CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Radioterapi - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"f7971e91-bca6-412c-bfe4-81cc9bfce7d8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Radioterapi","wgTitle":"Radioterapi","wgCurRevisionId":6367874,"wgRevisionId":6367874,"wgArticleId":191360,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["WPPER","Fizik perubatan","Onkologi sinaran","Radioaktiviti","Radiobiologi","Rawatan perubatan"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Radioterapi","wgRelevantArticleId":191360,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q180507","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Radiation_therapy.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Radiation_therapy.jpg/800px-Radiation_therapy.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Radiation_therapy.jpg/640px-Radiation_therapy.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Radioterapi - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Radioterapi rootpage-Radioterapi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Radioterapi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Radioterapi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Radioterapi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Radioterapi" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kesan_sampingan_radioterapi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesan_sampingan_radioterapi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kesan sampingan radioterapi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesan_sampingan_radioterapi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Radioterapi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 72 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strahlentherapie" title="Strahlentherapie – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Strahlentherapie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="علاج بالأشعة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علاج بالأشعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Radioterapia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Radioterapia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapi" title="Radioterapi – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Radioterapi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="বিকিরণ চিকিৎসা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিকিরণ চিকিৎসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="འཕྲོ་འགྱེད་བཅོས་ཐབས་ – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཕྲོ་འགྱེད་བཅོས་ཐབས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapija" title="Radioterapija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Radioterapija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Радиотерапия – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Радиотерапия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioter%C3%A0pia" title="Radioteràpia – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Radioteràpia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapie" title="Radioterapie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Radioterapie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotherapi" title="Radiotherapi – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Radiotherapi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A5lebehandling" title="Strålebehandling – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strålebehandling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strahlentherapie" title="Strahlentherapie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strahlentherapie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiiritusravi" title="Kiiritusravi – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiiritusravi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ακτινοθεραπεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακτινοθεραπεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Radiation therapy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radioterapia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapio" title="Radioterapio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radioterapio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erradioterapia" title="Erradioterapia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erradioterapia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پرتودرمانی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرتودرمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioth%C3%A9rapie" title="Radiothérapie – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radiothérapie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radaiteiripe" title="Radaiteiripe – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Radaiteiripe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Radioterapia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%AC%EC%84%A0_%EC%B9%98%EB%A3%8C" title="방사선 치료 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방사선 치료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ճառագայթային թերապիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճառագայթային թերապիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="विकिरण चिकित्सा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिरण चिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapija" title="Radioterapija – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Radioterapija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotherapia" title="Radiotherapia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Radiotherapia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geislal%C3%A6kningar" title="Geislalækningar – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geislalækningar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radioterapia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="רדיותרפיה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רדיותרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ರೇಡಿಯೊ ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೇಡಿಯೊ ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სხივური თერაპია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სხივური თერაპია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Рентгенология – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рентгенология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Нур менен дарылоо – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нур менен дарылоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotherapia" title="Radiotherapia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Radiotherapia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapija" title="Radioterapija – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Radioterapija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapija" title="Radioterapija – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Radioterapija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sug%C3%A1rkezel%C3%A9s" title="Sugárkezelés – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sugárkezelés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B8" title="റേഡിയേഷൻ ചികിൽസ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റേഡിയേഷൻ ചികിൽസ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="किरणोपचार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="किरणोपचार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotherapie" title="Radiotherapie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Radiotherapie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="विकिरण चिकित्सा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विकिरण चिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="放射線療法 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="放射線療法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A5lebehandling" title="Strålebehandling – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strålebehandling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A5leterapi" title="Stråleterapi – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stråleterapi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radikal_terapiya" title="Radikal terapiya – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Radikal terapiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਰੇਡੀਏਸ਼ਨ ਇਲਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਡੀਏਸ਼ਨ ਇਲਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चिकित्सा विकिरणशास्त्र – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चिकित्सा विकिरणशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%93%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="وړانگدرملنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وړانگدرملنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radioterapia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Radioterapia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapie" title="Radioterapie – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Radioterapie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Радиотерапия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Радиотерапия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Radiation therapy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dioterapia" title="Rádioterapia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rádioterapia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapija" title="Radioterapija – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Radioterapija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Радиотерапија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Радиотерапија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radijaciona_terapija" title="Radijaciona terapija – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Radijaciona terapija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4dehoito" title="Sädehoito – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sädehoito" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A5lbehandling" title="Strålbehandling – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Strålbehandling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கதிர் மருத்துவம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கதிர் மருத்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нурлы терапия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нурлы терапия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8" title="రేడియో చికిత్స – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రేడియో చికిత్స" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8B_li%E1%BB%87u_b%E1%BB%A9c_x%E1%BA%A1" title="Trị liệu bức xạ – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trị liệu bức xạ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyoterapi" title="Radyoterapi – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Radyoterapi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Променева терапія – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Променева терапія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioterapeye" title="Radioterapeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Radioterapeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" title="放射治疗 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="放射治疗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%99%82" title="電療 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電療" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="放射治療 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="放射治療" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180507#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Radioterapi" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Radioterapi" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Radioterapi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Radioterapi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Radioterapi" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Radioterapi" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&oldid=6367874" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Radioterapi&id=6367874&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRadioterapi"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRadioterapi"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Radioterapi"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Radioterapi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Radiation_therapy" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180507" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Radiation_therapy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Radiation_therapy.jpg/220px-Radiation_therapy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Radiation_therapy.jpg/330px-Radiation_therapy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Radiation_therapy.jpg/440px-Radiation_therapy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Persediaan untuk radioterapi pelvis</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Radioterapi</b> atau <b>terapi sinaran</b> ialah satu kaedah <a href="/wiki/Perubatan" title="Perubatan">perubatan</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi">merawat</a> <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Barah" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyakit Barah">penyakit Barah</a>. Ia menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Sinaran_pengion" title="Sinaran pengion">sinaran pengion</a> seperti sinar-X, sinar gama atau elektron, untuk mengubati atau mengawal <a href="/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi)">sel</a>-sel barah. Perkataan tersebut terdiri daripada gabungan “radio” bermaksud sinaran dan “terapi” bermaksud rawatan. </p><p>Radioterapi boleh digunakan kerana sinaran atau radiasi menghentikan barah daripada membesar dan sel barah daripada membahagi. Ia diarahkan kepada sel barah dengan dua cara- radiasi dalaman dan radiasi luaran. </p><p>Radiasi luaran bermakna radioterapi diberi secara luar badan daripada sebuah mesin yang mengarahkan sinaran kepada ketumbuhan barah. Ia adalah seperti mengambil sinar-X tetapi dosnya jauh lebih tinggi daripada sinar-x untuk diagnosis. Terdapat beberapa jenis mesin radioterapi yang berbeza. Ini termasuk pemecut linear dan mesin kobalt. </p><p>Radiasi dalaman bermakna radioterapi diberi dengan meletak sebuah bekas radioaktif, dawai radioaktif yang halus atau jarum yang diletak dalam badan dekat dengan atau di tempat barah wujud. Ini dipanggil sebagai implan radioaktif. Implan tersebut mengandungi bahan radioaktif seperti yttrium, iridium atau caesium. Implan tersebut mengarahkan sinaran radiasi kepada barah tersebut. </p><p>Radiasi luaran daripada mesin biasa digunakan untuk rawatan radioterapi. Pakar terapi radiasi ataupun pakar onkologi akan menggunakan radiasi dalaman jika sel barah berada dekat dengan permukaan badan atau tempat yang senang untuk dimasuki. Mereka boleh menggunakan implan untuk barah pay udara, barah serviks, dan barah lidah. Jika radiasi dalaman digunakan, biasanya radiasi luaran pun akan digunakan juga. Walau bagaimanapun, pada hari ini, semakin banyak rawatan radiasi yang bersasaran diberi dengan wujudnya radiologi intervensi yang telah menjadi satu sumbangan besar kepada rawatan radiasi. </p><p>Jenis rawatan yang digunakan bergantung kepada jenis barah yang dihidapi, tempat barah wujud dan saiz tumbuhan tersebut. Rawatan perlu dikhaskan mengikut setiap individu. Pakar Radioterapi/Pakar Onkologi hanya akan menggunakan rawatan radioterapi jika rawatan tersebut membawa lebih kebaikan daripada keburukan. </p><p>Biasanya radioterapi digunakan bagi merawat tumor kanser kerana keupayaannya untuk mengawal pertumbuhan sel. Radiasi pengionan bertindak dengan merosakkan DNA tisu barah yang membawa kepada kematian selular. Untuk menyelamatkan tisu normal (seperti kulit atau organ Yang mesti dilalui oleh radiasi bagi merawat tumor), bentuk pancaran radiasi disasar dari beberapa sudut dedahan agar bersilang pada tumor, memberikan dos yang lebih besar terserap di situ berbanding pada tisu yang sihat di kawasan sekitar.Selain tumur itu sendiri, medan sinaran mungkin membabitkan penyaliran nod limfa jika ia secara klinikal atau radiologinya terbabit dengan tumor, atau jika ada dianggap sebagai berisiko bagi penyebaran malignan subklinikal. Ia adalah perlu untuk membenarkan ketidak pastian kedudukan harian dan pergerakan tumor dalaman. Ketidaktentuan ini boleh disebabkan oleh pergerakan dalaman (contohnya, pernafasan dan pengisian pundi kencing) dan pergerakan kulit luar berbanding pada kedudukan tumor. </p><p>Malangnya, sinaran radiasi tidak boleh membezakan sel barah daripada sel manusia yang biasa. Walau bagaimanapun, sel barah tidak boleh menahan kesan radiasi dan akan mati. Sel manusia yang biasa akan pulih semula dan kesan tetap tidak akan dialami. Di sebab sel barah membesar lebih cepat berbanding dengan sel biasa, ia akan lebih terjejas dengan radiasi. Sel biasa juga akan terjejas dan mungkin menyebabkan kesan sampingan pada badan manusia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kesan_sampingan_radioterapi">Kesan sampingan radioterapi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Kesan sampingan radioterapi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kesan sampingan radioterapi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sesetengah rawatan tidak mempunyai kesan sampingan tetapi ada juga sesetengah yang memberi kesan sampingan. Ia bergantung kepada bahagian badan yang dirawat dan dos radioterapi yang diberikan. Kebanyakan orang akan berasa keletihan sepanjang rawatan mereka. Kesan sampingan yang lain akan dihidapi bergantung pada bahagian badan yang dirawat seperti: </p> <ul><li>Berasa tidak sihat – hanya apabila abdomen/pelvis dirawat</li> <li>Kulit yang merah dan gatal</li> <li>Mulut atau kerongkong yang sakit/kering</li> <li>Telinga yang tersumbat</li> <li>Kehilangan rambut - hanya apabila bahagian kepala dirawat</li> <li>kesusahan menelan makanan</li> <li>Sakit perut atau cirit birit</li> <li>Pundi kencing yang lemah</li> <li>Masalah seksual atau kesuburan</li></ul> <p>Kebanyakan kesan sampingan adalah sementara sahaja. Kesan sampingan tersebut akan hilang selepas rawatan dihentikan. Walau bagaimanapun, ada juga kesan yang tetap. Radioterapi boleh mengubati sesetengah jenis barah seperti barah peti suara yang awal, kawasan hidung dan serviks (bahagian bawah uterus). Kadang-kala ia dilakukan bersama pembedahan atau kemoterapi. Dalam kes lain, radioterapi boleh bantu mengawal barah dengan menghentikan tumbesarannya atau dengan mengecilkannya. Ini boleh memanjangkan hidup seseorang yang menghidapi barah atau mengurangkan masalah yang disebabkan oleh barah atau kedua-duanya. </p><p>Radioterapi tidak menyakitkan. Untuk implan, ubat bius akan diberikan kepada pesakit supaya pesakit tidak akan merasa apa-apa. </p><p>Dengan radiasi luaran daripada sebuah mesin, pesakit tidak akan menjadi radioaktif. Ia selamat untuk bersama dan menyentuh orang lain termasuk wanita dan kanak-kanak. </p><p>Pesakit yang dirawat dengan radiasi dalaman tidak digalakkan untuk menjumpai sesiapa pun supaya radioaktifnya tidak akan menjejaskan kesihatan orang lain. Apabila implan tersebut dikeluarkan, radio aktiviti dalam badan pesakit turut akan hilang. </p><p>Orang yang dirawat dengan radioterapi mungkin boleh menghidapi barah yang lain kemudiannya. Walau bagaimanapun, ini adalah kemungkinan yang amat rendah. Rawatan radioterapi akan mengubati pesakit atau mengawal barah dalam badan pesakit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: ccccff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center;"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Teknologi_nuklear" title="Teknologi nuklear">Teknologi nuklear</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: White;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="padding-right:1px; border-right-color: #e6e6fa; border-bottom-color:black"><b>Sains</b></td> <td align="center" style="border-bottom-color:black"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_nuklear" title="Kimia nuklear">Kimia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_nuklear" title="Kejuruteraan nuklear">Kejuruteraan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Fizik_nuklear" title="Fizik nuklear">Fizik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nukleus_atom" title="Nukleus atom">Nukleus atom</a>| <a href="/wiki/Pembelahan_nuklear" title="Pembelahan nuklear">Pembelahan</a> |<a href="/wiki/Pelakuran_nuklear" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelakuran nuklear">Pelakuran</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sinaran" title="Sinaran">Sinaran</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sinaran_pengion" title="Sinaran pengion">Mengion</a> |<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bremstrahlung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bremstrahlung (laman tidak wujud)">Bremstrahlung</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sinaran_Cherenkov" title="Sinaran Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> |<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaran_Neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaran Neutron (laman tidak wujud)">Neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-right-color: #f0f8ff;border-bottom-color:black"><b><a href="/wiki/Bahan_api_nuklear" title="Bahan api nuklear">Bahan api</a></b></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="padding-right:15px; border-bottom-color:black"><a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">Tritium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3">Helium-3</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bahan_subur" title="Bahan subur">Bahan subur</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahan_boleh_belah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahan boleh belah (laman tidak wujud)">Bahan boleh belah</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_isotop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengasingan isotop (laman tidak wujud)">Pengasingan isotop</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahan_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahan nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Bahan nuklear</a> | <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Uranium_diperkaya" title="Uranium diperkaya">diperkaya</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranium_susut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranium susut (laman tidak wujud)">susut</a> | <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Torium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border-right-color: #e6e6fa;border-bottom-color:black"><b><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></b></td> <td align="center" style="border-bottom-color:black"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengaktifan_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengaktifan neutron (laman tidak wujud)">Pengaktifan neutron</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangkapan_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangkapan neutron (laman tidak wujud)">Tangkapan neutron</a> | <a href="/wiki/Racun_neutron" title="Racun neutron">Racun neutron</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keratan_rentas_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keratan rentas neutron (laman tidak wujud)">Keratan rentas neutron</a> |<a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjana_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjana neutron (laman tidak wujud)">Penjana neutron</a> |<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaran_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaran neutron (laman tidak wujud)">Sinaran neutron</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemantul_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemantul neutron (laman tidak wujud)">Pemantul neutron</a> | <a href="/wiki/Suhu_neutron" title="Suhu neutron">Suhu neutron</a> |<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutron_cepat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutron cepat (laman tidak wujud)">Neutron cepat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-right-color: #f0f8ff;border-bottom-color:black"><b><a href="/wiki/Kuasa_nuklear" title="Kuasa nuklear">Kuasa</a></b></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-bottom-color:black"><a href="/wiki/Kuasa_nuklear_mengikut_negara" title="Kuasa nuklear mengikut negara">Kuasa nuklear mengikut negara</a> | <a href="/wiki/Loji_kuasa_nuklear" title="Loji kuasa nuklear">Loji kuasa nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemalangan_dan_insiden_nuklear_dan_sinaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemalangan dan insiden nuklear dan sinaran (laman tidak wujud)">Kemalangan dan insiden</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kuasa_lakuran" title="Kuasa lakuran">Pelakuran</a> | <a href="/wiki/Penjana_termoelektrik_radioisotop" title="Penjana termoelektrik radioisotop">Penjana termoelektrik radioisotop</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pendorongan_nuklear" title="Pendorongan nuklear">Pendorongan nuklear</a>|<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roket_terma_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roket terma nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Roket terma nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keselamatan_Nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keselamatan Nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Keselamatan Nuklear</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border-right-color: #e6e6fa;border-bottom-color:black"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubatan_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perubatan nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Perubatan nuklear</a></b></td> <td align="center" style="border-bottom-color:black"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomografi_pemancaran_positron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomografi pemancaran positron (laman tidak wujud)">(PET)</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapi_proton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapi proton (laman tidak wujud)">Terapi proton</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomoterapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomoterapi (laman tidak wujud)">Tomoterapi</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brakiterapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brakiterapi (laman tidak wujud)">Brakiterapi</a> | <a href="/wiki/Terapi_sinaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Terapi sinaran">Terapi sinaran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-right-color: #f0f8ff;border-bottom-color:black"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitar_bahan_api_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitar bahan api nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Kitar bahan api nuklear</a></b></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-bottom-color:black"><a href="/wiki/Sisa_radioaktif" title="Sisa radioaktif">Sisa radioaktif</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranium_diproses_semula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranium diproses semula (laman tidak wujud)">uranium diproses semula</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plutonium_gred_senjata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plutonium gred senjata (laman tidak wujud)">plutonium gred senjata</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahan_api_nuklear_terpakai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahan api nuklear terpakai (laman tidak wujud)">Bahan api nuklear terpakai</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolam_storan_bahan_api&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolam storan bahan api (laman tidak wujud)">Kolam storan bahan api</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmutasi_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmutasi nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Transmutasi nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemprosesan_semula_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemprosesan semula nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Pemprosesan semula nuklear</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border-right-color: #e6e6fa;border-bottom-color:black"><b><a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklear" title="Senjata nuklear">Senjata nuklear</a></b></td> <td align="center" style="border-bottom-color:black"><a href="/wiki/Kesan_letupan_nuklear" title="Kesan letupan nuklear">Kesan letupan nuklear</a> | <a href="/wiki/Peperangan_nuklear" title="Peperangan nuklear">Peperangan nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percambahan_senjata_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percambahan senjata nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Percambahan senjata nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlumbaan_senjata_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlumbaan senjata nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Perlumbaan senjata nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reka_bentuk_senjata_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reka bentuk senjata nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Reka bentuk senjata nuklear</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_senjata_nuklear" title="Sejarah senjata nuklear">Sejarah senjata nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_negara_bersenjata_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai negara bersenjata nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai negara bersenjata nuklear</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_ujian_nuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai ujian nuklear (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai ujian nuklear</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#f0f8ff" style="border-right-color: #f0f8ff;border-bottom-color:black"><b><a href="/wiki/Reaktor_nuklear" title="Reaktor nuklear">Reaktor nuklear</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&oldid=6367874">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&oldid=6367874</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fizik_perubatan" title="Kategori:Fizik perubatan">Fizik perubatan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Onkologi_sinaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Onkologi sinaran (laman tidak wujud)">Onkologi sinaran</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Radioaktiviti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Radioaktiviti (laman tidak wujud)">Radioaktiviti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Radiobiologi" title="Kategori:Radiobiologi">Radiobiologi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rawatan_perubatan" title="Kategori:Rawatan perubatan">Rawatan perubatan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:WPPER" title="Kategori:WPPER">WPPER</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 16:31, 10 November 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radioterapi&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fkn9p","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.034","walltime":"0.157","ppvisitednodes":{"value":59,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4128,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":6,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 17.092 1 Templat:Nuclear_Technology","100.00% 17.092 1 -total"," 39.56% 6.761 1 Templat:Cob"," 20.38% 3.484 1 Templat:Collapse_top"," 6.65% 1.137 1 Templat:State"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-78fc6dc798-bxmc2","timestamp":"20241121034957","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Radioterapi","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radioterapi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q180507","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q180507","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-03-17T05:41:48Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T16:31:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d5\/Radiation_therapy.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>