuuxL{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}.sc-fFucqa + .sc-fFucqa{margin-top:1rem;}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.sc-fFucqa + .sc-fFucqa{margin-top:0.5rem;}}.jWuuxL.ipagesSidenavLink-active{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:600;}@media (min-width:400px){.jWuuxL.ipagesSidenavLink-active{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media 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.titleBar{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:0.5rem;box-sizing:border-box;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.hLcIes .titleBar{padding:0.75rem 1rem;}}.hLcIes .titleText{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-weight:600;}@media (min-width:400px){.hLcIes .titleText{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.hLcIes .titleText{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.5rem;}}.hLcIes .titleText.srOnly{border:0 !important;-webkit-clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px) !important;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px) 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.counter::before{content:'Fig. ' counter(media-content-counter) '\0000a0';color:#be1a64;font-style:normal;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:600;counter-increment:media-content-counter;}@media (min-width:400px){.HWtHh .counter::before{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.HWtHh .counter::before{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1rem;}}.kPqlXz{margin-bottom:1.5rem;}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.kPqlXz{width:75%;}}.kPqlXz .caption{display:inline-block;margin-top:0.75rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;}@media (min-width:400px){.kPqlXz .caption{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.kPqlXz .caption{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1rem;}}.kPqlXz .counter::before{content:'Fig. ' counter(media-content-counter) '\0000a0';font-style:normal;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:600;counter-increment:media-content-counter;}@media (min-width:400px){.kPqlXz .counter::before{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.kPqlXz .counter::before{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1rem;}}.gZsWUX{position:relative;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding:0;list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.gZsWUX{margin-bottom:1rem;padding-left:1rem;}}.gZsWUX .container{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:100%;}.gZsWUX .content{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;color:#363636;}.gZsWUX .link{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-weight:600;color:#0e0e0e;}@media (min-width:400px){.gZsWUX .link{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.gZsWUX .link{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.gZsWUX .link:hover,.gZsWUX .link:focus{outline:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:#be1a64;}.gZsWUX .link::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;}.gZsWUX .description{margin-top:0.5rem;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width:400px){.gZsWUX .description{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.gZsWUX .description{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}.gZsWUX .description > a:not(.link){position:relative;}.gZsWUX .ipagesPromo-footer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-top:auto;padding-top:1.5rem;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width:400px){.gZsWUX 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(min-width:600px){.gZsWUX.feature{width:50%;}}.gZsWUX.wide{width:100%;background-color:transparent;}.gZsWUX.wide:first-of-type{padding-top:0;border-top:0;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.gZsWUX.wide{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:1rem;padding:1rem 0;border-top:1px solid #d6d6d6;}.gZsWUX.wide .link{margin-bottom:0.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:600;}@media (min-width:400px){.gZsWUX.wide .link{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.gZsWUX.wide .link{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.gZsWUX.wide .container{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.gZsWUX.wide .container > .image{display:block;width:33.3333333334%;}}@media screen and (min-width:980px){.gZsWUX.wide .container > .image{width:25%;}}.gZsWUX.wide .content{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;width:100%;margin-top:0;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.gZsWUX.wide .content{width:58.333333333333336%;margin-left:1rem;padding:0;}}.erHRWU{position:relative;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding:0;list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.erHRWU{margin-bottom:1rem;padding-left:1rem;}}.erHRWU .container{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:100%;}.erHRWU .content{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.erHRWU .link{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-weight:600;}@media (min-width:400px){.erHRWU .link{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.erHRWU .link{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}.erHRWU .link:hover,.erHRWU .link:focus{outline:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.erHRWU .link::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;}.erHRWU .description{margin-top:0.5rem;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width:400px){.erHRWU .description{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.erHRWU .description{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}.erHRWU .description > a:not(.link){position:relative;}.erHRWU .ipagesPromo-footer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-top:auto;padding-top:1.5rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:400;}@media (min-width:400px){.erHRWU .ipagesPromo-footer{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.erHRWU .ipagesPromo-footer{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1rem;}}.erHRWU .ipagesPromo-date{margin-left:0.25rem;}.erHRWU .ipagesPromo-date + *{margin-left:0.5rem;padding-left:0.5rem;border-left:1px solid;}.erHRWU .image{position:relative;overflow:hidden;}@supports (object-fit:cover){.erHRWU .image > img{width:100%;object-fit:cover;}}.erHRWU .image + .content{padding-top:1rem;}.erHRWU .indicator{position:absolute;bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.75rem;background-color:white;}.erHRWU.card{width:100%;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.erHRWU.card{width:50%;}}@media screen and (min-width:980px){.erHRWU.card{width:25%;}}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.erHRWU.feature{width:50%;}}.erHRWU.wide{width:100%;background-color:transparent;}.erHRWU.wide:first-of-type{padding-top:0;border-top:0;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.erHRWU.wide{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:1rem;padding:1rem 0;border-top:1px solid;}.erHRWU.wide .link{margin-bottom:0.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:600;}@media (min-width:400px){.erHRWU.wide .link{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.erHRWU.wide .link{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.erHRWU.wide .container{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.erHRWU.wide .container > .image{display:block;width:33.3333333334%;}}@media screen and (min-width:980px){.erHRWU.wide .container > .image{width:25%;}}.erHRWU.wide .content{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;width:100%;margin-top:0;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.erHRWU.wide .content{width:58.333333333333336%;margin-left:1rem;padding:0;}}.gXbgdK{width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;box-sizing:border-box;}.gXbgdK .ipagesSideNav-content{padding:0 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nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:1rem;}.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-title{display:-webkit-box !important;display:-webkit-flex !important;display:-ms-flexbox !important;display:flex !important;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;display:block !important;-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;width:100%;margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width:400px){.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-title{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.begWVa 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.ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAlt{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAlt:hover{color:#be1a64;}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAlt{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;}}.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAltTitle{-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;}.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonIcon{margin-left:0.5rem;fill:#be1a64;}.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAltMobile{margin-top:1rem;}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAltMobile{display:none;}}.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-subtitle{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400;display:block;width:75%;color:#363636;}@media (min-width:400px){.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-subtitle{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-subtitle{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-deck{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.begWVa .ipagesPromoGroup-deck{margin-left:-1rem;}}.cWheCT{position:relative;margin:0;margin-bottom:1rem;}* + .sc-gWHigU{margin-top:2rem;}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-titleSection,.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-subtitleSection{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:1rem;}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-title{display:-webkit-box !important;display:-webkit-flex !important;display:-ms-flexbox !important;display:flex !important;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;display:block !important;-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;width:100%;margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width:400px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-title{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.875rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-title{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.5rem;}}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-title:first-of-type{margin-top:0;}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-title{width:auto;min-width:0;max-width:75%;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;}}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-divider{display:none;-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;height:1px;width:100%;margin-left:1rem;}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-divider{display:block;}}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAlt{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400;display:none;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;margin-left:1rem;color:#0e0e0e;}@media (min-width:400px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAlt{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAlt{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAlt{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;}}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAltTitle{-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonIcon{margin-left:0.5rem;}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAltMobile{margin-top:1rem;}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-buttonAltMobile{display:none;}}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-subtitle{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400;display:block;width:75%;color:#363636;}@media (min-width:400px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-subtitle{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width:600px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-subtitle{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-deck{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.cWheCT .ipagesPromoGroup-deck{margin-left:-1rem;}}</style><title>Copyright Exceptions - Copyright Aware</title><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE" data-react-helmet="true"><meta charset="utf-8" data-react-helmet="true"><meta name="title" content="Copyright Exceptions" data-react-helmet="true"><meta name="description" content="A copyright exception is a provision in law which allows you to use the copyright work without payment or permission" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="og:type" content="website" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="og:url" content="bbc.com/copyrightaware/exceptions/" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="og:title" content="Copyright Exceptions" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="og:description" content="A copyright exception is a provision in law which allows you to use the copyright work without payment or permission" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07t96r5.jpg" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="twitter:title" content="Copyright Exceptions" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="twitter:description" content="A copyright exception is a provision in law which allows you to use the copyright work without payment or permission" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="twitter:image" content="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07t96r5.jpg" data-react-helmet="true"><meta property="isite:fileid" content="page-standard-copyright-exceptions060919151950" data-react-helmet="true"><noscript data-react-helmet="true"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20221128073842cs_/https://www.bbc.com/copyrightaware/base.css"/></noscript><script data-react-helmet="true"><!-- iPages generator: undefined --></script><script data-react-helmet="true"><!-- isite guid: 02356fb0-1a87-4a2c-91fd-3ce0e695262a --></script> <script> var supportsES6 = function() { try { new Function("(a = 0) => a"); return true; } catch (err) { return false; } }(); if (!supportsES6) { var script = document.createElement("script"); script.src = "/copyrightaware/polyfills/polyfill.min.js"; document.head.appendChild(script); } var stringPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); stringPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/string.js"; if (true) { document.write(stringPolyfill.outerHTML); } var includesPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); includesPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/includes.js"; if (!Array.prototype.includes) { document.write(includesPolyfill.outerHTML); } var picturefillPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); picturefillPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/picturefill.js"; if (!window.HTMLPictureElement) { document.write(picturefillPolyfill.outerHTML); } var objectFitPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); objectFitPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/objectFit.js"; if ('objectFit' in document.documentElement.style === false) { document.write(objectFitPolyfill.outerHTML); } var arrayFromPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); arrayFromPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/arrayFrom.js"; if (!Array.from) { document.write(arrayFromPolyfill.outerHTML); } var arrayFindPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); arrayFindPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/arrayFind.js"; if (!Array.prototype.find) { document.write(arrayFindPolyfill.outerHTML); } </script> <script> window.__PRELOADED_STATE__ = { page: {"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2019-11-11T16:12:51.691261Z","creationDateTime":"2019-09-23T10:07:31.467436Z","type":"page-standard","fileId":"page-standard-copyright-exceptions060919151950","guid":"02356fb0-1a87-4a2c-91fd-3ce0e695262a"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/page-standard"},"metadata":{"isiteSectionDescription":"","metadataTitle":"Copyright 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These are called exceptions to copyright. Where these exceptions do not apply you will need to seek <a title=\"Permissions\" href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/copyright/copyright-permissions\" target=\"_self\">permission</a>.</p>\n<p>In the UK the exceptions to copyright are set out in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. 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S422.552,88,422,88H90c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S88,89.448,88,90v92c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414S89.448,184,90,184z"></path><path fill="#FFA100" d="M306,424h116c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,422.552,424,422v-92c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,328,422,328H306c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S304,329.448,304,330v92c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S305.448,424,306,424z"></path><path fill="#FFBA00" d="M210,304h212c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,302.552,424,302v-92c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,208,422,208H210c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S208,209.448,208,210v92c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S209.448,304,210,304z"></path></g></svg><span>Sport</span></a></li><li class="orb-nav-weather"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842/https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather"><svg class="product-icon" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 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srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p07t96r5.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p07t96r5.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 1008px) and (max-width: 1279px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1280xn/p07t96r5.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1664xn/p07t96r5.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 400px) and (max-width: 1007px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/672xn/p07t96r5.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1344xn/p07t96r5.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 399px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/400xn/p07t96r5.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07t96r5.jpg 2x"><img class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/400xn/p07t96r5.jpg" alt=""></picture></div><div class="ipagesHero-content"><div class="ipagesHero-textContent"><h1 class="ipagesHero-title">Copyright Exceptions</h1><p class="ipagesHero-description">A copyright exception is a provision in law which allows you to use the copyright work without payment or permission</p></div></div></div><main class="ise-c-main"><div class="gel-wrap"><div class="gel-layout"><div class="gel-layout__item gel-1/4@l"><nav role="navigation" aria-label="Content list" class="sc-kLgnNl gXbgdK"><div class="ipagesSideNav-content"><div class="ipagesSideNav-header"><svg color="#0e0e0e" class="sc-bdfBQB ktFnJl ipagesSideNav-icon" viewbox="0 0 32 32" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid meet"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" href="#gel-icon-chapters" role="presentation"></use></svg><span class="ipagesSideNav-title">Contents</span><button class="ipagesSideNav-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open in-page navigation"><svg color="#0e0e0e" class="sc-bdfBQB ktFnJl" viewbox="0 0 32 32" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid meet"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" href="#gel-icon-down" role="presentation"></use></svg></button></div><ul class="ipagesSideNav-links"><li class="sc-fFucqa jWuuxL"><a href="#whatdotheexceptionsallowmetodo?" class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">What do the Exceptions allow me to do?</a></li><li class="sc-fFucqa jWuuxL"><a href="#educationalrecordings" class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">Educational Recordings</a></li><li class="sc-fFucqa jWuuxL"><a href="#copyrightaware" class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">Copyright Aware</a></li></ul></div></nav></div><div class="article-standard ise-l-section gel-layout__item gel-3/4@l"><p class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">There are a small number of things you can legally do with someone else’s work, without needing the permission of the copyright owner. These are called exceptions to copyright. Where these exceptions do not apply you will need to seek <a title="Permissions" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842/http://www.bbc.co.uk/copyright/copyright-permissions" target="_self">permission</a>.</p> <p class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">In the UK the exceptions to copyright are set out in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. However these exceptions only apply to specific uses and generally only allow use of short extracts from a copyright work, so you need to be sure you are using them correctly to stay within the law.</p><figure class="sc-lmoMya HWtHh"><div class="sc-dQoVA dYLvwW iPagesPlayerColour"><div class="player"></div></div><figcaption class="caption">Copyright Exceptions</figcaption></figure><ul class="sc-iqHYmW cyXVBx"><li class="item"><svg color="#0e0e0e" class="sc-bdfBQB ktFnJl icon" viewbox="0 0 32 32" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid meet"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" href="#gel-icon-document" role="presentation"></use></svg><div class="content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/copyright/Copyright-exceptions-transcript.docx" class="link">Download Video Transcript</a><span class="desc"></span></div></li></ul><h2 id="whatdotheexceptionsallowmetodo?" class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">What do the Exceptions allow me to do?</h2> <p class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">Some examples of what the exceptions allow you to do are contained within the video at the top of this page.</p> <p class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">You can find out more information on the exceptions to copyright and how you can use them by visiting the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842/https://www.gov.uk/exceptions-to-copyright">Intellectual Property Office</a> website.</p> <h2 id="educationalrecordings" class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">Educational Recordings</h2> <p class="sc-gsTEea hPDYSq">If you are part of an educational institution such a school, college, university or other educational establishment, it is worth noting that you can record and access recordings of broadcast material for educational purposes, so long as the establishment has taken out a licence with the Educational Recording Agency (“ERA”). You can easily find out if such licence is in place by clicking <a title="Educational Recording Agency" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842/http://www.era.org.uk/" target="_blank">here</a>. </p><div class="sc-gWHigU begWVa"><div class="ipagesPromoGroup-titleSection"><h2 id="copyrightaware" class="ipagesPromoGroup-title"><span>Copyright Aware</span></h2><span class="ipagesPromoGroup-divider"></span></div><ul class="ipagesPromoGroup-deck"><li class="sc-bYEvvW gZsWUX card"><div class="container"><div class="image"><div class="sc-hBEYId eJcoAP"><picture><source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/432x243/p0297h6k.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/864x486/p0297h6k.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 899px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/512x288/p0297h6k.jpg, 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several layers of copyright</span></div></div></li><li class="sc-bYEvvW gZsWUX card"><div class="container"><div class="image"><div class="sc-hBEYId eJcoAP"><picture><source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/432x243/p0297x9l.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/864x486/p0297x9l.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 899px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/512x288/p0297x9l.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0297x9l.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 599px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/400x225/p0297x9l.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073842im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0297x9l.jpg 2x"><img class="image" 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