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href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Amffibiad rootpage-Amffibiad skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Neidio i'r cynnwys</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prif ddewislen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Panel llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Amffibiad" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Amffibiad" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Amffibiad" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Amffibiad" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Cyfraniadau</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dosbarthiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dosbarthiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dosbarthiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dosbarthiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nodweddion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nodweddion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nodweddion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nodweddion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Nodweddion</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nodweddion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Anura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caudata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caudata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Caudata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caudata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gymnophiona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gymnophiona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gymnophiona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gymnophiona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Croen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_ysgerbydol_a_symudiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_ysgerbydol_a_symudiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>System ysgerbydol a symudiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_ysgerbydol_a_symudiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_resbiradol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_resbiradol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>System resbiradol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_resbiradol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atgynhyrchu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atgynhyrchu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Atgynhyrchu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atgynhyrchu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cylch_bywyd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cylch_bywyd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cylch bywyd</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cylch_bywyd-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Cylch bywyd</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cylch_bywyd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grifft_(wyau)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grifft_(wyau)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Grifft (wyau)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grifft_(wyau)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penbyliaid_(larfa)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penbyliaid_(larfa)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Penbyliaid (larfa)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penbyliaid_(larfa)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Llyffantod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llyffantod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Llyffantod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llyffantod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darllen_pellach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darllen_pellach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Darllen pellach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darllen_pellach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni_allanol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni_allanol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dolenni allanol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni_allanol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni_allanol_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni_allanol_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dolenni allanol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni_allanol_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amffibiad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 162 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-162" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">162 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibie%C3%AB" title="Amfibieë - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amfibieë" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibien" title="Amphibien - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Amphibien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%8A%E1%8A%93%E1%88%8D" title="አምፊናል - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አምፊናል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="برمائيات - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برمائيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="برمائيات - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برمائيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="উভচৰ প্ৰাণী - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উভচৰ প্ৰাণী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE" title="मेघा - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मेघा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suda-quruda_ya%C5%9Fayanlar" title="Suda-quruda yaşayanlar - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suda-quruda yaşayanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سودا-قورودا یاشایانلار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سودا-قورودا یاشایانلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80-%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%83_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ер-һыу хайуандары - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ер-һыу хайуандары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varl%C4%93g%C4%ABv%C4%93" title="Varlēgīvē - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Varlēgīvē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Земнаводныя - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Земнаводныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Земнаводныя - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Земнаводныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Земноводни - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Земноводни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="উভচর প্রাণী - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উভচর প্রাণী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="སྐམ་ཆུ་གཉིས་འཚོའི་སྲོག་ཆགས། - Tibeteg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྐམ་ཆུ་གཉིས་འཚོའི་སྲོག་ཆགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divelfenneg" title="Divelfenneg - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Divelfenneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodozemci" title="Vodozemci - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vodozemci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touk" title="Touk - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Touk" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Газар уһанай амитад - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Газар уһанай амитад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibis" title="Amfibis - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amfibis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakion" title="Bakion - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bakion" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%A7%E1%8E%B3_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%99_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B9_%E1%8F%B1%E1%8F%83_%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%AF" title="ᎢᏧᎳ ᎦᏙ ᎠᎹ ᏱᏃ ᎡᎯ - Tsierocî" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏧᎳ ᎦᏙ ᎠᎹ ᏱᏃ ᎡᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Tsierocî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="وشکاوی - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وشکاوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboj%C5%BEiveln%C3%ADci" title="Obojživelníci - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obojživelníci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8-%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Çĕрти-шыврисем - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕрти-шыврисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padder" title="Padder - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Padder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibien" title="Amphibien - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amphibien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3n%C9%94godzikplet%C9%94mewo" title="Lãnɔgodzikpletɔmewo - Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Lãnɔgodzikpletɔmewo" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αμφίβια - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμφίβια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Amphibian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibioj" title="Amfibioj - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amfibioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahepaiksed" title="Kahepaiksed - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kahepaiksed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfibio" title="Anfibio - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anfibio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfibiu" title="Anfibiu - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Anfibiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دوزیستان - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوزیستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammakkoel%C3%A4imet" title="Sammakkoeläimet - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sammakkoeläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibiens" title="Amfibiens - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Amfibiens" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfiibie" title="Amfiibie - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Amfiibie" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibyen" title="Amfibyen - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amfibyen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfaibiach" title="Amfaibiach - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Amfaibiach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0-bheathach" title="Dà-bheathach - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dà-bheathach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfibios" title="Anfibios - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anfibios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ypegua" title="Ypegua - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ypegua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daa-veaghagh" title="Daa-veaghagh - Manaweg" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Daa-veaghagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דו-חיים - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דו-חיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="उभयचर - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उभयचर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Amphibian" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodozemci" title="Vodozemci - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vodozemci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9t%C3%A9lt%C5%B1ek" title="Kétéltűek - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kétéltűek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Երկկենցաղներ - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկկենցաղներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibio" title="Amphibio - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Amphibio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibi" title="Amfibi - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amfibi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibie" title="Amfibie - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Amfibie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampibia" title="Ampibia - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ampibia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibio" title="Amfibio - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amfibio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froskd%C3%BDr" title="Froskdýr - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Froskdýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A1%E7%94%9F%E9%A1%9E" title="両生類 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="両生類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibian" title="Amfibian - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Amfibian" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/banfi" title="banfi - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="banfi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibi" title="Amfibi - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Amfibi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ამფიბიები - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამფიბიები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer-suw_haywanlar%C4%B1" title="Jer-suw haywanları - Cara-Calpaceg" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jer-suw haywanları" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Calpaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikelmanin" title="Tikelmanin - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tikelmanin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Амфибиэхэр - Cabardieg" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Амфибиэхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Cabardieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpataayala" title="Kpataayala - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpataayala" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Қосмекенділер - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қосмекенділер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಉಭಯಚರಗಳು - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಭಯಚರಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%9C%EB%A5%98" title="양서류 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양서류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%81%D9%90%D8%A8%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایمفِبیین - Cashmireg" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ایمفِبیین" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Cashmireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejav%C3%AE" title="Bejavî - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bejavî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwelvennek" title="Diwelvennek - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Diwelvennek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83" title="Жерде-сууда жашоочу - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жерде-сууда жашоочу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurchen" title="Lurchen - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lurchen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibio" title="Amfibio - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Amfibio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensolo_Lubbira" title="Ensolo Lubbira - Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ensolo Lubbira" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibie%C3%AB" title="Amfibieë - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Amfibieë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfibe" title="Anfibe - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Anfibe" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varliagyviai" title="Varliagyviai - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Varliagyviai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abinieki" title="Abinieki - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abinieki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Амфибиясь - Mocsia" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Амфибиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mocsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibia" title="Amfibia - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Amfibia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Водоземци - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Водоземци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF" title="ഉഭയജീവി - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉഭയജീവി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хоёр нутагтан - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хоёр нутагтан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="उभयचर प्राणी - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उभयचर प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibia" title="Amfibia - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amfibia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="ကုန်းနေရေနေ သတ္တဝါ - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကုန်းနေရေနေ သတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Naplieg" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibien" title="Amphibien - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Amphibien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibie%C3%ABn" title="Amfibieën - Sacsoneg Isel" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Amfibieën" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sacsoneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0" title="उभयचर - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उभयचर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="एम्पिबियन - Newaeg" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एम्पिबियन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibie%C3%ABn" title="Amfibieën - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amfibieën" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibium" title="Amfibium - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amfibium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibier" title="Amfibier - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amfibier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biy%C3%A1%C3%A1zh_Ts%CA%BC%C7%AB%CA%BCas%C3%A1n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD_(T%C3%A1yi%CA%BC_d%C3%B3%C3%B3_Ni%CA%BCk%C3%A1%C3%A1g%C3%B3%C3%B3_Ndaakaa%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD)" title="Biyáázh Tsʼǫʼasánígíí (Táyiʼ dóó Niʼkáágóó Ndaakaaígíí) - Nafaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biyáázh Tsʼǫʼasánígíí (Táyiʼ dóó Niʼkáágóó Ndaakaaígíí)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Nafaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagal-hareeyyii" title="Dagal-hareeyyii - Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dagal-hareeyyii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Донзæххонтæ - Oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Донзæххонтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਜਲਥਲੀ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਲਥਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amphibian" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%82azy" title="Płazy - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Płazy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfibi" title="Anfibi - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Anfibi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%91%DB%8C" title="دو پاسی جندڑی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دو پاسی جندڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%87_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A" title="دوه ژوندوي - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دوه ژوندوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%ADbios" title="Anfíbios - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anfíbios" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpa_yaku_kawsaq" title="Allpa yaku kawsaq - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpa yaku kawsaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibis" title="Amfibis - Románsh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Amfibis" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Románsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibieni" title="Amfibieni - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amfibieni" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Земноводные - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Земноводные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Земноводны - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Земноводны" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Амфибия - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Амфибия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfibbiu" title="Anfibbiu - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Anfibbiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Amphibian" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84_%D9%BF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جل ٿيليا - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جل ٿيليا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodozemci" title="Vodozemci - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vodozemci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%B7%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="උභය ජීවීන් - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උභය ජීවීන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amphibian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboj%C5%BEiveln%C3%ADky" title="Obojživelníky - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obojživelníky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvo%C5%BEivke" title="Dvoživke - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dvoživke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzehugaro_huviri" title="Dzehugaro huviri - Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dzehugaro huviri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beribiyood" title="Beribiyood - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Beribiyood" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uj%C3%ABtok%C3%ABsor%C3%ABt" title="Ujëtokësorët - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ujëtokësorët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Водоземци - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Водоземци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibien" title="Amphibien - Ffriseg Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Amphibien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampibi" title="Ampibi - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ampibi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groddjur" title="Groddjur - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Groddjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibia" title="Amfibia - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amfibia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9" title="நீர்நில வாழ்வன - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்நில வாழ்வன" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఉభయచరము - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉభయచరము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Обхокиҳо - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Обхокиҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81" title="สัตว์สะเทินน้ำสะเทินบก - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์สะเทินน้ำสะเทินบก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Amphibia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumanu_nofo_%CA%BButa_mo_vai" title="Monumanu nofo ʻuta mo vai - Tongeg" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Monumanu nofo ʻuta mo vai" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibiler" title="Amfibiler - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amfibiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80-%D1%81%D1%83_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Җир-су хайваннары - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җир-су хайваннары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Земноводні - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Земноводні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84_%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%92" title="جل تھلیے - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جل تھلیے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvda_va_quruqlikda_yashovchilar" title="Suvda va quruqlikda yashovchilar - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suvda va quruqlikda yashovchilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibijad" title="Amfibijad - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Amfibijad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1ng_c%C6%B0" title="Động vật lưỡng cư - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật lưỡng cư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibie%C3%ABn" title="Amfibieën - Fflemeg Gorllewinol" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Amfibieën" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Fflemeg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batracyin" title="Batracyin - Walwneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Batracyin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walwneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampibyan" title="Ampibyan - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ampibyan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%A0%96%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="两栖动物 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="两栖动物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isele" title="Isele - Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isele" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אמפיביע - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אמפיביע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibie%C3%ABn" title="Amfibieën - Zêlandeg" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Amfibieën" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zêlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%A0%96%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="两栖动物 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="两栖动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%B3ng-chhe-l%C5%ABi" title="Lióng-chhe-lūi - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lióng-chhe-lūi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%A3%B2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="兩棲動物 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="兩棲動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10908#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amffibiad" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Amffibiad&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amffibiad"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amffibiad"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=history"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Amffibiad" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Amffibiad" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&oldid=12907503" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Amffibiad&id=12907503&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmffibiad"><span>Cael URL byr</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmffibiad"><span>Lawrlwytho cod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Amffibiad"><span>Llunio llyfr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Amffibiad&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lawrlwytho fel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Fersiwn argraffu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amphibia" hreflang="en"><span>Comin Wikimedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Amphibia" hreflang="en"><span>Wicifywyd</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10908" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Eitem Wicidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Amffibiad</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Amphibia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Amphibia.png/220px-Amphibia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Amphibia.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Enghraifft o'r canlynol</th><td><a href="/wiki/Tacson" title="Tacson">tacson</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10908?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td>Tetrapoda <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10908?uselang=cy#P279" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Safle tacson</th><td><a href="/wiki/Dosbarth_(bioleg)" title="Dosbarth (bioleg)">dosbarth</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10908?uselang=cy#P105" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rhiant dacson</th><td>Batrachomorpha <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10908?uselang=cy#P171" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Dechreuwyd</th><td>Mileniwm 371. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cy:Cyn_Crist" class="extiw" title="w:cy:Cyn Crist">CC</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10908?uselang=cy#P580" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tudalen Comin"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amphibia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amphibia">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255,192,203)">Amffibiaid </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Hyla_arborea01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hyla_arborea01.jpg/250px-Hyla_arborea01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hyla_arborea01.jpg/375px-Hyla_arborea01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Hyla_arborea01.jpg/500px-Hyla_arborea01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Llyffant y coed (<i>Hyla arborea</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255,192,203)"><a href="/wiki/Dosbarthiad_gwyddonol" title="Dosbarthiad gwyddonol">Dosbarthiad gwyddonol</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Teyrnas: </td> <td><span class="teyrnas" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ffylwm: </td> <td><span class="ffylwm" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Chordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Is-ffylwm: </td> <td><span class="is-ffylwm" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dosbarth: </td> <td><span class="dosbarth" style="white-space:nowrap;"><b>Amphibia</b></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255,192,203)">Is-ddosbarthiadau ac <a href="/wiki/Urdd_(bioleg)" title="Urdd (bioleg)">Urddau</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Urdd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temnospondyli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temnospondyli (dim tudalen ar gael)">Temnospondyli</a> (<i>diflanedig</i>)</li></ul> <p>Is-ddosbarth <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepospondyli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepospondyli (dim tudalen ar gael)">Lepospondyli</a> (<i>diflanedig</i>)<br /> Is-ddosbarth <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lissamphibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lissamphibia (dim tudalen ar gael)">Lissamphibia</a> </p> <ul><li>Urdd <a href="/wiki/Anura" class="mw-redirect" title="Anura">Anura</a> (llyffantod a brogaod)</li> <li>Urdd <a href="/wiki/Caudata" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudata">Caudata</a> (salamandrau a madfallod dŵr)</li> <li>Urdd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnophiona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnophiona (dim tudalen ar gael)">Gymnophiona</a> (sesiliaid)</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dosbarth_(bioleg)" title="Dosbarth (bioleg)">Dosbarth</a> o <a href="/wiki/Fertebrat" title="Fertebrat">fertebratau</a> gwaed oer lled-ddaeardrig â chroen llyfn sy'n deor fel <a href="/wiki/Larfa" title="Larfa">larfa</a> dyfrol tagellog yw <b>amffibiaid</b> (enw <a href="/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin">Lladin</a>: <i>Amphibia</i>). Ceir bron i 6,000 o rywogaethau, sy'n cynnwys <a href="/wiki/Llyffant" title="Llyffant">llyffantod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broga" title="Broga">brogaod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salamandr" title="Salamandr">salamandrau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madfall_dd%C5%B5r" title="Madfall ddŵr">madfallod dŵr</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesiliad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesiliad (dim tudalen ar gael)">sesiliaid</a>. Mae pob amffibiad sy'n byw heddiw yn perthyn i'r is-ddosbarth Lissamphibia. Maent yn byw mewn amrywiaeth eang o gynefinoedd, gyda'r rhan fwyaf o rywogaethau'n byw o fewn <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystemau</a> daearol, <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">ffosilaidd</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coedwigoedd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coedwigoedd (dim tudalen ar gael)">coediog</a> neu <a href="/wiki/D%C5%B5r_croyw" class="mw-redirect" title="Dŵr croyw">ddŵr croyw</a>. Felly mae amffibiaid fel arfer yn dechrau fel <a href="/wiki/Larfa" title="Larfa">larfa</a> sy'n byw mewn dŵr, ond mae rhai rhywogaethau wedi datblygu addasiadau i osgoi hyn. </p><p>Chwe rhywogaeth sy'n frodorol i Gymru: gan gynnwys y <a href="/wiki/Llyffant" title="Llyffant">llyffantod</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Madfall" title="Madfall">madfallod</a>. Y llyffant melyn / broga (<i>Rana tempraria</i>) yw'r mwyaf adnabyddus ac eang ei ddosbarthiad. Ceir llawer o gyfeiriadau llên gwerin ato a'r clystyrau grifft mewn pyllau yn Chwefror a Mawrth, sy'n un o arwyddion y gwanwyn. Lliwiau'r oedolyn yw tywyll ar gyfnod glawog a melyn ar gyfnod heulog, a dyma arwyddion tywydd traddodiadol i'r cynhaeaf. Gorchuddir y <a href="/wiki/Llyffant_dafadennog" title="Llyffant dafadennog">llyffant dafadennog</a> (<i>Bufo bufo</i>) â chwarennau gwenwynig a manteisiai gwrachod ar y cyffuriau ynddynt ar gyfer swynion ac i gyfleu'r teimlad o hedfan. Collwyd <a href="/wiki/Llyffant_y_twyni" title="Llyffant y twyni">llyffant y twyni</a> (<i>Bufo calamita</i>) o Gymru yn y <a href="/wiki/1970au" title="1970au">1970au</a> ond fe'i hailgyflwynwyd i safleoedd addas yn ddiweddarach. </p><p>Y fadfall ddŵr balmwyddog (<i>Triticus helveticus</i>) yw'r fwyaf cyffredin trwy Gymru ac mae i'w chael mewn pyllau yn uchel yn y mynydd-dir mewn rhai ardaloedd. Mae'r fadfall ddŵr gyffredin (<i>T. vulgaris</i>) a'r fadfall ddŵr gribog (<i>T. cristatus</i>) yn fwy i'r dwyrain a'r tiroedd gwaelod. </p><p>Yn gyffredinol, mae'r ifanc yn mynd drwy'r broses o <a href="/wiki/Metamorffosis" title="Metamorffosis">fetamorffosis:</a> gan droi o fod yn larfa gyda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagell (dim tudalen ar gael)">thagellau</a> i ffurf anadlu aer oedolyn gyda'r <a href="/wiki/Ysgyfaint" title="Ysgyfaint">ysgyfaint</a>. Mae amffibiaid yn defnyddio eu <a href="/wiki/Croen" title="Croen">crwyn</a> fel arwyneb anadlol eilaidd ac mae rhai <a href="/wiki/Salamandr" title="Salamandr">salamandrau</a> daearol bach a <a href="/wiki/Llyffant" title="Llyffant">brogaod</a> yn brin o ysgyfaint ac yn dibynnu'n llwyr ar eu crwyn. Maent yn debyg ar yr arwyneb i <a href="/wiki/Madfall" title="Madfall">fadfallod</a> ond, ynghyd â mamaliaid ac adar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amniot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amniot (dim tudalen ar gael)">amniotiau</a> yw <a href="/wiki/Ymlusgiad" title="Ymlusgiad">ymlusgiaid</a> ac nid oes angen dŵr arnynt i fridio. Gyda'u hanghenion atgenhedlu cymhleth a'u crwyn athraidd, mae amffibiaid yn aml yn ddangosyddion ecolegol; yn ystod y degawdau diwethaf bu gostyngiad dramatig ym mhoblogaethau amffibiaid ar gyfer llawer o rywogaethau ledled y byd, oherwydd gostyngiad dramatig yng nglendid dŵr y byd. </p><p>Datblygodd yr amffibiaid cynharaf yn y cyfnod <a href="/wiki/Defonaidd" title="Defonaidd">Defonaidd</a> - allan o bysgod sarcopterygaidd gydag ysgyfaint ac esgyll esgyrnog, nodweddion a oedd yn ddefnyddiol wrth addasu i dir sych. Fe wnaethon nhw arallgyfeirio a dod yn flaenllaw yn ystod y cyfnodau <a href="/wiki/Carbonifferaidd" title="Carbonifferaidd">Carbonifferaidd</a> a <a href="/wiki/Permaidd" title="Permaidd">Permaidd</a>, ond cawsant eu dadleoli yn ddiweddarach gan ymlusgiaid a fertebratau eraill. Dros amser, ciliodd amffibiaid o ran maint a lleihaodd eu hamrywiaeth, a dim ond yr is-ddosbarth modern Lissamphibia yn unig a oroesodd. </p><p>Y tair urdd fodern o amffibiaid yw: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llyffant" title="Llyffant">Anura</a> (y brogaod),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamandr" title="Salamandr">Urodela</a> (y salamanders), ac</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caecilian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caecilian (dim tudalen ar gael)">Apoda</a> (y caeciliaid).</li></ul> <p>Ceir tua 8,000 o rywogaethau o amffibiaid hysbys, ac mae bron i 90% ohonynt yn llyffantod. Yr amffibiad (a fertebrat) lleiaf yn y byd yw'r broga o <a href="/wiki/Gini_Newydd" title="Gini Newydd">Gini Newydd</a> (y <i>Paedophryne amauensis</i>) sydd â hyd o ddim ond 7.7 mm. Yr amffibiad mwyaf yw <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salamander_cawr_De_Tsieina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salamander cawr De Tsieina (dim tudalen ar gael)">salamander enfawr De Tsieina</a> sy'n mesur 1.8 metr (yr <i>Andrias sligoi</i> ond ceir amffibiad a <a href="/wiki/Difodiant" title="Difodiant">ddifodwyd</a> sy'n mesur 9 metr, sef y <i>Prionosuchus</i> o ganol Permian, o <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Frasil</a>. </p><p>Gelwir yr astudiaeth o amffibiaid yn batracholeg, tra gelwir yr astudiaeth o ymlusgiaid ac amffibiaid yn herpetoleg. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dosbarthiad">Dosbarthiad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Dosbarthiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Dosbarthiad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Paratype_of_Paedophryne_amauensis_(LSUMZ_95004).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="World's smallest vertebrate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Paratype_of_Paedophryne_amauensis_%28LSUMZ_95004%29.png/220px-Paratype_of_Paedophryne_amauensis_%28LSUMZ_95004%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Paratype_of_Paedophryne_amauensis_%28LSUMZ_95004%29.png/330px-Paratype_of_Paedophryne_amauensis_%28LSUMZ_95004%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Paratype_of_Paedophryne_amauensis_%28LSUMZ_95004%29.png/440px-Paratype_of_Paedophryne_amauensis_%28LSUMZ_95004%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption> Fertebrat lleiaf y byd, y <i>Paedophryne amauensis</i>, yn eistedd ar ddarn o arian yn yr Unol Daleithiau. Mae'r darn arian (<i>dime</i>) yn mesur 17.9 mm mewn diamedr.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae'r gair <i>amffibiad</i> yn tarddu o'r term <a href="/wiki/Hen_Roeg_(iaith)" title="Hen Roeg (iaith)">Groeg Hynafol</a> <span lang="grc">ἀμφίβιος</span> (<i><span title="[[:Nodyn:ISO 639 name grc]] transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">amphíbios</span></i>), sy'n golygu 'y ddau fath o fywyd', <span lang="grc">ἀμφί</span> sy'n golygu 'o'r ddau fath' a <span lang="grc">βιος</span> sy'n golygu 'bywyd'. Defnyddiwyd y term i ddechrau fel ansoddair cyffredinol ar gyfer anifeiliaid a allai fyw ar dir neu mewn dŵr, gan gynnwys morloi a dyfrgwn.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn draddodiadol, mae'r dosbarth Amffibia yn cynnwys yr holl fertebratau tetrapod nad ydynt yn amniotau. Rhannwyd amffibia yn ei ystyr ehangaf (<span lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensu_lato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensu lato (dim tudalen ar gael)">sensu lato</a></span>) yn dri <a href="/wiki/Dosbarth_(bioleg)" title="Dosbarth (bioleg)">is-ddosbarth</a>, dau ohonynt wedi darfod: <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Is-ddosbarth Lepospondyli † (grŵp <a href="/wiki/Paleos%C3%B6ig" title="Paleosöig">Paleosöig</a> bach, sy'n perthyn yn nes at yr amniotau nag at y Lissamphibia)</li> <li>Is-ddosbarth Temnospondyli † (math amrywiol o'r <a href="/wiki/Paleos%C3%B6ig" title="Paleosöig">Paleosöig</a> a <a href="/wiki/Mesos%C3%B6ig" title="Mesosöig">Mesosöig</a> cynnar)</li> <li>Is-ddosbarth Lissamffibia (pob amffibiaid modern, gan gynnwys brogaod, llyffantod, salamandrau, madfallod dŵr a chastiliaid neu'r <i>caecilians</i>) <ul><li>Salientia (<a href="/wiki/Llyffant" title="Llyffant">llyffantod</a>, brogaod a pherthnasau eraill): <a href="/wiki/Jwrasig" title="Jwrasig">Jwrasig</a> hyd heddiw - 7,360 o rywogaethau cyfredol mewn 53 o deuluoedd<sup id="cite_ref-Calif_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calif-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Caudata (<a href="/wiki/Salamandr" title="Salamandr">salamandriaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madfall_dd%C5%B5r" title="Madfall ddŵr">madfallod dŵr</a> a pherthnasau): Jwrasig hyd heddiw - 764 o rywogaethau cyfredol mewn 9 teulu<sup id="cite_ref-Calif_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calif-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gymnophiona (caeciliaid a pherthnasau): Jwrasig hyd heddiw - 215 o rywogaethau cyfredol mewn 10 teulu <sup id="cite_ref-Calif_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calif-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allocaudata† (Albanerpetontidae) Jwrasig Canol - <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen">Pleistosen</a> Cynnar</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Triadobatrachus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Triadobatrachus massinoti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Triadobatrachus.jpg/220px-Triadobatrachus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Triadobatrachus.jpg/330px-Triadobatrachus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Triadobatrachus.jpg/440px-Triadobatrachus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triadobatrachus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triadobatrachus (dim tudalen ar gael)">Triadobatrachus massinoti</a></i>, broto-llyffant o'r Triasig Cynnar o Fadagascar</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae nifer gwirioneddol y rhywogaethau ym mhob grŵp yn dibynnu ar y dosbarthiad tacsonomig a ddilynir. Y ddwy system fwyaf cyffredin yw'r dosbarthiad a fabwysiadwyd gan y wefan AmphibiaWeb, <a href="/wiki/Prifysgol_Califfornia,_Berkeley" title="Prifysgol Califfornia, Berkeley">Prifysgol California, Berkeley</a> a'r dosbarthiad gan yr herpetolegydd Darrel Frost ac Amgueddfa Hanes Natur America, sydd ar gael fel y gronfa ddata gyfeiriol ar-lein "Amphibian Species of the World".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae niferoedd y rhywogaethau a nodir uchod yn dilyn Frost ac roedd cyfanswm y rhywogaethau amffibiaid hysbys ar 31 Mawrth, 2019 yn union 8,000,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gyda bron i 90% ohonynt yn llyffantod. <sup id="cite_ref-species_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-species-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nodweddion">Nodweddion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Nodweddion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nodweddion"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rhennir yr uwch-ddosbarth Tetrapoda yn bedwar dosbarth o anifeiliaid gydag asgwrn cefn a phedair braich neu goes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae ymlusgiaid, adar a mamaliaid yn amniotau, y mae eu wyau naill ai'n cael eu dodwy neu eu cario gan y fenyw ac wedi'u hamgylchynu gan sawl <a href="/wiki/Pilen" title="Pilen">pilen</a>, rhai ohonynt yn anhydraidd.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gan nad oes ganddynt y pilenni hyn, mae angen pyllau dŵr ar amffibiaid ar gyfer atgenhedlu, er bod rhai rhywogaethau wedi datblygu strategaethau amrywiol ar gyfer amddiffyn neu osgoi'r cyfnod larfal dyfrol sy'n peryglu'r creadur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nid ydynt i'w cael yn y môr ac eithrio un neu ddau o lyffantod sy'n byw mewn dŵr hallt mewn corsydd <a href="/wiki/Mangrof" title="Mangrof">mangrof</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gall salamander yr Anderson fyw mewn llynnoedd hallt neu ddŵr hallt.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ar dir, mae amffibiaid yn cael eu cyfyngu i gynefinoedd llaith oherwydd yr angen i gadw eu <a href="/wiki/Croen" title="Croen">crwyn</a> yn llaith.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae gan amffibiaid modern <a href="/wiki/Anatomeg" title="Anatomeg">anatomeg</a> symlach o'i gymharu â'u hynafiaid oherwydd paedomorffosis, a achosir gan ddau dueddiad esblygiadol: lleihad a genom anarferol o fawr, sy'n arwain at gyfradd twf a datblygiad arafach o'i gymharu a fertebratau eraill.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae rheswm arall am eu maint yn gysylltiedig â'u metamorffosis cyflym, sydd fel pe bai wedi esblygu'n unig yn hynafiaid lissamffibia; ym mhob llinell hysbys arall yr oedd y datblygiad yn llawer mwy graddol. </p><p>Gan nad ydynt yn bwyta yn ystod y <a href="/wiki/Metamorffosis" title="Metamorffosis">metamorffosis</a>, mae'n rhaid i'r metamorffosis fynd yn gyflymach po leiaf yw'r unigolyn, felly mae'n digwydd yn gynnar pan fo'r larfa'n dal yn fach. Nid yw'r rhywogaeth fwyaf o salamanders yn mynd trwy fetamorffosis.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mewn amffibiaid sy'n dodwy wyau ar dir, yn aml eir trwy'r metamorffosis cyfan y tu mewn i'r wy. Mae wyau tirol anamniotig yn llai nag 1 cm mewn diamedr oherwydd problemau trylediad, maint sy'n cyfyngu ar faint o dyfiant sydd wedi iddynt ddeor.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fertebratau ectothermig (gwaed oer) yw amffibiaid ac nid ydynt yn cynnal tymheredd eu cyrff trwy brosesau <a href="/wiki/Ffisioleg" title="Ffisioleg">ffisiolegol</a> mewnol. Mae eu cyfradd fetabolig yn isel ac o ganlyniad, mae eu gofynion bwyd ac egni'n gyfyngedig. Yn y cyflwr oedolion, mae ganddyn nhw ddwythellau dagrau ac amrannau symudol, ac mae gan y rhan fwyaf o rywogaethau glustiau sy'n gallu canfod dirgryniadau yn yr awyr neu o'r ddaear. Mae ganddynt dafodau cyhyrog a hir, y gellir eu gwthio allan ac mae gan amffibiaid modern fertebra wedi'i osseiddio'n llawn gyda phrosesau articiwlar. Mae eu hasennau fel arfer yn fyr a gallant gael eu hasio i'r fertebra. </p><p>Nid yw eu crwyn yn cynnwys llawer o geratin ac nid oes ganddynt <a href="/wiki/Cen" title="Cen">gennau</a>, ar wahân i ychydig o gen tebyg i bysgod mewn rhai cesiliaid. Mae'r crwyn yn cynnwys llawer o chwarennau mwcaidd ac mewn rhai rhywogaethau, <a href="/wiki/Croen" title="Croen">chwarennau gwenwyn</a>. Rhennir calonnau amffibiaid yn dair siambr, dau atria ac un fentrigl. Mae ganddyn nhw <a href="/wiki/Pledren" title="Pledren">bledren wrinol</a> ac mae cynhyrchion gwastraff nitrogenaidd yn cael eu hysgarthu'n bennaf fel wrea. Mewn dŵr mae'r rhan fwyaf o amffibiaid yn dodwy eu hwyau ac mae'r larfa dyfrol yn mynd drwy metamorffosis i ddod yn oedolion tirol. Anadlant trwy gyfrwng gweithrediad pwmp lle mae aer yn cael ei dynnu am y tro cyntaf i'r rhan buccopharyngeal trwy'r ffroenau. Yna mae'r rhain yn cael eu cau a'r aer yn cael ei orfodi i'r ysgyfaint gan gyfangiad yn y gwddf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ategir hyn gyda chyfnewid nwyon trwy'r croen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anura">Anura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Anura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Anura"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red-eyed tree frog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg/220px-Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg/330px-Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg/440px-Red_eyed_tree_frog_edit2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2293" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption> Broga coed llygaid coch (<i>Agalychnis callidryas</i>) gyda choesau a thraed pwrpasol ar gyfer dringo</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae'r urdd <a href="/wiki/Llyffant" title="Llyffant">Anura</a> (o'r Hen Roeg <i>a(n) -</i> sy'n golygu "heb" ac <i>oura</i> sy'n golygu "cynffon") yn cynnwys y brogaod a'r llyffantod. Fel arfer mae ganddyn nhw goesau ôl hir sy'n plygu oddi tanynt, coesau blaen byrrach, bysedd traed gweog heb grafangau, dim cynffonnau, llygaid mawr a chroen llaith chwarennol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cyfeirir at aelodau o'r urdd hon sydd â chrwyn llyfn yn gyffredin fel llyffantod, tra bod y rhai â <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warty" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:warty">chrwyn</a> dafadennog yn cael eu hadnabod fel llyffantod. Nid yw'r gwahaniaeth yn un ffurfiol yn dacsonomegol ac mae nifer o eithriadau i'r rheol hon. Mae aelodau o'r teulu Bufonidae yn cael eu hadnabod fel y "llyffantod gwirioneddol".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gall y brogaod amrywio o ran maint gyda'r Broga Goliath ( <i>Conraua goliath</i> ) o Orllewin Affrica yn mesur 30 cm (12 modf)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i'r <i>Paedophryne amauensis</i>, a ddisgrifiwyd gyntaf yn Papua Gini Newydd yn 2012 sy'n 7.7 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Er bod y rhan fwyaf o rywogaethau'n gysylltiedig â dŵr a chynefinoedd llaith, mae rhai yn arbenigo mewn byw mewn coed neu anialwch. Fe'u ceir ledled y byd ac eithrio'r ardaloedd pegynol.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caudata">Caudata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Caudata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Caudata"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Cryptobranchus_japonicus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Japanese giant salamander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cryptobranchus_japonicus.jpg/220px-Cryptobranchus_japonicus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Cryptobranchus_japonicus.jpg/330px-Cryptobranchus_japonicus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Cryptobranchus_japonicus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>Salamander anferthol o Japan<br />(<i>Andrias japonicus</i>), salamander cyntefig</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae'r urdd y Caudata (o'r Lladin <i>cauda</i> sy'n golygu "cynffon") yn cynnwys y salamandrau - anifeiliaid hirgul, isel sy'n ymdebygu i fadfallod yn bennaf o ran ffurf. Nid ydynt yn perthyn yn agosach i fadfallod nag ydynt i famaliaid.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nid oes gan y salamandrau grafangau, ac mae eu crwyn naill ai'n llyfn neu wedi'u gorchuddio â chloron, a chynffonau sydd fel arfer yn fflat o ochr i ochr. Maent yn amrywio o ran maint o <a href="/wiki/Salamandr_Mawr_Tsieina" title="Salamandr Mawr Tsieina">Salamandr Mawr Tsieina</a> (yr <i>Andrias davidianus</i> ), sy'n tyfu i hyd at 1.8 metr (5 tr 11modf)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i'r <i>Thorius pennatulus</i> pitw o <a href="/wiki/Mecsico" title="Mecsico">Fecsico</a> nad yw'n fwy na 20 mm o hyd.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae gan salamandriaid ddosbarthiad <a href="/wiki/Lawrasia" title="Lawrasia">Lawrasaidd</a> yn bennaf, gan eu bod yn bresennol mewn llawer o ranbarth Holarctig hemisffer y gogledd. Ceir y teulu Plethodontidae hefyd yng Nghanolbarth America a De America i'r gogledd o fasn yr Amason.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elmer2013_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmer2013-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae Urodela yn enw a ddefnyddir weithiau ar gyfer yr holl rywogaethau o salamandriaid sy'n bodoli.<sup id="cite_ref-larson_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae nifer o deuluoedd o'r salamandrau'n bedomorffig ac felly'n methu â chwblhau eu metamorffosis neu'n cadw rhai nodweddion larfal fel oedolion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r rhan fwyaf o salamandrau o dan 15 cm o hyd. Gallant fod yn ddaearol neu'n ddyfrol ac mae llawer yn treulio rhan o'r flwyddyn ym mhob cynefin. Pan fyddant ar y tir, maent gan amlaf yn treulio'r diwrnod yn cuddio o dan gerrig neu foncyffion neu mewn llystyfiant trwchus, gan ddod allan gyda'r hwyr a'r nos i chwilota am fwydod, pryfed ac infertebratau eraill.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gymnophiona">Gymnophiona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Gymnophiona" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Gymnophiona"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Siphonops_paulensis02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Siphonops paulensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Siphonops_paulensis02.jpg/220px-Siphonops_paulensis02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Siphonops_paulensis02.jpg/330px-Siphonops_paulensis02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Siphonops_paulensis02.jpg/440px-Siphonops_paulensis02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siphonops_paulensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siphonops paulensis (dim tudalen ar gael)">Siphonops paulensis</a></i> caecilian o Dde America</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae'r urdd Gymnophiona (o'r Groeg <i>gymnos</i> sy'n golygu "noeth" ac <i>ophis</i> yn golygu "sarff") neu Apoda yn cynnwys y caeciliaid. Mae'r rhain yn anifeiliaid hir, silindrog, heb goesynnau gyda ffurf debyg i <a href="/wiki/Neidr" title="Neidr">neidr</a> neu <a href="/wiki/Anelid" title="Anelid">lyngyr</a>. Gall yr oedolion amrywio o 8 i 75 cm ond gall y <i>Caecilia thompsoni</i> dyfu i fod yn 1.5 metr (4.9 tr) o hyd. </p><p>Mae gan groen caecilian nifer fawr o blygiadau ardraws ac mewn rhai rhywogaethau mae'n cynnwys gen dermol bach wedi'u mewnosod. Mae ganddo lygaid elfennol wedi'u gorchuddio â chroen, sydd fwy na thebyg wedi'u cyfyngu i wahaniaethau rhwng dwyster golau'n unig. Mae ganddo hefyd bâr o tentaclau byr ger y llygad y gellir eu hymestyn ac sydd â swyddogaethau cyffwrdd ac <a href="/wiki/Arogleuo" title="Arogleuo">arogli</a>. Mae'r rhan fwyaf o gaesiliaid yn byw dan y ddaear mewn tyllau llaith, mewn pren pwdr ac o dan falurion planhigion, ond mae rhai yn ddyfrol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gall y rhan fwyaf o rywogaethau ddodwy eu hwyau o dan y ddaear a phan fydd y larfa'n deor, maent yn nadreddu eu ffordd i byllau cyfagos o ddŵr. Mae eraill yn magu eu hwyau gyda'r larfa'n metamorffeiddio cyn i'r wyau ddeor. Gall ychydig o rywogaethau roi genedigaeth i rai ifanc byw, gan eu maethu â secretiadau chwarennau tra byddant yn yr wyffos (ofiduct).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> F'u ceir yn rhanbarthau trofannol Affrica, Asia a Chanolbarth a De America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croen">Croen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Croen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Croen"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Tree_frog_congo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Common reed frog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tree_frog_congo.jpg/220px-Tree_frog_congo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tree_frog_congo.jpg/330px-Tree_frog_congo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tree_frog_congo.jpg/440px-Tree_frog_congo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption> Mae lliwiau llachar y llyffant cyrs cyffredin (<i>Hyperolius viridiflavus</i>) yn nodweddiadol o rywogaeth wenwynig</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae strwythur amffibiaid yn cynnwys rhai nodweddion nodweddiadol sy'n gyffredin i fertebratau tirol, megis presenoldeb haenau allanol corniog iawn, a adnewyddir o bryd i'w gilydd trwy broses o fwrw croen, a reolir gan y chwarennau <a href="/wiki/Chwarren_bitwidol" title="Chwarren bitwidol">c</a><a href="/wiki/Chwarren_bitwidol" title="Chwarren bitwidol">hwarren bitwidol</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a>. Mae tewhau lleol (a elwir yn aml yn ddafadennau) yn gyffredin, fel y rhai a geir ar lyffantod. Bwrwr ymaith tu allan y croen o bryd i'w gilydd mewn un darn fel arfer, mewn cyferbyniad â mamaliaid ac adar lle mae'n cael ei ollwng bob yn hyn a hyn. Yn aml, mae amffibiaid yn bwyta'r croen hwn sydd wedi'i fwrw.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r caeciliaid yn unigryw ymhlith amffibiaid oherwydd bod ganddynt gen dermal o fwynau wedi'i ymgorffori yn y dermis rhwng y rhychau yn y croen a cheir tebygrwydd rhyngddynt a physgod esgyrnog, ond tebygrwydd pur arwynebol i raddau helaeth. Mae gan fadfall a rhai brogaod osteodermau sy'n ffurfio dyddodion esgyrnog yn y dermis, ond mae hyn yn enghraifft o esblygiad cydgyfeiriol gyda strwythurau tebyg wedi codi'n annibynnol mewn llinachau asgwrn cefn amrywiol.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:FrogSkin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/FrogSkin.png/220px-FrogSkin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/FrogSkin.png/330px-FrogSkin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/FrogSkin.png/440px-FrogSkin.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption> Trawstoriad o groen broga. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Olist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Olist (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nodyn:Olist</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mae croen amffibiaid yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athraidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athraidd (dim tudalen ar gael)">athraidd</a> i ddŵr. Gall cyfnewid <a href="/wiki/Nwy" title="Nwy">nwy</a> ddigwydd drwy’r croen (resbiradaeth drwy'r croen) ac mae hyn yn caniatáu i amffibiaid llawn dwf <a href="/wiki/Anadlu" title="Anadlu">anadlu</a> heb godi i wyneb y dŵr ac i aeafgysgu ar waelod pyllau.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I wneud iawn am eu croen tenau a thyner, mae amffibiaid wedi datblygu chwarennau <a href="/wiki/Mwcws" title="Mwcws">mwcaidd</a>, yn bennaf ar eu pennau, eu cefnau a'u cynffonau. Mae'r secretiadau a gynhyrchir gan y rhain yn helpu i gadw'r croen yn llaith. Yn ogystal, mae gan y rhan fwyaf o rywogaethau o amffibiaid chwarennau gronynnog sy'n secretu sylweddau niweidiol neu wenwynig. Gall rhai tocsinau amffibiaid fod yn angheuol i bobl tra bod eraill yn effaith gwan. Mae'r prif chwarennau sy'n cynhyrchu gwenwyn, y parotoidau, yn cynhyrchu'r bwfotocsin niwrotocsin ac wedi'u lleoli y tu ôl i glustiau llyffantod, ar hyd cefnau brogaod, y tu ôl i lygaid salamandriaid ac ar wyneb uchaf caeciliaid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cynhyrchir lliw croen pob amffibiaid gan dair haen o gelloedd pigment o'r enw cromatofforau. Mae'r tair haen o gelloedd yma'n cynnwys y melanofforau (yn yr haen ddyfnaf), y guanophores (sy'n ffurfio'r haen ganolraddol ac yn cynnwys llawer o ronynnau, gan gynhyrchu lliw gwyrddlas) a'r lipofforau (melyn, yr haen fwyaf arwynebol). Mae'r newid lliw a ddangosir gan lawer o rywogaethau yn cael ei ysgogi gan <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormonau</a> sy'n cael eu secretu gan y chwarren bitwidol. Yn wahanol i bysgod esgyrnog, nid oes unrhyw reolaeth uniongyrchol o'r celloedd pigment gan y system nerfol, ac mae hyn yn arwain at y newid lliw yn digwydd yn arafach nag sy'n digwydd mewn pysgod. Mae croen lliw llachar fel arfer yn dynodi bod y rhywogaeth yn wenwynig ac yn rhybudd pendant i'r ysglyfaethwyr.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="System_ysgerbydol_a_symudiad">System ysgerbydol a symudiad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: System ysgerbydol a symudiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: System ysgerbydol a symudiad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Xenotosuchus_skull_roof.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Xenotosuchus_skull_roof.svg/220px-Xenotosuchus_skull_roof.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Xenotosuchus_skull_roof.svg/330px-Xenotosuchus_skull_roof.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Xenotosuchus_skull_roof.svg/440px-Xenotosuchus_skull_roof.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption> Diagram o benglog <i>Xenotosuchus,</i> un o'r temnospondyl-iaid</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae gan amffibiaid system ysgerbydol sydd o ran strwythur yn homologaidd i detrapodau eraill, ond gyda nifer o amrywiadau. Mae gan bob un ohonynt bedair coes ac eithrio'r caeciliaid heb goesau ac ychydig o rywogaethau o salamandriaid â breichiau a choesau neu ddim coesau o gwbl. Ceir esgyrn gwag ac yn ysgafn ac mae'r system gyhyr-ysgerbydol yn gryf er mwyn cynnal y pen a'r corff. </p><p>Mae'r esgyrn wedi'u hosogi'n llwyr ac mae'r fertebra yn cyd-gloi â'i gilydd trwy brosesau gorgyffwrdd. Cynhelir y gwregys pectoral gan <a href="/wiki/Cyhyr" title="Cyhyr">gyhyr</a>, ac mae'r <a href="/wiki/Pelfis" title="Pelfis">gwregys pelfig</a> wedi'i gysylltu i'r asgwrn cefn gan bâr o asennau sacrol. Mae'r ilium yn gwyro ymlaen ac mae'r corff yn cael ei ddal yn nes at y ddaear nag sy'n wir mewn mamaliaid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991846_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991846-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Ceratophrys_cornuta_skeleton_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Frog skeleton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ceratophrys_cornuta_skeleton_front.jpg/220px-Ceratophrys_cornuta_skeleton_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ceratophrys_cornuta_skeleton_front.jpg/330px-Ceratophrys_cornuta_skeleton_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ceratophrys_cornuta_skeleton_front.jpg/440px-Ceratophrys_cornuta_skeleton_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption> Sgerbwd y broga corniog Surinam<br /><br /><br /><br />(<i>Ceratophrys cornuta</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae gan y rhan fwyaf o amffibiaid, bedwar digid ar y droed flaen a phump ar y droed ôl, ond dim crafangau o fath yn y byd ar y naill na'r llall. Mae gan rai salamandrau lai o ddigidau ac mae'r amffiwmau'n debyg i <a href="/wiki/Llysywen" title="Llysywen">lyswennod</a> gyda choesau bach tew. Mae <a href="/wiki/Genws" title="Genws">genws</a> y seirenau yn salamandrau dyfrol gyda blaenau bach tew a dim coesau ôl. Mae'r caeciliaid yn ddi-goes, er mwyn iddynt fedru tyrchu fel pryfed genwair gyda'r cyhyr yn symud ar hyd y corff. Ar wyneb y ddaear neu mewn dŵr maent yn symud trwy donni eu cyrff o ochr i ochr ar yn ail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen199526–36_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen199526–36-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mewn brogaod, mae'r coesau ôl yn fwy na'r coesau blaen, yn enwedig yn y rhywogaethau hynny sy'n symud yn bennaf trwy neidio neu nofio. Yn y cerddwyr a'r rhedwyr nid yw'r coesau ôl mor fawr, ac mae gan y tyllwyr, gan amlaf, goesau byr a chyrff llydan. Mae gan y traed addasiadau ar gyfer y ffordd o fyw, gyda gwe rhwng bysedd y traed ar gyfer nofio, padiau traed adlyn eang ar gyfer dringo, a chloronau ceratinaidd ar y traed ôl ar gyfer cloddio (mae llyffantod fel arfer yn tyllu am yn ôl i fewn i'r pridd). Mae gan y salamandrau, goesau byr sydd mwy neu lai yr un hyd ac yn ymestyn ar onglau sgwâr o'r corff. Symudir ar dir trwy gerdded ac mae'r gynffon yn aml yn troi o ochr i ochr neu'n cael ei defnyddio fel prop, yn enwedig wrth ddringo. Yn eu cerddediad arferol, dim ond un goes sy'n symud ymlaen ar y tro yn y modd a fabwysiadwyd gan eu hynafiaid, y pysgodyn llabedog.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae rhai salamandrau yn y genws <i>Aneides</i> a rhai yn y plethodontids yn dringo coed ac mae ganddynt goesau hir a phadiau traed mawr. Mewn salamandrau dyfrol ac mewn penbyliaid y broga, mae gan y gynffon esgyll dorsal a thorrol (fentrol) a symuda o ochr i ochr fel modd o yrru'r corff ymlaen. Nid oes gan lyffantod llawndwf gynffonau a dim ond rhai byr iawn sydd gan y caesiliaid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="System_resbiradol">System resbiradol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: System resbiradol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: System resbiradol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Axolotl_ganz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Axolotl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Axolotl_ganz.jpg/220px-Axolotl_ganz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Axolotl_ganz.jpg/330px-Axolotl_ganz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Axolotl_ganz.jpg/440px-Axolotl_ganz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2178" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption> Mae'r <a href="/wiki/Acsolotl" title="Acsolotl">acsolotl</a> (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>) yn cadw ei ffurf larfa gyda thagellau hyd yn oed pan yn oedolyn.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae ysgyfaint amffibiaid yn gyntefig o'u cymharu â'r amniotau, heb lawer o septa mewnol ac mae ganddyn nhw <a href="/wiki/Alfeoli" title="Alfeoli">alfeoli</a> mawr, ac o ganlyniad mae ganddynt gyfradd trylediad (<i>diffusion</i>) cymharol araf ar gyfer ocsigen sy'n mynd i mewn i'r gwaed. Mae awyru yn cael ei gyflawni drwy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bwmpio_buccal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bwmpio buccal (dim tudalen ar gael)">bwmpio bwcal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fodd bynnag, mae'r rhan fwyaf o amffibiaid yn gallu cyfnewid nwyon â'r dŵr neu'r aer trwy eu crwyn. Er mwyn galluogi digon o resbiradaeth croenol, rhaid i arwyneb eu crwyn aros yn llaith i ganiatáu i'r ocsigen dryledu ar gyfradd ddigon uchel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oherwydd bod crynodiad ocsigen yn y dŵr yn cynyddu ar dymheredd isel a chyfraddau llif uchel, gall amffibiaid dyfrol yn y sefyllfaoedd hyn ddibynnu'n bennaf ar resbiradaeth croenol, fel yn y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telmatobius_culeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telmatobius culeus (dim tudalen ar gael)">broga dŵr Titicaca</a> a'r salamandr <i>hellbender</i> (<i>Cryptobranchus alleganiensis</i>). Mewn aer, lle mae ocsigen yn fwy cryno, gall rhai rhywogaethau bach ddibynnu'n llwyr ar gyfnewid nwyon drwy'r croen, a'r enwocaf o ran hyn yw'r salamandrau plethodontid, nad oes ganddyn nhw ysgyfaint na thagellau. Mae gan lawer o salamanderiaid dyfrol a phob penbwl dagellau yn eu cyfnod larfa, gyda rhai (fel yr <a href="/wiki/Acsolotl" title="Acsolotl">acsolotl</a>) yn eu cadw fel oedolion hefyd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atgynhyrchu">Atgynhyrchu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Atgynhyrchu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Atgynhyrchu"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Litoria_xanthomera_amplexus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Orange-thighed frogs in amplexus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Litoria_xanthomera_amplexus.jpg/220px-Litoria_xanthomera_amplexus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Litoria_xanthomera_amplexus.jpg/330px-Litoria_xanthomera_amplexus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Litoria_xanthomera_amplexus.jpg/440px-Litoria_xanthomera_amplexus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> <i>Litoria xanthomera</i> oren gwrywaidd yn gafael yn y fenyw ac yn <a href="/wiki/Cyplysu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyplysu">cyplysu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Er mwyn <a href="/wiki/Atgenhedlu" title="Atgenhedlu">atgenhedlu</a> mae angen <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%B5r_ffres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dŵr ffres (dim tudalen ar gael)">dŵr croyw</a> ar y rhan fwyaf o amffibiaid er bod rhai yn dodwy eu hwyau ar y tir ac wedi datblygu ffyrdd amrywiol o'u cadw'n llaith. Ychydig (ee <i>Fejervarya raja</i>) sy'n gallu byw mewn dŵr hallt, ond nid oes unrhyw amffibiaid <a href="/wiki/Cefnfor" title="Cefnfor">morol</a> go iawn.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fodd bynnag, ceir adroddiadau bod poblogaethau o rai amffibiaid sy'n mynd fewn i ddyfroedd morol am gryn amser ee yn y <a href="/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Du" title="Y Môr Du">Môr Du</a> ceir hybrid naturiol <i>Pelophylax esculentus</i> yn 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae cannoedd o rywogaethau llyffantod (ee, <i>Eleutherodactylus</i>, <i>Platymantis</i> y Môr Tawel, microhylidau Awstralo-Papuan, a llawer o lyffantod trofannol eraill), nad ydynt angen unrhyw fath o ddŵr i fridio yn y gwyllt. Maent yn atgynhyrchu trwy ddatblygiad uniongyrchol, addasiad ecolegol ac esblygiadol sydd wedi caniatáu iddynt fod yn gwbl annibynnol o ddŵr. Mae bron pob un o'r brogaod hyn yn byw mewn coedwigoedd glaw trofannol gwlyb ac mae eu hwyau'n deor yn uniongyrchol i fersiynau bach o'r oedolyn, gan fynd trwy gyfnod y <a href="/wiki/Penbwl" title="Penbwl">penbwl</a> o fewn yr wy. Mae llwyddiant atgenhedlu llawer o amffibiaid yn dibynnu nid yn unig ar faint o law, ond hefyd ar amseriad y tymhorau. </p><p>Yn y trofannau, mae llawer o amffibiaid yn bridio'n barhaus, ar unrhyw adeg o'r flwyddyn. Mewn rhanbarthau tymherus, mae bridio'n dymhorol yn bennaf, fel arfer yn y gwanwyn, ac yn cael ei ysgogi gan hyd y dydd, tymheredd yn codi neu lawiad. Mae arbrofion wedi dangos pwysigrwydd tymheredd, ond gall y digwyddiad sy'n sbarduno'r cyplau i gyplysu, mewn rhanbarthau cras, fod yn storm o fellt a thranau neu'n fonswn. Mewn anwraniaid, mae gwrywod fel arfer yn cyrraedd y safleoedd bridio cyn y benywod a gall y corws lleisiol y maent yn ei gynhyrchu ysgogi ofyliad mewn benywod a gweithgaredd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endocrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endocrin (dim tudalen ar gael)">endocrin</a> gwrywod.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cylch_bywyd">Cylch bywyd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Cylch bywyd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Cylch bywyd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r rhan fwyaf o amffibiaid yn mynd trwy <a href="/wiki/Metamorffosis" title="Metamorffosis">fetamorffosis</a>, proses o newid morffolegol sylweddol ar ôl genedigaeth. Casif wyau eu dodwy mewn dŵr ac mae larfau'n cael eu haddasu i ffordd o fyw dyfrol. Mae brogaod, llyffantod a salamandrau i gyd yn deor o'r wy fel <a href="/wiki/Larfa" title="Larfa">larfa</a> gyda thagellau allanol. Rheoleiddir y metamorffosis mewn amffibiaid gan grynodiad o thyrocsin yn y gwaed, sy'n ysgogi metamorffosis, a phrolactin, sy'n gwrthweithio effaith y thyrocsin.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oherwydd bod y rhan fwyaf o ddatblygiad embryonig y tu allan i gorff y rhieni, mae'n destun llawer o addasiadau oherwydd amgylchiadau amgylcheddol penodol. Am y rheswm hwn gall penbyliaid gael cribau corniog yn lle <a href="/wiki/Dant" title="Dant">Dannedd</a>, estyniadau croen tebyg i wisger neu esgyll. Maent hefyd yn gwneud defnydd o organ llinell ochrol synhwyraidd tebyg i un pysgod. Ar ôl metamorffosis, gadewir yr organau hyn yn segur a byddant yn cael eu hail-amsugno gan farwolaeth celloedd a hynny dan reolaeth, gelwir hyn yn apoptosis. Mae amrywiaeth eang o addasiadau i amgylchiadau amgylcheddol penodol ymhlith amffibiaid, gyda llawer o ddarganfyddiadau'n dal i gael eu gwneud.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grifft_(wyau)"><span id="Grifft_.28wyau.29"></span>Grifft (wyau)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Grifft (wyau)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Grifft (wyau)"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Frogspawn_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Frogspawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/220px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/330px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frogspawn_closeup.jpg/440px-Frogspawn_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption> Grifft, sef màs o wyau wedi'u hamgylchynu gan jeli</figcaption></figure> <p>Yn yr wy, mae'r embryo'n cael ei gynnal mewn hylif a'i amgylchynu gan gapsiwlau <a href="/wiki/Jeli" title="Jeli">jeli</a> lled-athraidd, gyda'r melynwy yn darparu maetholion. Wrth i'r larfa ddeor, mae'r capiwlau'n cael eu hydoddi gan ensymau sy'n cael eu secretu o'r chwarren ar flaenau'r trwyn. Mae wyau rhai salamanders a brogaod yn cynnwys algâu gwyrdd ungellog sy'n treiddio i'r amlen jeli ar ôl i'r wyau gael eu dodwy a gallant gynyddu'r cyflenwad ocsigen i'r embryo trwy ffotosynthesis. Ymddengys eu bod yn cyflymu datblygiad y larfa ac yn lleihau nifer y marwolaethau.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn y llyffant coed (<i>Rana sylvatica</i>), darganfuwyd bod tu mewn y clwstwr wyau crwn hyd at 6 °C (11 °F) yn gynhesach na'r hyn sydd o'i gwmpas, sy'n fantais yn ei gynefin gogleddol oer.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caiff yr wyau eu dodwy'n unigol, mewn clwstwr neu mewn llinynnau hir. Ymhlith y cynefinoedd dodwy mae dŵr, mwd, tyllau, malurion ac ar blanhigion neu o dan foncyffion neu gerrig.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r broga tŷ gwydr (<i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i>) yn dodwy wyau mewn grwpiau bach yn y pridd lle maent yn datblygu'n uniongyrchol mewn cyfnod o fythefnos yn frogaod ifanc heb gyfnod larfa.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r broga tungara (<i>Physalaemus pustulosus</i>) yn adeiladu nyth arnofiol o ewyn i amddiffyn ei wyau. Yn gyntaf mae rafft yn cael ei adeiladu, yna mae wyau'n cael eu dodwy yn y canol, ac yn olaf cuddir y cyfan gan gap o ewyn. Mae gan yr ewyn briodweddau gwrth-ficrobaid a gaiff ei greu trwy chwipio <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteinau</a> a lectinau sy'n cael eu secretu gan y fenyw.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penbyliaid_(larfa)"><span id="Penbyliaid_.28larfa.29"></span>Penbyliaid (larfa)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Penbyliaid (larfa)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Penbyliaid (larfa)"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Frog_spawn_time-lapse.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Frog spawn development" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Frog_spawn_time-lapse.gif/220px-Frog_spawn_time-lapse.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Frog_spawn_time-lapse.gif/330px-Frog_spawn_time-lapse.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Frog_spawn_time-lapse.gif/440px-Frog_spawn_time-lapse.gif 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption> Camau cynnar yn natblygiad embryonau'r <a href="/wiki/Broga" title="Broga">broga cyffredin</a> (<i>Rana temporaria</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae wyau amffibiaid fel arfer yn cael eu dodwy mewn dŵr lle maent yn deor yn larfa rhydd; cwbwlheir eu datblygiad mewn dŵr ac yn ddiweddarach cant eu trawsnewid yn oedolion dyfrol neu tirol. Mewn llawer o rywogaethau o lyffantod ac yn y rhan fwyaf o salamandrau heb ysgyfaint (Plethodontidae), mae datblygiad uniongyrchol yn digwydd, gyda'r larfa'n tyfu o fewn yr wyau ac yn ymddangos fel oedolion bach. Mae llawer o Gaesiliaid a rhai amffibiaid eraill yn dodwy eu hwyau ar y tir, ac mae'r larfa sydd newydd ddeor yn symud i byllau dŵr. Mae rhai caeciliaid, ee y salamander alpaidd (<i>Salamandra atra</i>) a rhai o'r llyffantod Affricanaidd (<i>Nectophrynoides spp.</i>) yn fywesgorol. Mae eu larfa n bwydo ar secretiadau chwarennau ac yn datblygu o fewn yr ofiduct benywaidd, yn aml am gyfnodau hir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r genws <i>llyffantod Nectophrynoides</i> yn arddangos yr holl batrymau datblygiadol hyn ymhlith ei ddwsin o aelodau.<sup id="cite_ref-species_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-species-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gelwir larfâu amffibiaid yn <a href="/wiki/Penbwl" title="Penbwl">benbyliaid</a>. Mae ganddyn nhw gyrff trwchus, crwn gyda chynffonau cyhyrog pwerus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Llyffantod">Llyffantod</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Llyffantod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Llyffantod"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn wahanol i amffibiaid eraill, nid yw penbyliaid y broga'n ymdebygu i oedolion.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae'r larfa rhydd fel arfer yn gwbl ddyfrol, ond mae penbyliaid rhai rhywogaethau (fel <i>Nannophrys ceylonensis</i>) yn lled-dirol ac yn byw ymhlith creigiau gwlyb.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae gan benbyliaid sgerbydau <a href="/wiki/Cartilag" title="Cartilag">cartilagaidd</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagell (dim tudalen ar gael)">tagellau</a> ar gyfer anadlu (tagellau allanol i ddechrau, tagellau mewnol yn ddiweddarach), systemau llinell ochrol a chynffonau mawr y maent yn eu defnyddio ar gyfer nofio. Cyn bo hir mae penbyliaid sydd newydd ddeor yn datblygu tegyll ar ffurf codenni. Mae'r ysgyfaint yn datblygu'n gynnar ac yn cael ei ddefnyddio fel organ anadlu, gyda'r penbyliaid yn codi i wyneb y dŵr ac yn cymeryd llond ysgyfaint o aer. Mae rhai rhywogaethau'n cwblhau eu datblygiad y tu mewn i'r wy ac yn deor yn uniongyrchol yn frogaod bach. Nid oes gan y larfâu hyn dagellau ond yn hytrach mae ganddynt ardaloedd arbenigol o'r croen y mae resbiradaeth yn digwydd drwyddynt. Er nad oes gan benbyliaid ddannedd go iawn, yn y rhan fwyaf o rywogaethau, mae gan y genau resi hir, cyfochrog o strwythurau bach ceratinaidd a elwir yn ceradontau wedi'u hamgylchynu gan big corniog.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceir coesau blaen a ffurfir o dan y tagell a daw'r coesau ôl yn weladwy ychydig ddyddiau'n ddiweddarach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darllen_pellach">Darllen pellach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Golygu'r adran: Darllen pellach" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Darllen pellach"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCarroll1988" class="citation book">Carroll, Robert L. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vertebratepaleon0000carr"><i>Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution</i></a>. W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7167-1822-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7167-1822-2"><bdi>978-0-7167-1822-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vertebrate+Paleontology+and+Evolution&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-1822-2&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvertebratepaleon0000carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2009" class="citation book">Carroll, Robert L. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseofamphibians0000carr"><i>The Rise of Amphibians: 365 Million Years of Evolution</i></a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-9140-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-9140-3"><bdi>978-0-8018-9140-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Amphibians%3A+365+Million+Years+of+Evolution&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-9140-3&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseofamphibians0000carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDuellmanLinda_Trueb1994" class="citation book">Duellman, William E.; Linda Trueb (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologyofamphibi0000duel"><i>Biology of Amphibians</i></a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-4780-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8018-4780-6"><bdi>978-0-8018-4780-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology+of+Amphibians&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-4780-6&rft.aulast=Duellman&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft.au=Linda+Trueb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiologyofamphibi0000duel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Frost, Darrel R.; Grant, Taran; Faivovich, Julián; Bain, Raoul H.; Haas, Alexander; Haddad, Célio F.B.; De Sá, Rafael O.; Channing, Alan et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213771051">"The Amphibian Tree of Life"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</i> <b>297</b>: 1–291. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1206%2F0003-0090%282006%29297%5B0001%3ATATOL%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213771051">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213771051</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Pounds, J. Alan; Bustamante, Martín R.; Coloma, Luis A.; Consuegra, Jamie A.; Fogden, Michael P. L.; Foster, Pru N.; La Marca, Enrique; Masters, Karen L. et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/13811723">"Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming"</a>. <i>Nature</i> <b>439</b> (7073): 161–167. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.439..161A">2006Natur.439..161A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04246">10.1038/nature04246</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407945">16407945</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/13811723">https://www.academia.edu/13811723</a></span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Stuart, Simon N.; Chanson, Janice S.; Cox, Neil A.; Young, Bruce E.; Rodrigues, Ana S. L.; Fischman, Debra L.; Waller, Robert W. (2004). "Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide". <i>Science</i> <b>306</b> (5702): 1783–1786. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Sci...306.1783S">2004Sci...306.1783S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1103538">10.1126/science.1103538</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486254">15486254</a>.</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStuart,_S._N.Hoffmann,_M.Chanson,_J._S.Cox,_N._A.2008" class="citation book">Stuart, S. N.; Hoffmann, M.; Chanson, J. S.; Cox, N. A., gol. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030220413/http://www.amphibians.org/publications/threatened-amphibians-of-the-world/"><i>Threatened Amphibians of the World</i></a>. Published by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynx_Edicions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynx Edicions (dim tudalen ar gael)">Lynx Edicions</a>, in association with <a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN-The_World_Conservation_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IUCN-The World Conservation Union (dim tudalen ar gael)">IUCN-The World Conservation Union</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservation International (dim tudalen ar gael)">Conservation International</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=NatureServe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NatureServe (dim tudalen ar gael)">NatureServe</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-84-96553-41-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-84-96553-41-5"><bdi>978-84-96553-41-5</bdi></a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amphibians.org/publications/threatened-amphibians-of-the-world/">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2014-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Threatened+Amphibians+of+the+World&rft.pub=Published+by+Lynx+Edicions%2C+in+association+with+IUCN-The+World+Conservation+Union%2C+Conservation+International+and+NatureServe.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-96553-41-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amphibians.org%2Fpublications%2Fthreatened-amphibians-of-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolenni_allanol">Dolenni allanol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Golygu'r adran: Dolenni allanol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Dolenni allanol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animalspot.net/category/amphibians">Amffibiaid</a> – AnimalSpot.net</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726202037/http://photos.archeozoo.org/index/category/54-amphibiens_langen_amphibians_lang_langes_anfibios_lang_?lang=en_UK">ArchéoZooThèque : darluniau sgerbydau amffibiaid</a> : ar gael mewn fformatau fector, delwedd a PDF</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amphibians.org/">Grŵp Arbenigol Amffibiaid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amphibianark.org/">Arch Amffibiaid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amphibiaweb.org/">AmffibiaWeb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalamphibians.org/">Asesiad Amffibiaid Byd-eang</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110412222247/http://www.globalamphibians.org/">Archifwyd</a> 2011-04-12 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a> Archived</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sounds.bl.uk/Browse.aspx?category=Environment&collection=Amphibians">Llais amffibiaid ar Recordiadau Sain Archifol</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526171512/http://sounds.bl.uk/Browse.aspx?category=Environment&collection=Amphibians">Archifwyd</a> 2010-05-26 yn y <a href="/wiki/Peiriant_Wayback" title="Peiriant Wayback">Peiriant Wayback</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amffibiad&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSkeat1897" class="citation book">Skeat, Walter W. (1897). <i>A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language</i>. Clarendon Press. t. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Etymological+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Skeat&rft.aufirst=Walter+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Baird, Donald (May 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_integrative-and-comparative-biology_1965-05_5_2/page/287">"Paleozoic lepospondyl amphibians"</a>. <i>Integrative and Comparative Biology</i> <b>5</b> (2): 287–294. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficb%2F5.2.287">10.1093/icb/5.2.287</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_integrative-and-comparative-biology_1965-05_5_2/page/287">https://archive.org/details/sim_integrative-and-comparative-biology_1965-05_5_2/page/287</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calif-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Calif_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Calif_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Calif_3-2">3.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112181312/https://amphibiaweb.org/amphibian/speciesnums.html">"Species by number"</a>. AmphibiaWeb. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiaweb.org/amphibian/speciesnums.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar January 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2021-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+by+number&rft.pub=AmphibiaWeb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famphibiaweb.org%2Famphibian%2Fspeciesnums.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFrost,_Darrel2013" class="citation web">Frost, Darrel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/68cEOzyqN?url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/">"American Museum of Natural History: Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference"</a>. The American Museum of Natural History. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/">gwreiddiol</a> ar June 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Museum+of+Natural+History%3A+Amphibian+Species+of+the+World+5.6%2C+an+Online+Reference&rft.pub=The+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Frost%2C+Darrel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.amnh.org%2Fvz%2Fherpetology%2Famphibia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191125092833/http://amphibiaweb.org:8000/lists/index.shtml">"Amphibiaweb"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amphibiaweb.org:8000/lists/index.shtml">gwreiddiol</a> ar November 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amphibiaweb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famphibiaweb.org%3A8000%2Flists%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-species-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-species_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-species_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Crump, Martha L. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/13/9780199541188_chapter1.pdf">"Amphibian diversity and life history"</a>. <i>Amphibian Ecology and Conservation. A Handbook of Techniques</i>: 3–20<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/13/9780199541188_chapter1.pdf">http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/13/9780199541188_chapter1.pdf</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLaurin,_Michel2011" class="citation web">Laurin, Michel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110301091857/http://tolweb.org/Terrestrial_Vertebrates/14952">"Terrestrial Vertebrates"</a>. <i>Tree of Life Web Project</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Terrestrial_Vertebrates/14952">gwreiddiol</a> ar March 1, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tree+of+Life+Web+Project&rft.atitle=Terrestrial+Vertebrates&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Laurin%2C+Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftolweb.org%2FTerrestrial_Vertebrates%2F14952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLaurin,_MichelGauthier,_Jacques_A.2012" class="citation web">Laurin, Michel; Gauthier, Jacques A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601223227/http://tolweb.org/Amniota/14990">"Amniota"</a>. <i>Tree of Life Web Project</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Amniota/14990">gwreiddiol</a> ar June 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tree+of+Life+Web+Project&rft.atitle=Amniota&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Laurin%2C+Michel&rft.au=Gauthier%2C+Jacques+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftolweb.org%2FAmniota%2F14990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-1">9.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-2">9.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-3">9.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-4">9.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-5">9.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-6">9.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-7">9.7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991_9-8">9.8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoritWalkerBarnes1991">Dorit, Walker & Barnes 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSumichMorrissey,_John_F.2004" class="citation book">Sumich, James L.; Morrissey, John F. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8vTCze3dHgC&q=Amphibians"><i>Introduction to the Biology of Marine Life</i></a>. Jones & Bartlett Learning. t. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7637-3313-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7637-3313-1"><bdi>978-0-7637-3313-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Biology+of+Marine+Life&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Learning&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-3313-1&rft.aulast=Sumich&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft.au=Morrissey%2C+John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY8vTCze3dHgC%26q%3DAmphibians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brad Shaffer; Oscar Flores-Villela; Gabriela Parra-Olea; David Wake (2004). "Ambystoma andersoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWells2010" class="citation book">Wells, Kentwood D. (February 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eDKEKy5JJbIC&q=%22This+is+related+to+two+evolutionary+trends+in+amphibians%22&pg=PA12"><i>The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9780226893334" title="Arbennig:BookSources/9780226893334"><bdi>9780226893334</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+and+Behavior+of+Amphibians&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2010-02-15&rft.isbn=9780226893334&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Kentwood+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeDKEKy5JJbIC%26q%3D%2522This%2Bis%2Brelated%2Bto%2Btwo%2Bevolutionary%2Btrends%2Bin%2Bamphibians%2522%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Levy, Daniel L.; Heald, Rebecca (January 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4691792">"Biological Scaling Problems and Solutions in Amphibians"</a>. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i> <b>8</b> (1): a019166. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1101%2Fcshperspect.a019166">10.1101/cshperspect.a019166</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691792/?tool=pmcentrez">4691792</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261280">26261280</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4691792">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4691792</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchoch2014" class="citation book">Schoch, Rainer R. (March 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0ps6AwAAQBAJ&q=%22Thus%2C+for+the+duration+of+remodeling+to+be+minimized%2C+body+size+must+be+reduced%22&pg=PT351"><i>Amphibian Evolution: The Life of Early Land Vertebrates</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9781118759134" title="Arbennig:BookSources/9781118759134"><bdi>9781118759134</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amphibian+Evolution%3A+The+Life+of+Early+Land+Vertebrates&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft.isbn=9781118759134&rft.aulast=Schoch&rft.aufirst=Rainer+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0ps6AwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Thus%252C%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Bduration%2Bof%2Bremodeling%2Bto%2Bbe%2Bminimized%252C%2Bbody%2Bsize%2Bmust%2Bbe%2Breduced%2522%26pg%3DPT351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Michel Laurin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1177175">"The evolution of body size, Cope's rule and the origin of amniotes"</a>. <i>Systematic Biology</i> <b>53</b> (4): 594–622. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F10635150490445706">10.1080/10635150490445706</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15371249">15371249</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/1177175">https://www.academia.edu/1177175</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd July 21, 2020</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-1">16.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-2">16.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-3">16.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-4">16.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-5">16.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-6">16.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen1995_16-7">16.7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStebbinsCohen1995">Stebbins & Cohen 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCannatella,_DavidGraybeal,_Anna2008" class="citation web">Cannatella, David; Graybeal, Anna (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614080646/http://www.tolweb.org/Bufonidae">"Bufonidae, True Toads"</a>. <i>Tree of Life Web Project</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolweb.org/Bufonidae">gwreiddiol</a> ar June 14, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tree+of+Life+Web+Project&rft.atitle=Bufonidae%2C+True+Toads&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Cannatella%2C+David&rft.au=Graybeal%2C+Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tolweb.org%2FBufonidae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130224074620/http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/frogs-a-chorus-of-colors/frog-fun-facts">"Frog fun facts"</a>. American Museum of Natural History. January 12, 2010. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/frogs-a-chorus-of-colors/frog-fun-facts">gwreiddiol</a> ar February 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frog+fun+facts&rft.pub=American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=2010-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnh.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fpast-exhibitions%2Ffrogs-a-chorus-of-colors%2Ffrog-fun-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChallenger,_David2012" class="citation news">Challenger, David (January 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120420193348/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-01-12/asia/world_asia_new-frogs_1_frog-papua-new-guinea-body-size?_s=PM:ASIA">"World's smallest frog discovered in Papua New Guinea"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2012-01-12/asia/world_asia_new-frogs_1_frog-papua-new-guinea-body-size?_s=PM:ASIA">gwreiddiol</a> ar April 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=World%27s+smallest+frog+discovered+in+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.date=2012-01-12&rft.au=Challenger%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.cnn.com%2F2012-01-12%2Fasia%2Fworld_asia_new-frogs_1_frog-papua-new-guinea-body-size%3F_s%3DPM%3AASIA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_20-0">20.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_20-1">20.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_20-2">20.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_20-3">20.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_20-4">20.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFArnoldOvenden2002" class="citation book">Arnold, Nicholas; Ovenden, Denys (2002). <i>Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe</i>. Harper Collins Publishers. tt. 13–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-00-219318-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-00-219318-4"><bdi>978-0-00-219318-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reptiles+and+Amphibians+of+Britain+and+Europe&rft.pages=13-18&rft.pub=Harper+Collins+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-00-219318-4&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Ovenden%2C+Denys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaum,_David2008" class="citation web">Baum, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308191855/http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/trait-evolution-on-a-phylogenetic-tree-relatedness-41936">"Trait Evolution on a Phylogenetic Tree: Relatedness, Similarity, and the Myth of Evolutionary Advancement"</a>. Nature Education. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/trait-evolution-on-a-phylogenetic-tree-relatedness-41936">gwreiddiol</a> ar March 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trait+Evolution+on+a+Phylogenetic+Tree%3A+Relatedness%2C+Similarity%2C+and+the+Myth+of+Evolutionary+Advancement&rft.pub=Nature+Education&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Baum%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fscitable%2Ftopicpage%2Ftrait-evolution-on-a-phylogenetic-tree-relatedness-41936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSparreboom,_Max2000" class="citation web">Sparreboom, Max (February 7, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121226102607/http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Andrias&where-species=davidianus">"<i>Andrias davidianus</i> Chinese giant salamander"</a>. AmphibiaWeb. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Andrias&where-species=davidianus">gwreiddiol</a> ar December 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrias+davidianus+Chinese+giant+salamander&rft.pub=AmphibiaWeb&rft.date=2000-02-07&rft.au=Sparreboom%2C+Max&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famphibiaweb.org%2Fcgi%2Famphib_query%3Fwhere-genus%3DAndrias%26where-species%3Ddavidianus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWake,_David_B.2000" class="citation web">Wake, David B. (November 8, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515190809/http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Thorius&where-species=pennatulus">"<i>Thorius pennatulus</i>"</a>. AmphibiaWeb. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Thorius&where-species=pennatulus">gwreiddiol</a> ar May 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thorius+pennatulus&rft.pub=AmphibiaWeb&rft.date=2000-11-08&rft.au=Wake%2C+David+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famphibiaweb.org%2Fcgi%2Famphib_query%3Fwhere-genus%3DThorius%26where-species%3Dpennatulus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elmer2013-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Elmer2013_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Elmer, K. R.; Bonett, R. M.; Wake, D. B.; Lougheed, S. C. (2013-03-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3602097">"Early Miocene origin and cryptic diversification of South American salamanders"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i> <b>13</b> (1): 59. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-13-59">10.1186/1471-2148-13-59</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602097/?tool=pmcentrez">3602097</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23497060">23497060</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3602097">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3602097</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larson-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-larson_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Larson, A.; Dimmick, W. (1993). "Phylogenetic relationships of the salamander families: an analysis of the congruence among morphological and molecular characters". <i>Herpetological Monographs</i> <b>7</b> (7): 77–93. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1466953">10.2307/1466953</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1466953">1466953</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Zylberberg, Louise; Wake, Marvalee H. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227806326">"Structure of the scales of <i>Dermophis</i> and <i>Microcaecilia</i> (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), and a comparison to dermal ossifications of other vertebrates"</a>. <i>Journal of Morphology</i> <b>206</b> (1): 25–43. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fjmor.1052060104">10.1002/jmor.1052060104</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29865751">29865751</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227806326">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227806326</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd November 10, 2016</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSpearman1973" class="citation book">Spearman, R. I. C. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/integumenttextbo00spea"><i>The Integument: A Textbook of Skin Biology</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/integumenttextbo00spea/page/81">81</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-20048-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-20048-6"><bdi>978-0-521-20048-6</bdi></a>. <q>Amphibian skin colour.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Integument%3A+A+Textbook+of+Skin+Biology&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20048-6&rft.aulast=Spearman&rft.aufirst=R.+I.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintegumenttextbo00spea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991846-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoritWalkerBarnes1991846_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoritWalkerBarnes1991">Dorit, Walker & Barnes 1991</a>, t. 846.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen199526–36-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStebbinsCohen199526–36_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStebbinsCohen1995">Stebbins & Cohen 1995</a>, tt. 26–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Brainerd, E. L. (1999). "New perspectives on the evolution of lung ventilation mechanisms in vertebrates". <i>Experimental Biology Online</i> <b>4</b> (2): 1–28. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00898-999-0002-1">10.1007/s00898-999-0002-1</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Hopkins Gareth R.; Brodie Edmund D. Jr (2015). "Occurrence of Amphibians in Saline Habitats: A Review and Evolutionary Perspective". <i>Herpetological Monographs</i> <b>29</b> (1): 1–27. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1655%2FHERPMONOGRAPHS-D-14-00006">10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-14-00006</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Natchev, Nikolay; Tzankov, Nikolay; Geme, Richard (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.herpetologynotes.seh-herpetology.org/Volume4_PDFs/Natchev_et_al_Herpetology_Notes_Volume4_pages347-351.pdf">"Green frog invasion in the Black Sea: habitat ecology of the <i>Pelophylax esculentus</i> complex (Anura, Amphibia) population in the region of Shablenska Tuzla lagoon in Bulgaria"</a>. <i>Herpetology Notes</i> <b>4</b>: 347–351<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.herpetologynotes.seh-herpetology.org/Volume4_PDFs/Natchev_et_al_Herpetology_Notes_Volume4_pages347-351.pdf">http://www.herpetologynotes.seh-herpetology.org/Volume4_PDFs/Natchev_et_al_Herpetology_Notes_Volume4_pages347-351.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd August 17, 2012</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKikuyamaKawamuraTanakaYamamoto1993" class="citation book">Kikuyama, Sakae; Kawamura, Kousuke; Tanaka, Shigeyasu; Yamamoto, Kakutoshi (1993). "Aspects of amphibian metamorphosis: Hormonal control". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationalrev0145unse"><i>International Review of Cytology: A Survey of Cell Biology</i></a>. Academic Press. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationalrev0145unse/page/105">105</a>–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-12-364548-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-12-364548-7"><bdi>978-0-12-364548-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+amphibian+metamorphosis%3A+Hormonal+control&rft.btitle=International+Review+of+Cytology%3A+A+Survey+of+Cell+Biology&rft.pages=105-126&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-12-364548-7&rft.aulast=Kikuyama&rft.aufirst=Sakae&rft.au=Kawamura%2C+Kousuke&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+Shigeyasu&rft.au=Yamamoto%2C+Kakutoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finternationalrev0145unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Newman, Robert A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_bioscience_1992-10_42_9/page/671">"Adaptive plasticity in amphibian metamorphosis"</a>. <i>BioScience</i> <b>42</b> (9): 671–678. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1312173">10.2307/1312173</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1312173">1312173</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_bioscience_1992-10_42_9/page/671">https://archive.org/details/sim_bioscience_1992-10_42_9/page/671</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Gilbert, Perry W. (1942). "Observations on the eggs of <i>Ambystoma maculatum</i> with especial reference to the green algae found within the egg envelopes". <i>Ecology</i> <b>23</b> (2): 215–227. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1931088">10.2307/1931088</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1931088">1931088</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Waldman, Bruce; Ryan, Michael J. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/14057397">"Thermal advantages of communal egg mass deposition in wood frogs (<i>Rana sylvatica</i>)"</a>. <i>Journal of Herpetology</i> <b>17</b> (1): 70–72. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1563783">10.2307/1563783</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1563783">1563783</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/14057397">https://www.academia.edu/14057397</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd November 10, 2016</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlderTrueb2002" class="citation book">Alder, Kraig; Trueb (2002). "Amphibians". In Halliday, Tim; Adler, Kraig (gol.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse_u9t8"><i>The Firefly Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians</i></a>. Firefly Books. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse_u9t8/page/17">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-55297-613-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-55297-613-5"><bdi>978-1-55297-613-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amphibians&rft.btitle=The+Firefly+Encyclopedia+of+Reptiles+and+Amphibians&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Firefly+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-55297-613-5&rft.aulast=Alder&rft.aufirst=Kraig&rft.au=Trueb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffireflyencyclope0000unse_u9t8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeshaka,_Walter_E._Jr" class="citation web">Meshaka, Walter E. Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609133832/http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_search_index&where-genus=Eleutherodactylus&where-species=planirostris">"<i>Eleutherodactylus planirostris</i>"</a>. AmphibiaWeb. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_search_index&where-genus=Eleutherodactylus&where-species=planirostris">gwreiddiol</a> ar June 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eleutherodactylus+planirostris&rft.pub=AmphibiaWeb&rft.au=Meshaka%2C+Walter+E.+Jr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famphibiaweb.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Famphib_query%3Fquery_src%3Daw_search_index%26where-genus%3DEleutherodactylus%26where-species%3Dplanirostris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Dalgetty, Laura; Kennedy, Malcolm W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2880057">"Building a home from foam: túngara frog foam nest architecture and three-phase construction process"</a>. <i>Biology Letters</i> <b>6</b> (3): 293–296. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2009.0934">10.1098/rsbl.2009.0934</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880057/?tool=pmcentrez">2880057</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106853">20106853</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2880057">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2880057</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6BUNbqEwN?url=http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/lifesciences/staff/malcolmkennedy/malcolmkennedy/proteinsoffrogfoamnests/">"Proteins of frog foam nests"</a>. School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/lifesciences/staff/malcolmkennedy/malcolmkennedy/proteinsoffrogfoamnests/">gwreiddiol</a> ar October 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proteins+of+frog+foam+nests&rft.pub=School+of+Life+Sciences%2C+University+of+Glasgow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gla.ac.uk%2Fschools%2Flifesciences%2Fstaff%2Fmalcolmkennedy%2Fmalcolmkennedy%2Fproteinsoffrogfoamnests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVitt,_Laurie_J.Caldwell,_Janalee_P.2013" class="citation book">Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2013). <i>Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles</i>. Academic Press. t. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0123869197" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0123869197"><bdi>978-0123869197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herpetology%3A+An+Introductory+Biology+of+Amphibians+and+Reptiles&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0123869197&rft.au=Vitt%2C+Laurie+J.&rft.au=Caldwell%2C+Janalee+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJanzen,_Peter2005" class="citation web">Janzen, Peter (May 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6BUNXqlN1?url=http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_lists_genera_">"<i>Nannophrys ceylonensis</i>"</a>. AmphibiaWeb. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_lists_genera_&table=amphib&where-genus=Nannophrys&where-species=ceylonensis">gwreiddiol</a> ar October 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nannophrys+ceylonensis&rft.pub=AmphibiaWeb&rft.date=2005-05-10&rft.au=Janzen%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famphibiaweb.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Famphib_query%3Fquery_src%3Daw_lists_genera_%26table%3Damphib%26where-genus%3DNannophrys%26where-species%3Dceylonensis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAmffibiad" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear: both; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px; padding-left: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; margin-top: 1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/24px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <i>Mae'r erthygl hon yn cynnwys testun a sgwennwyd ac a briodolir i <a href="/wiki/Twm_Elias" title="Twm Elias">Twm Elias</a> ac a uwchlwythwyd ar Wicipedia gan <a href="/wiki/Defnyddiwr:Twm_Elias" title="Defnyddiwr:Twm Elias">Defnyddiwr:Twm Elias</a>. 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