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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Framl%C3%B6g_m%C3%ADn" title="Listi yfir breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Framlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Heiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Heiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Saga</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saga-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Saga undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fornaldarsaga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fornaldarsaga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fornaldarsaga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fornaldarsaga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Djengis_Khan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djengis_Khan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Djengis Khan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Djengis_Khan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Þrjár_hirðir_í_Kasakstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Þrjár_hirðir_í_Kasakstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Þrjár hirðir í Kasakstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Þrjár_hirðir_í_Kasakstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasakstan_undir_stjórn_Rússa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasakstan_undir_stjórn_Rússa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kasakstan undir stjórn Rússa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasakstan_undir_stjórn_Rússa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kommúnismi_og_Sovétríkin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kommúnismi_og_Sovétríkin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kommúnismi og Sovétríkin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kommúnismi_og_Sovétríkin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stalín_og_Bækónúr-skotpallurinn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalín_og_Bækónúr-skotpallurinn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Stalín og Bækónúr-skotpallurinn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stalín_og_Bækónúr-skotpallurinn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazarbaev_og_Lýðveldið_Kasakstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazarbaev_og_Lýðveldið_Kasakstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Nazarbaev og Lýðveldið Kasakstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazarbaev_og_Lýðveldið_Kasakstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasakstan_í_dag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasakstan_í_dag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Kasakstan í dag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasakstan_í_dag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stjórnmál" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stjórnmál"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Stjórnmál</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stjórnmál-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Stjórnmál undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stjórnmál-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ríkisstjórn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ríkisstjórn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ríkisstjórn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ríkisstjórn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fylki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fylki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fylki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fylki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landfræði" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landfræði"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Landfræði</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landfræði-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efnahagsmál" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efnahagsmál"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Efnahagsmál</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Efnahagsmál-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Efnahagsmál undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Efnahagsmál-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Auðvaldið" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auðvaldið"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Auðvaldið</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auðvaldið-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazakhstan_2030" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazakhstan_2030"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Kazakhstan 2030</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazakhstan_2030-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gjaldmiðill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gjaldmiðill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Gjaldmiðill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gjaldmiðill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landbúnaður" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landbúnaður"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Landbúnaður</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landbúnaður-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samgöngur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samgöngur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Samgöngur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samgöngur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Íbúar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Íbúar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Íbúar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Íbúar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Íbúar undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Íbúar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tungumál" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tungumál"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tungumál</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tungumál-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menntun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menntun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Menntun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menntun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Menning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Menning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Menning undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Menning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hátíðisdagar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hátíðisdagar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Hátíðisdagar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hátíðisdagar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Matur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trúarbrögð" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trúarbrögð"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Trúarbrögð</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trúarbrögð-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fólk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fólk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Fólk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fólk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tónlist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tónlist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Tónlist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tónlist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tilvísanir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenglar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenglar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tenglar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenglar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kasakstan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 277 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-277" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">277 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9E%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҟазахсҭан – abkasíska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҟазахсҭан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – akkíska" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="akkíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – adýge" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adýge" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – afríkanska" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afríkanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – svissnesk þýska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svissnesk þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – suðuraltaíska" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="suðuraltaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ካዛክስታን – amharíska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካዛክስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A1n" title="Cazaquistán – aragonska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cazaquistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casahstan" title="Casahstan – fornenska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Casahstan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकिस्तान – angíka" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कजाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angíka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%99%DC%A9%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ – arameíska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখাস্তান – assamska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাজাখাস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1n" title="Kazakstán – astúríska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kazakstán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазахъистан – avaríska" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъазахъистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – avadí" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasaq_suyu" title="Qasaq suyu – aímara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qasaq suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aímara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan" title="Qazaxıstan – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qazaxıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازاخیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قازاخیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаҙағстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – balíska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstans" title="Kazakstans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kazakstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahistan" title="Kasahistan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kasahistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकिस्तान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कजाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – bíslama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bíslama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তান – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজাখস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%9F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀཟ་ཀ་སྟན། – tíbeska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀཟ་ཀ་སྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tíbeska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কাজাখস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – bretónska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨀᨍᨀᨔᨈᨊ – búgíska" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨍᨀᨔᨈᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="búgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Kazajistán – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кхазакхстан – tsjetsjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кхазакхстан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasakstan" title="Khasakstan – kebúanó" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Khasakstan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="kebúanó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%8E%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%95%E1%8F%82" title="ᎧᏎᎧᏍᏕᏂ – Cherokee-mál" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᏎᎧᏍᏕᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee-mál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازاخستان – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کازاخستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacchistanu" title="Cazacchistanu – korsíska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cazacchistanu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazahistan" title="Qazahistan – krímtyrkneska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qazahistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krímtyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachst%C3%A1n" title="Kazachstán – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kazachstán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – kasúbíska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasúbíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Каꙁахстанъ – kirkjuslavneska" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Каꙁахстанъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkjuslavneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – sjúvas" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="sjúvas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Casachstan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan" title="Qazaxıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qazaxıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – lágsorbneska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lágsorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%92%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ކަޒަކިސްތާން – dívehí" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަޒަކިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dívehí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C4%A5io" title="Kazaĥio – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazaĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Kazajistán – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahstan" title="Kasahstan – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasahstan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazast%C3%A1n" title="Cazastán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cazastán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – fúla" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fúla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasastan" title="Kasastan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kasastan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – færeyska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færeyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstaan" title="Kasachstaan – norðurfrísneska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kasachstaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="norðurfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazachie" title="Cazachie – fríúlska" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cazachie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="fríúlska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – vesturfrísneska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vesturfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chasacst%C3%A1in" title="An Chasacstáin – írska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chasacstáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – gagás" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagás" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachst%C3%A0n" title="Casachstàn – skosk gelíska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Casachstàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skosk gelíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casaquist%C3%A1n" title="Casaquistán – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Casaquistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahit%C3%A3" title="Kasahitã – gvaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kasahitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझाकस्तान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कझाकस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="કઝાકિસ્તાન – gújaratí" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કઝાકિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gújaratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chassaghstaan" title="Yn Chassaghstaan – manska" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chassaghstaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – hása" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hása" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakana" title="Kasakana – havaíska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kasakana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%96%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="קזחסטן – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קזחסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कज़ाख़िस्तान – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कज़ाख़िस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – hásorbneska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hásorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – haítíska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haítíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahszt%C3%A1n" title="Kazahsztán – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazahsztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ղազախստան – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղազախստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ղազախիստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ղազախիստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Qazaqstan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – ígbó" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ígbó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – ílokó" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ílokó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="ГӀазакхстане – ingús" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀазакхстане" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – ídó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ídó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%B2%E1%93%B4%E1%92%83%E1%96%A2%E1%93%87_%E1%93%84%E1%93%87" title="ᑲᓴᒃᖢᓇ ᓄᓇ – inúktitút" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑲᓴᒃᖢᓇ ᓄᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inúktitút" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="カザフスタン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カザフスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaxtan" title="Kazaxtan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kazaxtan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kazaksTAN" title="kazaksTAN – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kazaksTAN" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ყაზახეთი – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყაზახეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qazaqstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaxestan" title="Kazaxestan – kabíle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kazaxestan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabíle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Къазахъстэн – kabardíska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къазахъстэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakisitan%C9%A9" title="Kazakisitanɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kazakisitanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – kongóska" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongóska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қазақстан – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қазақстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន – kmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ಥಾನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ಥಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="카자흐스탄 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카자흐스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – kómí-permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="kómí-permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазакъстан – karasaíbalkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къазакъстан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karasaíbalkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – kasmírska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasmírska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaxistan" title="Qazaxistan – kúrdíska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qazaxistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – komíska" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Kazagh" title="Pow Kazagh – kornbreska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Kazagh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornbreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакстан – kirgiska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Казакстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstania" title="Kazachstania – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kazachstania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – ladínska" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – lúxemborgíska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lúxemborgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазахсттан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Къазахсттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазакъстан – lesgíska" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къазакъстан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – limbúrgíska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbúrgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Casachstan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1ni" title="Kazakstáni – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kazakstáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ຄາຊັກສະຖານ – laó" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາຊັກສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstanas" title="Kazachstanas – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazachstanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaheja" title="Kazaheja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kazaheja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahst%C4%81na" title="Kazahstāna – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kazahstāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – madúrska" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madúrska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – maítílí" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maítílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A0na" title="Kazakstàna – malagasíska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kazakstàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katat%C4%81nga" title="Katatānga – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Katatānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – mínangkabá" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="mínangkabá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="കസാഖ്സ്ഥാൻ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കസാഖ്സ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – mongólska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯓꯥꯈꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ – manípúrí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯓꯥꯈꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manípúrí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझाकस्तान – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कझाकस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BCakistan" title="Każakistan – maltneska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Każakistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquiston" title="Cazaquiston – mirandesíska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cazaquiston" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကာဇက်စတန်နိုင်ငံ – búrmneska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဇက်စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="búrmneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Казахстан Мастор – ersja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Казахстан Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ersja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="قزاقستون – masanderaní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قزاقستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="masanderaní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – lágþýska; lágsaxneska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lágþýska; lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – lágsaxneska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – nepalska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – nevarí" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – norðursótó" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="norðursótó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bil%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81%CA%BC_%C5%83deiltihii_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bilį́į́ʼ Ńdeiltihii Dineʼé Bikéyah – navahó" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilį́į́ʼ Ńdeiltihii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navahó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaazaakistaan" title="Kaazaakistaan – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaazaakistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="କାଜାଖସ୍ତାନ – óría" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଜାଖସ୍ତାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="óría" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазахстан – ossetíska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъазахстан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕ਼ਜ਼ਾਕ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ – púnjabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ਼ਜ਼ਾਕ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="púnjabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – pangasínmál" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasínmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazastan" title="Kazastan – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kazastan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – papíamentó" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papíamentó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकस्थान – palí" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कजाकस्थान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="palí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstaan" title="Kazakstaan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kazakstaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – pastú" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Cazaquistão – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cazaquistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasaqsuyu" title="Qasaqsuyu – kvesjúa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qasaqsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kvesjúa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – rómanska" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rómanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – arúmenska" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakisitani" title="Kazakisitani – kínjarvanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kazakisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kínjarvanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="कजाखस्थानम् – sanskrít" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कजाखस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrít" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстаан – jakút" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Казахстаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakút" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ – santalí" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachist%C3%A0n" title="Kazachistàn – sardínska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kazachistàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – sikileyska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikileyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – skoska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – sindí" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – norðursamíska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="norðursamíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၸၢၵ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ – sjan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၸၢၵ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="sjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="කසක්ස්තානය – singalíska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කසක්ස්තානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakisitana" title="Kasakisitana – samóska" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kasakisitana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samóska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – enaresamíska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhistani" title="Kazakhistani – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kazakhistani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – sómalska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="sómalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistani" title="Kazakistani – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kazakistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhazakhi" title="IKhazakhi – svatí" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhazakhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – suðursótó" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="suðursótó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – súndanska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="súndanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachst%C5%AFn" title="Kazachstůn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kazachstůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கசக்கஸ்தான் – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசக்கஸ்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ತಾನ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కజకస్తాన్ – telúgú" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కజకస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telúgú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistaun" title="Kazakistaun – tetúm" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kazakistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetúm" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Қазоқистон – tadsjikska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қазоқистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศคาซัคสถาน – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศคาซัคสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazagystan" title="Gazagystan – túrkmenska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gazagystan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="túrkmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakistan" title="Kasakistan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kasakistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazaxyston" title="Gazaxyston – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gazaxyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakisitani" title="Kasakisitani – tongverska" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kasakisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – tarókó" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="tarókó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан – tatarska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казакъстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – túmbúka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="túmbúka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – túvínska" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="túvínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – údmúrt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="údmúrt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازاقىستان – úígúr" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قازاقىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="úígúr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – úrdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="úrdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qozogʻiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaz%C3%A0kistan" title="Kazàkistan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kazàkistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasak%C3%A4n" title="Kasakän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kasakän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaxhistan" title="Cazaxhistan – vallónska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cazaxhistan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahistan" title="Kasahistan – varaí" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kasahistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakistaan" title="Kasakistaan – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kasakistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈萨克斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – sósa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="sósa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ყაზახეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყაზახეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קאזאכסטאן – jiddíska" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאזאכסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0s%C3%A0kst%C3%A1n" title="Kàsàkstán – jórúba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kàsàkstán" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jórúba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – súang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="súang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈萨克斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈薩克斯坦 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="哈薩克斯坦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B" title="哈薩克 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈薩克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nafnrými"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Sýna efnissíðuna [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Síða</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spjall:Kasakstan" rel="discussion" title="Spallsíða þessarar síðu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Breyta tungumálaafbrigði" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">íslenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Sýn"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kasakstan"><span>Lesa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit" title="Breyta þessari síðu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Breyta</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit" title="Breyta frumkóða síðunnar [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Breyta frumkóða</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=history" title="Eldri útgáfur af síðunni. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Breytingaskrá</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verkfæri" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verkfæri</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verkfæri</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">fela</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fleiri valkostir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aðgerðir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kasakstan"><span>Lesa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit" title="Breyta þessari síðu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Breyta</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit" title="Breyta frumkóða síðunnar [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Breyta frumkóða</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=history"><span>Breytingaskrá</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Almennt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:S%C3%AD%C3%B0ur_sem_tengjast_hinga%C3%B0/Kasakstan" title="Listi yfir síður sem tengjast í þessa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvað tengist hingað</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:N%C3%BDlegar_breytingar_tengdar/Kasakstan" rel="nofollow" title="Nýlegar breytingar á ítengdum síðum [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Skyldar breytingar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hlaða_inn_skrá" title="Hlaða inn skrám [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Hlaða inn skrá</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0ur" title="Listi yfir kerfissíður [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kerfissíður</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&oldid=1853970" title="Varanlegur tengill í þessa útgáfu síðunnar"><span>Varanlegur tengill</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=info" title="Frekari upplýsingar um þessa síðu"><span>Síðuupplýsingar</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:CiteThisPage&page=Kasakstan&id=1853970&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Upplýsingar um hvernig á að vitna í þessa síðu"><span>Vitna í þessa síðu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fis.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKasakstan"><span>Fá styttan tengil</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fis.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKasakstan"><span>Niðurhlaða QR-kóða</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prenta/flytja út </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kasakstan"><span>Búa til bók</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kasakstan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Sækja sem PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&printable=yes" title="Prentanleg útgáfa af þessari síðu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prentvæn útgáfa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Í öðrum verkefnum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232" title="Tengill á tengdan hlut í gagnagrunni [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata hlutur</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Útlit"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Útlit</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">fela</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Úr Wikipediu, frjálsa alfræðiritinu</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="is" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1751635">.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable 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.infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}</style> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em; font-size:88%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mergedtoprow" style="padding:0.33em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><b>Lýðveldið Kasakstan</b> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><i><b>Қазақстан Республикасы<br />Qazaqstan Respūblīkasy <span style="font-size: 0.7em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Kasakska" title="Kasakska">kasakska</a>)</span><br />Республика Казахстан<br />Respublika Kazakhstan <span style="font-size: 0.7em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">(<a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska">rússneska</a>)</span></b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px solid #BBBBBB;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Kasakstans"><img alt="Fáni Kasakstans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/150px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/200px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> </td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle;max-width:50% !important;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skjaldarmerki Kasakstans"><img alt="Skjaldarmerki Kasakstans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="text-align:center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A1ni_Kasakstans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fáni Kasakstans (síða er ekki enn til)">Fáni</a> </small> </td> <td style="text-align:center" width="50%"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skjaldarmerki_Kasakstans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skjaldarmerki Kasakstans (síða er ekki enn til)">Skjaldarmerki</a> </small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0s%C3%B6ngur" title="Þjóðsöngur">Þjóðsöngur</a>:</b><br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Men%C4%B1%C3%B1_Qazaqstanym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menıñ Qazaqstanym (síða er ekki enn til)">Menıñ Qazaqstanym</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #fff; padding: 0em 0 0em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kazakhstan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kort sem sýnir staðsetningu Kasakstans"><img alt="Staðsetning Kasakstans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borg" title="Höfuðborg">Höfuðborg</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Opinbert_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Opinbert tungumál">Opinbert tungumál</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kasakska" title="Kasakska">Kasakska</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska">rússneska</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><b><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_stj%C3%B3rnarfari" title="Lönd eftir stjórnarfari">Stjórnarfar</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi" title="Lýðveldi">Lýðveldi</a> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forseti_Kasakstans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forseti Kasakstans (síða er ekki enn til)">Forseti</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassym-Jomart_Tokajev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokajev (síða er ekki enn til)">Kassym-Jomart Tokajev</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fors%C3%A6tisr%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_Kasakstans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forsætisráðherra Kasakstans (síða er ekki enn til)">Forsætisráðherra</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alihan_Smaiylov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alihan Smaiylov (síða er ekki enn til)">Alihan Smaiylov</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td class="infobox-data"><b>Sjálfstæði</b> </td> <td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td> • frá <a href="/wiki/Sov%C3%A9tr%C3%ADkin" title="Sovétríkin">Sovétríkjunum</a></td> <td>16. desember 1991  </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Flatarm%C3%A1l" title="Flatarmál">Flatarmál</a></b><br /> • Samtals<br /> • Vatn (%) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_l%C3%B6nd_og_%C3%BAtliggjandi_yfirr%C3%A1%C3%B0asv%C3%A6%C3%B0i_eftir_st%C3%A6r%C3%B0" title="Listi yfir lönd og útliggjandi yfirráðasvæði eftir stærð">9. sæti</a><br />2.724.900 km²<br />1,7 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mannfj%C3%B6ldi" title="Mannfjöldi">Mannfjöldi</a></b><br /> • Samtals (2020)<br /> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%A9ttleiki_bygg%C3%B0ar" title="Þéttleiki byggðar">Þéttleiki byggðar</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_l%C3%B6nd_eftir_mannfj%C3%B6lda" title="Listi yfir lönd eftir mannfjölda">64. sæti</a><br />18.711.560<br />7/km² </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Verg_landsframlei%C3%B0sla" title="Verg landsframleiðsla">VLF</a></b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Kaupm%C3%A1ttarj%C3%B6fnu%C3%B0ur" title="Kaupmáttarjöfnuður">KMJ</a></b>) </td> <td class="infobox-data">áætl. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • Samtals</td> <td>569,813 millj. <a href="/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkjadalur" title="Bandaríkjadalur">dala</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_landsframlei%C3%B0slu_(KMJ)" title="Lönd eftir landsframleiðslu (KMJ)">41. sæti</a>) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • Á mann</td> <td>30.178 dalir (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_landsframlei%C3%B0slu_%C3%A1_mann_(KMJ)" title="Lönd eftir landsframleiðslu á mann (KMJ)">53. sæti</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsitala_um_%C3%BEr%C3%B3un_l%C3%ADfsg%C3%A6%C3%B0a" title="Vísitala um þróun lífsgæða">VÞL</a></b> (2019) </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 0.817 (<a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_l%C3%B6nd_eftir_v%C3%ADsit%C3%B6lu_um_%C3%BEr%C3%B3un_l%C3%ADfsg%C3%A6%C3%B0a" title="Listi yfir lönd eftir vísitölu um þróun lífsgæða">50. sæti</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gjaldmi%C3%B0ill" title="Gjaldmiðill">Gjaldmiðill</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenga (síða er ekki enn til)">Tenga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADmabelti" title="Tímabelti">Tímabelti</a></b> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+5 til +6 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0arl%C3%A9n" title="Þjóðarlén">Þjóðarlén</a></b> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/.kz" title=".kz">.kz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Landsn%C3%BAmer" title="Landsnúmer">Landsnúmer</a></b> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_landsn%C3%BAmer" title="Listi yfir landsnúmer">+7</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kasakstan</b> er stórt <a href="/wiki/Land" title="Land">land</a> sem nær yfir mikinn hluta <a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-As%C3%ADa" title="Mið-Asía">Mið-Asíu</a>. Hluti landsins er vestan <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Aralflj%C3%B3t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úralfljót (síða er ekki enn til)">Úralfljóts</a> og telst til <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Evrópa">Evrópu</a>. Landamæri Kasakstan liggja að <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússlandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%ADna" title="Kína">Kína</a> og Mið-Asíuríkjunum <a href="/wiki/Kirgistan" title="Kirgistan">Kirgistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Asbekistan" title="Úsbekistan">Úsbekistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenistan" title="Túrkmenistan">Túrkmenistan</a> og einnig að strönd <a href="/wiki/Kasp%C3%ADahaf" title="Kaspíahaf">Kaspíahafsins</a>. Kasakstan var áður Sovétlýðveldi en er nú aðili að <a href="/wiki/Samveldi_sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0ra_r%C3%ADkja" title="Samveldi sjálfstæðra ríkja">SSR</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heiti">Heiti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Heiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Heiti"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kasakstan var í upphafi nokkurs konar stórveldi hirðingja. Orðið <i>kasak</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kasakska" title="Kasakska">kk:</a> Қазақ, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska">ru:</a> Казах) sem merkir „frjáls maður“ eða „hirðingi“ á rætur að rekja til <a href="/wiki/Tyrkneska" title="Tyrkneska">tyrknesku</a> (sbr. einnig orðið <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3sakkar" title="Kósakkar">kósakki</a>, sem er af sömu rót). Orðið <i>stan</i> merkir „(föður)land“. Nafn landsins gæti því þýtt „hirðingjaland“. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saga">Saga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Breyti hluta: Saga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Saga"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fornaldarsaga">Fornaldarsaga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Breyti hluta: Fornaldarsaga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Fornaldarsaga"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Árið 500 f.Kr. bjuggu <a href="/wiki/Sakar" title="Sakar">Sakar</a> í Suður-Kasakstan. Sakar voru hirðingjar sem ríktu á svæðum frá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alta%C3%ADfj%C3%B6ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altaífjöll (síða er ekki enn til)">Altaífjöllum</a> til <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Akra%C3%ADna" title="Úkraína">Úkraínu</a>. Þó svo að Sakar væru herskáir, urðu þeir að lúta í lægra haldi fyrir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_mikli" title="Alexander mikli">Alexander mikla</a>. Í grafhýsi rétt utan við Almaty fundust frægar fornleifar, sem nefndar hafa verið „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Issyk_kurgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Issyk kurgan (síða er ekki enn til)">gullni maðurinn</a>“. Þessi „gullni maður“ er sakneskur stríðsmaður í gylltum einkennisbúningi og þykir merkilegur gripur í Kasakstan, sem og í allri Mið-Asíu. </p> <ul><li>Árið 200 f.Kr. bjuggu <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAnar" title="Húnar">Húnar</a> og Tyrkir í <a href="/wiki/Mong%C3%B3l%C3%ADa" title="Mongólía">Mongólíu</a> eða Norður-Kína.</li> <li>Frá 550 til 750 e.Kr. var Suður-Kasakstan undir stjórn <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ktyrkir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köktyrkir (síða er ekki enn til)">Köktyrkneska ríkisins</a> (Blátyrkneska ríkisins).</li> <li>Á <a href="/wiki/9._%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="9. öld">9. öld</a> stofnaði <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saman%C3%ADdar%C3%ADki%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samanídaríkið (síða er ekki enn til)">Samanídaríkið</a> borgirnar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otrar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otrar (síða er ekki enn til)">Otrar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasy (síða er ekki enn til)">Yasy</a>. Veldi þetta lagði líka grunninn að <a href="/wiki/Silkivegurinn" title="Silkivegurinn">Silkiveginum</a>.</li> <li>Á <a href="/wiki/10._%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="10. öld">10. öld</a> sóttu Tyrkir inn í Suður-Kasakstan og <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BArkistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Túrkistan (síða er ekki enn til)">Túrkistan</a> og náðu valdi yfir Silkiveginum. Við það féll Samanídaríkið en menning þess hélt þó enn um sinn velli innan <a href="/wiki/Tyrkjaveldi" title="Tyrkjaveldi">Tyrkjaveldis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Djengis_Khan">Djengis Khan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Breyti hluta: Djengis Khan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Djengis Khan"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Djengis_Khan" title="Djengis Khan">Djengis Khan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mong%C3%B3laveldi%C3%B0" title="Mongólaveldið">heimsveldi Mongólíu</a> lögðu undir sig Kasakstan og Mið-Asíu með stærsta <a href="/wiki/Her" title="Her">her</a> heims á þeim tíma. Í hernum voru yfir 150.000 hermenn. Rétt eftir að Djengis Khan lést var heimsveldinu skipt á milli sona hans og Kasakstan varð hluti af ríki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaghatai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaghatai (síða er ekki enn til)">Chaghatais</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Þrjár_hirðir_í_Kasakstan"><span id=".C3.9Erj.C3.A1r_hir.C3.B0ir_.C3.AD_Kasakstan"></span>Þrjár hirðir í Kasakstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Breyti hluta: Þrjár hirðir í Kasakstan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Þrjár hirðir í Kasakstan"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forfeður Kasaka voru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mong%C3%B3lar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongólar (síða er ekki enn til)">Mongólar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Asbekar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úsbekar (síða er ekki enn til)">Úsbekar</a>. Á <a href="/wiki/16._%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="16. öld">16. öld</a> yfirtóku Kasakar mongólska hirð í Norður-Kasakstan sem hét <a href="/wiki/Gullhir%C3%B0in" class="mw-redirect" title="Gullhirðin">Gullhirðin</a>. Kasakar sameinuðust í þrjár hirðir. Þessar hirðir voru Miklahirðin í Suður-Kasakstan, Miðhirðin í Mið- og Norðaustur-Kasakstan, og Litlahirðin í Vestur-Kasakstan. Yfir hverri hirð voru þrír <a href="/wiki/Kan" title="Kan">kanar</a>. Titlar þeirra voru <i>axíal</i>, <i>bi</i>, og <i>batýr</i>. </p><p>Árin <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a> til <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a> voru tímar stóráfalla í Kasakstan. <a href="/wiki/Ojradar" title="Ojradar">Ojradar</a> frá Mongóliu sögðu Kasakstan, þ.e. hirðunum þremur, stríð á hendur. Hirðirnar þrjár gátu ekki varist þeim þannig að Kasakar tóku þann kost að biðja um aðstoð frá Rússlandi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kasakstan_undir_stjórn_Rússa"><span id="Kasakstan_undir_stj.C3.B3rn_R.C3.BAssa"></span>Kasakstan undir stjórn Rússa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Breyti hluta: Kasakstan undir stjórn Rússa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Kasakstan undir stjórn Rússa"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Á tímum rússneska <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssakeisari" class="mw-redirect" title="Rússakeisari">keisaradæmisins</a> var sífellt verið að stækka ríki þess og yfirtaka önnur landsvæði. Þegar Ojradar réðust inn í Kasakstan, átti þjóðin, eins og áður sagði, engan kost annan en að leita til Rússlands um vernd fyrir þeim. Hirðirnar þrjár hétu Rússlandi hollustu sína árið <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>. Rússar innlimuðu svo Kasakstan eftir að þeir höfðu yfirbugað Ojrada árið <a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>. En að því kom að hirðirnar þrjár vildu ekki lengur vera hluti af Rússlandi og varð þá mikil uppreisn í Kasakstan. Um milljón Kasaka var drepin í þessari uppreisn sem lauk með því að Rússar héldu yfirráðum sínum í landinu. </p><p>Árið <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> sendi Rússland landflótta fólk til Kasakstans. <a href="/wiki/Taras_Sjevtsjenko" title="Taras Sjevtsjenko">Taras Sjevtsjenko</a>, úkraínskur listamaður og rithöfundur sem vildi frelsa Úkraínu, var á meðal þeirra. Meðan á <a href="/wiki/Fyrri_heimsstyrj%C3%B6ldin" title="Fyrri heimsstyrjöldin">fyrri heimsstyrjöldinni</a> stóð var óöld í Kasakstan. Fleiri uppreisnir urðu, um 150.000 manns létu lífið og um 200.000 flúðu til Kína. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kommúnismi_og_Sovétríkin"><span id="Komm.C3.BAnismi_og_Sov.C3.A9tr.C3.ADkin"></span>Kommúnismi og Sovétríkin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Breyti hluta: Kommúnismi og Sovétríkin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Kommúnismi og Sovétríkin"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Árið <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>, rétt eftir að Rússar yfirtóku Kasakstan, stofnaði <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alasj_%C3%93rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alasj Órda (síða er ekki enn til)">Alasj Órda</a> flokk sem hét <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0ernissinnaflokkur_Kasakstans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þjóðernissinnaflokkur Kasakstans (síða er ekki enn til)">Þjóðernissinnaflokkur Kasakstans</a> og hugðist frelsa Kasakstan á ný. Borgarastyrjöldin í Kasakstan var hörmuleg fyrir Kasaka. Með tíð og tíma ákvað Alasj Órda að ganga í lið með <a href="/wiki/Stal%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalín">Stalín</a> og bolsévíkum í Rússlandi. Þegar Kommúnistaflokkur Kasakstans (CPK) náði yfirráðum yfir Kasakstan, eftir að borgarastyrjöldinni lauk, voru Alasj Órda og allir í Þjóðernissinnaflokki Kasakstans myrtir að fyrirskipan Stalíns og Kommúnistaflokks Kasakstans. Margt fólk í Kasakstan var myrt í stjórnartíð Stalíns. Margir aðrir flúðu til Kína og Mongólíu. Kasakstan varð Sovétlýðveldi árið <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stalín_og_Bækónúr-skotpallurinn"><span id="Stal.C3.ADn_og_B.C3.A6k.C3.B3n.C3.BAr-skotpallurinn"></span>Stalín og Bækónúr-skotpallurinn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Breyti hluta: Stalín og Bækónúr-skotpallurinn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Stalín og Bækónúr-skotpallurinn"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Minnismerki_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/is/thumb/4/46/Minnismerki_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg/210px-Minnismerki_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/is/thumb/4/46/Minnismerki_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg/315px-Minnismerki_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/is/thumb/4/46/Minnismerki_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg/420px-Minnismerki_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Minnismerki í Astönu til að heiðra fólk sem var myrt í vinnubúðum í Kasakstan</figcaption></figure> <p>Stalín sendi þúsundir manna til Kasakstans á árunum 1936 til 1940 til að byggja upp verksmiðjuborgir í Kasakstan. Frá 1940 til 1950 var margt fólk frá öðrum Sovétlýðveldum sent til Kasakstans til að vinna í kolanámum eða vinnubúðum. Margar þessara kolanáma og vinnubúða voru í nágrenni borga eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaganda (síða er ekki enn til)">Karaganda</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Ast-Kamenog%C3%B3rsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úst-Kamenogórsk (síða er ekki enn til)">Úst-Kamenogórsk</a>. Árið 1953 varð Nikita Kruschev forseti í Sovétríkjunum. Hann lét loka vinnubúðum í Sovétríkjunum en í staðinn hófst hann handa við „<a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3mfr%C3%BAarlanda%C3%A1%C3%A6tlun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jómfrúarlandaáætlun (síða er ekki enn til)">Jómfrúarlandaáætlunina</a>“ sem ætlað var að auka frjósemi steppunnar í Kasakstan. Yfir 250.000 km² lands, einkum í Norður-Kasakstan, var uppskorið sem akurlendi á meðan „Jómfrúarlandaáætlunin“ stóð yfir. </p><p>Meðan á <a href="/wiki/Kalda_str%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Kalda stríðið">kalda stríðinu</a> stóð létu Sovétríkin byggja <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A6k%C3%B3nur_Skotpallur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bækónur Skotpallur (síða er ekki enn til)">Bækónúr-skotpallinn</a>“ í Suðvestur-Kasakstan. Hann var eins og skotpallurinn í <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> í <a href="/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkin" title="Bandaríkin">Bandaríkjunum</a>. Gerðar voru kjarnorkutilraunir og tilraunir til þess að skjóta eldflaugum út í geim. Árið <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> voru áttu mestu mótmæli í öllum Sovétríkjunum sér stað í Kasakstan. Fjöldi fólks hvarvetna í Kasakstan mótmælti. Mótmælendur fylgtu liði undir nafninu „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevada-Semey_Hreyfing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevada-Semey Hreyfing (síða er ekki enn til)">Nevada-Semey hreyfingin</a>“ og árið 1989 hættu Sovétríkin kjarnorkutilraunum sínum. En enn í dag er eldflaugum skotið út í geim frá Kasakstan og geimfarar stunda enn nám í Bækónúr-stöðinni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazarbaev_og_Lýðveldið_Kasakstan"><span id="Nazarbaev_og_L.C3.BD.C3.B0veldi.C3.B0_Kasakstan"></span>Nazarbaev og Lýðveldið Kasakstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Breyti hluta: Nazarbaev og Lýðveldið Kasakstan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Nazarbaev og Lýðveldið Kasakstan"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Árið 1989 var <a href="/wiki/Nurs%C3%BAltan_Nazarbaev" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursúltan Nazarbaev">Nursúltan Nazarbaev</a> kjörinn forseti í Kasakstan. Tveimur árum síðar féllu Sovétríkin. Nazarbaev vildi ekki ganga úr Sovétríkjunum, en svo fór eigi að síður að hann samþykkti það. Þann <a href="/wiki/16._desember" title="16. desember">16. desember</a> 1991 varð Kasakstan að <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi" title="Lýðveldi">lýðveldinu</a> Kasakstan. Borgin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqmola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqmola (síða er ekki enn til)">Aqmola</a>, sem þá var aðeins lítill kolanámubær, var gerð að höfuðborg Kasakstans. Margir töldu Nazarbaev ruglaðan að gera þetta, en nýja höfuðborgin var hluti af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan_2030&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasakstan 2030 (síða er ekki enn til)">Kasakstan 2030</a> áætlun hans. Aqmola skipti um nafn var nefnd Astana, sem þýðir á kasöksku „Höfuðborg“. Árið 2019 var borgin nefnd <a href="/wiki/Nursultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursultan">Nur-Sultan</a> í höfuðið á Nazarbaev.<sup id="cite_ref-nursultan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nursultan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nafnabreytingin var tekin til baka árið 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kasakstan_í_dag"><span id="Kasakstan_.C3.AD_dag"></span>Kasakstan í dag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Breyti hluta: Kasakstan í dag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Kasakstan í dag"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Hv%C3%ADtth%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/is/thumb/7/70/Hv%C3%ADtth%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg/200px-Hv%C3%ADtth%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/is/thumb/7/70/Hv%C3%ADtth%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg/300px-Hv%C3%ADtth%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/is/thumb/7/70/Hv%C3%ADtth%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg/400px-Hv%C3%ADtth%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Ast%C3%B6nu.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>„Hvíta húsið“ í Astana, þar sem forseti landsins býr.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kasakstan er núna lýðveldi í Mið-Asíu og 9. stærsta land í heimi. Höfuðborgin er Astana, sem er á miðri steppunni í Norður-Kasakstan. Auðvaldsskipulag er hægt og rólega að umbreyta efnahagslífi Kasakstans en ríkinu svipar þó enn um margt til Sovétríkjanna gömlu. </p><p>Nazarbajev var forseti Kasakstans í tæp 30 ár; frá sjálfstæði Kasakstans árið 1991 þar til hann sagði skyndilega af sér í mars árið 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fólk velti fyrir sér þeirri staðreynd að hann væri valdamesti maður landsins og hann var gjarnan talinn ríkja með gerræðislegum hætti. </p><p>Í janúar 2022 fóru fram <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B3tm%C3%A6lin_%C3%AD_Kasakstan_2022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mótmælin í Kasakstan 2022 (síða er ekki enn til)">fjöldamótmæli í Kasakstan</a> vegna hækkunar á olíuverði sem snerust brátt upp í óeirðir og allsherjarmótmæli gegn ríkjandi stjórnvöldum. Ríkisstjórn Kasakstans brást við mótmælunum af hörku og kallaði til hernaðaraðstoðar frá <a href="/wiki/Sameiginlega_%C3%B6ryggiss%C3%A1ttm%C3%A1lastofnunin" title="Sameiginlega öryggissáttmálastofnunin">Sameiginlegu öryggissáttmálastofnuninni</a> (CSTO), varnarbandalagi fyrrverandi Sovétlýðvelda. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassym-Jomart_Tokajev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokajev (síða er ekki enn til)">Kassym-Jomart Tokajev</a> forseti gaf herliðum CSTO og öryggissveitum Kasakstan heimild til að „skjóta til að drepa“ mótmælendur án viðvörunar og sagði mótmælin hafa verið valdaránstilraun að áeggjan erlendra hryðjuverkamanna.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samkvæmt opinberum tölum létust að minnsta kosti 164 manns og yfir 2.200 særðust í óeirðunum, auk þess sem rúmlega sex þúsund voru handteknir.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stjórnmál"><span id="Stj.C3.B3rnm.C3.A1l"></span>Stjórnmál</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Breyti hluta: Stjórnmál" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Stjórnmál"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Nursultan_Nazarbayev_1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Nursultan_Nazarbayev_1997.jpg/150px-Nursultan_Nazarbayev_1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Nursultan_Nazarbayev_1997.jpg/225px-Nursultan_Nazarbayev_1997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Nursultan_Nazarbayev_1997.jpg/300px-Nursultan_Nazarbayev_1997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption>Núrsultan Nazarbaev, forseti Kasakstans frá 1991 til 2019.</figcaption></figure> <p>Þann <a href="/wiki/16._desember" title="16. desember">16. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>, þegar Kasakstan var enn hluti Sovétríkjanna, varð <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gennad%C3%BD_K%C3%B3lbin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gennadý Kólbin (síða er ekki enn til)">Gennadý Kólbin</a> forseti landsins. Hann var ekki kasakskur heldur rússneskur. <a href="/wiki/Mikha%C3%ADl_Gorbatsjev" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhaíl Gorbatsjev">Mikhaíl Gorbatsjev</a>, þáverandi aðalritari sovéska kommúnistaflokksins, tilnefndi Gennadý Kólbin sem forseta Sovétlýðveldisins Kasakstans. Mikhaíl Gorbatsjev vissi af mikilli spillingu innan Kommúnistaflokks Kasakstans. Upphlaup varð í Kasakstan vegna þjóðernis Gennadýs Kólbins. Í <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> fóru fram fræg mótmæli sem nefnd voru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Djelt%C3%B3ksan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djeltóksan (síða er ekki enn til)">Djeltóksan</a>, sem merkir „desember“ á kasöksku. Fáir létu lífið í mótmælunum en margir slösuðust. Í Almaty er minnisvarði við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resp%C3%BAblika_Alang%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Respúblika Alangý (síða er ekki enn til)">Respúblika Alangý</a> sem heitir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Djelt%C3%B3ksan_1986&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djeltóksan 1986 (síða er ekki enn til)">Djeltóksan 1986</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Þann <a href="/wiki/22._j%C3%BAn%C3%AD" title="22. júní">22. júní</a> <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> varð Nazarbaev forseti Kasakstans. Hann var forseti frá því að Kasakstan varð lýðveldi árið 1991 til ársins 2019. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sara_Alp%C3%BDs%C3%B3vna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sara Alpýsóvna (síða er ekki enn til)">Sara Alpýsóvna</a> eiginkona hans er mjög atorkusöm í efnahagsmálum landsins og er hún einnig forstjóri „líknarmálasjóðs fyrir börn“. Þau eiga þrjár dætur og er sú elsta, Dariga Nazarbayeva, forstjóri ríkisrekinnar sjónvarpsstöðvar í Kasakstan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ríkisstjórn"><span id="R.C3.ADkisstj.C3.B3rn"></span>Ríkisstjórn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Breyti hluta: Ríkisstjórn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ríkisstjórn"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kasakstan er lýðveldi bundið stjórnarskrá. Forseti landsins er <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0h%C3%B6f%C3%B0ingi" title="Þjóðhöfðingi">þjóðhöfðingi</a> og getur hann beitt <a href="/wiki/Neitunarvald" title="Neitunarvald">neitunarvaldi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%A6tisr%C3%A1%C3%B0herra" title="Forsætisráðherra">Forsætisráðherra</a> stýrir <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADkisstj%C3%B3rn" title="Ríkisstjórn">ríkisstjórn</a> Kasakstans. Núverandi forsætisráðherra er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alihan_Smaiylov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alihan Smaiylov (síða er ekki enn til)">Alihan Smaiylov</a>, en hann var útnefndur árið 2022. <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eing" title="Þing">Þing</a> Kasakstans skiptist í tvær <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deild&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deild (síða er ekki enn til)">deildir</a>, neðri deild (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madj%C3%ADlis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madjílis (síða er ekki enn til)">madjílis</a>) og efri deild (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ldungadeild&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öldungadeild (síða er ekki enn til)">öldungadeild</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fylki">Fylki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Breyti hluta: Fylki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Fylki"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kasasktan er stórt land, sem skiptist í 17 <a href="/wiki/Fylki" title="Fylki">fylki</a> og 3 <a href="/wiki/Borg" title="Borg">borgir</a>. Borgirnar eru Almaty, Astana og Bækónúr. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kzk_delenie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kzk_delenie.png/200px-Kzk_delenie.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kzk_delenie.png/300px-Kzk_delenie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kzk_delenie.png/400px-Kzk_delenie.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td width="40%" style="vertical-align:top"> <p><big><b>Fylki í <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kasakstan</a></b></big> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nafnið á íslensku </th> <th>Höfuðborg </th> <th>Nafnið á rússnesku </th> <th>Mannfjöldi </th> <th>Flatarmál </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> (Borg) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> </td> <td>Алматы </td> <td>2.000.900 </td> <td>325 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Almatyfylki" title="Almatyfylki">Almatyfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talduk%C3%B3rgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taldukórgan (síða er ekki enn til)">Taldukórgan</a> </td> <td>Алматинская область </td> <td>860.000 </td> <td>224.000 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aqmolafylki" title="Aqmolafylki">Aqmolafylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ksjet%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köksjetá (síða er ekki enn til)">Köksjetá</a> </td> <td>Акмолинская область </td> <td>829.000 </td> <td>121.400 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a> (Borg) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a> </td> <td>Нұр-Сұлтан </td> <td>800.000 </td> <td>324 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akt%C3%B6befylki" title="Aktöbefylki">Aktöbefylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akt%C3%B6be&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktöbe (síða er ekki enn til)">Aktöbe</a> </td> <td>Актюбинская область </td> <td>661.000 </td> <td>380.000 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/At%C3%BDr%C3%A1fylki" title="Atýráfylki">Atýráfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=At%C3%BDr%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atýrá (síða er ekki enn til)">Atýrá</a> </td> <td>Атыpауская область </td> <td>380.000 </td> <td>118.600 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austur-Kasakstanfylki" title="Austur-Kasakstanfylki">Austur-Kasakstanfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96skemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öskemen (síða er ekki enn til)">Öskemen</a> </td> <td>Восточно-Казахстанская область </td> <td>897.000 </td> <td>283.800 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A6k%C3%B3nur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bækónur (síða er ekki enn til)">Bækónur</a> (Borg) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A6k%C3%B3nur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bækónur (síða er ekki enn til)">Bækónur</a> </td> <td>Байқоңыр </td> <td>70.000 </td> <td>57 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Djamb%C3%BDlfylki" title="Djambýlfylki">Djambýlfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taras (síða er ekki enn til)">Taras</a> </td> <td>Жамбылская область </td> <td>962.000 </td> <td>114.000 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karagandyfylki" title="Karagandyfylki">Karagandyfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaganda (síða er ekki enn til)">Karaganda</a> </td> <td>Карагандинская область </td> <td>1.287.000 </td> <td>428.000 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3stan%C3%A6fylki" title="Kóstanæfylki">Kóstanæfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B3stan%C3%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kóstanæ (síða er ekki enn til)">Kóstanæ</a> </td> <td>Кустанайская область </td> <td>975.000 </td> <td>196.000 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kusul%C3%B3rdafylki" title="Kusulórdafylki">Kusulórdafylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kusul%C3%B3rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kusulórda (síða er ekki enn til)">Kusulórda</a> </td> <td>Кызылординская область </td> <td>590.000 </td> <td>226.000 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangyst%C3%A1fylki" title="Mangystáfylki">Mangystáfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akt%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktá (síða er ekki enn til)">Aktá</a> </td> <td>Мангистауская область </td> <td>316.847 </td> <td>165.600 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Kasakstanfylki" title="Norður-Kasakstanfylki">Norður-Kasakstanfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B3pavil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrópavil (síða er ekki enn til)">Petrópavil</a> </td> <td>Севеpо-Казахстанская область </td> <td>586.000 </td> <td>123.200 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavl%C3%B3darfylki" title="Pavlódarfylki">Pavlódarfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavl%C3%B3dar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavlódar (síða er ekki enn til)">Pavlódar</a> </td> <td>Павлодарская область </td> <td>851.000 </td> <td>124.800 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-Kasakstanfylki" title="Suður-Kasakstanfylki">Suður-Kasakstanfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sjimkent" title="Sjimkent">Sjimkent</a> </td> <td>Южно-Казахстанская область </td> <td>1.644.000 </td> <td>118.600 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vestur-Kasakstanfylki" title="Vestur-Kasakstanfylki">Vestur-Kasakstanfylki</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%93ral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Óral (síða er ekki enn til)">Óral</a> </td> <td>Западно-Казахстанская область </td> <td>599.000 </td> <td>151.300 km² </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td width="60%" style="vertical-align:top"> <p><big><b>Borgir Í Kasakstan</b></big> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sæti </th> <th>Nafnið á íslensku </th> <th>Nafnið á kasöksku </th> <th>Mannfjöldi </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> </td> <td>Алматы </td> <td>2.000.900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sjimkent" title="Sjimkent">Sjimkent</a> </td> <td>Шымкент </td> <td>840.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Full_Star_Yellow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Full_Star_Yellow.svg/20px-Full_Star_Yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Full_Star_Yellow.svg/30px-Full_Star_Yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Full_Star_Yellow.svg/40px-Full_Star_Yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td>Астана </td> <td>600.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaganda (síða er ekki enn til)">Karaganda</a> </td> <td>Қарағанды </td> <td>437.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semei (síða er ekki enn til)">Semei</a> </td> <td>Семей </td> <td>400.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taras (síða er ekki enn til)">Taras</a> </td> <td>Тараз </td> <td>330.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akt%C3%B6be&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktöbe (síða er ekki enn til)">Aktöbe</a> </td> <td>Ақтөбе </td> <td>320.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavl%C3%B3dar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavlódar (síða er ekki enn til)">Pavlódar</a> </td> <td>Павлодар </td> <td>314.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Ast-Kamenog%C3%B3rsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úst-Kamenogórsk (síða er ekki enn til)">Úst-Kamenogórsk</a> </td> <td>Усть-Каменогорск </td> <td>305.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B3stan%C3%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kóstanæ (síða er ekki enn til)">Kóstanæ</a> </td> <td>Қостанай </td> <td>223.600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B3pavil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrópavil (síða er ekki enn til)">Petrópavil</a> </td> <td>Петропавл </td> <td>203.500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%93ral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Óral (síða er ekki enn til)">Óral</a> </td> <td>Орал </td> <td>195.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temirt%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temirtá (síða er ekki enn til)">Temirtá</a> </td> <td>Теміртау </td> <td>170.600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kusul%C3%B3rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kusulórda (síða er ekki enn til)">Kusulórda</a> </td> <td>Қызылорда </td> <td>157.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akt%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktá (síða er ekki enn til)">Aktá</a> </td> <td>Ақтау </td> <td>143.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=At%C3%BDr%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atýrá (síða er ekki enn til)">Atýrá</a> </td> <td>Атырау </td> <td>142.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekibast%C3%BAs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekibastús (síða er ekki enn til)">Ekibastús</a> </td> <td>Экибастуз </td> <td>127.200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ksjet%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köksjetá (síða er ekki enn til)">Köksjetá</a> </td> <td>Көкшетау </td> <td>123.400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talduk%C3%B3rgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taldukórgan (síða er ekki enn til)">Taldukórgan</a> </td> <td>Талдықорған </td> <td>118.600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djeskasgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djeskasgan (síða er ekki enn til)">Djeskasgan</a> </td> <td>Жезқазған </td> <td>90.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BArkistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Túrkistan (síða er ekki enn til)">Túrkistan</a> </td> <td>Түркістан </td> <td>85.600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balkasj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balkasj (síða er ekki enn til)">Balkasj</a> </td> <td>Балқаш </td> <td>81.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A6k%C3%B3nur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bækónur (síða er ekki enn til)">Bækónur</a> </td> <td>Байқоңыр </td> <td>70.000 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landfræði"><span id="Landfr.C3.A6.C3.B0i"></span>Landfræði</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Breyti hluta: Landfræði" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Landfræði"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png/200px-Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png/300px-Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png/400px-Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Landkort af Kasakstan (frá <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Kasakstan er 9. stærsta land í heimi og er í Mið-Asíu. Í Suður-Kasakstan er eyðimörk hjá <a href="/wiki/Sjimkent" title="Sjimkent">Sjimkent</a> og einnig í Norður-Kasakstan. Þar er líka stór steppa í nágrenni <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaganda (síða er ekki enn til)">Karaganda</a>. Altaifjöll liggja að landamærum Kasakstan og Kirgistan hjá <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>. Hæsti tindurinn er 4.572 m hár. Láglendi er í Vestur-Kasakstan við <a href="/wiki/Kasp%C3%ADahaf" title="Kaspíahaf">Kaspíahaf</a>. Í Kasakstan eru hvirfilvindar mjög algengir, sérstaklega yfir láglendinu í Vestur-Kasakstan. Kasakstan liggur að Kaspíahafi og á landamæri að <a href="/wiki/Aserba%C3%ADdsjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aserbaídsjan">Aserbædsjan</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dran" title="Íran">Íran</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efnahagsmál"><span id="Efnahagsm.C3.A1l"></span>Efnahagsmál</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Breyti hluta: Efnahagsmál" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Efnahagsmál"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olía hefur lengi verið afar mikilvæg fyrir efnahag Kasakstans. Kasakstan hafði yfir 66.320.000.000 kr. í tekjur af olíu árið <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. Nazarbaev vildi leggja þjóðartekjurnar fyrir. Margt fólk í Kasakstan sem vinnur í olíuiðnaðinum býr í Vestur-Kasakstan í borgum eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akt%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktá (síða er ekki enn til)">Aktá</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=At%C3%BDr%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atýrá (síða er ekki enn til)">Atýrá</a>. Kasakar segja að Atýrá sé olíuhöfuðborg Kasakstan. </p><p>Mörg erlend fyrirtæki starfa í Kasakstan, bæði frá Evrópu og Ameríku og jafnvel <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Fjármálamiðstöð Kasakstans er í Almaty. </p><p><b>Fyrirtæki í Kasakstan frá Íslandi</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actavis.com/en/corporate+directory/asia/kazakhstan.htm">Actavis í Kasakstan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429201418/http://www.actavis.com/en/corporate+directory/asia/kazakhstan.htm">Geymt</a> 29 apríl 2007 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auðvaldið"><span id="Au.C3.B0valdi.C3.B0"></span>Auðvaldið</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Breyti hluta: Auðvaldið" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Auðvaldið"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Í Kasakstan í dag eru yfirstétt, borgarastétt og lágstétt eins og í hverju öðru auðvaldskerfi. Mánaðartekjur borgarastéttarinnar eru einungis um 30.000 kr. Yfirstéttin býr einkum í fjallahéruðum, í risastórum húsum, en þénar þó einungis eins og millistéttarfólk í Evrópu. Lágstéttin býr við kröpp kjör í Kasakstan. Litlar íbúðir með lélegu vatns-, orku- og fráveitukerfi eru ekki óalgeng sjón í bæjum Kasakstan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kazakhstan_2030">Kazakhstan 2030</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Breyti hluta: Kazakhstan 2030" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Kazakhstan 2030"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>„Kazakhstan 2030“ er áætlun Nazarbaevs um að gera Kasakstan að auðugu landi. Nazarbaev vill reyna að selja mikla olíu og laða fyrirtæki frá öllum heimshornum til Kasakstans. Þegar maður fer til Kasakstans má sjá veggspjöld sem á stendur „Kazakhstan 2030“ alls staðar í Kasakstan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gjaldmiðill"><span id="Gjaldmi.C3.B0ill"></span>Gjaldmiðill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Breyti hluta: Gjaldmiðill" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Gjaldmiðill"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:200_tenge_(2006).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/200_tenge_%282006%29.jpg/200px-200_tenge_%282006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/200_tenge_%282006%29.jpg/300px-200_tenge_%282006%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/200_tenge_%282006%29.jpg/400px-200_tenge_%282006%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Kasakska tenga 200TГ</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenga (síða er ekki enn til)">Tenga</a> er gjaldmiðill Kasakstans. Tenga kemur úr orðinu <i>dengi</i> í rússnesku sem þýðir einfaldlega <i>peningur</i>. Þann <a href="/wiki/15._n%C3%B3vember" title="15. nóvember">15. nóvember</a> <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> hætti ríkisstjórn Kasakstans að nota <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BAbla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rúbla (síða er ekki enn til)">rúblur</a> og tenga var tekin í notkun í landinu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landbúnaður"><span id="Landb.C3.BAna.C3.B0ur"></span>Landbúnaður</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Breyti hluta: Landbúnaður" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Landbúnaður"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Landb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Landbúnaður">Landbúnaður</a> í Kasakstan er mjög háður olíu og búfjárrækt. Yfir 70% landsins eru ræktarlönd og bóndabæir. Mest er ræktað af <a href="/wiki/Hveiti" title="Hveiti">hveiti</a> í Kasakstan. Þess vegna er bjór í Kasakstan mjög ódýr. Hálfur lítri af bjór kostar einungis 200TГ (100 kr.) í <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BAkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dúkan (síða er ekki enn til)">dúkan</a>, sem er kasakstönsk verslun. Ávextir og grænmeti eru ræktuð í sveitum Kasakstan, en ávallt seld á markaði í borgunum, eins og í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sil%C3%B3n%C3%BD_Basar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silóný Basar (síða er ekki enn til)">Silóný Basar</a> (grænn markaður). Algengasta búfé í Kasakstan eru hestar og sauðfé. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samgöngur"><span id="Samg.C3.B6ngur"></span>Samgöngur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Breyti hluta: Samgöngur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Samgöngur"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Sjimkent3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Sjimkent3.jpg/200px-Sjimkent3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Sjimkent3.jpg/300px-Sjimkent3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Sjimkent3.jpg/400px-Sjimkent3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Air Astana flugvél Fokker-50 í Sjimkent</figcaption></figure> <p>Flugfélag Kasakstans heitir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Astana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Astana (síða er ekki enn til)">Air Astana</a>. Vilji maður ferðast til Kasakstan frá Evrópu verður maður að fljúga með <a href="/w/index.php?title=KLM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KLM (síða er ekki enn til)">KLM</a> frá <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> frá <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Airlines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Airlines (síða er ekki enn til)">Turkish Airlines</a> frá <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Astana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Astana (síða er ekki enn til)">Air Astana</a> frá <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> eða <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskvu</a>, eða <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a>. Air Astana flýgur til næstum allra áfangastaða í Kasakstan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnbrautarlest" title="Járnbrautarlest">Járnbrautarlestir</a> eru líka algeng samgöngutæki í Kasakstan. Hægt er að fara frá Almaty til Astönu á 20 klukkutímum. Einnig eru til hópferðabílar í Kasakstan en þeir eru ekki jafn almennur ferðamáti eins og járnbrautarlestir og flugvélar. Í borgum er hægt að ná í leigubíl með því að veifa hendinni við veginn. Leigubílar eru ekki á vegum hins opinbera heldur einkareknir. Þeir eru ódýr og mjög almennur ferðamáti í borgum eins og <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Íbúar"><span id=".C3.8Db.C3.BAar"></span>Íbúar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Breyti hluta: Íbúar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Íbúar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Einungis um 53% íbúa Kasakstan eru fæddir í Kasakstan. Allt frá því að Kasakstan gekk Rússlandi á hönd hafa Rússar flust um allt Kasakstan. Flestir Rússar búa Í stærstu borgunum, eins og Astana og Almaty og í Norður-Kasakstan, og eru Rússar stundum fjölmennari en Kasakar. En í bæjum eins og <a href="/wiki/Sjimkent" title="Sjimkent">Sjimkent</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BArkistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Túrkistan (síða er ekki enn til)">Túrkistan</a> eru um 80% íbúanna Kasakar. Í Kasakstan býr enn fólk frá því að Stalín sendi fólk frá Sovétríkjunum í vinnubúðir til Kasakstans, svo sem Téténar, Úkraínumenn, Úsbekar og jafnvel Hvít-Rússar. Einnig má þar finna þýska Gyðinga sem flúðu <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland">Þýskaland</a> í <a href="/wiki/Seinni_heimsstyrj%C3%B6ldin" title="Seinni heimsstyrjöldin">seinni heimsstyrjöldinni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Þjóðernishópar í Kasakstan</b> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Þjóðerni</th> <th>1959 %</th> <th>1970 %</th> <th>1979 %</th> <th>1989 %</th> <th>1999 %</th></tr> <tr><td align="left">Kasakar</td> <td>30,0</td> <td>32,6</td> <td>36,0</td> <td>40,1</td> <td>53,4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Rússar</td> <td>42,7</td> <td>42,4</td> <td>40,8</td> <td>37,4</td> <td>29,9</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Úkraínumenn</td> <td>8,2</td> <td>7,2</td> <td>6,1</td> <td>5,4</td> <td>3,7</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Þjóðverjar</td> <td>7,1</td> <td>6,6</td> <td>6,1</td> <td>5,8</td> <td>2,4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Tatarar</td> <td>2,1</td> <td>2,2</td> <td>2,1</td> <td>2,0</td> <td>1,7</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Úsbekar</td> <td>1,5</td> <td>1,7</td> <td>1,8</td> <td>2,0</td> <td>2,5</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Hvítrússar</td> <td>1,2</td> <td>1,5</td> <td>1,2</td> <td>1,1</td> <td>0,8</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Úígúrar </td><td> 0,6 </td> <td>0,9</td> <td>1,0</td> <td>1,1</td> <td>1,4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Kóreumenn</td> <td>0,8</td> <td>0,6</td> <td>0,6</td> <td>0,6</td> <td>0,7</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tungumál"><span id="Tungum.C3.A1l"></span>Tungumál</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Breyti hluta: Tungumál" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Tungumál"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870427">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1795920">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wikibooks-logo-is.png/40px-Wikibooks-logo-is.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wikibooks-logo-is.png/60px-Wikibooks-logo-is.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wikibooks-logo-is.png/80px-Wikibooks-logo-is.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="135" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikib%C3%A6kur" title="Wikibækur">Wikibækur</a> eru með efni sem tengist <i><b><a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kasakska" class="extiw" title="b:Kasakska">Kasöksku</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744436">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Kasakska" title="Kasakska">Kasakska</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kasakska" title="Kasakska">Kasakska</a> er opinbert tungumál í Kasakstan, en ekki kunna allir þeir sem búa eða eru innfæddir í Kasakstan þá tungu. <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska">Rússneska</a> er reyndar töluð meira en kasakska í Kasakstan. Í fyrirtækjum er rússneska opinbert tungumál og kasakska er þar sjaldan eða aldrei töluð. En í stjórnkerfinu er alltaf töluð kasakska vegna þess að Nazarbaev vill að kasakska sé opinbert tungumál í Kasakstan. Í borgum eins og Almaty og Astana, sem eru mjög alþjóðlegar, er rússneska töluð meira en kasakska. En ef maður fer til Suður-Kasakstan og heimsækir borgir eins og Sjimkent og Túrkistan, mun maður einungis heyra kasöksku.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menntun">Menntun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Breyti hluta: Menntun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Menntun"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kennsla í skólum í Kasakstan fór áður fram á rússnesku. Frá og með árinu 1991 hefur kennsla farið fram bæði á rússnesku og kasöksku í skólum en sumir skólar nota aðeins annað málið. Í alþjóðlegum skólum er stundum kennt á ensku, en venjulega á rússnesku. Einnig er skóli í Túrkestan þar sem kennt er á tyrknesku. Læsi í Kasakstan er 99,5%. Allir kunna kýrillíska og latneska stafrófið og sumir kunna arabíska stafrófið. Börn í Kasakstan byrja á leikskóla fimm eða sex ára gömul. Árið 2004 voru 100 leikskólar í Kasakstan og í þá gengu 135.856 börn (eða 63% barna á aldrinum fimm til sex ára í Kasakstan). Á leikskólum er bæði kennt á kasöksku og rússnesku, þó oftast er rússneska algengari. Eftir leikskóla hefst grunnskóli og þar á eftir menntaskóli. Nemendur ljúka menntaskóla 18 ára og fara svo í háskóla. Til eru margir háskólar í Kasakstan, sérstaklega í Almaty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Menning">Menning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Breyti hluta: Menning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Menning"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menning í Kasakstan verður fyrir áhrifum frá Rússlandi, Mongólíu og Tyrklandi. Inntak hins fullkomna í kasaskri menningu er lífsmáti hirðingjans. Kúlutjöld eru enn mjög almenn í sveitum og eru líka tákn kasöksku menningarinnar. Kasakskt fólk er mjög gestrisið og gleðst alltaf yfir að hitta útlendinga sem hafa áhuga á landi þess. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hátíðisdagar"><span id="H.C3.A1t.C3.AD.C3.B0isdagar"></span>Hátíðisdagar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Breyti hluta: Hátíðisdagar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Hátíðisdagar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th width="90px">Dagsetning</th> <th width="190px">Íslenskt nafn </th> <th>Kasakskt nafn </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1._jan%C3%BAar" title="1. janúar">1. janúar</a></td> <td>Nýársdagur </td> <td>Жаңа жыл </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7._jan%C3%BAar" title="7. janúar">7. janúar</a></td> <td>Jól (rússnesku rétttrúnaðarkirkjunnar) </td> <td>Рождество Христово </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8._mars" title="8. mars">8. mars</a></td> <td>Alþjóðlegi kvennadagurinn </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">Халықаралық әйелдер күні </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/22._mars" title="22. mars">22. mars</a></td> <td>Nárús (Mars) </td> <td>Наурыз мейрамы </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1._ma%C3%AD" title="1. maí">1. maí</a></td> <td>Fyrsti maí </td> <td>Қазақстан Ұлттарының Бірлік Күні </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9._ma%C3%AD" title="9. maí">9. maí</a></td> <td>Sigurdagurinn í seinni heimsstyrjöldinni </td> <td>Жеңіс күні </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/30._%C3%A1g%C3%BAst" title="30. ágúst">30. ágúst</a></td> <td>Stjórnarskrárdagurinn </td> <td>Конституция күні </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/25._okt%C3%B3ber" title="25. október">25. október</a></td> <td>Lýðveldisdagurinn </td> <td>Республика күні </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16._desember" title="16. desember">16. desember</a></td> <td>Þjóðhátíðardagur </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matur">Matur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Breyti hluta: Matur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Matur"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kazakh_cuisine_Besjbarmak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kazakh_cuisine_Besjbarmak.jpg/200px-Kazakh_cuisine_Besjbarmak.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kazakh_cuisine_Besjbarmak.jpg/300px-Kazakh_cuisine_Besjbarmak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kazakh_cuisine_Besjbarmak.jpg/400px-Kazakh_cuisine_Besjbarmak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Besjbarmak: Þjóðarréttur Kasakstans</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Besjbarmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besjbarmak (síða er ekki enn til)">Besjbarmak</a> er þjóðarréttur í Kasakstan. Hann er úr hveitimjöli og hrossakjöti. Te er mjög almennur drykkur í Kasakstan og mjög ódýrt. Þjóðardrykkurinn í Kasakstan er kúmis, sem er úr geitamjólk. Margar kjörbúðir eru í borgum þar sem fólk getur keypt ávexti, kjöt og fleira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trúarbrögð"><span id="Tr.C3.BAarbr.C3.B6g.C3.B0"></span>Trúarbrögð</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Breyti hluta: Trúarbrögð" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Trúarbrögð"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslam" title="Íslam">Íslam</a> er útbreiddast trúarbragða í Kasakstan. Í Kasakstan hefur aldrei verið lagt mikið upp úr trúarbrögðum. Nær 47% íbúa í Kasakstan eru múslimar, en einungis 3% af þeim telja sig trúaða. Því er eins farið með önnur trúarbrögð. Gyðingar frá Rússlandi búa einnig í Kasakstan, einkum í borgunum <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavl%C3%B3dar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavlódar (síða er ekki enn til)">Pavlódar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kristni" title="Kristni">Kristindómur</a> og búddismi eru líka meðal trúarbragða í Kasakstan, en ekki jafn útbreidd. Samfélagið í Kasakstan er undir áhrifum frá íslam. Þau áhrif leyna sér ekki í Kasakstan, til dæmis í tungumálinu, á kasöksku heilsar maður með orðunum <i>Assalam alaikum,</i> sem er algeng kveðja í íslömskum löndum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fólk"><span id="F.C3.B3lk"></span>Fólk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Breyti hluta: Fólk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Fólk"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ab%C3%A6_K%C3%BAnanb%C3%A6uli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abæ Kúnanbæuli (síða er ekki enn til)">Abæ Kúnanbæuli</a> - Þjóðskáld</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alasj_%C3%93rda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alasj Órda (síða er ekki enn til)">Alasj Órda</a> - Stjórnmálamaður</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Farabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Farabi (síða er ekki enn til)">Al-Farabi</a> - Heimspekingur</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bak%C3%BDtdjan_Kanapjanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakýtdjan Kanapjanov (síða er ekki enn til)">Bakýtdjan Kanapjanov</a> - Hnefaleikakappi og rithöfundur</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dbrahym_Altynsaryn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Íbrahym Altynsaryn (síða er ekki enn til)">Íbrahym Altynsaryn</a> - Skipulagði kýrilliska stafrófið</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khoja_Ahmed_Jasav%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khoja Ahmed Jasaví (síða er ekki enn til)">Khoja Ahmed Jasaví</a> - Þjóðskáld og heimspekingur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurs%C3%BAltan_Nazarbaev" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursúltan Nazarbaev">Nursúltan Nazarbaev</a> - Forseti</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talgat_M%C3%BAsabaev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talgat Músabaev (síða er ekki enn til)">Talgat Músabaev</a> - Geimfari</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toktar_%C3%81bakirov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toktar Ábakirov (síða er ekki enn til)">Toktar Ábakirov</a> - Geimfari</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tónlist"><span id="T.C3.B3nlist"></span>Tónlist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Breyti hluta: Tónlist" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Tónlist"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nú á dögum er tónlist í Kasakstan blanda af poppi og hefðbundinni tónlist. <a href="/wiki/Dombra" title="Dombra">Dombra</a>, sem er kasakskur gítar, er enn notaður í tónlist nútímans, bæði í poppi og hefðbundnari tónlist. Tónlist frá Kasakstan er ekki mjög vinsæl í Kasakstan, vegna þess að mörgum landsmanna þykir tónlist frá Rússlandi, Englandi og Bandaríkjunum skemmtilegri. Hér fyrir neðan eru tenglar á tónlistarmyndbönd frá Kasakstan og einnig má smella á hljómsveitirnir til að lesa meira um þær. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akbota_Kerimbekova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akbota Kerimbekova (síða er ekki enn til)">Akbota Kerimbekova</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=Jshv5_wO0K8">Begimbaydin Zheri</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Loudspeaker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png/10px-Loudspeaker.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png 1.5x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="11" /></a></span> <i>(mannsöngur)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almas_Kisjkenbaev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almas Kisjkenbaev (síða er ekki enn til)">Almas Kisjkenbaev</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=VUVCMs1Mdz4">Mengilikke</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Loudspeaker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png/10px-Loudspeaker.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png 1.5x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="11" /></a></span> <i>(mannsöngur)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor" class="mw-disambig" title="Bangor">Bangor</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=v_7ZmNbqWQY">Suju degen osi ma</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Loudspeaker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png/10px-Loudspeaker.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png 1.5x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="11" /></a></span> <i>(popp)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulytau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulytau (síða er ekki enn til)">Ulytau</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=1B6ISJwIsos">Turk</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Loudspeaker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png/10px-Loudspeaker.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png 1.5x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="11" /></a></span> <i>(popp)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urker (síða er ekki enn til)">Urker</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=5Y8EbOEJLbk">Tugan Elim</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Loudspeaker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png/10px-Loudspeaker.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png 1.5x" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="11" /></a></span> <i>(popp)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir"><span id="Tilv.C3.ADsanir"></span>Tilvísanir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Breyti hluta: Tilvísanir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Tilvísanir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744314">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Á valdatíma tyrkja varð <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslam" title="Íslam">íslam</a> aðaltrúarbrögðin í Kasakstan og byggingar frá þessu tímabili standa sumar hverjar enn í Túrkistan og eru heilagar byggingar í huga múslima í Mið-Asíu. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shop.lonelyplanet.com/Primary/Product/Destination_Guides/Regional_Guides/Asia/PRD_PRD_2006/Central+Asia.jsp?bmUID=1182097716400">Lonely Planet Central Asia</a></i><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup>, júlí 2004: 82-95. <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/9781741046144" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-74104-614-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nursultan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nursultan_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870430">.mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1873994">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKristján_Róbert_Kristjánsson" class="citation web cs1">Kristján Róbert Kristjánsson (20. mars 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruv.is/frett/astana-heitir-nu-nursultan">„Astana heitir nú Nursultan“</a>. RÚV<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 7. apríl 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana+heitir+n%C3%BA+Nursultan&rft.pub=R%C3%9AV&rft.au=Kristj%C3%A1n+R%C3%B3bert+Kristj%C3%A1nsson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruv.is%2Ffrett%2Fastana-heitir-nu-nursultan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AKasakstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÆvar_Örn_Jósepsson" class="citation web cs1">Ævar Örn Jósepsson (14. september 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruv.is/frett/2022/09/14/hofudborg-kasakstans-faer-aftur-nafnid-astana">„Höfuðborg Kasakstans fær aftur nafnið Astana“</a>. <a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" class="mw-redirect" title="RÚV">RÚV</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 14. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borg+Kasakstans+f%C3%A6r+aftur+nafni%C3%B0+Astana&rft.pub=R%C3%9AV&rft.au=%C3%86var+%C3%96rn+J%C3%B3sepsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruv.is%2Ffrett%2F2022%2F09%2F14%2Fhofudborg-kasakstans-faer-aftur-nafnid-astana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AKasakstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruv.is/frett/forseti-kasakstans-segir-af-ser">„Forseti Kasakstans segir af sér“</a>. RÚV. 19. mars 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 21. mars 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forseti+Kasakstans+segir+af+s%C3%A9r&rft.pub=R%C3%9AV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruv.is%2Ffrett%2Fforseti-kasakstans-segir-af-ser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AKasakstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mbl.is/frettir/erlent/2022/01/10/segir_oeirdirnar_tilraun_til_valdarans/">„Segir óeirðirnar tilraun til valdaráns“</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mbl.is" title="Mbl.is">mbl.is</a>. 10. janúar 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12. janúar 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Segir+%C3%B3eir%C3%B0irnar+tilraun+til+valdar%C3%A1ns&rft.pub=mbl.is&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbl.is%2Ffrettir%2Ferlent%2F2022%2F01%2F10%2Fsegir_oeirdirnar_tilraun_til_valdarans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AKasakstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJónas_Atli_Gunnarsson" class="citation web cs1">Jónas Atli Gunnarsson (9. janúar 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kjarninn.is/skyring/hvad-er-ad-gerast-i-kasakstan/">„Hvað er að gerast í Kasakstan?“</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kjarninn" title="Kjarninn">Kjarninn</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12. janúar 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hva%C3%B0+er+a%C3%B0+gerast+%C3%AD+Kasakstan%3F&rft.pub=Kjarninn&rft.au=J%C3%B3nas+Atli+Gunnarsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkjarninn.is%2Fskyring%2Fhvad-er-ad-gerast-i-kasakstan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AKasakstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Þetta er minnisvarði til að heiðra nemendur sem létu lífið í mótmælunum. <i>Қазақ Тарих</i>, 1993. <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/5615013036" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-615-01303-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taflan hér að neðan sýnir þjóðarbrot í Kasakstan frá árinu 1959 til ársins 1999, sem er næstum eins og í dag. <a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD#.D0.9D.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5">Население á<br />rússnesku Wikipediu</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rússneska er venjulega tungumálið fyrir fólk til að tala við annað fólk af öðrum kynþætti, en það eru margir kynþættir í Kasakstan og rússneska er bara eins og alþjóðlegt tungumál. Tangat Tangirberdi kyzy Ayapova, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunwoodypress.com/products/-/55">Kazakh Textbook: Beginning and Intermediate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070718203206/http://www.dunwoodypress.com/products/-/55">Geymt</a> 18 júlí 2007 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/1881265919" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-881265-91-9</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tenglar">Tenglar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Breyti hluta: Tenglar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Tenglar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870427"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1795920"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/35px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/52px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/70px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikior%C3%B0ab%C3%B3kin" title="Wikiorðabókin">Wikiorðabókin</a> er með skilgreiningu á orðinu <i><b><a href="https://is.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kasakstan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.air-astana.kz">Air Astana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218003027/http://air-astana.kz/">Geymt</a> 18 febrúar 2020 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalbank.kz">Bank Kasakstans</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html">CIA Worldfactbook: Kazakhstan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010136/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html%20">Geymt</a> 26 desember 2018 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akorda.kz/page.php?lang=2">Forsætið Kasakstans opinber vefsíða</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405183348/http://www.akorda.kz/page.php?lang=2">Geymt</a> 5 apríl 2007 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irgetas.org">Irgetas Kasakskt Spjall</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khabar.kz">Khabar Fréttir</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.kz">Ríkisstjórn Kasakstans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190715062336/http://www.government.kz/">Geymt</a> 15 júlí 2019 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aboutkazakhstan.com">Um Kasakstan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5487.htm">USA Department of State Upplýsingar</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1750840">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-ræða"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0aspjall:SSR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sniðaspjall:SSR (síða er ekki enn til)"><abbr title="Ræða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-breyta"><a class="external text" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0:SSR&action=edit"><abbr title="Breyta þessu sniði" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Samveldi_sjálfstæðra_ríkja_(SSR)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Samveldi_sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0ra_r%C3%ADkja" title="Samveldi sjálfstæðra ríkja">Samveldi sjálfstæðra ríkja</a> (SSR)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Armen%C3%ADa" title="Armenía">Armenía</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aserba%C3%ADsjan" title="Aserbaísjan">Aserbaísjan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hv%C3%ADta-R%C3%BAssland" title="Hvíta-Rússland">Hvíta-Rússland</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kasakstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirgistan" title="Kirgistan">Kirgistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%B3va" title="Moldóva">Moldóva</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tadsikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadsikistan">Tadsikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Asbekistan" title="Úsbekistan">Úsbekistan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750840"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Samvinnustofnun_Sjanghaí_(SCO)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750839"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-skoða"><a href="/wiki/Sni%C3%B0:Samvinnustofnun_Sjangha%C3%AD" title="Snið:Samvinnustofnun Sjanghaí"><abbr title="Skoða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-ræða"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0aspjall:Samvinnustofnun_Sjangha%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sniðaspjall:Samvinnustofnun Sjanghaí (síða er ekki enn til)"><abbr title="Ræða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-breyta"><a class="external text" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0:Samvinnustofnun_Sjangha%C3%AD&action=edit"><abbr title="Breyta þessu sniði" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Samvinnustofnun_Sjanghaí_(SCO)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Samvinnustofnun_Sjangha%C3%AD" title="Samvinnustofnun Sjanghaí">Samvinnustofnun Sjanghaí</a> (SCO)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kasakstan</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Kirgistan" title="Kirgistan">Kirgistan</a>  • <a href="/wiki/K%C3%ADna" title="Kína">Kína</a>  • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússland</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Tadsikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadsikistan">Tadsikistan</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Asbekistan" title="Úsbekistan">Úsbekistan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750840"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lönd_í_Asíu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750839"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-skoða"><a href="/wiki/Sni%C3%B0:As%C3%ADa" title="Snið:Asía"><abbr title="Skoða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-ræða"><a href="/wiki/Sni%C3%B0aspjall:As%C3%ADa" title="Sniðaspjall:Asía"><abbr title="Ræða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-breyta"><a class="external text" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0:As%C3%ADa&action=edit"><abbr title="Breyta þessu sniði" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lönd_í_Asíu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lönd í <a href="/wiki/As%C3%ADa" title="Asía">Asíu</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austur-As%C3%ADa" title="Austur-Asía">Austur-Asía</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%ADna" title="Kína">Kína</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADvan" title="Taívan">Taívan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-K%C3%B3rea" title="Norður-Kórea">Norður-Kórea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-K%C3%B3rea" title="Suður-Kórea">Suður-Kórea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0austur-As%C3%ADa" title="Suðaustur-Asía">Suðaustur-Asía</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BArma" class="mw-redirect" title="Búrma">Búrma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADland" title="Taíland">Taíland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kamb%C3%B3d%C3%ADa" title="Kambódía">Kambódía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> · <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADetnam" title="Víetnam">Víetnam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malas%C3%ADa" title="Malasía">Malasía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Singap%C3%BAr" title="Singapúr">Singapúr</a> · <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BAnei" title="Brúnei">Brúnei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%B3nes%C3%ADa" title="Indónesía">Indónesía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Austur-T%C3%ADmor" title="Austur-Tímor">Austur-Tímor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Filippseyjar" title="Filippseyjar">Filippseyjar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-As%C3%ADa" title="Suður-Asía">Suður-Asía</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Indland" title="Indland">Indland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bangladess" title="Bangladess">Bangladess</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> · <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAtan" title="Bútan">Bútan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sr%C3%AD_Lanka" title="Srí Lanka">Srí Lanka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mald%C3%ADveyjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Maldíveyjar">Maldíveyjar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0vestur-As%C3%ADa" title="Suðvestur-Asía">Suðvestur-Asía</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armen%C3%ADa" title="Armenía">Armenía</a><sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Aserba%C3%ADsjan" title="Aserbaísjan">Aserbaísjan</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/Barein" title="Barein">Barein</a> · <a href="/wiki/Egyptaland" title="Egyptaland">Egyptaland</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/Georg%C3%ADa" title="Georgía">Georgía</a><sup>1</sup> (að hluta) · <i><a href="/wiki/Palest%C3%ADnur%C3%ADki" title="Palestínuríki">Palestínuríki</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dran" title="Íran">Íran</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drak" title="Írak">Írak</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dsrael" title="Ísrael">Ísrael</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> · <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3rdan%C3%ADa" title="Jórdanía">Jórdanía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a> · <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BAveit" title="Kúveit">Kúveit</a> · <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BDpur" title="Kýpur">Kýpur</a><sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADbanon" title="Líbanon">Líbanon</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%93man" title="Óman">Óman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sameinu%C3%B0u_arab%C3%ADsku_furstad%C3%A6min" title="Sameinuðu arabísku furstadæmin">Sameinuðu arabísku furstadæmin</a> · <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1di-Arab%C3%ADa" title="Sádi-Arabía">Sádi-Arabía</a> · <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDrland" title="Sýrland">Sýrland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland">Tyrkland</a> (að hluta) · <i><a href="/wiki/Tyrkneska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0_%C3%A1_Nor%C3%B0ur-K%C3%BDpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrkneska lýðveldið á Norður-Kýpur">Tyrkneska lýðveldið á Norður-Kýpur</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-As%C3%ADa" title="Mið-Asía">Mið-Asía</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kasakstan</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/Kirgistan" title="Kirgistan">Kirgistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tads%C3%ADkistan" title="Tadsíkistan">Tadsíkistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BArkmenistan" title="Túrkmenistan">Túrkmenistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Asbekistan" title="Úsbekistan">Úsbekistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-As%C3%ADa" title="Norður-Asía">Norður-Asía</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mong%C3%B3l%C3%ADa" title="Mongólía">Mongólía</a> · <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússland</a> (að hluta)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1. Venjulega talin til Asíu landfræðilega, en oft talin til <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Evrópa">Evrópulanda</a> af menningarlegum og sögulegum ástæðum.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750840"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lönd_í_Evrópu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750839"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-skoða"><a href="/wiki/Sni%C3%B0:Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Snið:Evrópa"><abbr title="Skoða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-ræða"><a href="/wiki/Sni%C3%B0aspjall:Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Sniðaspjall:Evrópa"><abbr title="Ræða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-breyta"><a class="external text" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0:Evr%C3%B3pa&action=edit"><abbr title="Breyta þessu sniði" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lönd_í_Evrópu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lönd í <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Evrópa">Evrópu</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Norður-Evrópa">Norður-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Danm%C3%B6rk" title="Danmörk">Danmörk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eistland" title="Eistland">Eistland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finnland" title="Finnland">Finnland</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dsland" title="Ísland">Ísland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noregur" title="Noregur">Noregur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%AD%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Svíþjóð">Svíþjóð</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Austur-Evrópa">Austur-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Armen%C3%ADa" title="Armenía">Armenía</a> <sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Aserba%C3%ADsjan" title="Aserbaísjan">Aserbaísjan</a> <sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Georg%C3%ADa" title="Georgía">Georgía</a> <sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Hv%C3%ADta-R%C3%BAssland" title="Hvíta-Rússland">Hvíta-Rússland</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kasakstan</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússland</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Akra%C3%ADna" title="Úkraína">Úkraína</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Mið-Evrópa">Mið-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Austurr%C3%ADki" title="Austurríki">Austurríki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lit%C3%A1en" title="Litáen">Litáen</a> · <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3lland" title="Pólland">Pólland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%B3vak%C3%ADa" title="Slóvakía">Slóvakía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sviss" title="Sviss">Sviss</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9kkland" title="Tékkland">Tékkland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ungverjaland" title="Ungverjaland">Ungverjaland</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland">Þýskaland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Vestur-Evrópa">Vestur-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Belg%C3%ADa" title="Belgía">Belgía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bretland" title="Bretland">Bretland</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland">Skotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-%C3%8Drland" title="Norður-Írland">Norður-Írland</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakkland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Írska lýðveldið">Írland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> · <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAxemborg" title="Lúxemborg">Lúxemborg</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0austur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Suðaustur-Evrópa">Suðaustur-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alban%C3%ADa" title="Albanía">Albanía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bosn%C3%ADa_og_Herseg%C3%B3v%C3%ADna" title="Bosnía og Hersegóvína">Bosnía og Hersegóvína</a> · <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAlgar%C3%ADa" title="Búlgaría">Búlgaría</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grikkland" title="Grikkland">Grikkland</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3sov%C3%B3" title="Kósovó">Kósovó</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3at%C3%ADa" title="Króatía">Króatía</a> · <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BDpur" title="Kýpur">Kýpur</a> <sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%B3va" title="Moldóva">Moldóva</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Maked%C3%B3n%C3%ADa" title="Norður-Makedónía">Norður-Makedónía</a> · <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAmen%C3%ADa" title="Rúmenía">Rúmenía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Serb%C3%ADa" title="Serbía">Serbía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%B3ven%C3%ADa" title="Slóvenía">Slóvenía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Svartfjallaland" title="Svartfjallaland">Svartfjallaland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland">Tyrkland</a> (að hluta)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Suður-Evrópa">Suður-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtal%C3%ADa" title="Ítalía">Ítalía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nak%C3%B3" title="Mónakó">Mónakó</a> · <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%BAgal" title="Portúgal">Portúgal</a> · <a href="/wiki/San_Mar%C3%ADn%C3%B3" title="San Marínó">San Marínó</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nn" title="Spánn">Spánn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vat%C3%ADkani%C3%B0" title="Vatíkanið">Vatíkanið</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Undir yfirráðum annarra ríkja:</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81landseyjar" title="Álandseyjar">Álandseyjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyjar" title="Færeyjar">Færeyjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADbraltar" title="Gíbraltar">Gíbraltar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6n_(%C3%8Drlandshafi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mön (Írlandshafi)">Mön</a> · <a href="/wiki/Svalbar%C3%B0i" title="Svalbarði">Svalbarði</a><br /><sup>1</sup> Oft talin landfræðilega til Asíu en skilgreind sem Evrópulönd af menningarlegum ástæðum.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Sótt frá „<a dir="ltr" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&oldid=1853970">https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasakstan&oldid=1853970</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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