CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Holy See–United Kingdom relations - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f3c714ef-eb6a-40fc-8b3a-ea59fc5b6958","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Holy_See–United_Kingdom_relations","wgTitle":"Holy See–United Kingdom relations","wgCurRevisionId":1250573038,"wgRevisionId":1250573038,"wgArticleId":19361039,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2024","Use dmy dates from March 2021","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from June 2018","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018","Holy See–United Kingdom relations", "Bilateral relations of the Holy See","Bilateral relations of the United Kingdom"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Holy_See–United_Kingdom_relations","wgRelevantArticleId":19361039,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5886145","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/1200px-Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1209"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/800px-Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="806"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/640px-Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="645"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Holy See–United Kingdom relations - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Holy_See–United_Kingdom_relations rootpage-Holy_See–United_Kingdom_relations skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_UK's_formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_UK's_formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>After the UK's formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_UK's_formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Recent developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_visits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_visits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>State visits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-State_visits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle State visits subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-State_visits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_British_Royal_visits_to_the_Vatican" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_British_Royal_visits_to_the_Vatican"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>List of British Royal visits to the Vatican</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_British_Royal_visits_to_the_Vatican-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Holy See–United Kingdom relations</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9F_%E2%80%93_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%AA" title="יחסי הוותיקן – הממלכה המאוחדת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחסי הוותיקן – הממלכה המאוחדת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_entre_Reino_Unido_e_Santa_S%C3%A9" title="Relações entre Reino Unido e Santa Sé – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Relações entre Reino Unido e Santa Sé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5886145#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&oldid=1250573038" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&id=1250573038&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHoly_See%25E2%2580%2593United_Kingdom_relations"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHoly_See%25E2%2580%2593United_Kingdom_relations"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Relations_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_the_Holy_See" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5886145" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <b>Holy See–United Kingdom relations</b> are <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">foreign relations</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>The Holy See maintains an <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_nunciature" title="Apostolic nunciature">Apostolic nunciature</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and the United Kingdom has an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">Embassy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Nuncio</a> in London is <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Maury_Buend%C3%ADa" title="Miguel Maury Buendía">Miguel Maury Buendía</a>, and the British Ambassador is Chris Trott. </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Holy See–United Kingdom relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Holy See and United Kingdom"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Holy See and United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/250px-Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/375px-Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png/500px-Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1245" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Diplomatic mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center">Apostolic Nunciature to the Court of St. James's</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;">British Embassy to the Holy See</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Envoy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nuncio" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio">Apostolic Nuncio</a> <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Gugerotti" title="Claudio Gugerotti">Claudio Gugerotti</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">Ambassador</a> Chris Trott</td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Holy See–United Kingdom relations">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations%22">"Holy See–United Kingdom relations"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Holy+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_relations">Early relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In circa 595, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a> sent a mission now known as the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Mission">Gregorian Mission</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kingdom of Kent</a>. <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> in circa 597. During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and until the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> in the 16th century, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a> were <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> kingdoms with diplomatic relations with the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>. </p><p>In 1209, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> put the Kingdom of England under <a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">interdict</a> amidst rising disputes with <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John, King of England</a>, after he refused to accept <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Langton" title="Stephen Langton">Stephen Langton</a>, the papal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>. The dispute was resolved in 1213 when John conceded power to the Pope by becoming his vassal and agreed to pay feudal taxes to the Catholic Church. </p><p>In 1479, <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV of England</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/John_Sherwood_(bishop)" title="John Sherwood (bishop)">John Sherwood</a> as the first Resident Ambassador in the Papal States. Diplomatic relations were broken in 1536, following the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1553 under <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I of England</a>, who appointed <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Carne" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edward Carne">Sir Edward Carne</a> as her Ambassador. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> diplomatic relations were broken again due to the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Regnans_in_Excelsis" title="Regnans in Excelsis">Regnans in Excelsis</a></i> in 1570. Official relations with the Papal States were then prohibited by law. The two countries nevertheless had occasional contacts. </p><p>In 1621, the English court despatched George Gage to the Papal court in order to obtain permission for <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> to marry the Spanish infanta, a marriage that in the event did not take place. But when Charles I married a French Catholic princess named <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Maria">Henrietta Maria</a>, he obtained the blessing of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV" title="Pope Gregory XV">Pope Gregory XV</a>, who used the opportunity to despatch <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Panzani" title="Gregorio Panzani">Gregorio Panzani</a> to England as his envoy. Panzani was followed as papal envoy by the Scottish Franciscan <a href="/wiki/George_Conn_(priest)" title="George Conn (priest)">George Conn</a>. </p><p>In 1686, King <a href="/wiki/James_VII_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VII of Scotland">James VII of Scotland</a> and II of England despatched as envoy to the Papal States <a href="/wiki/Roger_Palmer,_1st_Earl_of_Castlemaine" title="Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine">the Earl of Castlemaine</a> and received as papal envoy Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_D%27Adda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando D'Adda (page does not exist)">Fernando D'Adda</a>. Relations were broken again following the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a> in 1688. The Papal States recognised <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" title="James Francis Edward Stuart">James Francis Edward Stuart</a> as James VIII and III until his death in 1766, but not his son <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charles</a>, which gave subtle recognition to the reigning <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">House of Hanover</a>. This helped start the reform of the anti-Catholic penal laws, achieved in part by the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act_1774" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Act 1774">Quebec Act 1774</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Papists_Act_1778" title="Papists Act 1778">Papists Act 1778</a>. Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Coxe_Hippisley" class="mw-redirect" title="John Coxe Hippisley">John Coxe Hippisley</a>'s brief mission to Rome to explore the possibility of restoring relations failed in 1779–1780. </p><p>Unofficial relations were formed again during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, as both the British and the Papal courts were interested in coordinating policies against the spread of the revolution across Europe. In 1792, the British court despatched Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Coxe_Hippisley" class="mw-redirect" title="John Coxe Hippisley">John Coxe Hippisley</a> to Rome as envoy, a position he held until 1795. The papal court despatched Monsignor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Erskine_(cardinal)" title="Charles Erskine (cardinal)">Charles Erskine</a> to London as envoy, a position he held until 1801. Both countries found themselves at various times enemies of France during this period and therefore had a degree of commonality of interests, not least because of the <a href="/wiki/Dechristianisation_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution">dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution</a> and the French establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(18th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (18th century)">Roman Republic</a> of 1798–99. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_UK's_formation"><span id="After_the_UK.27s_formation"></span>After the UK's formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After the UK's formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> came into existence in 1801 with the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">union of the Kingdom of Ireland to Great Britain</a>, which had been formed by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">union of the Kingdoms of Scotland and England</a> in 1707. With the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a> of 1921, all of Ireland became an independent dominion. Northern Ireland exercised its right under that treaty to separate from the remainder of Ireland and maintain the union with Great Britain, which created the current state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. </p><p>The Holy See is the pre-eminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church and recognised in international law as a sovereign entity with which diplomatic relations can be maintained.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Pastor_Bonus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastor Bonus">Pastor Bonus</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">apostolic constitution</a>, defines the Vatican's diplomatic relations with states as the Holy See.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the continuity of the Holy See from early times, it is possible to see that the various parts of the United Kingdom had relations with the Holy See prior to their incorporation within the Union (and in Ireland's case, following it - see <a href="/wiki/Holy_See_%E2%80%93_Ireland_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See – Ireland relations">Holy See – Ireland relations</a>). </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Emancipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Emancipation">Catholic Emancipation</a> Act of 1829, legal obstacles to relations with the Papal States were removed, but the British government still refrained from accrediting an envoy to Rome, though British envoys to some Italian city states were also charged with conducting negotiations with the Papal Court. During the Irish tenants'-rights <a href="/wiki/Plan_of_Campaign" title="Plan of Campaign">Plan of Campaign</a> in the 1880s, the Papacy condemned the activities in the encyclical "Saepe Nos" (1888), even though most of the tenants were Catholics.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United Kingdom did not re-establish relations with the Holy See until December 1914, following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, as the British government was apprehensive about possible growing German and Austrian influence over Vatican policies. The first envoy selected was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard_(diplomat)" title="Henry Howard (diplomat)">Henry Howard</a>, a British Catholic, who was followed by the 7th <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Charles,_7th_Count_de_Salis-Soglio" title="John Francis Charles, 7th Count de Salis-Soglio">Count de Salis</a>. In order to maintain that this diplomatic mission was temporary in nature, it was titled "Special Mission to the Vatican". Only in 1923 was the mission's title changed to "His Majesty's Legation to the Holy See". </p><p>In May 1949, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margaret">Princess Margaret</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> in the Vatican City. It was the first visit of a British Royal to the Holy See after hundreds of years.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">problem of Northern Ireland</a> has been a major issue in British-Vatican relations, and during the 1970s the Holy See expressed its hopes for a speedy and just solution on the issue. On 1 June 1974, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> called on all armed factions to take part in peace talks:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We earnestly beg that all violence should cease, from whatever side it may come, for it is contrary to the law of God and to a Christian and civilized way of life; that, in response to the common Christian conscience and the voice of reason, a climate of mutual trust and dialogue be reestablished in justice and charity; that the real and deep-seated causes of social unrest – which are not to be reduced to differences of a religious nature – be identified and eliminated.</p></blockquote> <p>The Holy See also supported the British efforts at bringing to an end to racial segregation in Rhodesia (present day <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and commended <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> for her activities for peace among nations, and for peace between Catholics and Anglicans.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_developments">Recent developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recent developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Full relations were recognised in 1982 when <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II%27s_visit_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope John Paul II's visit to the United Kingdom">Pope John Paul II visited the UK</a>. This led to the first full exchange of ambassadors between the UK and the Holy See that year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 9 September 2011, Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Baker" title="Nigel Baker">Nigel Marcus Baker</a> presented his credentials to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>. In his speech, the British Ambassador presented three main goals of Vatican-UK relations, namely facing existential threats such as climate change and nuclear proliferation, promoting interfaith dialogue to achieve peace and working to reduce world poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UK Embassy to the Holy See is co-located with the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_Kingdom,_Rome" title="Embassy of the United Kingdom, Rome">UK Embassy to the Republic of Italy</a> at Via XX Settembre in Rome, following the 2006 closure of the rented building that had served as the UK's Embassy to the Holy See. Some in the Vatican protested the co-location of the UK's embassies, complaining that senior officials of the Holy See should not be required to visit the UK embassy to Italy, a country with which the Holy See has an entirely different and at times fractious relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Holy See's Nunciature to Great Britain is the diplomatic post of the Holy See whose representative is called the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Great_Britain" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Great Britain">Apostolic Nuncio to Great Britain</a> with the rank of an ambassador. The office of the nunciature is located at 54 Parkside, <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimbledon Village">Wimbledon Village</a>, London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_visits">State visits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: State visits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> first visited the Vatican during the pontificate of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>, before her own accession. Her second visit to the Vatican was a private visit (during a state visit to the Italian Republic) on 5 May 1962 when she was received by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a>. She made two <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">State Visits</a> during the pontificate of John Paul II in 1980 and 2000. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Cornwall" title="Duchess of Cornwall">Duchess of Cornwall</a> met <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> at the Vatican on 27 April 2009. Prince Charles and his second wife, Camilla, were granted a private audience with the pontiff. It was Charles's first audience at the Vatican since his divorce from the late <a href="/wiki/Princess_Diana" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Diana">Princess Diana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> was the first Pope to make <a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom">an official visit to the United Kingdom on 16 September 2010</a>, which was accorded the status of a state visit. In a break with normal arrangements for state visits he arrived in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and was granted an audience of Queen Elizabeth II at her official residence in Scotland, the Palace of <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Holyrood House">Holyrood House</a>. On the evening of the same day he celebrated the second Papal Mass ever held in Scotland at <a href="/wiki/Bellahouston_Park" title="Bellahouston Park">Bellahouston Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, with over 250,000 Scottish Catholics in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Papal Mass in Scotland was celebrated by his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bellahouston_Park" title="Bellahouston Park">Bellahouston Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, during his pastoral visit in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Queen Elizabeth II and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>, while visiting Italian President <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a> in Rome, had an informal visit with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> on 3 April 2014. It was her seventh encounter with a pope and the fifth different pope she met.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_British_Royal_visits_to_the_Vatican">List of British Royal visits to the Vatican</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of British Royal visits to the Vatican"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>29 April 1903 – <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VII">King Edward VII</a> meets <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></li> <li>1918 – <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward, Prince of Wales</a> meets <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a></li> <li>1923 – <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> meet <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a></li> <li>10 May 1949 – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret</a> meets <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li>13 April 1951 – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Princess Elizabeth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> meet the Pope Pius XII</li> <li>23 April 1959 – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother</a> and Princess Margaret meet the <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a></li> <li>5 May 1961 – Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh pay an Official Visit to the Vatican City, calling on Pope John XXIII.</li> <li>17 October 1980 – Queen Elizabeth II, with Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, pays her first State Visit to the Holy See and meets <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li>1982 – Pastoral Visit of Pope John Paul II in Scotland</li> <li>29 August 1985 – <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles, Prince of Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a> meet Pope John Paul II</li> <li>9 December 1985 – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kent" title="Prince Michael of Kent">Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Michael_of_Kent" title="Princess Michael of Kent">Princess Michael of Kent</a> meet Pope John Paul II</li> <li>10 April 1990 – Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh meets Pope John Paul II</li> <li>3 November 1994 – <a href="/wiki/Katharine,_Duchess_of_Kent" title="Katharine, Duchess of Kent">Katharine, Duchess of Kent</a> meets Pope John Paul II</li> <li>17 October 2000 – Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh meet Pope John Paul II</li> <li>2005 – <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles, Prince of Wales</a> attends the funeral of Pope John Paul II</li> <li>27 April 2009 – <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles, Prince of Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall</a> meet <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li>16 September 2010 – State visit of Pope Benedict XVI in Scotland.</li> <li>3 April 2014 – Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh meet <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li>27 April 2014 – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birgitte,_Duchess_of_Gloucester" title="Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester">Brigitte, Duchess of Gloucester</a> meet Pope Francis on the occasion of canonisation of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>4 April 2017 – <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles, Prince of Wales</a> meets Pope Francis</li> <li>13 April 2019 – <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles, Prince of Wales</a> meets Pope Francis on the occasion of canonisation of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Great_Britain" title="Apostolic Nunciature to Great Britain">Apostolic Nunciature to Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ambassadors_from_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to the Holy See">List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Scotland">Roman Catholicism in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Ireland">Roman Catholicism in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in the United Kingdom">Roman Catholicism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in England and Wales">Roman Catholicism in England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Italy–United Kingdom relations">Italy–United Kingdom relations</a> (covering the present territory of the former Papal States)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kunz, "The Status of the Holy See in International Law" 46 American Journal of International Law (1952) pp. 309-313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010223175311/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus-roman-curia_en.html">"Pastor Bonus; Section II"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus-roman-curia_en.html">the original</a> on 23 February 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pastor+Bonus%3B+Section+II&rft.pub=The+Holy+See&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Fapost_constitutions%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_apc_19880628_pastor-bonus-roman-curia_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/library/docs_le13sn.htm">"CATHOLIC LIBRARY: Saepe Nos (1888)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CATHOLIC+LIBRARY%3A+Saepe+Nos+%281888%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Flibrary%2Fdocs_le13sn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1949/05/11/page/1/article/princess-has-brief-visit-with-pope">"Princess has brief visit with Pope"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. 28 May 1949.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Princess+has+brief+visit+with+Pope&rft.date=1949-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1949%2F05%2F11%2Fpage%2F1%2Farticle%2Fprincess-has-brief-visit-with-pope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/speeches/1974/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19740601_pace-irlanda_en.html">"Message for the peace in Ireland, 1 June 1974 - Paul VI"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Message+for+the+peace+in+Ireland%2C+1+June+1974+-+Paul+VI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fpaul_vi%2Fspeeches%2F1974%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_spe_19740601_pace-irlanda_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1980/may/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19800522_plenipotentiary-greatbritain_it.html">"All'Inviato Straordinario e Ministro Plenipotenziario di Gran Bretagna presso la Santa Sede in occasione della presentazione delle Lettere Credenziali (22 maggio 1980) - Giovanni Paolo II"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All%27Inviato+Straordinario+e+Ministro+Plenipotenziario+di+Gran+Bretagna+presso+la+Santa+Sede+in+occasione+della+presentazione+delle+Lettere+Credenziali+%2822+maggio+1980%29+-+Giovanni+Paolo+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Fspeeches%2F1980%2Fmay%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_spe_19800522_plenipotentiary-greatbritain_it.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1980/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19801017_regina-elisabetta_en.html">"To Queen Elizabeth II of England (17 October 1980) - John Paul II"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+Queen+Elizabeth+II+of+England+%2817+October+1980%29+-+John+Paul+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Fspeeches%2F1980%2Foctober%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_spe_19801017_regina-elisabetta_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724070339/http://ukinholysee.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/pdf1/speech">"Speech by British Ambassador to the Holy See Nigel Marcus Baker to Pope Benedict XVI on the presentation of Credentials"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukinholysee.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/pdf1/speech">the original</a> on 24 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+by+British+Ambassador+to+the+Holy+See+Nigel+Marcus+Baker+to+Pope+Benedict+XVI+on+the+presentation+of+Credentials&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukinholysee.fco.gov.uk%2Fresources%2Fen%2Fpdf%2Fpdf1%2Fspeech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2006" class="citation news cs1">Owen, Richard (9 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article786595.ece">"Britain sparks row with Vatican over proposal to close embassy"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Britain+sparks+row+with+Vatican+over+proposal+to+close+embassy&rft.date=2006-01-09&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2Feuropean_football%2Farticle786595.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8019885.stm">"Charles and Camilla meet the Pope"</a>. BBC News. 27 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Charles+and+Camilla+meet+the+Pope&rft.date=2009-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F8019885.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120714162103/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/683048702.html?dids=683048702:683048702&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+02,+1982&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Pope+Appeals+for+Unity+of+2+Faiths+in+Scotland&pqatl=google">"Los Angeles Times: Archives - Pope Appeals for Unity of 2 Faiths in Scotland"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/683048702.html?dids=683048702:683048702&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jun%2002,%201982&author=&pub=Los%20Angeles%20Times&desc=Pope%20Appeals%20for%20Unity%20of%202%20Faiths%20in%20Scotland&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 14 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+Angeles+Times%3A+Archives+-+Pope+Appeals+for+Unity+of+2+Faiths+in+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Flatimes%2Faccess%2F683048702.html%3Fdids%3D683048702%3A683048702%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DJun%252002%2C%25201982%26author%3D%26pub%3DLos%2520Angeles%2520Times%26desc%3DPope%2520Appeals%2520for%2520Unity%2520of%25202%2520Faiths%2520in%2520Scotland%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131195937/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/816862291.html?dids=816862291:816862291&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr+03,+2005&author=Jenifer+Johnston&pub=Sunday+Herald&desc=SUNBURN+AND+SONGS:+THE+MEMORIES+OF+BELLAHOUSTON+THE+PAPAL+VISIT+TO+SCOTLAND+It+was+summer,+1982,+and+Pope+John+Paul+II+was+in+Scotland.+His+mass+at+Glasgow's+Bellahouston+park+touched+thousands&pqatl=google">"SUNBURN AND SONGS: THE MEMORIES OF BELLAHOUSTON THE PAPAL VISIT TO SCOTLAND It was summer, 1982, and Pope John Paul II was in Scotland. His mass at Glasgow's Bellahouston park touched thousands"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/816862291.html?dids=816862291:816862291&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr%2003,%202005&author=Jenifer%20Johnston&pub=Sunday%20Herald&desc=SUNBURN%20AND%20SONGS:%20THE%20MEMORIES%20OF%20BELLAHOUSTON%20THE%20PAPAL%20VISIT%20TO%20SCOTLAND%20It%20was%20summer,%201982,%20and%20Pope%20John%20Paul%20II%20was%20in%20Scotland.%20His%20mass%20at%20Glasgow%27s%20Bellahouston%20park%20touched%20thousands&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 31 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SUNBURN+AND+SONGS%3A+THE+MEMORIES+OF+BELLAHOUSTON+THE+PAPAL+VISIT+TO+SCOTLAND+It+was+summer%2C+1982%2C+and+Pope+John+Paul+II+was+in+Scotland.+His+mass+at+Glasgow%27s+Bellahouston+park+touched+thousands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fsmgpubs%2Faccess%2F816862291.html%3Fdids%3D816862291%3A816862291%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DApr%252003%2C%25202005%26author%3DJenifer%2520Johnston%26pub%3DSunday%2520Herald%26desc%3DSUNBURN%2520AND%2520SONGS%3A%2520THE%2520MEMORIES%2520OF%2520BELLAHOUSTON%2520THE%2520PAPAL%2520VISIT%2520TO%2520SCOTLAND%2520It%2520was%2520summer%2C%25201982%2C%2520and%2520Pope%2520John%2520Paul%2520II%2520was%2520in%2520Scotland.%2520His%2520mass%2520at%2520Glasgow%2527s%2520Bellahouston%2520park%2520touched%2520thousands%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082837/http://news.msn.com/world/britains-queen-meeting-pope-gives-him-eggs-whiskey-beer">"News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.msn.com/world/britains-queen-meeting-pope-gives-him-eggs-whiskey-beer">the original</a> on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.msn.com%2Fworld%2Fbritains-queen-meeting-pope-gives-him-eggs-whiskey-beer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/members-of-the-royal-family-take-part-in-canonisation-mass">"Members of the Royal Family take part in Canonisation Mass"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Members+of+the+Royal+Family+take+part+in+Canonisation+Mass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fmembers-of-the-royal-family-take-part-in-canonisation-mass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+See%E2%80%93United+Kingdom+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Additional sources</dt></dl> <ul><li>Thomas E. Hachey (ed.), <i>Anglo–Vatican Relations 1914–1939: Confidential Annual Reports of the British Ministers to the Holy See</i> (Boston, 1972)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101115122617/http%3A//ukinholysee.fco.gov.uk/en/about%2Dus/our%2Dembassy/ambassador/previous%2Dambassador">Information on English-Papal relations, from website of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724070329/http://ukinholysee.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/pdf1/newcastle">"The UK, the Holy See, and diplomacy" Cardinal Hume Memorial Lecture 2010</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_See&#124;link=Holy_See_Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Template:Foreign relations of the Holy See"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of the Holy See"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the Holy See"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_See&#124;link=Holy_See_Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See"><img alt="Holy See" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations of the Holy See</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Algeria–Holy See relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Central African Republic–Holy See relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Holy See relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–Holy See relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="Holy See–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="Holy See–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Holy See"><img alt="Emblem of the Holy See" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Argentina–Holy See relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Brazil–Holy See relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Canada–Holy See relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Chile–Holy See relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Cuba–Holy See relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Holy See–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="Holy See–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Holy See–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Holy See–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Holy See–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Holy See–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Bangladesh–Holy See relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="China–Holy See relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Georgia–Holy See relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Holy See–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Holy See–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Holy See–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Holy See–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Holy See–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Jordan_relations" title="Holy See–Jordan relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Kurdistan_Region_relations" title="Holy See–Kurdistan Region relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Holy See–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Holy See–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="Holy See–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="Holy See–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Holy See–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Holy See–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Holy See–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Holy See–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Holy See–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Holy See–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Holy See–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Holy See–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Holy See–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Holy See–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Holy See–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Albania–Holy See relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Holy See relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Bulgaria–Holy See relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Croatia–Holy See relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="France–Holy See relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Germany–Holy See relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Greece–Holy See relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Holy See–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Holy See–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93North_Macedonia_relations" title="Holy See–North Macedonia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Monaco–Holy See relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Holy See–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Holy See–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Holy See–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Holy See–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Holy See–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Holy See–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See-Papua_New_Guinea_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See-Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Holy See–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Representative_to_the_African_Union" title="Apostolic Representative to the African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_ASEAN" title="Apostolic Nunciature to ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Delegation_to_the_Arab_League" title="Apostolic Delegation to the Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_and_the_United_Nations" title="Holy See and the United Nations">United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations">Observer to the UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_United_Nations_in_Geneva" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva">Observer to the UN in Geneva</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_nunciature" title="Apostolic nunciature">Apostolic nunciature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordats</a></li> <li>Diplomatic missions: <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See">of the Holy See</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Holy See">to the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See">Heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">Legal status of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_foreign_policy_of_the_Holy_See" title="Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See">Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States_(Roman_Curia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)">Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Botswana–United Kingdom relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–United Kingdom relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Egypt–United Kingdom relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kenya–United Kingdom relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Liberia–United Kingdom relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Libya–United Kingdom relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malawi–United Kingdom relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Morocco–United Kingdom relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Mozambique–United Kingdom relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Namibia–United Kingdom relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Rwanda–United Kingdom relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Somalia–United Kingdom relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Somaliland–United Kingdom relations">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="South Africa–United Kingdom relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Sudan–United Kingdom relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Tanzania–United Kingdom relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Uganda–United Kingdom relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="United Kingdom–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="United Kingdom–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–United Kingdom relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Argentina–United Kingdom relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Barbados–United Kingdom relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Belize–United Kingdom relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Brazil–United Kingdom relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Canada–United Kingdom relations">Canada</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_relations" title="Canada–Turks and Caicos Islands relations">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Chile–United Kingdom relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Colombia–United Kingdom relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cuba–United Kingdom relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Grenada–United Kingdom relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Haiti–United Kingdom relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Mexico–United Kingdom relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Peru–United Kingdom relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis–United Kingdom relations">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United Kingdom relations">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">United States</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bermuda–United States relations">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cayman Islands–United States relations">Cayman Islands</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="United Kingdom–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United Kingdom–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Afghanistan–United Kingdom relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Armenia–United Kingdom relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Azerbaijan–United Kingdom relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bahrain–United Kingdom relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bangladesh–United Kingdom relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Brunei–United Kingdom relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cambodia–United Kingdom relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="India–United Kingdom relations">India</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cayman Islands–India relations">Cayman Islands</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Indonesia–United Kingdom relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Iran–United Kingdom relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Iraq–United Kingdom relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Israel–United Kingdom relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Japan–United Kingdom relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Jordan–United Kingdom relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kazakhstan–United Kingdom relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kyrgyzstan–United Kingdom relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malaysia–United Kingdom relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Mongolia–United Kingdom relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Myanmar–United Kingdom relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Nepal–United Kingdom relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="North Korea–United Kingdom relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Oman–United Kingdom relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Pakistan–United Kingdom relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Palestine–United Kingdom relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Philippines–United Kingdom relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Qatar–United Kingdom relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Singapore–United Kingdom relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="South Korea–United Kingdom relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Sri Lanka–United Kingdom relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Syria–United Kingdom relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Taiwan–United Kingdom relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Thailand–United Kingdom relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Turkey–United Kingdom relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="United Kingdom–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam–United Kingdom relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="United Kingdom–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Albania–United Kingdom relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Austria–United Kingdom relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Belgium–United Kingdom relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–United Kingdom relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bulgaria–United Kingdom relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Croatia–United Kingdom relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cyprus–United Kingdom relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Denmark–United Kingdom relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Estonia–United Kingdom relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="France–United Kingdom relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Georgia–United Kingdom relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Germany–United Kingdom relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Greece–United Kingdom relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hungary–United Kingdom relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Iceland–United Kingdom relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Italy–United Kingdom relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kosovo–United Kingdom relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Liechtenstein–United Kingdom relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Lithuania–United Kingdom relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malta–United Kingdom relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Montenegro–United Kingdom relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Netherlands–United Kingdom relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="North Macedonia–United Kingdom relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Norway–United Kingdom relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Poland–United Kingdom relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Portugal–United Kingdom relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Romania–United Kingdom relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="San Marino–United Kingdom relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Serbia–United Kingdom relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Slovakia–United Kingdom relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Spain–United Kingdom relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Sweden–United Kingdom relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Switzerland–United Kingdom relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ukraine–United Kingdom relations">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Australia–United Kingdom relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="New Zealand–United Kingdom relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Papua New Guinea–United Kingdom relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="United Kingdom–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_CPTPP" title="Accession of the United Kingdom to CPTPP">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_International_Monetary_Fund" title="United Kingdom and the International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Latin America–United Kingdom relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_League_of_Nations" title="United Kingdom and the League of Nations">League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_United_Nations" title="United Kingdom and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">British entry into World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom">in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Prime Ministerial overseas trips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:International_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:International relations of the United Kingdom"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy_See–United_Kingdom_relations&oldid=1250573038">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy_See–United_Kingdom_relations&oldid=1250573038</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Category:Holy See–United Kingdom relations">Holy See–United Kingdom relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Category:Bilateral relations of the Holy See">Bilateral relations of the Holy See</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Bilateral relations of the United Kingdom">Bilateral relations of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2024">Articles with dead external links from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2021">Use dmy dates from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2018" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2018">Articles needing additional references from June 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 October 2024, at 06:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-7s9zb","wgBackendResponseTime":127,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.577","walltime":"1.691","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2353,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":127617,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3849,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":67501,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 616.767 1 -total"," 29.54% 182.164 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.45% 132.293 11 Template:Cite_web"," 20.06% 123.741 1 Template:Infobox_bilateral_relations"," 17.62% 108.667 1 Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See"," 17.58% 108.427 2 Template:Navbox"," 11.52% 71.052 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 10.91% 67.308 1 Template:Ambox"," 10.68% 65.857 1 Template:Infobox"," 8.74% 53.915 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.335","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6874880,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.canary-779b7b9966-45c2j","timestamp":"20241128194019","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Holy See\u2013United Kingdom relations","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5886145","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5886145","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-09-17T18:27:38Z","dateModified":"2024-10-11T06:06:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/37\/Holy_See_United_Kingdom_Locator.png","headline":"Papal bilateral diplomacy"}</script> </body> </html>