Project File Infection, Technique T0873 - ICS

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Check out the <a href='https://medium.com/mitre-attack/attack-v16-561c76af94cf'>blog post</a> for more information. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/techniques/ics">Techniques</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/techniques/ics">ICS</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Project File Infection</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> Project File Infection </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may attempt to infect project files with malicious code. These project files may consist of objects, program organization units, variables such as tags, documentation, and other configurations needed for PLC programs to function. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Beckhoff TwinCAT 3 Source Control: Project Files Retrieved. 2019/11/21 "data-reference="Beckhoff"><sup><a href="https://infosys.beckhoff.com/english.php?content=../content/1033/tc3_sourcecontrol/18014398915785483.html&id=" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> Using built in functions of the engineering software, adversaries may be able to download an infected program to a PLC in the operating environment enabling further <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0104">Execution</a> and <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0110">Persistence</a> techniques. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PLCdev Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 Siemens SIMATIC Step 7 Programmer's Handbook Retrieved. 2019/11/21 "data-reference="PLCdev"><sup><a href="http://www.plcdev.com/book/export/html/373" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span> </p><p>Adversaries may export their own code into project files with conditions to execute at specific intervals. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 "data-reference="Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011"><sup><a href="https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span> Malicious programs allow adversaries control of all aspects of the process enabled by the PLC. Once the project file is downloaded to a PLC the workstation device may be disconnected with the infected project file still executing. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PLCdev Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 Siemens SIMATIC Step 7 Programmer's Handbook Retrieved. 2019/11/21 "data-reference="PLCdev"><sup><a href="http://www.plcdev.com/book/export/html/373" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T0873 </div> </div>  <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-techniques: </span> No sub-techniques </div> </div>  <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactic:</span> <a href="/versions/v16/tactics/TA0110">Persistence</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>None </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>1.0 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>21 May 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>13 October 2023 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button permalink"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T0873" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T0873/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T0873" href="/techniques/T0873/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0603"> S0603 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0603"> Stuxnet </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0603">Stuxnet</a> copies itself into Step 7 projects in such a way that it automatically executes when the Step 7 project is loaded. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 "data-reference="Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien February 2011"><sup><a href="https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="assets">Targeted Assets</h2> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2" aria-describedby="asset-table"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Asset</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/assets/A0001"> A0001 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/assets/A0001"> Workstation </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M0947"> M0947 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M0947"> Audit </a> </td> <td> <p>Review the integrity of project files to verify they have not been modified by adversary behavior. Verify a cryptographic hash for the file with a known trusted version, or look for other indicators of modification (e.g., timestamps).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M0945"> M0945 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M0945"> Code Signing </a> </td> <td> <p>Allow for code signing of any project files stored at rest to prevent unauthorized tampering. Ensure the signing keys are not easily accessible on the same system.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M0941"> M0941 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M0941"> Encrypt Sensitive Information </a> </td> <td> <p>When at rest, project files should be encrypted to prevent unauthorized changes. <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology 2013, April Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations Retrieved. 2020/09/17 "data-reference="National Institute of Standards and Technology April 2013"><sup><a href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-53r4.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M0922"> M0922 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M0922"> Restrict File and Directory Permissions </a> </td> <td> <p>Ensure permissions restrict project file access to only engineer and technician user groups and accounts.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0022"> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/datasources/DS0022">DS0022</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/versions/v16/datasources/DS0022">File</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0022/#File%20Modification">File Modification</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for unexpected changes to project files, although if the malicious modification occurs in tandem with legitimate changes it will be difficult to isolate the unintended changes by analyzing only file systems modifications.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://infosys.beckhoff.com/english.php?content=../content/1033/tc3_sourcecontrol/18014398915785483.html&id=" target="_blank"> Beckhoff TwinCAT 3 Source Control: Project Files Retrieved. 2019/11/21 </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="http://www.plcdev.com/book/export/html/373" target="_blank"> PLCdev Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 Siemens SIMATIC Step 7 Programmer's Handbook Retrieved. 2019/11/21 </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="3.0"> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2011/02/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf" target="_blank"> Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, Eric Chien 2011, February W32.Stuxnet Dossier (Version 1.4) Retrieved. 2017/09/22 </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-53r4.pdf" target="_blank"> National Institute of Standards and Technology 2013, April Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations Retrieved. 2020/09/17 </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner">  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