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<li id="toc-Original_station_(1927-1981)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_station_(1927-1981)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Original station (1927-1981)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_station_(1927-1981)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Launch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulatory_difficulties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulatory_difficulties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Regulatory difficulties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulatory_difficulties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frequency_change_and_more_trouble" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frequency_change_and_more_trouble"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Frequency change and more trouble</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frequency_change_and_more_trouble-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transfer_to_The_Forward" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transfer_to_The_Forward"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Transfer to <i>The Forward</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transfer_to_The_Forward-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WEVD-FM_(1951-1989)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WEVD-FM_(1951-1989)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>WEVD-FM (1951-1989)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WEVD-FM_(1951-1989)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AM_1050_(1989-2003)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AM_1050_(1989-2003)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>AM 1050 (1989-2003)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AM_1050_(1989-2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Three New York City radio stations that held the WEVD call sign from 1927 until 2003)</div> <p><b>WEVD</b> was the call sign held by three New York City commercial radio stations, with related ownership, from 1927 until 2003. This call sign was formed from the initials of recently deceased <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene Victor Debs</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_station_(1927-1981)"><span id="Original_station_.281927-1981.29"></span>Original station (1927-1981)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Original station (1927-1981)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WWRV" title="WWRV">WWRV</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debs_Canton_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Debs_Canton_1918.jpg/220px-Debs_Canton_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Debs_Canton_1918.jpg/330px-Debs_Canton_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Debs_Canton_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>The call letters WEVD were selected in honor of the initials of Socialist Party orator and publicist Eugene Victor Debs.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the first half of the 1920s, radio broadcasting developed as a new form of influential <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit124_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit124-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a> saw radio as a potential means of reaching an increasingly apathetic public to aid it financially. At its December 1926 quarterly meeting, the governing National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party decided to erect a radio broadcasting station as a memorial to its recently deceased co-founder, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>, who had died in October of the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit127_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit127-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1927, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a> launched a fundraising drive aimed at generating $250,000 for the purchase of a station.<sup id="cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DriveOpens-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party leader and head of the <a href="/wiki/League_for_Industrial_Democracy" title="League for Industrial Democracy">League for Industrial Democracy</a> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a> was chosen as chairman of the board of trustees for the new enterprise and venerated party founder <a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Morris Hillquit</a> was appointed as treasurer.<sup id="cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DriveOpens-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of 21 others from the liberal, labor and socialist community were appointed as a board of trustees including such publicly recognized figures as pacifist minister - <a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_Holmes" title="John Haynes Holmes">John Haynes Holmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Sleeping_Car_Porters" title="Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters">Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters</a> founder <a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Clothing_Workers_of_America" title="Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America">Amalgamated Clothing Workers</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hillman" title="Sidney Hillman">Sidney Hillman</a>, novelist <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> head <a href="/wiki/Roger_Nash_Baldwin" title="Roger Nash Baldwin">Roger Baldwin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DriveOpens-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> G. August Gerber, son of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_New_York" title="Socialist Party of New York">New York Socialist Party</a> functionary <a href="/wiki/Julius_Gerber" title="Julius Gerber">Julius Gerber</a>, was named as secretary of the board and director of the fundraising drive.<sup id="cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DriveOpens-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the fundraising drive's launch, Norman Thomas remarked: </p> <blockquote><p>The usefulness of a well established radio station open to full and frank discussion of great economic and social issues is beyond doubt. Past experience combines with common sense in assuring us that the commercial broadcasting stations cannot be expected to give much time or attention to the great vision for which Gene Debs gave his life. I am glad to observe that you have invited and obtained the acceptance of men and women as trustees who are not members of the Socialist Party. Such ... [shall] guarantee that the Debs Memorial Radio Fund will be free from a narrow and intolerant partisanship.<sup id="cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DriveOpens-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Thomas and Hillquit envisioned the radio station as a memorial to the late Debs. In a joint statement, they called for a "monument" which was to be "a living instrument of social service... to be operated in the interests of all progressive movements and ideas and in aid of all struggles for social justice in the tolerant and broad-minded spirit of Gene Debs."<sup id="cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DriveOpens-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Thomas_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Norman_Thomas_1937.jpg/220px-Norman_Thomas_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Norman_Thomas_1937.jpg/330px-Norman_Thomas_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Norman_Thomas_1937.jpg/440px-Norman_Thomas_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="1293" /></a><figcaption>Norman Thomas, who ran 6 times for President heading the Socialist ticket, was Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Debs Memorial Radio Fund.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Radio Fund's trustees estimated cost of launching a station at $100,000 and hoped to invest the additional balance of $150,000 to generate sufficient interest income to allow for perpetual operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit128_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit128-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Debs Memorial Radio Fund launched its fundraising campaign with a mailing of 15,000 letters soliciting funds for the establishment of a Socialist Party-owned radio station.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit128_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit128-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this first round brought in just over $2,650 — only slightly more than 1% of the goal.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit128_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit128-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this grand vision of substantial funding proved overly optimistic, the necessary funds for a station acquisition was raised from party members and sympathetic labor unions during the first half of 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit128_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit128-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Launch">Launch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around the first of August 1927 the "Debs Memorial Radio Fund" trustees announced the purchase of WSOM, owned by Union Course Laboratories, which transmitted from <a href="/wiki/Woodhaven,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodhaven, New York">Woodhaven</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> borough of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WSOM had been on the air since 1926;<sup id="cite_ref-hc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the station had moved into New York City just six months prior.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An immediate application was made to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Commission" title="Federal Radio Commission">Federal Radio Commission</a> (FRC) for a change of call letters to WDEBS, as well as for an increase of transmission power from 500 to 1,000 watts, to enable the station to broadcast with less effect from the skyscrapers of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The broadcast studio was to be located somewhere in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, it was reported.<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Socialist Party and its partners received assurances from the FRC that a broadcasting license would be promptly granted.<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joining the Socialist Party with the Debs radio project were a number of national and international trade unions, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers_of_America" title="United Mine Workers of America">United Mine Workers of America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Ladies%27_Garment_Workers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union">International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Clothing_Workers_of_America" title="Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America">Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Locomotive_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers">Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Sleeping_Car_Porters" title="Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters">Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Hebrew_Trades" title="United Hebrew Trades">United Hebrew Trades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also joining the fundraising effort were the left wing <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_benefit_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal benefit society">fraternal benefit society</a> the <a href="/wiki/Workmen%27s_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Workmen's Circle">Workmen's Circle</a> and the financially successful <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> language <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democratic</a> daily, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Daily Forward">The Jewish Daily Forward</a>,</i> headed by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Cahan" title="Abraham Cahan">Abraham Cahan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the purchase price of the station was not revealed, August Gerber indicated that the bulk of the $250,000 operating fund — which had still not been fully met — was to be used to cover ongoing operating expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerber expressed a belief that the station would become self-supporting in fairly short order and indicated a desire to make the new New York station the flagship of a network of "labor radio stations" throughout the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerber declared: "The purchase of a labor station ... will guarantee to minority opinion in America its right to be heard without censorship. With radio now privately owned and controlled, a station like WDEBS is the only cry in the wilderness... We promise that, as soon as we can proceed with full operation, Station WDEBS will be not merely a chronicler of events, nor a vehicle of music and entertainment, though we hope not to fail even in these matters, but a militant, fighting champion of the rights of the oppressed, of all those who toil by hand or brain to produce the wealth of this world."<sup id="cite_ref-FundBuys_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The desire for the assignment of WDEBS as the station's call letters was vetoed by FRC, which ruled that only aircraft could have five-letter call signs, while ground radio stations were limited to four letters or fewer.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit128_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit128-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eugene V. Debs' initials were thus substituted, and WEVD was born.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit128_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit128-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Debs Memorial Radio Fund began operating WEVD on August 18, 1927. In addition to English-language broadcasts, one of the organizations providing funding, the widely circulated and financially successful <i>Jewish Daily Forward</i> newspaper, launched what would become what one radio historian called "the most famous Yiddish radio program of all time" — <i>The Forward Hour.</i><sup id="cite_ref-YRP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YRP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This show was first broadcast every Sunday morning at 11 o'clock, and gained a significant following among the Yiddish-speaking immigrant community of New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-YRP_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YRP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finances were tight throughout the entire period of the Socialist Party's operation of the station.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit129_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit129-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operating costs were minimized through the generosity of the ILGWU, which allowed the station free use of the entire 6th floor of its headquarters building in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit129_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit129-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A network of studios and reception rooms were created in the space, providing a fully adequate base of operations for the station.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit129_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit129-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Operating funds came from small-scale listener contributions, regular donations from the American Civil Liberties Union and other organizations interested in the station's mission, and the left wing philanthropic trust, the <a href="/wiki/American_Fund_for_Public_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="American Fund for Public Service">American Fund for Public Service</a>, commonly known as the Garland Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit129_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit129-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Station manager Gerber dedicated much of his time to keeping the station's meager revenue stream flowing, although by January 1928 Norman Thomas was opining that the Socialist Party and its radio station "can't go on living like this."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regulatory_difficulties">Regulatory difficulties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regulatory difficulties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On top of the Socialist Party's financial troubles came regulatory problems with the FRC. Stations were initially issued a series of temporary authorizations starting on May 3, 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, they were informed that if they wanted to continue operating, they needed to file a formal license application by January 15, 1928, as the first step in determining whether they met the new "public interest, convenience, or necessity" standard.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 25, 1928, the FRC issued <a href="/wiki/General_Order_32" title="General Order 32">General Order 32</a>, which notified 164 stations, including WEVD, that "From an examination of your application for future license it does not find that public interest, convenience, or necessity would be served by granting it."<sup id="cite_ref-notice_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notice-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics saw this as part of a plan to rationalize the distribution of radio assignments by forcing out small stations catering to niche audiences in favor of fewer high powered stations broadcasting commercially to a mass market.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit129_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit129-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Representatives of WEVD and 109 other threatened stations made their way to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> in July 1928 for two weeks of regulatory hearings on the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit130_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit130-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Station manager Gerber responded with a statement emphasizing the importance of defending <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">free speech</a> and the right of political minorities to submit their ideas to a broad public.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit130_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit130-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party leader Norman Thomas echoed this perspective, declaring the value of WEVD and other community stations as a bulwark against a "big chain system" which tended to "standardize — to make robots and <a href="/wiki/Babbitt_(novel)" title="Babbitt (novel)">Babbitts</a> of the American people."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The efforts of Gerber and Thomas ultimately proved successful, with the FRC approving the WEVD renewal application one month later.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit131_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit131-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the FRC's judgment WEVD had followed a "very satisfactory policy" of representing a range of political and economic perspectives befitting "the mouthpiece of a substantial political or religious minority."<sup id="cite_ref-Legit131_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit131-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An editor at the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> concurred with the radio regulators' assessment, noting that revoking WEVD's license on the basis of its political views "would be both unjust and stupid."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WEVD won praise for its news reporting and commentary, taking an array of issues relating to world affairs, American foreign policy, and activities of the American labor movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit132_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit132-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an era in which few stations did likewise, WEVD produced programming dealing with <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> history and culture, including the broadcast of a weekly <i>Pullman Porters Hour</i> sponsored by the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which included both entertainment and talks on serious topics of interest to the black community of New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit132_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit132-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WEVD's Educational Director, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Blanshard" title="Paul Blanshard">Paul Blanshard</a>, expanded the station's educational content following its August 1928 license renewal, including weekly courses on <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/A._J._Muste" title="A. J. Muste">A.J. Muste</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brookwood_Labor_College" title="Brookwood Labor College">Brookwood Labor College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit132_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit132-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sunday afternoons the station broadcast a regular speakers' forum which included such prominent liberal voices as journalist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippman" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Lippman">Walter Lippman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Wise" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen S. Wise">Stephen S. Wise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Garrison_Villard" title="Oswald Garrison Villard">Oswald Garrison Villard</a>, publisher of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit132_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit132-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frequency_change_and_more_trouble">Frequency change and more trouble</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Frequency change and more trouble"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillquit-Morris-240725.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hillquit-Morris-240725.jpg/220px-Hillquit-Morris-240725.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hillquit-Morris-240725.jpg/330px-Hillquit-Morris-240725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hillquit-Morris-240725.jpg/440px-Hillquit-Morris-240725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Socialist Party leader Morris Hillquit, an attorney, was instrumental in the 1928 and 1931 regulatory defenses of WEVD.</figcaption></figure> <p>Late in 1928, by <a href="/wiki/General_Order_40" title="General Order 40">General Order 40</a>, WEVD was moved to a new frequency by the Federal Radio Commission, 1300 kilocycles, and was able to boost its power somewhat.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit135_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the move had been sought by the Debs Memorial Radio Fund, which remained the legal entity owning the station, the change ultimately solved little — WEVD remained underpowered and forced to share its frequency with three other stations.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit135_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station broadcast 50 hours per week, ranging from as little as two hours on Fridays to 18 hours on Wednesdays.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit135_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WEVD'a limited power and hours of operation created a difficult financial position, as unions and other left-wing institutions were difficult to motivate to make donations due to the station's limited broadcast time and poor signal coverage, but without these donations it would be impossible to improve the visability that would encourage donations.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit135_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make up the financial shortfall the station became aggressive in pushing for contributions from its listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit135_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FRC continued to seek a reduction in the number of stations to more closely match the limited number of broadcast frequencies and saw weak and underfinanced stations such as WEVD as candidates for elimination. A number of complaints about the station began to be accumulated.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit135_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1930 a new set of hearings began with respect to the license renewal of the socialist radio station.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit135_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A range of violations of the Radio Act of 1927 were cited, including repeated failure to announce station call letters on the air every 15 minutes and inability to stay on its assigned wavelength.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit135_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recommendation was made by the FRC examiner assigned to the case to deny the station's license renewal application.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit136_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit136-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once again Norman Thomas, August Gerber, and Morris Hillquit jumped to action, painting the station's woes as part of a political vendetta aimed at homogenization of the radio airwaves at the expense of political minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit136_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit136-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American Civil Liberties Union promised its aid in making the WEVD renewal controversy a national free speech campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit136_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit136-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final report of the FRC examiner was filed on December 11, 1930 and the station was notified of the decision a week later.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit136_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit136-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within two weeks the station had submitted a 17-page challenge of the FRC examiner's ruling, which combined with public pressure from listeners compelled the FRC to temporarily reverse its decision on January 13, 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit136_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit136-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additional regulatory hearings about WEVD were held in March and May 1931, with regulators charging that the Debs Memorial Radio Fund lacked sufficient financial resources to meet minimum standards established by the FRC.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uniqueness of WEVD's broadcast content was also denied.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit137_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regulators thus sought to award the WEVD frequency to station <a href="/wiki/WNSW" title="WNSW">WFOX</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, arguing that station's "superior fitness to serve the public convenience, necessity and welfare."<sup id="cite_ref-Legit137_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the FRC's hostile action, efforts were made to address the situation at WEVD through a fundamental reorganization of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit137_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Problems to be addressed included inadequate equipment, poor broadcast location, insufficient funding, and a haphazard planning of station content.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit137_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party leader Morris Hillquit was particularly instrumental in the reorganization, coming up with the idea of selling $50,000 in WEVD stock in order to pay off standing obligations and invest in new capacity and content.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit138_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit138-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The need to raise funds to improve and expand operations during the second half of 1931 was answered by Abe Cahan, editor and publisher of the social democratic <i>Jewish Daily Forward,</i> the largest Yiddish-language newspaper in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit138_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit138-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cahan was firmly committed to the importance of the project and he made the newspapers funds freely available, depositing $70,000 on account in the fall of 1931 for the expansion of the station assuming the renewal of its broadcast license.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit139_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit139-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with previous and subsequent cash infusions, the <i>Forward</i> had invested $200,000 in WEVD by the end of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit139_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit139-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a split decision the FRC renewed the license for WEVD at the end of October 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit139_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit139-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preparations immediately began for the transfer of the station's operations from the 6th floor of the ILGWU building in Manhattan to a new home located on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island, New York">Long Island</a>, and the station's management was shuffled.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit139_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit139-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grand opening of the new studio took place on September 28, 1932, and was marked by an array of liberal and socialist worthies who spoke at the occasion, including Hillquit, Cahan, educator <a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a>, magazine publisher <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Garrison_Villard" title="Oswald Garrison Villard">Oswald Garrison Villard</a>, and writer <a href="/wiki/Heywood_Broun" title="Heywood Broun">Heywood Broun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transfer_to_The_Forward">Transfer to <i>The Forward</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transfer to The Forward"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Cahan_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Abraham_Cahan_NYWTS.jpg/280px-Abraham_Cahan_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Abraham_Cahan_NYWTS.jpg/420px-Abraham_Cahan_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Abraham_Cahan_NYWTS.jpg/560px-Abraham_Cahan_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2621" data-file-height="2109" /></a><figcaption>Abraham Cahan (1860–1951) of the <i>Jewish Daily Forward</i> in his later years.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1938, WEVD bought one of its time-sharing partners on AM 1300, WHAP/WFAB; an FCC examiner recommended the Debs Memorial Fund be allowed to buy the WFAB assets for $85,000 from the Fifth Avenue Broadcasting Corporation, expanding its weekly broadcast hours from 50 to 86.<sup id="cite_ref-acquire_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acquire-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, two other stations shared the broadcast frequency with WEVD: <a href="/wiki/WHAZ_(AM)" title="WHAZ (AM)">WHAZ</a>, the radio station of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy, New York</a>, which was on-air only on Monday evenings, and <a href="/wiki/WPOW_(New_York_City)" title="WPOW (New York City)">WBBR</a>, also of <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York, New York</a>, owned by the <a href="/wiki/Watchtower_Bible_and_Tract_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Watchtower Bible and Tract Society">Watchtower Bible and Tract Society</a>, publishing arm of the religious group <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>. From the time of the 1932 broadcasting agreement through the 1970s the Socialist and Yiddish-language WEVD continued to share its station frequency with the religious group, transmitting 86 hours per week while leaving Sundays and early mornings until 8 o’clock to WBBR (sold and changed to WPOW in 1957), and Monday nights to WHAZ. WHAZ was sold to the owners of WPOW in 1967 and turned into a non-interfering, daytime-only station, with WPOW taking the old WHAZ Monday night hours. All of these stations moved from 1300 to 1330 kHz with the coming into force of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Regional_Broadcasting_Agreement" title="North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement">North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement</a> on March 29, 1941. </p><p>The newspaper's extensive financial support gave it a primary role in the functioning of the "Debs radio".<sup id="cite_ref-Legit140_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit140-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Jewish Daily Forward's</i> investment in the station soon swelled to nearly $250,000 and its influence over programming increased commensurately.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit140_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit140-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1930s the station's editorial line moved steadily away from explicitly socialist politics to a more <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a> orientation, paralleling the political perspective of <i>The Forward</i> itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit140_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit140-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Forward</i> also underwrote the 1938 purchase of WFAB.<sup id="cite_ref-acquire_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acquire-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Free access to the airwaves by trade unions was increasingly restricted and left wing political broadcasting sometimes faced <a href="/wiki/Blackout_(broadcasting)" title="Blackout (broadcasting)">preemption</a> in favor of sponsored commercial content.<sup id="cite_ref-Legit140_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legit140-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station ultimately emerged as the radio arm of <i>The Forward,</i> while the Socialist Party turned to the airwaves of the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">National Broadcasting Company</a> and other channels in its efforts to make its political message heard on a mass basis.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WEVD_advertisement_(1942).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/WEVD_advertisement_%281942%29.gif/220px-WEVD_advertisement_%281942%29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/WEVD_advertisement_%281942%29.gif/330px-WEVD_advertisement_%281942%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/WEVD_advertisement_%281942%29.gif/440px-WEVD_advertisement_%281942%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption>1942 station advertisement.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>WEVD did not become completely apolitical in this period, however, as during the 1930s a weekly talk show was launched hosted by Chester M. Wright of the International Labor News Service.<sup id="cite_ref-WCFL198_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCFL198-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This show paid its way through a commercial sponsorship by Avalon Cigarettes and was syndicated to a national audience through <a href="/wiki/Electrical_transcription" title="Electrical transcription">electrical transcription</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WCFL198_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCFL198-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 9, 1950, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Cammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Cammer">Harold Cammer</a>, Burton Zorn, Edwin M. Ottenbourg, Samuel Harris Cohen spoke with Stanley G. House as moderator on "Should New York State Have a Little Taft-Hartley Law?"<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 6, 1953, New York University philosophy professor <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Sidney Hook</a> discussed "The Threat to Academic Freedom" with <a href="/wiki/Victor_Riesel" title="Victor Riesel">Victor Riesel</a> and others in the evening on WEVD radio.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, WEVD was approved to begin using the transmitting facilities of its shared-time partner, WPOW, on <a href="/wiki/Rossville,_Staten_Island" title="Rossville, Staten Island">Rossville, Staten Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1978, the <i>Forward</i> was analyzing the sale of the unprofitable AM outlet.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, the Forward Association sold WEVD (AM) to <a href="/wiki/Salem_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Salem Media">Salem Media</a>, which changed the station's format and on March 2, 1981 its call letters, making it the Christian station <a href="/wiki/WWRV" title="WWRV">WNYM</a>. Salem subsequently purchased WPOW, merging that station into WNYM and eliminating the 52-year time-share on 1330 as of December 31, 1984. WNYM evolved into WWRV, broadcasting around the clock on 1330 AM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WEVD-FM_(1951-1989)"><span id="WEVD-FM_.281951-1989.29"></span>WEVD-FM (1951-1989)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: WEVD-FM (1951-1989)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WSKQ-FM" title="WSKQ-FM">WSKQ-FM</a></div> <p>In 1951, FM sister station <a href="/wiki/WSKQ-FM" title="WSKQ-FM">WEVD-FM</a> was added to the airwaves, first broadcasting on 107.5 <a href="/wiki/Mhz" class="mw-redirect" title="Mhz">Mhz</a>, then moving to 97.9 a year later, where it remained for the next 36 years. Because it did not share its frequency, WEVD-FM could operate for unlimited hours. However, very few people had FM receivers at this time. After the sale of the original WEVD on AM 1330, WEVD-FM remained on the air under <i>The Forward's</i> ownership, until its 1989 sale to Spanish Broadcasting System. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AM_1050_(1989-2003)"><span id="AM_1050_.281989-2003.29"></span>AM 1050 (1989-2003)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: AM 1050 (1989-2003)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WEPN_(AM)" title="WEPN (AM)">WEPN (AM)</a></div> <p>In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Emmis_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmis Broadcasting">Emmis Broadcasting</a> acquired the license of <a href="/wiki/WNBC_(AM)" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBC (AM)">WNBC</a> and moved the <a href="/wiki/WFAN_(AM)" title="WFAN (AM)">WFAN</a> call letters and sports format from 1050 to 660 AM. Emmis sold the license for AM 1050 to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Broadcasting_System" title="Spanish Broadcasting System">Spanish Broadcasting System</a> (SBS), which quickly agreed to trade that license with cash to the Forward Association for WEVD-FM. Until the latter transaction was approved, SBS operated 1050 as a Spanish-language station called WUKQ. When the deal was finally consummated, WEVD moved its call letters and programming to 1050 and the former WEVD-FM became <a href="/wiki/WSKQ-FM" title="WSKQ-FM">WSKQ-FM</a>. </p><p>The station carried brokered programming with some <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">news-talk</a>. WEVD gradually replaced much of its brokered ethnic programming with liberal talk shows over the next several years; it gained some loyal listeners, but not enough to keep the station economically viable. In 2001, the Forward Association entered into a local marketing agreement with <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Radio" title="ESPN Radio">ESPN Radio</a>, and WEVD began broadcasting that network's programming on September 2 of that year. In 2003, the station was sold outright to ESPN and its call letters changed to <a href="/wiki/WEPN_(AM)" title="WEPN (AM)">WEPN</a>, ending the 76-year history of WEVD call letters in New York City. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WMVP" title="WMVP">WCFL</a>, radio station in Chicago operated by the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Federation_of_Labor" title="Chicago Federation of Labor">Chicago Federation of Labor</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Legit124-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Legit124_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure: The Socialists and American Broadcasting, 1926-1932," in Ronald C. Kent et al. (eds.), <i>Culture, Gender, Race, and U.S. Labor History.</i> Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993; pg. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit127-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Legit127_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DriveOpens-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DriveOpens_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Drive Opens to Build Debs Radio," <i>The New Leader,</i> vol. 3, no. 11 (March 12, 1927), pp. 1, 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit128-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit128_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit128_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit128_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit128_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit128_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit128_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FundBuys-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FundBuys_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Debs Fund Buys Radio Station: Broadcasting is to Begin Soon: Socialist, Labor and Liberal Group is Now Owner of WSOM," <i>The New Leader,</i> vol. 4, no. 7 (Aug. 6, 1927), pg. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hc_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hc_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/prod/cdbs/forms/prod/getimportletter_exh.cgi?import_letter_id=65985&.pdf">FCC History Cards for WEVD at 1330 kHz (WNYM)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55536686/">"Another Broadcaster In Metropolitan Zone"</a>. <i>The Brooklyn Daily Times</i>. February 6, 1927. p. 7B<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brooklyn+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Another+Broadcaster+In+Metropolitan+Zone&rft.pages=7B&rft.date=1927-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F55536686%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWEVD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YRP-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YRP_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YRP_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yiddishradioproject.org/exhibits/history/">"The Yiddish Radio Dial,"</a> Sound Portraits Productions, 2002, yiddishradioproject.org/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit129-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit129_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit129_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit129_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit129_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit129_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman Thomas to G. August Gerber, January 4, 1928. Norman Thomas Papers 1904-1967, Microfilm Edition, Reel 1. Quoted in Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112106763078&view=1up&seq=60">"List of broadcasting stations issued temporary permits"</a>, <i>Radio Service Bulletin</i>, April 30, 1927, pages 6-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112106763078&view=1up&seq=205">"Extension of Broadcasting Station Licenses"</a>, <i>Radio Service Bulletin</i>, December 31, 1927, page 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notice-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-notice_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011384305&view=1up&seq=182">"Appendix F (2): Letter to and list of stations included in General Order No. 32, issued May 25, 1928"</a>, <i>Second Annual Report of the Federal Radio Commission for the Year Ended June 30, 1928, Together With Supplemental Report for the Period From July 1, 1928 to September 30, 1928</i>, pages 146-149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit130-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit130_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit130_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit131-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit131_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit131_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New York Times,</i> August 23, 1928, pg. 20. Quoted in Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit132-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit132_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit132_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit132_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit132_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit135-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit135_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit135_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit135_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit135_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit135_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit135_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit135_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit135_19-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit136-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit136_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit136_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit136_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit136_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit136_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pp. 136-137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit137-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit137_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit137_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit137_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit137_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit138-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit138_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit138_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit139-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit139_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit139_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit139_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit139_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pp. 139-140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acquire-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acquire_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acquire_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"WEVD To Acquire WFAB". <i>New York Times</i>. Associated Press. June 4, 1938. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=WEVD+To+Acquire+WFAB&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1938-06-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWEVD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legit140-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Legit140_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit140_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit140_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Legit140_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godfried, "Legitimizing the Mass Media Structure," pg. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/broadcasting22unse/page/n1018/mode/1up">WEVD (advertisement)</a>, <i>Broadcasting</i>, May 4, 1942, page 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCFL198-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WCFL198_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCFL198_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan Godfried, <i>WCFL: Chicago's Voice of Labor, 1926-78.</i> Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1997; pg. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"On the Radio Today". <i>New York Times</i>. January 9, 1950. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+the+Radio+Today&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1950-01-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWEVD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"On the Radio". <i>New York Times</i>. February 6, 1953. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+the+Radio&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1953-02-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWEVD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1978" class="citation news cs1">Adams, Val (December 2, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55879657/">"Shaky WEVD-AM being sold"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. p. 39<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Shaky+WEVD-AM+being+sold&rft.pages=39&rft.date=1978-12-02&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Val&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F55879657%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWEVD" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/prod/cdbs/forms/prod/getimportletter_exh.cgi?import_letter_id=65985&.pdf">FCC History Cards for WWRV</a> (covering 1927-1981 as WSOM / WEVD (1927-1981) / WNYM)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/prod/cdbs/forms/prod/getimportletter_exh.cgi?import_letter_id=80801&.pdf">FCC History Cards for WSKQ-FM</a> (covering 1947-1981 as WEVD-FM)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=WEVD&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nathan Godfried, <i>WCFL: Chicago's Voice of Labor, 1926-78.</i> Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1997.</li> <li>David Goodman, <i>Radio's Civic Ambition: American Broadcasting and Democracy in the 1930s.</i> New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yivoarchives.org/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=33635">WEVD Radio Station (New York) Records</a> (RG 1271) are held in the archives of the <a href="/wiki/YIVO_Institute_for_Jewish_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="YIVO Institute for Jewish Research">YIVO Institute for Jewish Research</a> in New York City.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_New_York_City_(the_Five_Boroughs)_and_Newark,_New_Jersey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City_Radio" title="Template:New York City Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City_Radio" title="Template talk:New York City Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_New_York_City_(the_Five_Boroughs)_and_Newark,_New_Jersey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in New York City (the <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Five Boroughs</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd>This area also includes the following counties in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WMCA_(AM)" title="WMCA (AM)">570</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSNR" title="WSNR">620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFAN_(AM)" title="WFAN (AM)">660</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOR_(AM)" title="WOR (AM)">710</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WABC_(AM)" title="WABC (AM)">770</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYC_(AM)" title="WNYC (AM)">820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHSQ" title="WHSQ">880</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPAT_(AM)" title="WPAT (AM)">930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYM" title="WNYM">970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINS_(AM)" title="WINS (AM)">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEPN_(AM)" title="WEPN (AM)">1050</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBBR" title="WBBR">1130</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNJ" title="WVNJ">1160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLIB" title="WLIB">1190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WADO" title="WADO">1280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWRV" title="WWRV">1330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKDM" title="WKDM">1380</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNSW" title="WNSW">1430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVOX" title="WVOX">1460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZRC" title="WZRC">1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGHT" title="WGHT">1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFME_(AM)" title="WFME (AM)">1560</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWRL" title="WWRL">1600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWRU" title="WWRU">1660</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apex_(radio_band)" title="Apex (radio band)">Apex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WA2XMN" title="WA2XMN">42.8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WNYZ-LD" title="WNYZ-LD">87.7</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBGO" title="WBGO">88.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPSC-FM" title="WPSC-FM">88.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSIA" title="WSIA">88.9</a></li> <li>89.1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WFDU" title="WFDU">WFDU</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYU-FM" title="WNYU-FM">WNYU-FM</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSOU" title="WSOU">89.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKCR-FM" title="WKCR-FM">89.9</a></li> <li>90.3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHCR-FM" title="WHCR-FM">WHCR-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKRB" title="WKRB">WKRB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMSC_(FM)" title="WMSC (FM)">WMSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFUV" title="WFUV">90.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMU" title="WFMU">91.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYE_(FM)" title="WNYE (FM)">91.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINS-FM" title="WINS-FM">92.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPAT-FM" title="WPAT-FM">93.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNVU_(FM)" title="WNVU (FM)">93.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYC-FM" title="WNYC-FM">93.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXBK" title="WXBK">94.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPLJ" title="WPLJ">95.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXNY-FM" title="WXNY-FM">96.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARW_(FM)" title="WARW (FM)">96.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQHT" title="WQHT">97.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSKQ-FM" title="WSKQ-FM">97.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEPN-FM" title="WEPN-FM">98.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAWZ" title="WAWZ">99.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBAI" title="WBAI">99.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHTZ" title="WHTZ">100.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCBS-FM" title="WCBS-FM">101.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFAN-FM" title="WFAN-FM">101.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNEW-FM" title="WNEW-FM">102.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKTU" title="WKTU">103.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVBN_(FM)" title="WVBN (FM)">103.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAXQ" title="WAXQ">104.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWPR-FM" title="WWPR-FM">105.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQXR-FM" title="WQXR-FM">105.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTW" title="WLTW">106.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBLS" title="WBLS">107.5</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting" title="Low-power broadcasting">LPFM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WYNE-LP" title="WYNE-LP">95.9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WBQE-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WBQE-LP (page does not exist)">102.3</a></li> <li>105.5 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WDMB-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="WDMB-LP">WDMB-LP</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQEQ-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="WQEQ-LP">WQEQ-LP</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">Translators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W220EJ" class="mw-redirect" title="W220EJ">91.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W236CH" class="mw-redirect" title="W236CH">95.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W248CG" class="mw-redirect" title="W248CG">97.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W252CS" class="mw-redirect" title="W252CS">98.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W268BY" class="mw-redirect" title="W268BY">101.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W272DX" class="mw-redirect" title="W272DX">102.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W276AQ" class="mw-redirect" title="W276AQ">103.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W284BW" class="mw-redirect" title="W284BW">104.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W300EI" class="mw-redirect" title="W300EI">107.9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_communications_authority" title="Subsidiary communications authority">FM subcarrier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>67 <a href="/wiki/KHz" class="mw-redirect" title="KHz">kHz</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Radio_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Radio New York">Chinese Radio New York</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatewave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gatewave (page does not exist)">Gatewave</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_reading_service" title="Radio reading service">radio reading service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maria" title="Radio Maria">Radio Maria Stati Uniti</a> (Italian)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>92 <a href="/wiki/KHz" class="mw-redirect" title="KHz">kHz</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/ICN_Radio" title="ICN Radio">ICN Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maria" title="Radio Maria">Radio Maria Estados Unidos</a> (Spanish)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RBC_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="RBC Radio">RBC Radio</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Weather_Radio" title="NOAA Weather Radio">NOAA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KWO35" class="mw-redirect" title="KWO35">162.55</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WBGO" title="WBGO">88.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBGO" title="WBGO">88.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFDU" title="WFDU">89.1-1</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFDU" title="WFDU">89.1-2</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFDU" title="WFDU">89.1-3</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSOU" title="WSOU">89.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSOU#WSOU_HD2" title="WSOU">89.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKCR-FM" title="WKCR-FM">89.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFM" title="WWFM">89.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXPN-HD2" class="mw-redirect" title="WXPN-HD2">89.9-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFUV" title="WFUV">90.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFUV" title="WFUV">90.7-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINS-FM" title="WINS-FM">92.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINS-FM" title="WINS-FM">92.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINS-FM" title="WINS-FM">92.3-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPAT-FM" title="WPAT-FM">93.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYC-FM" title="WNYC-FM">93.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQXR-FM" title="WQXR-FM">93.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYC_(AM)" title="WNYC (AM)">93.9-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXBK" title="WXBK">94.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXBK" title="WXBK">94.7-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYZ-LD" title="WNYZ-LD">94.7-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPLJ" title="WPLJ">95.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPLJ#HD_Radio" title="WPLJ">95.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPLJ#HD_Radio" title="WPLJ">95.5-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRDR" title="WRDR">95.5-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXNY-FM" title="WXNY-FM">96.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WADO" title="WADO">96.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXNY-FM" title="WXNY-FM">96.3-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXNY-FM" title="WXNY-FM">96.3-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARW_(FM)" title="WARW (FM)">96.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARW_(FM)" title="WARW (FM)">96.7-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARW_(FM)" title="WARW (FM)">96.7-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQHT" title="WQHT">97.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSKQ-FM" title="WSKQ-FM">97.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAWZ" title="WAWZ">99.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAWZ" title="WAWZ">99.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAWZ" title="WAWZ">99.1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHTZ" title="WHTZ">100.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCBS-FM" title="WCBS-FM">101.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHSQ" title="WHSQ">101.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_True_Oldies_Channel" title="The True Oldies Channel">101.1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFAN-FM" title="WFAN-FM">101.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Sports Radio">101.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFAN-FM" title="WFAN-FM">101.9-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNEW-FM" title="WNEW-FM">102.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKTU" title="WKTU">103.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Radio" title="Pride Radio">103.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKTU" title="WKTU">103.5-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAXQ" title="WAXQ">104.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOR_(AM)" title="WOR (AM)">104.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWPR-FM" title="WWPR-FM">105.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWPR-FM" title="WWPR-FM">105.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWPR-FM" title="WWPR-FM">105.1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQXR-FM" title="WQXR-FM">105.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQXR-FM" title="WQXR-FM">105.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTW" title="WLTW">106.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTW" title="WLTW">106.7-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBLS" title="WBLS">107.5-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_North_America" title="Call signs in North America">Call signs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KWO35" class="mw-redirect" title="KWO35">KWO35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W220EJ" class="mw-redirect" title="W220EJ">W220EJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W236CH" class="mw-redirect" title="W236CH">W236CH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W248CG" class="mw-redirect" title="W248CG">W248CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W252CS" class="mw-redirect" title="W252CS">W252CS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W268BY" class="mw-redirect" title="W268BY">W268BY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W272DX" class="mw-redirect" title="W272DX">W272DX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W276AQ" class="mw-redirect" title="W276AQ">W276AQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W284BW" class="mw-redirect" title="W284BW">W284BW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W300EI" class="mw-redirect" title="W300EI">W300EI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WA2XMN" title="WA2XMN">WA2XMN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WABC_(AM)" title="WABC (AM)">WABC</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WADO" title="WADO">WADO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARW_(FM)" title="WARW (FM)">WARW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WARW_(FM)" title="WARW (FM)">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARW_(FM)" title="WARW (FM)">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAXQ" title="WAXQ">WAXQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WOR_(AM)" title="WOR (AM)">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAWZ" title="WAWZ">WAWZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAWZ" title="WAWZ">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAWZ" title="WAWZ">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBAI" title="WBAI">WBAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBBR" title="WBBR">WBBR</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBGO" title="WBGO">WBGO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WBGO" title="WBGO">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBLS" title="WBLS">WBLS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WBQE-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WBQE-LP (page does not exist)">WBQE-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCBS-FM" title="WCBS-FM">WCBS-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHSQ" title="WHSQ">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCBS-FM" title="WCBS-FM">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDMB-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="WDMB-LP">WDMB-LP</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEPN_(AM)" title="WEPN (AM)">WEPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEPN-FM" title="WEPN-FM">WEPN-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFAN_(AM)" title="WFAN (AM)">WFAN</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFAN-FM" title="WFAN-FM">WFAN-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WFAN-FM" title="WFAN-FM">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFAN-FM" title="WFAN-FM">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFDU" title="WFDU">WFDU</a><sup>2</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WFDU" title="WFDU">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFDU" title="WFDU">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFME_(AM)" title="WFME (AM)">WFME</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMU" title="WFMU">WFMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFUV" title="WFUV">WFUV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WFUV" title="WFUV">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGHT" title="WGHT">WGHT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHCR-FM" title="WHCR-FM">WHCR-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHSQ" title="WHSQ">WHSQ</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHTZ" title="WHTZ">WHTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINS_(AM)" title="WINS (AM)">WINS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINS-FM" title="WINS-FM">WINS-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WINS-FM" title="WINS-FM">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINS-FM" title="WINS-FM">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKCR-FM" title="WKCR-FM">WKCR-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WWFM" title="WWFM">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXPN-HD2" class="mw-redirect" title="WXPN-HD2">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKDM" title="WKDM">WKDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKRB" title="WKRB">WKRB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKTU" title="WKTU">WKTU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Radio" title="Pride Radio">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKTU" title="WKTU">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLIB" title="WLIB">WLIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTW" title="WLTW">WLTW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WLTW" title="WLTW">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMCA_(AM)" title="WMCA (AM)">WMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMSC_(FM)" title="WMSC (FM)">WMSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNEW-FM" title="WNEW-FM">WNEW-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNSW" title="WNSW">WNSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNVU_(FM)" title="WNVU (FM)">WNVU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYC_(AM)" title="WNYC (AM)">WNYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYC-FM" title="WNYC-FM">WNYC-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WQXR-FM" title="WQXR-FM">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYC_(AM)" title="WNYC (AM)">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYE_(FM)" title="WNYE (FM)">WNYE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYM" title="WNYM">WNYM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYU-FM" title="WNYU-FM">WNYU-FM</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYZ-LD" title="WNYZ-LD">WNYZ-LD</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOR_(AM)" title="WOR (AM)">WOR</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPAT_(AM)" title="WPAT (AM)">WPAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPAT-FM" title="WPAT-FM">WPAT-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPLJ" title="WPLJ">WPLJ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WPLJ#HD_Radio" title="WPLJ">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPLJ#HD_Radio" title="WPLJ">HD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRDR" title="WRDR">HD4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPSC-FM" title="WPSC-FM">WPSC-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQEQ-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="WQEQ-LP">WQEQ-LP</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQHT" title="WQHT">WQHT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQXR-FM" title="WQXR-FM">WQXR-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WQXR-FM" title="WQXR-FM">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSIA" title="WSIA">WSIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSKQ-FM" title="WSKQ-FM">WSKQ-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSNR" title="WSNR">WSNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSOU" title="WSOU">WSOU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WSOU#WSOU_HD2" title="WSOU">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVBN_(FM)" title="WVBN (FM)">WVBN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WVOX" title="WVOX">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNJ" title="WVNJ">WVNJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVOX" title="WVOX">WVOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWPR-FM" title="WWPR-FM">WWPR-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WWPR-FM" title="WWPR-FM">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWPR-FM" title="WWPR-FM">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWRL" title="WWRL">WWRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWRU" title="WWRU">WWRU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWRV" title="WWRV">WWRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXBK" title="WXBK">WXBK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WXBK" title="WXBK">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYZ-LD" title="WNYZ-LD">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXNY-FM" title="WXNY-FM">WXNY-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WADO" title="WADO">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXNY-FM" title="WXNY-FM">HD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXNY-FM" title="WXNY-FM">HD4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYNE-LP" title="WYNE-LP">WYNE-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZRC" title="WZRC">WZRC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Streaming">Streaming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8-Ball_Community" title="8-Ball Community">8-Ball Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D100_Radio_New_York" title="D100 Radio New York">D100 Radio New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Village_Radio" title="East Village Radio">East Village Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPISS.fm" title="KPISS.fm">KPISS.fm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown_Radio" title="Newtown Radio">Newtown Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYZ-LD" title="WNYZ-LD">Voice of NY Radio Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_87" title="Pulse 87">Pulse 87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Brooklyn" title="Radio Free Brooklyn">Radio Free Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soho_Radio" title="Soho Radio">Soho Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lot_Radio" title="The Lot Radio">The Lot Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBAR_(Barnard_College)" class="mw-redirect" title="WBAR (Barnard College)">WBAR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_2XG" title="Radio 2XG">2XG/WJX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_International_Radio" title="Art International Radio">Art International Radio</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_Radio" title="Jukebox Radio">Jukebox Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Country_Y-107" title="New Country Y-107">New Country Y-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KE2XCC" title="KE2XCC">W2XEA/KE2XCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W2XMN" title="W2XMN">W2XMN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAAT_(AM)" title="WAAT (AM)">WAAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMN_(Alpine,_New_Jersey)" title="WFMN (Alpine, New Jersey)">W31NY/WFMN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDT_(New_York_City)" title="WDT (New York City)">WDT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDY" title="WDY">WDY</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WEVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGYN" title="WGYN">WGYN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJDM_(New_Jersey)" title="WJDM (New Jersey)">WJDM (1530 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJY_(Hoboken,_New_Jersey)" title="WJY (Hoboken, New Jersey)">WJY (Hoboken, New Jersey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJY_(New_York_City)" title="WJY (New York City)">WJY (New York City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLWL_(New_York_City)" title="WLWL (New York City)">WLWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMGM-FM_(New_York_City)" title="WMGM-FM (New York City)">WMGM-FM (100.3 FM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPOW_(New_York_City)" title="WPOW (New York City)">WBBR/WPOW (1330 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPAT-FM_(1949%E2%80%931951)" title="WPAT-FM (1949–1951)">WPAT-FM (1949–1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRNY_(New_York_City)" title="WRNY (New York City)">WRNY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_temporary_broadcasting_stations_in_the_United_States" title="List of temporary broadcasting stations in the United States">WSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWDX_(Paterson,_New_Jersey)" title="WWDX (Paterson, New Jersey)">WWDX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>Radio stations in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City_Radio" title="Template:New York City Radio">New York City</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Long_Island_Radio" title="Template:Long Island Radio">Long Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hudson_Valley_Radio" title="Template:Hudson Valley Radio">Lower Hudson Valley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Monmouth-Ocean_Radio" title="Template:Monmouth-Ocean Radio">Monmouth-Ocean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Morristown_Radio" title="Template:Morristown Radio">Morristown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Middlesex-Somerset-Union_Radio" title="Template:Middlesex-Somerset-Union Radio">New Brunswick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Sussex_Radio" title="Template:Sussex Radio">Sussex</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div> <dl><dt>Other nearby regions</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bridgeport_Radio" title="Template:Bridgeport Radio">Bridgeport</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Danbury_Radio" title="Template:Danbury Radio">Danbury</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Middletown-Newburgh_NY_Radio" title="Template:Middletown-Newburgh NY Radio">Middletown-Newburgh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Poughkeepsie_Radio" title="Template:Poughkeepsie Radio">Poughkeepsie-Kingston</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Stamford-Norwalk_Radio" title="Template:Stamford-Norwalk Radio">Stamford-Norwalk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Trenton_Radio" title="Template:Trenton Radio">Trenton</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_New_York" title="List of radio stations in New York">List of radio stations in New York</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Mass media in New York City">Mass media in New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Radio stations in New York City">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_stations_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Television stations in New York City">TV stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Newspapers published in New York City">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>1. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clear-channel_station" title="Clear-channel station">Clear-channel stations</a> with extended nighttime coverage.</span></dd> <dd>2. <span class="nowrap">Under a "Shared Time" agreement.</span></dd> <dd>3. <span class="nowrap">Station is <a href="/wiki/Dark_(broadcasting)" title="Dark (broadcasting)">silent</a>.</span></dd> <dd>4. <span class="nowrap">Defunct internet radio station.</span></dd> <dd>5. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Channel_6_radio_stations_in_the_United_States" title="Channel 6 radio stations in the United States">Audio from channel 6 TV station</a></span></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/121841407">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78018725">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007402682205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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