CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e9bb427efe95ff1',cH: '9i0tP8.mcwpXohyX7qzhMKTZWVtrbh9meDF8WWjyPrM-1732811019-1.2.1.1-sn60JxuN_diAS33GnntMCBeQFhRZL6o7s3bgmICiazcNPqEVZ4CiVHf8yNmfa5Rj',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/2566486.2567965?__cf_chl_tk=j8MyVZgo1VNWf0eRAR9rKQG_ZJhzMaeM3FMSlVhCw9k-1732811019-1.0.1.1-5ueer5wj5FkVkP3rLGUe7mAv26j47ISaFooddWYnIBk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732811019',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/2566486.2567965?__cf_chl_f_tk=j8MyVZgo1VNWf0eRAR9rKQG_ZJhzMaeM3FMSlVhCw9k-1732811019-1.0.1.1-5ueer5wj5FkVkP3rLGUe7mAv26j47ISaFooddWYnIBk",md: "ICKHWXEYc6n.yUgok0LeZRe3XFsp7wOjqJm.EkR3MbE-1732811019-1.2.1.1-4eJHqp65ceKs4RzEXfp43I1bfIgHviBvoYPv8ouFD6xo4QT9CRBnGs1V3XlQvdgrANpqXYUaoW.0dfc2CSFTfhkQCbG0tbai6fnIf4K3V_uEuMU2DwhFXuMX3T7cHAVDOYqYBsVMNA7RiAE22vpITHNQLOks6.dN2Gg.RuUBoULmgc5jNBMqUXPsyxm8ZY6sGWtnxZxPJOoEcd9SESoArskiG5DjoYmXZjPHrHF0o8BskJ88mFAG5.yH.lIkEvQ9dnUqqml1.tGqKSECzusdeDJ._aJr_OTdgCkwbh3wUeCQcloabloaITGYcASMRANejI3xQwDNN_N28Y5avagC0FBvDtpS93i_1.p8UiLoFAce3GEKXfl5ssUG1DK4XutFEMfcFJ1tW0S89xrrM..hxOFfXLaXe8dxMID6LF6ANxB9PVN_0AMT3a7KBpi51uW2hmNQdvka_rmyJQLyvSmwCWBq8dEFLJ9Af0tJvUBUm613c415p9JniEgt5rQ6UjMqNhtmzwr9knpHcoyOEmauvq1UObQJH70ch8nD8VoJ_Vv1fqFTdq7ui_SsaMmBb5HwUD_a9hjOz5Iw6e6ZKS0ADo5ermCWnBhAC4gD6hpRijy0rNaiAnSPSmtkBy7SITq_ktkw6mGLVqF4mW38WWKSUfaqqQao4rB_XG98VwU9dfyJ9uK8NoMMx_K..n3L2ej4apRxq.NtwgsFrtBF9sWNHhnrCCGn2guscM9A6pStL2E6K0130DPWCJDoMtYYhBfbvacP1W_COOtjEoCikB958rkNC9Lz2M8hLa9YSDOe9X9igf7FkHmXpsXml5WfywQT96XfPG_hESYBx11H6R5KDRpib4cLwB7sceMybEMHcH3la3zhJbeT8mqZStHsNYAq.nRIlIk82qUHwtzczbhKo1XyKHaD_NjA28Fo7v1NR1YUCOQMsH7MvYW7FMnXpVsFZQG0stPXb_TxQyjl2ANOqbnm1w_i64TMVtZfOUuXe1fz7qHM4Ia5DIoHOMMxt7rIEGQXC9IK39TRWAs9lTTmluYpki9MUi.J9m1_ShmWVnF.qyjCCynPUrXcoR0wX7nsULGXOsqoOl3GxpZ0syOUmynTTfaY73n1m1V6ByrjfKO.Z4qFpzxtDSz_b0bcImNRk.ho2TsNSJRAiy5TJBiJvoxQrmX59L9mItJwksrsA2.uKWe9u6de5NMeYFNfmYU5aHsOZsO0oYVGppMv63LiaxYAjVhfm0IQzjb.St2y9zuYzlLg7BOZAh.DPJZuKHjF7.W8JzvTZqpZ.EapMeKeZ1164OPZcLT8uYVSI5Q1HAmI5ksYI4rIgShVJ.BBEhoG2cliXkJ1uFkDPTbB4DyqNq4liKlQh4txe.pi28QARopsAkFJyVZeponT0ojKXinH2sMbtbpDw6ZAUB6SaLAzkbQdMwvw355bG22OID9KDu9rWiZCkvhjusWVLDnUQ.7Z3Ns5R2bs33Re8fKrGm27iAf8aPOZwcJtZ322wgaBojl5KQShK.ux.1oOoYo_Edh8GATvp2BijSzK8rnCAfBH2PcG6oQAQGXeRwLKX9WLhHHGlORJIdl207klf4dvXzGm2yyujwlDArwMaWbixBdaLEbbUoFShRYpN7g2UOSID5XA7lQnWhhkxHd3x0inai013RzkaTy4ovHNiHXIgM_djWqd22qt9fW84.fBr_NR3RmR27PNHu1K.7UZHDg8YkqxTMOrg2ssGlqaRfGG0bmEbTljK0.txbUOJ_.T7BaJB1B_8YnkEVzFAwEeIYmHpFlf.ZyswInAyndXoDpfeVWwMZNqG7xzw0Ew8C4KTwAP1EuyjzgMsfEpI4C.b6Sk41WR6OKTkJilbF72uOZV9.LCSI7LppIyNW9R9llPTj_wtBSj4iGlGIoZsRhk7gFDCsKzGljCXTZMWw0OidlY7aDYDGsG_zPg_5NROCjvDPyIu4RytZWNZmm1rSQwowKLHkM4LQj7O3NLXIrhxHMjbKr877l7vXzQMXQMPwJWg5Q6lQFdtARHiZyJUrX8gzlJmmM2P9_vU_ZhmAH02LH7btxnjBCSu26baVCQ7ImxiHiSBXpR46ngLoMZPbr7nfytz_KYPR3_S5Hq98wcuJolsc50PBxWA9lGhCe74fnOFYgd6z.7J1Qc5PPg4HFUVvZIAdAc9sQ7A6BougxCNx1ZCFboNMbfk6tPZY1eHAy0wfjYyzjIPoRblh6R0lnz2Bct2w6WlUlBn.moHgoTuhFyn2BgYwXPLpPx.Xb5X7ZCWasDkyrfgusOxC809mdo1ds_.h93BWwlzbhDx8OcsFW2hkkmgJ6Alm2ZOlisJFb4w.mJreMsOneTWCRXxgsVv2uHzZQurGlTDkBkvsyy6K86i9g67cFdF_kM6CjTlapJapQA8aXezYG5LO00Rkq_Bz0hotfG2zA9IDs1MVke_wghhqQoV43XXR0fmxujEBpkU0LvnuVkS8lfCLmKyIuPyZdrwVk8b4G.RbYbqaxJ7yICRhByou06o8_HCj0T7nQ852JkynARFZHan8vgeUNzgooBrOoGboesX8pLwRFQyZhfb8bxdesveHE7foO_J_eixHVJ6LZwILVAc8K43YjpQwspMgueVWW6bf13Vn7TgcdnetrT_UR2_g1g97W7XrjSgD_B._z2HMiZN0n6zn0i27pC9ovwBvndc9pdLiVA3UW_W6HeQxZvpjTDo4w3H6Nt3dtP.HLSM4Lknv0e6s85k0gAQ9ITDl.iPeUaqhXf8lpykCgong4gz13LCf9ZZ8IaHTHfxjotT.45eL5D9NiuLHodOPZuyb6P9H1YwJDZdmbwctdUDc4Vg1lyKV31jrIFcMPRxVFojaZLPFMAoiszScLy8d4hG6.FW_RSc9FSbqDpj2KRb2ae9M56pHuk10z.O8TurkTGweqNmzpWhDJ3pg4_r2nQQHVJG5xNJZT.JhEsohibSdCPby1Wrbl.nlw6bnsK3vLE3q0PqRUf57DQOD6mWIbR",mdrd: "dBPq1aDuYvrlg1zSCmo1mHdPIHGTl8gD66vJV11SYb4-1732811019-1.2.1.1-5RWmNQsN51t7HBExCyjnHx1LduCNLfOPht2tik3D0fhZjNXg7SjT6HlGh26MGKWYV31CswhfgZykMwsZv.7lFdZkZZ3o2i_P_BQunijsoWcWL.S9Lfyc_MGOodNU2c6UmPE35NGs3uJuHtzP6.7yqMIBACPoE6yKqO6iICuZ9Me4uOAFtRYyVD326t_1eMJMKKmWgIXkshlPqFmg0Tc5GrckuKOOxP00fizIkNXTJWfa2tE.gTllr_pHVfRZhNh0IvbK.MNdDawlRjP7Q8BJCZ_5Kbz_e7hmL3VoahGESaIOJmuHCj7MHZeKNLe_GiTAXTr3cdibSyx0Sih9RS_m8b.jtZQodBwy1S1kmYOe4IRWGQDgJ5XYbqYuBM3_DZDiGT0U0OW96LkzhLbsrOOEgV2D9r6dOUBryrmkj9DWVfKTm_vXLpsF0BSQ1fLxSfmNTE2A98_qzMErcC_Z30u5uwBO6j4dZfzK0mdFPLCgyRmSCmW44v37SolDj3_4iUHXf8WSqdjNUHEvjad3x.RsV9VitQkXFgCxl_65C9Aiqj8PVSYjq9jKnHOfuO3BqWOsfPx9ot0GHhAwv2QNqIUfE6FSFeNykgm_NlsAoQOoN3fimFnFTvytRj4Rd38MqVZOyawm6YCx.bWmEFEiq956.3eInuvkLfGRwzDv.t8jk918fV9Ot.6A.lB0mBrMGclFW30pQSorVPiQAfwtphOKrTUt9j1vtZx58UXSLG_mNY0aYSx_ho.Eg3G._QWpTpU0HDYE1nuQcvFPg6TtTWSu5douNGtDf9P2lT235dh7nBsuyLNwmrQL0053Ac190SJYbvJ4TpmwnFJPbU7AChDJDdySOPYgYED1W4F0wYlBMa4kr0bLUe_4XrRk6SbklQhqZBPUs9UhVECaTXSJF1pZwtjs57d6UhJiDvlazCOY76hctVmoF.x0pD6dOCoPqtiNpBHoDoagGkMo2IIAp.M5XNhonu55tE5hrNbWGLJT6FTwISPiEhURSpBTTlqRwgTbquN9tki._GSsNLdZiAvzC_a0QeQuk8YjDLX53pzfkQHkZwgTrCKUleQXTZqt_doFUFQ96WxhFR5iCzsC4i330460bv_BE_IjeXGySxZ9Mio_KO34ODRF.bYBHGDbM37VxETzSrxFjD5K5acN61G1u4ZJS0suBprESNrx4jNYXKvBakb3KYN6dhrR93d0zJLCdJJ9GLBccwMKoXS.Sojfo4HTvUuQSKEZ8QxbZP6OTocOiGmJAxg3cCQ8dKjtt35kCtglfB9QIoEkREUYU9mAFu8DX4dXisCdAZvQqrDYrLdgoB2IFGUCAf1RCi5guWHN4rjIdokattbMqvbA06YYD3cjX6i_IEEVcbskJ9CmL1HbM8OoR3x93EpUnAoBo3_YGPcRb4AYTZS555xlZRqBc.AuTpdTFEK3Al02bH5MNE1MT_7sfC1ir.7iKvysSMWRgd5gUiZU_PMBQG_0IuKwGZP_QnYHJDDbeMrO147s00f4ikmnAi8DyGIWT3Nbml7D6w6MtE2T.2WlXn9NjikuRMsGSfAXr_Qz9LYgNV9o3heRxLzj4DOl42QRmptAC.RNBcT7Cpz7u8EJRibZi4SIh2RsmE3YnlBzV.eIy8KHRes7P3tk5QuiJKtGEbx7ZJX_bNVsq_Tw662LijTar2B5c8BXHZ5VZXbxtVhKu2t22Ypnt9ygV71pAAZyu4DMFFweaQ.xgaVvsDfoR1YRf5vMDkZkgSH2V7uCIUBf3.lJaKiNk37hUmHEcur5srfDA6rRwkqkl5STQiq8kOCmzZafq3HY9yPQcV67hnHujdVf7mxCTT_V5vGbiHiEYFgmy.CUC_Nsz_Y9fOU8yfwG2m1D7LCVVnFeQ9IEqrRMLaPfJuloCTObvChWO2lTknXbp4zv0wjeVMRlR_TezxSGQOQCOw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e9bb427efe95ff1';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/2566486.2567965?__cf_chl_rt_tk=j8MyVZgo1VNWf0eRAR9rKQG_ZJhzMaeM3FMSlVhCw9k-1732811019-1.0.1.1-5ueer5wj5FkVkP3rLGUe7mAv26j47ISaFooddWYnIBk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>