CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Spaghetti Western - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"612c70c3-828f-464e-9e4a-da2d09ebb5c9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Spaghetti_Western","wgTitle":"Spaghetti Western","wgCurRevisionId":1257950799,"wgRevisionId":1257950799,"wgArticleId":29177,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from December 2022","Spaghetti Western","Revisionist Westerns","Exploitation films","Film genres","Italian films by genre","Metaphors referring to spaghetti","Western (genre) films by genre","Western (genre) subgenres"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Spaghetti_Western","wgRelevantArticleId":29177,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q212781","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands", "architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1308"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="872"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg/640px-Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="698"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Spaghetti Western - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_Western"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_Western"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Spaghetti_Western rootpage-Spaghetti_Western skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Spaghetti+Western" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Spaghetti+Western" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Spaghetti+Western" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Spaghetti+Western" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Similar_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Similar concepts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filming_locations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming_locations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Filming locations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming_locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Context_and_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Context_and_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Context and origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Context_and_origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Context and origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Context_and_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_European_Westerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_European_Westerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early European Westerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_European_Westerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_the_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_the_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Origins of the genre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_the_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_Fistful_of_Dollars_and_its_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_Fistful_of_Dollars_and_its_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><i>A Fistful of Dollars</i> and its impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_Fistful_of_Dollars_and_its_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_developments_of_the_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_developments_of_the_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further developments of the genre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_developments_of_the_genre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further developments of the genre subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_developments_of_the_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-For_a_Few_Dollars_More_and_unstable_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_a_Few_Dollars_More_and_unstable_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>For a Few Dollars More</i> and unstable partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_a_Few_Dollars_More_and_unstable_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zapata_Westerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zapata_Westerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Zapata Westerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zapata_Westerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Good,_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly_and_universal_betrayal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Good,_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly_and_universal_betrayal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>The Good, the Bad and the Ugly</i> and universal betrayal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Good,_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly_and_universal_betrayal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Django_and_the_tragic_hero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Django_and_the_tragic_hero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span><i>Django</i> and the tragic hero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Django_and_the_tragic_hero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Trinity"_films_and_the_triumph_of_comedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Trinity"_films_and_the_triumph_of_comedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>"Trinity" films and the triumph of comedy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Trinity"_films_and_the_triumph_of_comedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twilight_of_the_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twilight_of_the_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Twilight of the genre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twilight_of_the_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notable_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other notable themes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_notable_themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other notable themes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Cult"_spaghetti_Westerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Cult"_spaghetti_Westerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>"Cult" spaghetti Westerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Cult"_spaghetti_Westerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_backgrounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_backgrounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Historical backgrounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_backgrounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_myths_and_classic_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_myths_and_classic_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ancient myths and classic literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_myths_and_classic_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musicals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musicals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Musicals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musicals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asian_connections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asian_connections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>East Asian connections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asian_connections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_allegories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_allegories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Political allegories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_allegories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Homosexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Retrospective_of_the_Venice_Film_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrospective_of_the_Venice_Film_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Retrospective of the Venice Film Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrospective_of_the_Venice_Film_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spaghetti Western</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="ويسترن سباغيتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويسترن سباغيتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Спагеці-вестэрн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спагеці-вестэрн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8-%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Спагети-уестърн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спагети-уестърн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pageti-vestern" title="Špageti-vestern – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Špageti-vestern" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_western" title="Spaghetti western – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Spaghetti western" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_western" title="Spaghetti western – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spaghetti western" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghettiwestern" title="Spaghettiwestern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spaghettiwestern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italowestern" title="Italowestern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Italowestern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B9_%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD" title="Σπαγκέτι γουέστερν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπαγκέτι γουέστερν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_western" title="Spaghetti western – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Spaghetti western" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itala_vakera_filmo" title="Itala vakera filmo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Itala vakera filmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_western" title="Spaghetti western – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Spaghetti western" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="وسترن اسپاگتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وسترن اسپاگتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_spaghetti" title="Western spaghetti – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Western spaghetti" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagettywestern" title="Spagettywestern – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spagettywestern" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scann%C3%A1in_Iod%C3%A1lacha_faoin_Iarthar_Fi%C3%A1in" title="Scannáin Iodálacha faoin Iarthar Fiáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Scannáin Iodálacha faoin Iarthar Fiáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Spaghetti Western" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%8C%EA%B2%8C%ED%8B%B0_%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4" title="스파게티 웨스턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스파게티 웨스턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Spaghetti Western" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koboi_Italia" title="Koboi Italia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koboi Italia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagett%C3%ADvestri" title="Spagettívestri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spagettívestri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_all%27italiana" title="Western all'italiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Western all'italiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%98%D7%99" title="מערבון ספגטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערבון ספגטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იტალო-ვესტერნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იტალო-ვესტერნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Спагетти-вестерн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Спагетти-вестерн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Spaghetti Western" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spage%C4%8Di%C5%B3_vesternas" title="Spagečių vesternas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Spagečių vesternas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagettiwestern" title="Spagettiwestern – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spagettiwestern" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghettiwestern" title="Spaghettiwestern – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spaghettiwestern" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="マカロニ・ウェスタン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マカロニ・ウェスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghettiwestern" title="Spaghettiwestern – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spaghettiwestern" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti-western" title="Spaghetti-western – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spaghetti-western" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_western" title="Spaghetti western – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spaghetti western" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_western" title="Spaghetti western – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Spaghetti western" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_spaghetti" title="Western spaghetti – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Western spaghetti" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Спагетти-вестерн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спагетти-вестерн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spaghetti Western" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="وێسترن سپاگێتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێسترن سپاگێتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pageti-vestern" title="Špageti-vestern – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Špageti-vestern" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagettiwestern" title="Spagettiwestern – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Spagettiwestern" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghettiv%C3%A4stern" title="Spaghettivästern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spaghettivästern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagetti_Western" title="Spagetti Western – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Spagetti Western" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Спагеті-вестерн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спагеті-вестерн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%85n_T%C3%A2y_%C3%9D" title="Viễn Tây Ý – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viễn Tây Ý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%BC%8F%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="意式西部電影 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="意式西部電影" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%8F%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E7%89%87" title="意大利式西部片 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="意大利式西部片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212781#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Spaghetti_Western" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Spaghetti_Western" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Spaghetti_Western" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&oldid=1257950799" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Spaghetti_Western&id=1257950799&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpaghetti_Western"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpaghetti_Western"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Spaghetti_Western&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spaghetti_Westerns" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212781" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian film genre</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:medium;"><a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Westerns</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.8em 0 1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg/120px-Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg/180px-Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg/240px-Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Media</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerns_on_television" title="Westerns on television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_fiction" title="Western fiction">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_American_Art" title="Western American Art">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_Western" title="Dime Western">Dime novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_comics" title="Western comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_West_shows" title="Wild West shows">Wild West shows</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Western_subgenres" title="List of Western subgenres">Subgenres</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Australian Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic Western">Epic Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Western" title="Gothic Western">Gothic Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_romance_literature" title="Western romance literature">Western romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Lists</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Western_films" title="Lists of Western films">Lists of Western films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Western_fiction_authors" title="List of Western fiction authors">List of Western fiction authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Western_television_series" title="List of Western television series">List of Western television series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Boot_Awards" title="Golden Boot Awards">Golden Boot Awards</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#989898 1px solid;padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Terms</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">Old West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lifestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Western lifestyle">Cowboy culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">Cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter" title="Gunfighter">Gunfighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(stock_character)" title="Outlaw (stock character)">Outlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_draw" title="Fast draw">Quick draw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_saloon" title="Western saloon">Saloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clint_Eastwood_-_1960s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Clint_Eastwood_-_1960s.JPG/250px-Clint_Eastwood_-_1960s.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Clint_Eastwood_-_1960s.JPG/375px-Clint_Eastwood_-_1960s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Clint_Eastwood_-_1960s.JPG/500px-Clint_Eastwood_-_1960s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1141" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Man_with_No_Name" title="Man with No Name">Man with No Name</a> in a publicity image for <i><a href="/wiki/A_Fistful_of_Dollars" title="A Fistful of Dollars">A Fistful of Dollars</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>spaghetti Western</b> is a broad subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western films</a> produced in Europe. It emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a>'s filmmaking style and international box-office success.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was used by foreign critics because most of these Westerns were <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">produced and directed by Italians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the films in the spaghetti Western genre were international <a href="/wiki/Co-production_(media)" title="Co-production (media)">co-productions</a> by Italy and Spain, and sometimes France, West Germany, Britain, Portugal, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the United States. Over six hundred European Westerns were made between 1960 and 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Riling_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riling-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most spaghetti Westerns filmed between 1964 and 1978 were made on low budgets, and shot at <a href="/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0" title="Cinecittà">Cinecittà Studios</a> and various locations around southern Italy and Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-Moliterno_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moliterno-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leone's films and other core spaghetti Westerns are often described as having eschewed, criticized or even "demythologized"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of the conventions of traditional U.S. Westerns. This was partly intentional, and partly the context of a different cultural background.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, the wave of spaghetti Westerns reached its crest, comprising one-third of the Italian film production, only to collapse to one-tenth in 1969. Spaghetti Westerns have left their mark on popular culture, strongly influencing numerous works produced in and outside of Italy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to veteran spaghetti Western actor <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Sambrell" title="Aldo Sambrell">Aldo Sambrell</a>, the phrase <i>spaghetti Western</i> was coined by Spanish journalist Alfonso Sánchez in reference to the Italian food <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti" title="Spaghetti">spaghetti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spaghetti Westerns are also known as <b>Italian Westerns</b> or, primarily in Japan, <b>Macaroni Westerns</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Macaroni_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macaroni-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italy, the genre is typically referred to as <b>western all'italiana</b> (Italian-style Western). <b>Italo-Western</b> is also used, especially in Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similar_concepts">Similar concepts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Similar concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i><b>Eurowesterns</b></i> has been used to broadly refer to all non-Italian Western movies from Europe, including the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West German</a> <a href="/wiki/Winnetou" title="Winnetou">Winnetou</a> films and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Western">Red Western</a> films. Taking its name from the Spanish rice dish, "<a href="/wiki/Paella" title="Paella">Paella</a> Western" has been used to refer to Western films produced in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese film <i><a href="/wiki/Tampopo" title="Tampopo">Tampopo</a></i> was promoted as a "<a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">Ramen</a> Western".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of the films in the spaghetti Western genre were <a href="/wiki/International_co-production" class="mw-redirect" title="International co-production">international coproductions</a> by Italy and Spain, and sometimes France, West Germany, Britain, Portugal, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the United States. Over six hundred European Westerns were made between 1960 and 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Riling_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riling-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These movies were originally released in Italian or with Italian <a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">dubbing</a>, but, as most of the films featured multilingual casts, and sound was post-synched, most <i>western all'italiana</i> do not have an official dominant language.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The typical spaghetti Western team was made up of an Italian director, an Italo-Spanish<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> technical staff, and a cast of Italian, Spanish, and (sometimes) West German and American actors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming_locations">Filming locations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Filming locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Almeria_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Almeria_3.jpg/220px-Almeria_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Almeria_3.jpg/330px-Almeria_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Almeria_3.jpg/440px-Almeria_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Decorations from the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good,_the_Bad,_and_the_Ugly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly">The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a>, Andalusia, Spain</figcaption></figure> <p>Most spaghetti Westerns filmed between 1964 and 1978 were made on low budgets, and shot at <a href="/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0" title="Cinecittà">Cinecittà Studios</a> and various locations around southern Italy and Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-Moliterno_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moliterno-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the stories take place in the dry landscapes of the <a href="/wiki/American_Southwest" class="mw-redirect" title="American Southwest">American Southwest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">Northern Mexico</a>, thus, common filming locations were the <a href="/wiki/Tabernas_Desert" title="Tabernas Desert">Tabernas Desert</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cabo_de_Gata-N%C3%ADjar_Natural_Park" title="Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park">Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park</a>, an area of volcanic origin known for its wide sandy beaches, both of which are in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Province of Almería">Province of Almería</a> in Southeastern Spain. Some sets and studios built for spaghetti Westerns survived as theme parks, such as <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hollywood" title="Texas Hollywood">Texas Hollywood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mini_Hollywood" title="Mini Hollywood">Mini Hollywood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Leone" title="Western Leone">Western Leone</a>, and continue to be used as film sets.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other filming locations used were in <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>, such as the parks of Valle del Treja (between Rome and <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>), the area of Camposecco (next to <a href="/wiki/Camerata_Nuova" title="Camerata Nuova">Camerata Nuova</a>, characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst topography</a>), the hills around <a href="/wiki/Castelluccio_(Norcia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelluccio (Norcia)">Castelluccio</a>, the town of Wuustwezel and the area around the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_d%27Italia" title="Gran Sasso d'Italia">Gran Sasso</a> mountain, and the <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli, Italy">Tivoli</a>'s quarries and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Gun" title="God's Gun">God's Gun</a></i> was filmed in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context_and_origins">Context and origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Context and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_European_Westerns">Early European Westerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early European Westerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>European Westerns are as old as filmmaking itself. The <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Lumière brothers</a> had their first public screening of films in 1895, and already, in 1896, Gabriel Veyre shot <i>Repas d'Indien</i> (<i>Indian Banquet</i>) for them. Joe Hamman starred as Arizona Bill in films made in the French horse country of <a href="/wiki/Camargue" title="Camargue">Camargue</a> (1911–1912).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Italy, the American West as a dramatic setting for spectacles goes back at least as far as <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a>'s 1910 opera <i><a href="/wiki/La_fanciulla_del_West" title="La fanciulla del West">La fanciulla del West</a></i> (<i>The Girl of the West</i>), which is sometimes considered to be the first spaghetti Western.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Western movie made in Italy was <i>La voce del sangue</i>, produced by the Turin film studio <a href="/wiki/Itala_Film" title="Itala Film">Itala Film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1913, <i>La vampira Indiana</i> was released; a combination of Western and vampire film. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincenzo Leone">Vincenzo Leone</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a>, and starred his mother, <a href="/wiki/Bice_Valerian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bice Valerian">Bice Valerian</a>, in the title role as the Indian princess Fatale.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italians also made <a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok" title="Wild Bill Hickok">Wild Bill Hickok</a> films, while the Germans released backwoods Westerns featuring <a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi" title="Bela Lugosi">Bela Lugosi</a> as <a href="/wiki/Uncas" title="Uncas">Uncas</a>. </p><p>Of the Western-related European films before 1964, the one that attracted the most attention is arguably Luis Trenker's <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Kaiser_von_Kalifornien" title="Der Kaiser von Kalifornien">Der Kaiser von Kalifornien</a></i> about <a href="/wiki/John_Sutter" title="John Sutter">John Sutter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Italian Western is <i><a href="/wiki/Girl_of_the_Golden_West_(1942_film)" title="Girl of the Golden West (1942 film)">Girl of the Golden West</a></i>. The film's title alludes to the opera <i><a href="/wiki/La_fanciulla_del_West" title="La fanciulla del West">The Girl of the Golden West</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a>, but is not an adaptation of it. It was one of a handful of Westerns to be made during the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fascist_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist era">Fascist Italy</a> eras.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forerunners of the genre were also <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Ferroni" title="Giorgio Ferroni">Giorgio Ferroni</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Il_fanciullo_del_West" title="Il fanciullo del West">Il fanciullo del West</a></i> (<i>The Boy in the West</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Cerchio" title="Fernando Cerchio">Fernando Cerchio</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Il_bandolero_stanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Il bandolero stanco">Il bandolero stanco</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Erminio_Macario" title="Erminio Macario">Erminio Macario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renato_Rascel" title="Renato Rascel">Renato Rascel</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-CinemaWarII_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CinemaWarII-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DicItCin_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DicItCin-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After World War II, there were scattered European uses of Western settings, mostly for comedy, musical or otherwise. A cycle of Western comedies was initiated in 1959 with <i><a href="/wiki/La_sceriffa" class="mw-redirect" title="La sceriffa">La sceriffa</a></i> and <i>Il terrore dell’Oklahoma</i>, followed by other films starring comedy specialists, such as <a href="/wiki/Walter_Chiari" title="Walter Chiari">Walter Chiari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Tognazzi" title="Ugo Tognazzi">Ugo Tognazzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raimondo_Vianello" title="Raimondo Vianello">Raimondo Vianello</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fernandel" title="Fernandel">Fernandel</a>. An Italian critic has compared these comedies to American <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_of_the_genre">Origins of the genre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Origins of the genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergio_Leone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sergio_Leone.jpg/250px-Sergio_Leone.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sergio_Leone.jpg/375px-Sergio_Leone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sergio_Leone.jpg/500px-Sergio_Leone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a>, one of the most representative directors of the genre</figcaption></figure> <p>The first American-British Western filmed in Spain was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sheriff_of_Fractured_Jaw" title="The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw">The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a>. It was followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Savage_Guns_(1961_film)" title="Savage Guns (1961 film)">Savage Guns</a></i>, a British-Spanish Western, again filmed in Spain. It marked the beginning of Spain as a suitable film-shooting location for any type of European Western. In 1961, an Italian company coproduced the French <i>Taste of Violence</i>, with a <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> theme. In 1963, three non-comedy Italo-Spanish Westerns were produced: <i><a href="/wiki/Gunfight_at_Red_Sands" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunfight at Red Sands">Gunfight at Red Sands</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Implacable_Three" title="Implacable Three">Implacable Three</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Gunfight_at_High_Noon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunfight at High Noon">Gunfight at High Noon</a></i>. </p><p>In 1965, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bozzetto" title="Bruno Bozzetto">Bruno Bozzetto</a> released his <a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">traditionally animated</a> feature film <i><a href="/wiki/West_and_Soda" title="West and Soda">West and Soda</a></i>, a Western <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a> with a marked spaghetti Western-theme; despite having been released a year after Sergio Leone's seminal spaghetti Western, <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i>, development of <i>West and Soda</i> actually began a year earlier than <i>Fistful'</i>s, and lasted longer, mainly because of the use of more time-demanding animation over regular acting. For this reason, Bozzetto claims to have invented the spaghetti Western genre.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because there is no real consensus about where to draw the exact line between spaghetti Westerns and other Eurowesterns (or other Westerns in general), it cannot be said which film is definitively the first spaghetti Western. However, 1964 saw the breakthrough of this genre, with more than twenty productions or coproductions from Italian companies, and more than half a dozen Westerns by Spanish or Spanish-American companies. Furthermore, by far the most commercially successful of this lot was Sergio Leone's <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i>. It was the innovations in cinematic style, music, acting and story of Leone's first Western that decided that spaghetti Westerns became a distinct subgenre and not just a number of films looking like American Westerns.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_Fistful_of_Dollars_and_its_impact"><i>A Fistful of Dollars</i> and its impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: A Fistful of Dollars and its impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this seminal film, Leone used a distinct visual style with large face close ups to tell the story of a hero entering a town that is ruled by two outlaw gangs, and ordinary social relations are nonexistent. The hero betrays and plays the gangs against each other to make money. He uses his cunning and exceptional weapons skill to assist a family threatened by both gangs. His treachery is exposed, and he is severely beaten, but in the end, he defeats the remaining gang. The interactions in this story range between cunning and irony (the tricks, deceits, unexpected actions and sarcasm of the hero), and pathos (terror and brutality against defenseless people and against the hero after his doublecross has been revealed). <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone's</a> innovative score expresses a similar duality between quirky and unusual sounds and instruments, and sacral dramatizing for the big confrontation scenes. Another important novelty was Clint Eastwood's performance as the <a href="/wiki/Man_with_no_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Man with no name">man with no name</a>—an unshaven, sarcastic, insolent Western <a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">antihero</a> with personal goals in mind, and with distinct visuals to boot—the squint, the cigarillo, the poncho, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The spaghetti Western was born, flourished and faded in a highly commercial production environment. The Italian "low" popular film production was usually low-budget and low-profit, and the easiest way to success was imitating a proven success.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the typically low-budget production, <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i>, turned into a remarkable box-office success, the industry eagerly lapped up its innovations. Most subsequent spaghetti Westerns tried to get a ragged, laconic hero with superhuman weapon skill, preferably one who looked like Clint Eastwood: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nero" title="Franco Nero">Franco Nero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Garko" title="Gianni Garko">John Garko</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terence_Hill" title="Terence Hill">Terence Hill</a> started out that way; <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Steffen" title="Anthony Steffen">Anthony Steffen</a> and others stayed that way throughout their spaghetti Western careers. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Martin_-_Una_pistola_per_Ringo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/George_Martin_-_Una_pistola_per_Ringo.jpg/250px-George_Martin_-_Una_pistola_per_Ringo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/George_Martin_-_Una_pistola_per_Ringo.jpg/375px-George_Martin_-_Una_pistola_per_Ringo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/George_Martin_-_Una_pistola_per_Ringo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/A_Pistol_for_Ringo" title="A Pistol for Ringo">A Pistol for Ringo</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Duccio_Tessari" title="Duccio Tessari">Duccio Tessari</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Whoever the hero was, he would join an outlaw gang to further his own secret agenda, as in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Pistol_for_Ringo" title="A Pistol for Ringo">A Pistol for Ringo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_for_a_Silver_Dollar" title="Blood for a Silver Dollar">Blood for a Silver Dollar</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vengeance_Is_a_Dish_Served_Cold" title="Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold">Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Riders" title="Renegade Riders">Renegade Riders</a></i>, and others, while <i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Law_(1968_Italian_film)" title="Beyond the Law (1968 Italian film)">Beyond the Law</a></i> has a bandit infiltrate society and become a sheriff. There would be a flamboyant Mexican bandit (<a href="/wiki/Gian_Maria_Volont%C3%A9" title="Gian Maria Volonté">Gian Maria Volonté</a> from <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i>, otherwise <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Milian" title="Tomas Milian">Tomas Milian</a>, or most often <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sancho" title="Fernando Sancho">Fernando Sancho</a>) and a grumpy old man, often an undertaker, to serve as <a href="/wiki/Sidekick" title="Sidekick">sidekick</a> for the hero. For the love interest, ranchers' daughters, schoolmarms and barroom maidens were overshadowed by young Latin women desired by dangerous men, for which actresses, such as <a href="/wiki/Nicoletta_Machiavelli" title="Nicoletta Machiavelli">Nicoletta Machiavelli</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rosalba_Neri" title="Rosalba Neri">Rosalba Neri</a>, carried on <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Koch" title="Marianne Koch">Marianne Koch</a>'s role of Marisol in the Leone film. The terror of the villains against their defenseless victims became just as ruthless as in <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i>, or more, and their brutalization of the hero when his treachery is disclosed became just as merciless, or more—similar to securing the latter's retribution.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the beginning, some films mixed some of these new devices with the borrowed U.S. Western devices typical for most of the 1963–1964 spaghetti Westerns. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corbucci" title="Sergio Corbucci">Sergio Corbucci</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Clay" title="Minnesota Clay">Minnesota Clay</a></i>, that appeared two months after <i><a href="/wiki/A_Fistful_of_Dollars" title="A Fistful of Dollars">A Fistful of Dollars</a></i>, an American style "tragic gunfighter" hero who confronts two evil gangs, one Mexican and one Anglo, with (as in <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i>) the leader of the latter being the town sheriff.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Oro" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny Oro">Johnny Oro</a></i>, a traditional Western sheriff and a mixed-race bounty killer are forced into an uneasy alliance when Mexican bandits and Native Americans assault the town. In <i>A Pistol for Ringo</i>, a traditional sheriff commissions a money-oriented hero played by <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Gemma" title="Giuliano Gemma">Giuliano Gemma</a> (as deadly but with more pleasing manners than Eastwood's character) to infiltrate a gang of Mexican bandits whose leader is played typically by <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sancho" title="Fernando Sancho">Fernando Sancho</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_developments_of_the_genre">Further developments of the genre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further developments of the genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with Leone's first Western, the <a href="/wiki/Dollars_Trilogy" title="Dollars Trilogy">Dollars Trilogy</a> strongly influenced the further developments of the genre, as did Sergio Corbucci's <i>Django</i> and Enzo Barboni's two Trinity films, as well as some other successful spaghetti Westerns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_a_Few_Dollars_More_and_unstable_partnerships"><i>For a Few Dollars More</i> and unstable partnerships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: For a Few Dollars More and unstable partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After 1965, when Leone's second Western, <i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Few_Dollars_More" title="For a Few Dollars More">For a Few Dollars More</a></i>, brought a larger box-office success, the profession of bounty hunter became the choice of occupation of spaghetti Western heroes in films, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Colt" title="Arizona Colt">Arizona Colt</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vengeance_Is_Mine_(1968_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vengeance Is Mine (1968 film)">Vengeance Is Mine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Thousand_Dollars_for_a_Massacre" title="Ten Thousand Dollars for a Massacre">Ten Thousand Dollars for a Massacre</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ugly_Ones" title="The Ugly Ones">The Ugly Ones</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Men_Don%27t_Count" title="Dead Men Don't Count">Dead Men Don't Count</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Any_Gun_Can_Play" title="Any Gun Can Play">Any Gun Can Play</a></i>. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Silence" title="The Great Silence">The Great Silence</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Minute_to_Pray,_a_Second_to_Die_(film)" title="A Minute to Pray, a Second to Die (film)">A Minute to Pray, a Second to Die</a></i>, the heroes instead fight bounty killers. During this era, many heroes and villains in spaghetti Westerns began carrying a musical watch, after its ingenious use in <i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Few_Dollars_More" title="For a Few Dollars More">For a Few Dollars More</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spaghetti Westerns also began featuring a pair of different heroes. In Leone's film, Eastwood's character is an unshaven bounty hunter, dressed similarly to his character in <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i>, who enters an unstable partnership with Colonel Mortimer (<a href="/wiki/Lee_Van_Cleef" title="Lee Van Cleef">Lee Van Cleef</a>), an older bounty killer who uses more sophisticated weaponry and wears a suit, and, in the end, turns out to also be an avenger. In the following years, there was a deluge of spaghetti Westerns with a pair of heroes with (most often) conflicting motives. Examples include a lawman and an outlaw (<i><a href="/wiki/And_the_Crows_Will_Dig_Your_Grave" title="And the Crows Will Dig Your Grave">And the Crows Will Dig Your Grave</a></i>), an army officer and an outlaw (<i><a href="/wiki/Bury_Them_Deep" title="Bury Them Deep">Bury Them Deep</a></i>), an avenger and a (covert) army officer (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Run_Red_(1966_film)" title="The Hills Run Red (1966 film)">The Hills Run Red</a></i>), an avenger and a (covert) guilty party (<i>Viva! Django</i> aka <i><a href="/wiki/W_Django!" title="W Django!">W Django!</a></i>), an avenger and a con-man (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Outlaws" title="The Dirty Outlaws">The Dirty Outlaws</a></i>), an outlaw posing as a sheriff and a bounty hunter (<i>Man With the Golden Pistol</i> aka <i><a href="/wiki/Doc,_Hands_of_Steel" title="Doc, Hands of Steel">Doc, Hands of Steel</a></i>), and an outlaw posing as his twin and a bounty hunter posing as a sheriff (<i><a href="/wiki/A_Few_Dollars_for_Django" title="A Few Dollars for Django">A Few Dollars for Django</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theme of age in <i>For a Few Dollars More</i>, in which the younger bounty killer learns valuable lessons from his more experienced colleague and eventually becomes his equal, is taken up in <i><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Anger" title="Day of Anger">Day of Anger</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Death_Rides_a_Horse" title="Death Rides a Horse">Death Rides a Horse</a></i>. In both cases, Lee Van Cleef carries on as the older hero versus Giuliano Gemma and John Phillip Law, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zapata_Westerns">Zapata Westerns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Zapata Westerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Chili con carnage" redirects here. For the 2007 video game, see <a href="/wiki/Chili_Con_Carnage" title="Chili Con Carnage">Chili Con Carnage</a>.</div> <p>One variant of the hero pair was a revolutionary Mexican bandit and a mostly money-oriented American from the United States frontier. These films are sometimes called Zapata Westerns.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first was <a href="/wiki/Damiano_Damiani" title="Damiano Damiani">Damiano Damiani</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Bullet_for_the_General" title="A Bullet for the General">A Bullet for the General</a></i> and then followed <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Sollima" title="Sergio Sollima">Sergio Sollima</a>'s trilogy: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Gundown" title="The Big Gundown">The Big Gundown</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Face_to_Face_(1967_film)" title="Face to Face (1967 film)">Face to Face</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Run,_Man,_Run" title="Run, Man, Run">Run, Man, Run</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corbucci" title="Sergio Corbucci">Sergio Corbucci</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mercenary_(film)" title="The Mercenary (film)">The Mercenary</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Compa%C3%B1eros_(film)" title="Compañeros (film)">Compañeros</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tepepa" title="Tepepa">Tepepa</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Petroni" title="Giulio Petroni">Giulio Petroni</a> are also considered Zapata Westerns. Many of these films enjoyed both good takes at the box office and attention from critics. They are often interpreted as a leftist critique of the typical Hollywood handling of the Mexican Revolution, and of imperialism in general.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Good,_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly_and_universal_betrayal"><span id="The_Good.2C_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly_and_universal_betrayal"></span><i>The Good, the Bad and the Ugly</i> and universal betrayal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly and universal betrayal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianni_Garko_and_Cris_Huerta_-_Uomo_avvisato_mezzo_ammazzato..._parola_di_Spirito_Santo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gianni_Garko_and_Cris_Huerta_-_Uomo_avvisato_mezzo_ammazzato..._parola_di_Spirito_Santo.png/220px-Gianni_Garko_and_Cris_Huerta_-_Uomo_avvisato_mezzo_ammazzato..._parola_di_Spirito_Santo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gianni_Garko_and_Cris_Huerta_-_Uomo_avvisato_mezzo_ammazzato..._parola_di_Spirito_Santo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Garko" title="Gianni Garko">Gianni Garko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cris_Huerta" title="Cris Huerta">Cris Huerta</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Was_Holy_Ghost" title="His Name Was Holy Ghost">His Name Was Holy Ghost</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Carnimeo" title="Giuliano Carnimeo">Giuliano Carnimeo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Leone's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good,_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly" title="The Good, the Bad and the Ugly">The Good, the Bad and the Ugly</a></i> there is still the scheme of a pair of heroes vs. a villain but it is somewhat relaxed, as here all three parties were driven by a money motive. In subsequent films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Any_Gun_Can_Play" title="Any Gun Can Play">Any Gun Can Play</a></i> (whose Italian title, "<i>Vado... l'ammazzo e torno</i>", is itself a quote from Leone's film), <i><a href="/wiki/One_Dollar_Too_Many" title="One Dollar Too Many">One Dollar Too Many</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Kill_Them_All_and_Come_Back_Alone" title="Kill Them All and Come Back Alone">Kill Them All and Come Back Alone</a></i> several main characters repeatedly form alliances and betray each other for monetary gain.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Sabata_(film)" title="Sabata (film)">Sabata</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/If_You_Meet_Sartana_Pray_for_Your_Death" title="If You Meet Sartana Pray for Your Death">If You Meet Sartana Pray for Your Death</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Parolini" title="Gianfranco Parolini">Gianfranco Parolini</a>, introduce into similar betrayal environments a type of hero molded on the Mortimer character from <i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Few_Dollars_More" title="For a Few Dollars More">For a Few Dollars More</a></i>, only without any vengeance motive and with more outrageous trick weapons. Fittingly enough Sabata is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Van_Cleef" title="Lee Van Cleef">Lee Van Cleef</a> himself, while <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Garko" title="Gianni Garko">John Garko</a> plays the very similar <a href="/wiki/Sartana" title="Sartana">Sartana</a> protagonist. Parolini made some more Sabata movies, while <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Carnimeo" title="Giuliano Carnimeo">Giuliano Carnimeo</a> made a whole series of Sartana films with Garko.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Django_and_the_tragic_hero"><i>Django</i> and the tragic hero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Django and the tragic hero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beside the first three spaghetti Westerns by Leone, a most influential film was <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corbucci" title="Sergio Corbucci">Sergio Corbucci</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Django_(1966_film)" title="Django (1966 film)">Django</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nero" title="Franco Nero">Franco Nero</a>. Django was one of the most violent spaghetti Westerns. <a href="/wiki/Django_(character)" title="Django (character)">The titular character</a> is torn between several motives—money or revenge—and his choices bring misery to him and to a woman close to him. Indicative of this film's influence on the spaghetti Western style, "Django" is the hero's name in a plenitude of subsequent Westerns.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although his character is not named Django, Franco Nero brings a similar ambience to <i><a href="/wiki/Texas,_Adios" title="Texas, Adios">Texas, Adios</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Massacre_Time" title="Massacre Time">Massacre Time</a></i>, in which the hero must confront surprising and dangerous family relations. Similar "prodigal son"<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stories followed, including <i><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Moll" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuck Moll">Chuck Moll</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Keoma_(film)" title="Keoma (film)">Keoma</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Ringo" title="The Return of Ringo">The Return of Ringo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Pistolero" title="The Forgotten Pistolero">The Forgotten Pistolero</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/One_Thousand_Dollars_on_the_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="One Thousand Dollars on the Black">One Thousand Dollars on the Black</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hamlet" title="Johnny Hamlet">Johnny Hamlet</a></i> and also <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Dollars_on_the_Red" title="Seven Dollars on the Red">Seven Dollars on the Red</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another type of wronged hero is set up and must clear himself from accusations. <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Gemma" title="Giuliano Gemma">Giuliano Gemma</a> starred in a series of successful films carrying this theme—<i><a href="/wiki/Adi%C3%B3s_gringo" title="Adiós gringo">Adiós gringo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Few_Extra_Dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="For a Few Extra Dollars">For a Few Extra Dollars</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Days_of_Vengeance" title="Long Days of Vengeance">Long Days of Vengeance</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wanted_(1967_film)" title="Wanted (1967 film)">Wanted</a></i> and, to some extent, <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_for_a_Silver_Dollar" title="Blood for a Silver Dollar">Blood for a Silver Dollar</a></i>—in which his character is most often called "Gary".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wronged hero who becomes an avenger appears in many spaghetti Westerns. Among the more commercially successful films with a hero dedicated to vengeance—<i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Few_Dollars_More" title="For a Few Dollars More">For a Few Dollars More</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_the_West" title="Once Upon a Time in the West">Once Upon a Time in the West</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Today_We_Kill..._Tomorrow_We_Die!" title="Today We Kill... Tomorrow We Die!">Today We Kill... Tomorrow We Die!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Reason_to_Live,_a_Reason_to_Die" title="A Reason to Live, a Reason to Die">A Reason to Live, a Reason to Die</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Death_Rides_a_Horse" title="Death Rides a Horse">Death Rides a Horse</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Django,_Prepare_a_Coffin" title="Django, Prepare a Coffin">Django, Prepare a Coffin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Deserter_(1971_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Deserter (1971 film)">The Deserter</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hate_for_Hate" title="Hate for Hate">Hate for Hate</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Halleluja_for_Django" title="Halleluja for Django">Halleluja for Django</a>—</i>those with whom he cooperates typically have conflicting motivations.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Trinity"_films_and_the_triumph_of_comedy"><span id=".22Trinity.22_films_and_the_triumph_of_comedy"></span>"Trinity" films and the triumph of comedy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Trinity" films and the triumph of comedy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png/250px-Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png/375px-Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png/500px-Lo_chiamavano_Trinit%C3%A0.png 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bud_Spencer" title="Bud Spencer">Bud Spencer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terence_Hill" title="Terence Hill">Terence Hill</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/They_Call_Me_Trinity" title="They Call Me Trinity">They Call Me Trinity</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Barboni" title="Enzo Barboni">Enzo Barboni</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1968, the wave of spaghetti Westerns reached its crest, comprising one-third of the Italian film production, only to collapse to one-tenth in 1969. However, the considerable box-office success of <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Barboni" title="Enzo Barboni">Enzo Barboni</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/They_Call_Me_Trinity" title="They Call Me Trinity">They Call Me Trinity</a></i> and its pyramidal follow-up, <i><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Is_Still_My_Name" title="Trinity Is Still My Name">Trinity Is Still My Name</a></i>, gave Italian filmmakers a new model to emulate. The main characters were played by <a href="/wiki/Terence_Hill" title="Terence Hill">Terence Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bud_Spencer" title="Bud Spencer">Bud Spencer</a>, who had already cooperated as a pair of heroes in three earlier spaghetti Westerns, <i><a href="/wiki/God_Forgives..._I_Don%27t!" title="God Forgives... I Don't!">God Forgives... I Don't!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Boot_Hill_(film)" title="Boot Hill (film)">Boot Hill</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ace_High_(1968_film)" title="Ace High (1968 film)">Ace High</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Colizzi" title="Giuseppe Colizzi">Giuseppe Colizzi</a>. The humor started in those movies, with scenes with comedy fighting, but the Barboni films became burlesque comedies. They feature the quick but lazy Trinity (Hill) and his big, strong and irritable brother, Bambino (Spencer).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stories lampoon stereotypical Western characters, such as diligent farmers, lawmen and bounty hunters. There was a wave of Trinity-inspired films with quick and strong heroes, the former often called "Trinity", or coming from "a place called Trinity", and with few or no killings. Because the two model stories contained religious pacifists to account for the absence of gunplay, all of the successors contained religious groups, or, at least, priests, sometimes as one of the heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The music for the two Trinity Westerns (composed by <a href="/wiki/Franco_Micalizzi" title="Franco Micalizzi">Franco Micalizzi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guido_%26_Maurizio_De_Angelis" title="Guido & Maurizio De Angelis">Guido & Maurizio De Angelis</a>, respectively) also reflected the change to a lighter and more sentimental mood. The Trinity-inspired films also adopted this less serious and often-maligned style.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some critics deplore these post-Trinity films and their soundtracks as a degeneration of the "real" spaghetti Westerns. Indeed, Hill's and Spencer's skillful use of body language was a hard act to follow, and it is significant that the most successful of the post-Trinity films featured Hill (<i><a href="/wiki/Man_of_the_East" title="Man of the East">Man of the East</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Genius,_Two_Partners_and_a_Dupe" title="A Genius, Two Partners and a Dupe">A Genius, Two Partners and a Dupe</a></i>), Spencer (<i><a href="/wiki/It_Can_Be_Done_Amigo" title="It Can Be Done Amigo">It Can Be Done Amigo</a></i>) and a pair of Hill-Spencer lookalikes in <i>Carambola</i>. A spaghetti Western old hand, <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nero" title="Franco Nero">Franco Nero</a>, also worked in this subgenre with <i><a href="/wiki/Cipolla_Colt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cipolla Colt">Cipolla Colt</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Milian" title="Tomas Milian">Tomas Milian</a> plays an outrageous "quick" bounty hunter modeled on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Tramp" title="The Tramp">Little Tramp</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Tough,_Eh_Providence%3F" title="Life Is Tough, Eh Providence?">Sometimes Life Is Hard, Eh Providence?</a></i> and <i>Here We Go Again, Eh, Providence?</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twilight_of_the_genre">Twilight of the genre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Twilight of the genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terence Hill could still draw large audiences in a post-Trinity Western, <i><a href="/wiki/My_Name_Is_Nobody" title="My Name Is Nobody">My Name Is Nobody</a></i>, with Henry Fonda, and a <a href="/wiki/Caper_story" title="Caper story">caper-story</a> Western, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Genius,_Two_Partners_and_a_Dupe" title="A Genius, Two Partners and a Dupe">A Genius, Two Partners and a Dupe</a></i>. The following year, Franco Nero achieved a similar draw as a Django-style hero in <i><a href="/wiki/Keoma_(film)" title="Keoma (film)">Keoma</a></i>. However, by the end of the 1970s, the different types of spaghetti Westerns had lost their following among mainstream cinema audiences, and the production ground to a virtual halt. Belated attempts to revive the genre included the comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Goes_West" title="Buddy Goes West">Buddy Goes West</a></i> and a Spanish-American coproduction, <i><a href="/wiki/Comin%27_at_Ya!" title="Comin' at Ya!">Comin' at Ya!</a></i>, which was shot in <a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Django_Strikes_Again" title="Django Strikes Again">Django Strikes Again</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_notable_themes">Other notable themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other notable themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Cult"_spaghetti_Westerns"><span id=".22Cult.22_spaghetti_Westerns"></span>"Cult" spaghetti Westerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: "Cult" spaghetti Westerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some movies that were not very successful at the box office<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still earn a "cult" status in some segment of the audience because of certain extraordinary features in story and/or presentation. One "cult" spaghetti Western that has also drawn attention from critics is <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Questi" title="Giulio Questi">Giulio Questi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Django_Kill" class="mw-redirect" title="Django Kill">Django Kill</a></i>. Other "cult" items are <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Canevari" title="Cesare Canevari">Cesare Canevari</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Matalo!" title="Matalo!">Matalo!</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Anthony_(actor)" title="Tony Anthony (actor)">Tony Anthony</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Blindman" title="Blindman">Blindman</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Luis_Romero_Marchent" title="Joaquín Luis Romero Marchent">Joaquín Luis Romero Marchent</a>'s <i>Cut-Throats Nine</i> (the latter among <a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">gore film</a> audiences). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_backgrounds">Historical backgrounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historical backgrounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The few spaghetti Westerns containing historical characters such as <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bill" title="Buffalo Bill">Buffalo Bill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Earp" title="Wyatt Earp">Wyatt Earp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_the_Kid" title="Billy the Kid">Billy the Kid</a>, etc., appear mainly before <i><a href="/wiki/A_Fistful_of_Dollars" title="A Fistful of Dollars">A Fistful of Dollars</a></i> had put its mark on the genre. Likewise, and in contrast to the contemporary German Westerns, few films feature <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a>. When they appear, they are more often portrayed as victims of discrimination than as dangerous foes. The only fairly successful spaghetti Western with a Native American main character (played by <a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> in his only European Western outing) is <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corbucci" title="Sergio Corbucci">Sergio Corbucci</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Joe" title="Navajo Joe">Navajo Joe</a></i>, in which the (supposedly) Navajo village is wiped out by bandits during the first minutes, and the avenger hero spends the rest of the film dealing mostly with Anglos and Mexicans until the final showdown at a Native American burial ground. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_myths_and_classic_literature">Ancient myths and classic literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ancient myths and classic literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_pistolero_dell_Ave_Maria_-_1969_Mann.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Il_pistolero_dell_Ave_Maria_-_1969_Mann.png/220px-Il_pistolero_dell_Ave_Maria_-_1969_Mann.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Il_pistolero_dell_Ave_Maria_-_1969_Mann.png/330px-Il_pistolero_dell_Ave_Maria_-_1969_Mann.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Il_pistolero_dell_Ave_Maria_-_1969_Mann.png/440px-Il_pistolero_dell_Ave_Maria_-_1969_Mann.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Pistolero" title="The Forgotten Pistolero">The Forgotten Pistolero</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Baldi" title="Ferdinando Baldi">Ferdinando Baldi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Several spaghetti Westerns are inspired by classical myths and dramas. Titles, such as <i>Fedra West</i> (also called <i><a href="/wiki/Ballad_of_a_Bounty_Hunter" title="Ballad of a Bounty Hunter">Ballad of a Bounty Hunter</a></i>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hamlet" title="Johnny Hamlet">Johnny Hamlet</a></i>, signify the connection to <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek myth</a>, the plays by <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(play)" title="Hippolytus (play)">Euripides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A8dre" title="Phèdre">Racine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">play</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, respectively. The latter also inspired 1972's <i>Dust in the Sun</i>, which follows the original more closely than Johnny Hamlet, in which the hero survives. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Pistolero" title="The Forgotten Pistolero">The Forgotten Pistolero</a></i> is based on the vengeance of <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a>. There are similarities between the story of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Ringo" title="The Return of Ringo">The Return of Ringo</a></i> and the last canto of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fury_of_Johnny_Kid" title="Fury of Johnny Kid">Fury of Johnny Kid</a></i> follows Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i>, but (again) with a different ending; the loving couple leave together while their families annihilate each other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musicals">Musicals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Musicals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Italian Western films were made as vehicles for musical stars, such as <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Baldi" title="Ferdinando Baldi">Ferdinando Baldi</a>'s <i>Rita of the West</i>, featuring <a href="/wiki/Rita_Pavone" title="Rita Pavone">Rita Pavone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terence_Hill" title="Terence Hill">Terence Hill</a>. In non-singing roles were <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a> as a villain in <i><a href="/wiki/Blindman" title="Blindman">Blindman</a></i> and French rock 'n' roll veteran <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hallyday" title="Johnny Hallyday">Johnny Hallyday</a> as the gunfighter and avenger hero in <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corbucci" title="Sergio Corbucci">Sergio Corbucci</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Gli_specialisti" class="mw-redirect" title="Gli specialisti">The Specialists</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asian_connections">East Asian connections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: East Asian connections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story of <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i> was closely based on <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Yojimbo_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yojimbo (film)">Yojimbo</a></i>. Kurosawa sued Sergio Leone for plagiarism, and was compensated with the exclusive distribution rights to the movie in Japan, where its hero, Clint Eastwood, was already a huge star due to the popularity of the TV series, <i>Rawhide</i>. Leone would have done far better financially by obtaining Kurosawa's advance permission to use <i>Yojimbo'</i>s script.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Requiem_for_a_Gringo" title="Requiem for a Gringo">Requiem for a Gringo</a></i> shows many traces from another well-known Japanese film, <a href="/wiki/Masaki_Kobayashi" title="Masaki Kobayashi">Masaki Kobayashi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Harakiri_(1962_film)" title="Harakiri (1962 film)">Harakiri</a></i>. </p><p>When Asian <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">martial arts films</a> started to draw crowds in European cinema houses, the producers of spaghetti Westerns tried to hang on, this time not by adapting storylines, but rather by directly including martial arts in the films, performed by Eastern actors—for example, Chen Lee in <i><a href="/wiki/My_Name_Is_Shanghai_Joe" class="mw-redirect" title="My Name Is Shanghai Joe">My Name Is Shanghai Joe</a></i>, or <a href="/wiki/Lo_Lieh" title="Lo Lieh">Lo Lieh</a> teaming up with <a href="/wiki/Lee_Van_Cleef" title="Lee Van Cleef">Lee Van Cleef</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stranger_and_the_Gunfighter" title="The Stranger and the Gunfighter">The Stranger and the Gunfighter</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_allegories">Political allegories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Political allegories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PierPaoloPasolini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/PierPaoloPasolini.jpg/250px-PierPaoloPasolini.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/PierPaoloPasolini.jpg/375px-PierPaoloPasolini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/PierPaoloPasolini.jpg/500px-PierPaoloPasolini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some spaghetti Westerns incorporate political overtones, particularly from the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">political left</a>. An example is <i><a href="/wiki/Requiescant" title="Requiescant">Requiescant</a></i>, featuring Italian author and film director <a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a> as a major supporting character. Pasolini's character is a priest who espouses <a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a>. The film concerns oppression of poor Mexicans by rich Anglos, and ends on a call for arms, but it does not fit easily as a <a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a>, for it lacks the typical hero pair of a flamboyant Latin revolutionary and an Anglo specialist. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Price_of_Power" title="The Price of Power">The Price of Power</a></i> serves a political allegory about the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a> and racism. The movie concerns the assassination of an American president in Dallas, Texas, by a group of Southern white supremacists who frame an innocent African-American. They are opposed by an unstable partnership between a whistleblower (<a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Gemma" title="Giuliano Gemma">Giuliano Gemma</a>) and a political aide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Homosexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although it is intimated in some films, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Django_Kill" class="mw-redirect" title="Django Kill">Django Kill</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Requiescant" title="Requiescant">Requiescant</a></i>, open homosexuality plays a marginal part in spaghetti Westerns. An exception is <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Capitani" title="Giorgio Capitani">Giorgio Capitani</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ruthless_Four" title="The Ruthless Four">The Ruthless Four</a></i> (in effect a gay version of <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Treasure_of_the_Sierra_Madre_(film)" title="The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)">The Treasure of the Sierra Madre</a></i>), in which the explicit homosexual relation between two of its male main characters and some gay cueing scenes are embedded with other forms of man-to-man relations through the story.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1960s, critics recognized that the American genres were rapidly changing. The genre most identifiably American, the Western, seemed to be evolving into a new, rougher form. For many critics, <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a>'s films were part of the problem. Leone's <i><a href="/wiki/Dollars_Trilogy" title="Dollars Trilogy">Dollars Trilogy</a></i> (1964–1966) was not the beginning of the "spaghetti Western" cycle in Italy, but for some Americans, Leone's films represented the true beginning of the Italian invasion of an American genre. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Frayling" title="Christopher Frayling">Christopher Frayling</a>, in his noted book on the Italian Western, describes American critical reception of the spaghetti Western cycle as, to "a large extent, confined to a sterile debate about the 'cultural roots' of the American/Hollywood Western".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remarked that few critics dared admit that they were, in fact, "bored with an exhausted Hollywood genre". </p><p>Frayling noted that <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a> was willing to acknowledge this critical ennui, and thus appreciate how a film like Akira Kurosawa's <i>Yojimbo</i> "could exploit the conventions of the Western genre, while debunking its morality". Frayling and other film scholars, such as Bondanella, argue that this revisionism was the key to Leone's success, and, to some degree, to that of the spaghetti Western genre as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ennio_Morricone_Cannes_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ennio_Morricone_Cannes_2007.jpg/220px-Ennio_Morricone_Cannes_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ennio_Morricone_Cannes_2007.jpg/330px-Ennio_Morricone_Cannes_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ennio_Morricone_Cannes_2007.jpg/440px-Ennio_Morricone_Cannes_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="2067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a>'s (pictured) composition "<a href="/wiki/The_Ecstasy_of_Gold" title="The Ecstasy of Gold">The Ecstasy of Gold</a>" from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good,_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly" title="The Good, the Bad and the Ugly">The Good, the Bad and the Ugly</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a> is used by American metal band <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> to open several of their concerts.</figcaption></figure> <p>Spaghetti Westerns have left their mark on popular culture, strongly influencing numerous works produced in and outside of Italy. In later years, there were the "return-of stories" films <i><a href="/wiki/Django_Strikes_Again" title="Django Strikes Again">Django Strikes Again</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nero" title="Franco Nero">Franco Nero</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Troublemakers_(1994_film)" title="Troublemakers (1994 film)">Troublemakers</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Terence_Hill" title="Terence Hill">Terence Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bud_Spencer" title="Bud Spencer">Bud Spencer</a>. Clint Eastwood's first American Western film, <i><a href="/wiki/Hang_%27Em_High" title="Hang 'Em High">Hang 'Em High</a></i>, incorporates elements of spaghetti Westerns. </p><p>American director <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> has utilized elements of spaghetti Westerns in his films <i><a href="/wiki/Kill_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Kill Bill">Kill Bill</a></i> (combined with <a href="/wiki/Kung_fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung fu">kung fu</a> movies),<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Inglourious_Basterds" title="Inglourious Basterds">Inglourious Basterds</a></i> (set in Nazi-occupied France),<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Django_Unchained" title="Django Unchained">Django Unchained</a></i> (set in the American South during the time of slavery),<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hateful_Eight" title="The Hateful Eight">The Hateful Eight</a></i> (set in Wyoming post-US Civil War), and <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Hollywood" title="Once Upon a Time in Hollywood">Once Upon a Time in Hollywood</a></i> (about fictional American actor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Dalton" class="mw-redirect" title="Rick Dalton">Rick Dalton</a> sometimes working in spaghetti Westerns). </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)" title="Back to the Future (franchise)">Back to the Future</a></i> trilogy pays homage to spaghetti Westerns (especially Sergio Leone's Dollars Trilogy) on a variety of occasions, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_III" title="Back to the Future Part III">the third film</a>. The American animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Rango_(2011_film)" title="Rango (2011 film)">Rango</a></i> incorporates elements of spaghetti Westerns, including a character (the mystical "Spirit of the West", regarded as a sort of <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deity</a> among the characters) appearing to the protagonist as an elderly Man with No Name. The 1985 Japanese film <i><a href="/wiki/Tampopo" title="Tampopo">Tampopo</a></i> was promoted as a "<a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> Western". Japanese director <a href="/wiki/Takashi_Miike" title="Takashi Miike">Takashi Miike</a> paid tribute to the genre with <i><a href="/wiki/Sukiyaki_Western_Django" title="Sukiyaki Western Django">Sukiyaki Western Django</a></i>, a Western set in Japan that derives influence from both <i>Django</i> and the Dollars Trilogy.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Sholay" title="Sholay">Sholay</a></i> was often referred to as a "<a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">Curry</a> Western".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more accurate genre label for the film is the "<a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a>", as it combined the conventions of Indian <a href="/wiki/Dacoit_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit film">dacoit films</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_India" title="Mother India">Mother India</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Gunga_Jumna" title="Gunga Jumna">Gunga Jumna</a></i>, with that of spaghetti Westerns. <i>Sholay</i> spawned its own genre of "Dacoit Western" films in Bollywood during the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Teo_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teo-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the spaghetti Western was adapted into the <a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a> ("Eastern") genre of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet films">Soviet films</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wild_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild West">Wild West</a> setting was replaced by an Eastern setting in the <a href="/wiki/Steppes" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppes">steppes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, while Western stock characters, such as "<a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a>", were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Caucasian</a> stock characters, such as <a href="/wiki/Bandits" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandits">bandits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harems" class="mw-redirect" title="Harems">harems</a>. A famous example of the genre was <i><a href="/wiki/White_Sun_of_the_Desert" title="White Sun of the Desert">White Sun of the Desert</a></i>, which was <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of highest-grossing films in the Soviet Union">popular in the Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American heavy metal band <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> has used a <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a>'s composition, "<a href="/wiki/The_Ecstasy_of_Gold" title="The Ecstasy of Gold">The Ecstasy of Gold</a>", from <i>The Good, the Bad and the Ugly</i>, to open several of their concerts. An Australian band, <a href="/wiki/The_Tango_Saloon" title="The Tango Saloon">the Tango Saloon</a>, combined elements of <a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">tango music</a> with influences from spaghetti Western scores. The band <a href="/wiki/Ghoultown" title="Ghoultown">Ghoultown</a> also derives influence from spaghetti Westerns.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music video for the song "<a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Cydonia" title="Knights of Cydonia">Knights of Cydonia</a>", by the English rock band <a href="/wiki/Muse_(band)" title="Muse (band)">Muse</a>, is influenced by spaghetti Westerns. The band <a href="/wiki/Big_Audio_Dynamite" title="Big Audio Dynamite">Big Audio Dynamite</a> used music samples from spaghetti Westerns when mixing their song "<a href="/wiki/This_Is_Big_Audio_Dynamite" title="This Is Big Audio Dynamite">Medicine Show</a>". Within the song, there are samples from spaghetti Western movies such as <i>A Fistful of Dollars</i>, <i>The Good, the Bad and the Ugly</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Duck,_You_Sucker!" title="Duck, You Sucker!">Duck, You Sucker!</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Video game studio <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a> utilized aspects of the spaghetti Western, and paid homage to it in their <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Dead_Redemption" title="Red Dead Redemption">Red Dead Redemption</a></i> series, as well as in its predecessor, <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Dead_Revolver" title="Red Dead Revolver">Red Dead Revolver</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrospective_of_the_Venice_Film_Festival">Retrospective of the Venice Film Festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Retrospective of the Venice Film Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Festival_di_Venezia_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Festival_di_Venezia_2018.jpg/220px-Festival_di_Venezia_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Festival_di_Venezia_2018.jpg/330px-Festival_di_Venezia_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Festival_di_Venezia_2018.jpg/440px-Festival_di_Venezia_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>, the world's oldest film festival and one of the "Big Five" international film festivals worldwide, which include the <a href="/wiki/Film_festival#Notable_festivals" title="Film festival">Big Three European Film Festivals</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Film Festival">Toronto Film Festival</a> in Canada and the <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance Film Festival</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2007, a <a href="/wiki/Retrospective" title="Retrospective">retrospective</a> took place as part of the <a href="/wiki/Venice_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice International Film Festival">Venice International Film Festival</a> to pay homage to the genre. The retrospective included 32 films:<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_from_Texas" title="The Seven from Texas">The Seven from Texas</a></i> (1964) by <a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Luis_Romero_Marchent" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquin Luis Romero Marchent">Joaquin Luis Romero Marchent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/100.000_dollari_per_Ringo" title="100.000 dollari per Ringo">100.000 dollari per Ringo</a></i> (1965) by <a href="/wiki/Alberto_De_Martino" title="Alberto De Martino">Alberto De Martino</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Ringo" title="The Return of Ringo">The Return of Ringo</a></i> (1965) by <a href="/wiki/Duccio_Tessari" title="Duccio Tessari">Duccio Tessari</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Savage_Gringo" title="Savage Gringo">Savage Gringo</a></i> (1965) by <a href="/wiki/Mario_Bava" title="Mario Bava">Mario Bava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rom%C3%A1n" title="Antonio Román">Antonio Román</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_for_a_Silver_Dollar" title="Blood for a Silver Dollar">Blood for a Silver Dollar</a></i> (1965) by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Ferroni" title="Giorgio Ferroni">Giorgio Ferroni</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Django_(1966_film)" title="Django (1966 film)">Django</a></i> (1965) - Full version - by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corbucci" title="Sergio Corbucci">Sergio Corbucci</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ugly_Ones" title="The Ugly Ones">The Ugly Ones</a></i> (1966) by <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenio Martin">Eugenio Martin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Gundown" title="The Big Gundown">The Big Gundown</a></i> (1966) by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Sollima" title="Sergio Sollima">Sergio Sollima</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Joe" title="Navajo Joe">Navajo Joe</a></i> (1966) by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corbucci" title="Sergio Corbucci">Sergio Corbucci</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Colt" title="Sugar Colt">Sugar Colt</a></i> (1966) by <a href="/wiki/Franco_Giraldi" title="Franco Giraldi">Franco Giraldi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Run_Red_(1966_film)" title="The Hills Run Red (1966 film)">The Hills Run Red</a></i> (1966) by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Lizzani" title="Carlo Lizzani">Carlo Lizzani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yankee_(film)" title="Yankee (film)">Yankee</a></i> (1966) by <a href="/wiki/Tinto_Brass" title="Tinto Brass">Tinto Brass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Thousand_Dollars_for_a_Massacre" title="Ten Thousand Dollars for a Massacre">Ten Thousand Dollars for a Massacre</a></i> (1967) by <a href="/wiki/Romolo_Guerrieri" title="Romolo Guerrieri">Romolo Guerrieri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Outlaws" title="The Dirty Outlaws">The Dirty Outlaws</a></i> (1967) by <a href="/wiki/Franco_Rossetti" title="Franco Rossetti">Franco Rossetti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_tempo_degli_avvoltoi" title="Il tempo degli avvoltoi">Il tempo degli avvoltoi</a></i> (1967) by <a href="/wiki/Nando_Cicero" title="Nando Cicero">Nando Cicero</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_morte_non_conta_i_dollari" title="La morte non conta i dollari">La morte non conta i dollari</a></i> (1967) by <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Freda" title="Riccardo Freda">Riccardo Freda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Django_Kill..._If_You_Live,_Shoot!" title="Django Kill... If You Live, Shoot!">Django Kill... If You Live, Shoot!</a></i> (1967) - Full version - by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Questi" title="Giulio Questi">Giulio Questi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ruthless_Four" title="The Ruthless Four">The Ruthless Four</a></i> (1967) by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Capitani" title="Giorgio Capitani">Giorgio Capitani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Django,_Prepare_a_Coffin" title="Django, Prepare a Coffin">Django, Prepare a Coffin</a></i> (1967) by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Baldi" title="Ferdinando Baldi">Ferdinando Baldi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tepepa" title="Tepepa">Tepepa</a></i> (1968) by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Petroni" title="Giulio Petroni">Giulio Petroni</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Noose_for_Django" title="A Noose for Django">A Noose for Django</a></i> (1968) by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Garrone" title="Sergio Garrone">Sergio Garrone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/And_God_Said_to_Cain" title="And God Said to Cain">And God Said to Cain</a></i> (1969) by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Margheriti" title="Antonio Margheriti">Antonio Margheriti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reward%27s_Yours..._The_Man%27s_Mine" title="The Reward's Yours... The Man's Mine">The Reward's Yours... The Man's Mine</a></i> (1969) by <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Mulargia" title="Edoardo Mulargia">Edoardo Mulargia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Call_Me_Trinity" title="They Call Me Trinity">They Call Me Trinity</a></i> (1970) by <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Barboni" title="Enzo Barboni">Enzo Barboni</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matalo!" title="Matalo!">Matalo!</a></i> (1970) by <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Canevari" title="Cesare Canevari">Cesare Canevari</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compa%C3%B1eros_(film)" title="Compañeros (film)">Compañeros</a></i> (1970) by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corbucci" title="Sergio Corbucci">Sergio Corbucci</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vengeance_Is_a_Dish_Served_Cold" title="Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold">Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold</a></i> (1971) by <a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Squitieri" title="Pasquale Squitieri">Pasquale Squitieri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Duel" title="The Grand Duel">The Grand Duel</a></i> (1972) by <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Santi" title="Giancarlo Santi">Giancarlo Santi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fighting_Fist_of_Shanghai_Joe" title="The Fighting Fist of Shanghai Joe">The Fighting Fist of Shanghai Joe</a></i> (1973) by <a href="/wiki/Mario_Caiano" title="Mario Caiano">Mario Caiano</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Reason_to_Live,_a_Reason_to_Die" title="A Reason to Live, a Reason to Die">A Reason to Live, a Reason to Die</a></i> (1973) by <a href="/wiki/Tonino_Valerii" title="Tonino Valerii">Tonino Valerii</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four of the Apocalypse">Four of the Apocalypse</a></i> (1975) by <a href="/wiki/Lucio_Fulci" title="Lucio Fulci">Lucio Fulci</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keoma_(film)" title="Keoma (film)">Keoma</a></i> (1976) by <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Castellari" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzo Castellari">Enzo Castellari</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spaghetti_Western_filmmakers" title="List of spaghetti Western filmmakers">List of spaghetti Western filmmakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spaghetti_Westerns" title="List of spaghetti Westerns">List of spaghetti Westerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain#Co-productions_and_foreign_productions" title="Cinema of Spain">Co-productions in Spanish cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZWAM" title="ZWAM">ZWAM</a>, a youth movement in Madagascar inspired by spaghetti Westerns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang!_(card_game)" title="Bang! (card game)">Bang! (card game)</a>, inspired by the genre</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNelson2011" class="citation web cs1">Nelson, Peter (9 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spaghetti-western.net/index.php/The_Spaghetti_Westerns_of_Sergio_Leone">"The spaghetti Westerns of Sergio Leone"</a>. <i>Spaghetti Western Database</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021120014/https://www.spaghetti-western.net/index.php/The_Spaghetti_Westerns_of_Sergio_Leone">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaghetti+Western+Database&rft.atitle=The+spaghetti+Westerns+of+Sergio+Leone&rft.date=2011-01-09&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaghetti-western.net%2Findex.php%2FThe_Spaghetti_Westerns_of_Sergio_Leone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeltenLindberg2015" class="citation web cs1">Gelten, Simon; Lindberg (10 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spaghetti-western.net/index.php/Introduction">"Introduction"</a>. <i>Spaghetti Western Database</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630005758/https://www.spaghetti-western.net/index.php/Introduction">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaghetti+Western+Database&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.date=2015-11-10&rft.aulast=Gelten&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Lindberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaghetti-western.net%2Findex.php%2FIntroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riling-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Riling_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riling_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Riling (2011), p. 334.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moliterno-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moliterno_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moliterno_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoliterno2008" class="citation book cs1">Moliterno, Gino (2008). "Western All'Italiana". <i>Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts 28</i>. Scarecrow Press. pp. 338–339.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Western+All%27Italiana&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionaries+of+Literature+and+the+Arts+28&rft.pages=338-339&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Moliterno&rft.aufirst=Gino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirks" class="citation web cs1">Dirks, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/westernfilms5.html">"Westerns Films (part 5)"</a>. <i>Filmsite</i>. American Movie Classics Company LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216215417/http://www.filmsite.org/westernfilms5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Filmsite&rft.atitle=Westerns+Films+%28part+5%29&rft.aulast=Dirks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Fwesternfilms5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), pp. 39–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joyner, C. Courtney <i>Aldo Sambrell Interview</i> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cid8sExtrZgC&pg=PA180">The Westerners: Interviews with Actors, Directors, Writers and Producers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818214857/https://books.google.cl/books?id=Cid8sExtrZgC&pg=PA180">Archived</a> 18 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> McFarland, 14 October 2009, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macaroni-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Macaroni_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><i>A Fistful of Dollars (The <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Frayling" title="Christopher Frayling">Christopher Frayling</a> Archives: A Fistful of Dollars)</i> (Blu-ray disc). Los Angeles, California: <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a>. 1967.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Fistful+of+Dollars+%28The+Christopher+Frayling+Archives%3A+A+Fistful+of+Dollars%29&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer&rft.date=1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. xxi Frayling, Christopher <i>Spaghetti Westerns: Cowboys and Europeans from Karl May to Sergio Leone</i> I. B. Tauris, 27 January 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/films/28880-tampopo">"Tampopo"</a>. <i>The Criterion Collection</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Criterion+Collection&rft.atitle=Tampopo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Ffilms%2F28880-tampopo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), pp. 68-70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund (2006), p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis" class="citation web cs1">Curtis, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.click2mojacar.co.uk/western.htm">"Mini Hollywood Almeria, Wild West attraction in Spain"</a>. <i>click2mojacar.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202010517/http://www.click2mojacar.co.uk/western.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=click2mojacar.co.uk&rft.atitle=Mini+Hollywood+Almeria%2C+Wild+West+attraction+in+Spain&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.click2mojacar.co.uk%2Fwestern.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spaghetti-western.net/index.php/Diamante_Lobo">"Diamante Lobo - The Spaghetti Western Database"</a>. <i>spaghetti-western.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161010004043/https://www.spaghetti-western.net/index.php/Diamante_Lobo">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spaghetti-western.net&rft.atitle=Diamante+Lobo+-+The+Spaghetti+Western+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaghetti-western.net%2Findex.php%2FDiamante_Lobo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Ford: <i>Histoire du Western</i> (Paris: Ed. Albin Michel, 1976) p. 263ff; George N. Fenin and William K. Everson (New York : Orion Press, 1962), p. 322ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuizenga2010" class="citation web cs1">Huizenga, Tom (10 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/deceptivecadence/2011/03/22/131943499/happy-birthday-fanciulla----puccini-s-spaghetti-western-turns-100">"Happy Birthday 'Fanciulla' — Puccini's Spaghetti Western Turns 100"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519145006/http://www.npr.org/blogs/deceptivecadence/2011/03/22/131943499/happy-birthday-fanciulla----puccini-s-spaghetti-western-turns-100">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Happy+Birthday+%27Fanciulla%27+%E2%80%94+Puccini%27s+Spaghetti+Western+Turns+100&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2010-12-10&rft.aulast=Huizenga&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fdeceptivecadence%2F2011%2F03%2F22%2F131943499%2Fhappy-birthday-fanciulla----puccini-s-spaghetti-western-turns-100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTommasini2004" class="citation news cs1">Tommasini, Anthony (27 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/27/arts/music-the-first-spaghetti-western.html">"MUSIC; The First Spaghetti Western"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525000415/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/27/arts/music-the-first-spaghetti-western.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MUSIC%3B+The+First+Spaghetti+Western&rft.date=2004-06-27&rft.aulast=Tommasini&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F06%2F27%2Farts%2Fmusic-the-first-spaghetti-western.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magrin Haas (2022), p. 167ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2000), p. 29ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), p. 1ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBondanellaPacchioni2017" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bondanella" title="Peter Bondanella">Bondanella, Peter</a>; Pacchioni, Federico (2017), <i>A history of Italian cinema</i>, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, p. 395, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501307645" title="Special:BookSources/9781501307645"><bdi>9781501307645</bdi></a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1240187787">1240187787</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/984512006">984512006</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Italian+cinema&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781501307645&rft.aulast=Bondanella&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Pacchioni%2C+Federico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CinemaWarII-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CinemaWarII_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginsKeresztesiOscherwitz2015" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Mary Ellen; Keresztesi, Rita; Oscherwitz, Dayna (24 April 2015). <i>The Western in the Global South</i>. Routledge, 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317551065" title="Special:BookSources/9781317551065"><bdi>9781317551065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Western+in+the+Global+South&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+2015&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft.isbn=9781317551065&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ellen&rft.au=Keresztesi%2C+Rita&rft.au=Oscherwitz%2C+Dayna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DicItCin-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DicItCin_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoliterno2008" class="citation book cs1">Moliterno, Gino (29 September 2008). <i>Historical Dictionary of Italian Cinema</i>. Scarecrow Press, 2008, p. 339. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810862548" title="Special:BookSources/9780810862548"><bdi>9780810862548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Italian+Cinema&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press%2C+2008%2C+p.+339&rft.date=2008-09-29&rft.isbn=9780810862548&rft.aulast=Moliterno&rft.aufirst=Gino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Mario Molinari, </span></b></i><b>Prima che arrivassero gli 'spaghetti</b>, Segnocinema 22 (March 1986), Vicenza. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIondini2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iondini, Massimo (3 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avvenire.it/agora/pagine/bozzetto-intervista">"Bozzetto: "Così ho inventato lo spaghetti western"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Bozzetto: «So I invented spaghetti western»]. <i><a href="/wiki/Avvenire" title="Avvenire">Avvenire</a></i> (in Italian). Milan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930194005/https://www.avvenire.it/agora/pagine/bozzetto-intervista">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avvenire&rft.atitle=Bozzetto%3A+%22Cos%C3%AC+ho+inventato+lo+spaghetti+western%22&rft.date=2015-10-03&rft.aulast=Iondini&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avvenire.it%2Fagora%2Fpagine%2Fbozzetto-intervista&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund, pp. 80–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2000), pp. 118–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), pp. 68–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund, pp. 15–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund, pp. 66–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2000), pp. 165–201. Fridlund, pp. 122–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund, pp. 140–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaberscek2008" class="citation journal cs1">Gaberscek, Carlo (2008). "Zapata Westerns: The Short Life of a Subgerne (1966–1972)". <i>Bilingual Review</i>. <b>29</b> (2/3): 45–58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bilingual+Review&rft.atitle=Zapata+Westerns%3A+The+Short+Life+of+a+Subgerne+%281966%E2%80%931972%29&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=45-58&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gaberscek&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span> Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 25 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), pp. 217–44. Fridlund, pp. 173–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2000), pp. 201–47. Fridlund, pp. 204–217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund, pp. 217–230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), p. 82, finds over thirty Django films, with renaming in French versions included. Fridlund (2006), pp. 98–100, finds at least 47 German titles containing the word <i>Django</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term is used by Fridlund (2006), pp. 101–09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), pp. 79–89. Fridlund, pp. 93–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund, pp. 113–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund, pp. 118–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://salvatoreracconta.com/3-bud-spencer-e-terence-hill/">"Bud Spencer e Terence Hill"</a> (in Italian). 18 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bud+Spencer+e+Terence+Hill&rft.date=2022-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsalvatoreracconta.com%2F3-bud-spencer-e-terence-hill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund (2006), pp. 231–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund (2006), pp. 237, 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund (2006), pp. 237, 248–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Catalogo Bolaffi del cinema italiano</i> (Turin, Giulio Bolaffi Editore, 1967); Poppi, Roberto/Pecorari, Mario, <i>Dizionario del Cinema Italiano, I Film dal 1960 al 1969</i>.<i> I Film dal 1970 al 1979</i> (Gremese Editore, 1992 and 1996 respectively); Associazione Generalo Italiana Dello Spettacolo (A.G.I.S.), <i>Catalogo generale dei film italiani dal 1965 al 1978</i> (Rome, V ed., 1978).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGilligan2015" class="citation book cs1">McGilligan, Patrick (2015). <i>Clint: The Life and Legend</i>. OR Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1939293961" title="Special:BookSources/978-1939293961"><bdi>978-1939293961</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clint%3A+The+Life+and+Legend&rft.pub=OR+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1939293961&rft.aulast=McGilligan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An agreement was signed to compensate the authors of <i>Yojimbo</i> for the resemblance. See Frayling (2000), pp. 148–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fridlund (2006), pp. 216–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), pp. 121–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frayling (2006), pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exclaim.ca/Reviews/Film/kill_bill_vol_2-quentin_tarantino">"Kill Bill Vol. 2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Exclaim!" title="Exclaim!">Exclaim!</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Exclaim%21&rft.atitle=Kill+Bill+Vol.+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexclaim.ca%2FReviews%2FFilm%2Fkill_bill_vol_2-quentin_tarantino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmquarterly.org/2009/12/talking-point-debating-inglorious-bastards/">"DEBATING INGLOURIOUS BASTERDS"</a>. <i>Film Quarterly</i>. filmquarterly.org. 2 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605053555/http://www.filmquarterly.org/2009/12/talking-point-debating-inglorious-bastards/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+Quarterly&rft.atitle=DEBATING+INGLOURIOUS+BASTERDS&rft.date=2009-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmquarterly.org%2F2009%2F12%2Ftalking-point-debating-inglorious-bastards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vulture.com/2013/01/django-unchained-history-of-spaghetti-westerns.html">"Why Django Unchained's Slavery Tale Had to Be a Spaghetti Western"</a>. <i>vulture.com</i>. 2 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605053347/http://www.vulture.com/2013/01/django-unchained-history-of-spaghetti-westerns.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vulture.com&rft.atitle=Why+Django+Unchained%27s+Slavery+Tale+Had+to+Be+a+Spaghetti+Western&rft.date=2013-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2013%2F01%2Fdjango-unchained-history-of-spaghetti-westerns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2007/09/14/culture/sukiyaki-western-django/">"Spaghetti Western served up in Japan"</a>. japantimes.co.jp. 14 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605075108/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2007/09/14/culture/sukiyaki-western-django/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spaghetti+Western+served+up+in+Japan&rft.pub=japantimes.co.jp&rft.date=2007-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fculture%2F2007%2F09%2F14%2Fculture%2Fsukiyaki-western-django%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/689776/weekly-classics-bollywoods-ultimate-curry-western">"Weekly Classics: Bollywood's Curry Western"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. Pakistan. 21 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605053244/http://www.dawn.com/news/689776/weekly-classics-bollywoods-ultimate-curry-western">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Weekly+Classics%3A+Bollywood%27s+Curry+Western&rft.date=2012-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F689776%2Fweekly-classics-bollywoods-ultimate-curry-western&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teo-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Teo_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeo2017" class="citation book cs1">Teo, Stephen (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pi8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122"><i>Eastern Westerns: Film and Genre Outside and Inside Hollywood</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317592266" title="Special:BookSources/9781317592266"><bdi>9781317592266</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=pi8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Westerns%3A+Film+and+Genre+Outside+and+Inside+Hollywood&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781317592266&rft.aulast=Teo&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpi8lDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2019" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Esmee (19 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varsity.co.uk/film-and-tv/17664">"Untold Stories: Bollywood and the Soviet Union"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Varsity_(Cambridge)" title="Varsity (Cambridge)">Varsity</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703015458/https://www.varsity.co.uk/film-and-tv/17664">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Varsity&rft.atitle=Untold+Stories%3A+Bollywood+and+the+Soviet+Union&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Esmee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.varsity.co.uk%2Ffilm-and-tv%2F17664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghoultown.bandcamp.com/">"Ghoultown: Music"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghoultown%3A+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fghoultown.bandcamp.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109221829/http://www.esmark.net/bad/bad-samples01.htm">"This is Big Audio Dynamite"</a>. <i>esmark.net</i>. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esmark.net&rft.atitle=This+is+Big+Audio+Dynamite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esmark.net%2Fbad%2Fbad-samples01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.everyeye.it/articoli/speciale-red-dead-revolver-vecchio-west-rockstar-prima-red-dead-redemption-2-41049.html">"Red Dead Revolver: il vecchio West di Rockstar prima di Red Dead Redemption 2"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Dead+Revolver%3A+il+vecchio+West+di+Rockstar+prima+di+Red+Dead+Redemption+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyeye.it%2Farticoli%2Fspeciale-red-dead-revolver-vecchio-west-rockstar-prima-red-dead-redemption-2-41049.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2014" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Ariston (24 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-unveils-lineup-720770">"Venice: David Gordon Green's 'Manglehorn,' Abel Ferrara's 'Pasolini' in Competition Lineup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Venice%3A+David+Gordon+Green%27s+%27Manglehorn%2C%27+Abel+Ferrara%27s+%27Pasolini%27+in+Competition+Lineup&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Ariston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fvenice-film-festival-unveils-lineup-720770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValckKredellLoist2016" class="citation book cs1">Valck, Marijke de; Kredell, Brendan; Loist, Skadi (26 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IMujCwAAQBAJ&q=Big+three+film+festivals&pg=PA54"><i>Film Festivals: History, Theory, Method, Practice</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317267218" title="Special:BookSources/9781317267218"><bdi>9781317267218</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+Festivals%3A+History%2C+Theory%2C+Method%2C+Practice&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-02-26&rft.isbn=9781317267218&rft.aulast=Valck&rft.aufirst=Marijke+de&rft.au=Kredell%2C+Brendan&rft.au=Loist%2C+Skadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIMujCwAAQBAJ%26q%3DBig%2Bthree%2Bfilm%2Bfestivals%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3291348/addio-lido-last-postcards-from-the-venice-film-festival/">"Addio, Lido: Last Postcards from the Venice Film Festival"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Addio%2C+Lido%3A+Last+Postcards+from+the+Venice+Film+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3291348%2Faddio-lido-last-postcards-from-the-venice-film-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2007/film/markets-festivals/50-unmissable-film-festivals-1117971644/">"50 unmissable film festivals"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. 8 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=50+unmissable+film+festivals&rft.date=2007-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2007%2Ffilm%2Fmarkets-festivals%2F50-unmissable-film-festivals-1117971644%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movieplayer.it/news/venezia-2007-la-retrospettiva-sul-western-all-italiana_4373/">"Venezia 2007: la retrospettiva sul western all'italiana"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venezia+2007%3A+la+retrospettiva+sul+western+all%27italiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovieplayer.it%2Fnews%2Fvenezia-2007-la-retrospettiva-sul-western-all-italiana_4373%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2011" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Austin (2011). <i>Radical Frontiers in the Spaghetti Western: Politics, Violence and Popular Italian Cinema</i>. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-578-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-578-6"><bdi>978-1-84885-578-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Frontiers+in+the+Spaghetti+Western%3A+Politics%2C+Violence+and+Popular+Italian+Cinema&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris+%26+Co+Ltd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-578-6&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Austin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrayling2006" class="citation book cs1">Frayling, Christopher (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z9Tjh55dlDUC&q=Spaghetti%20Westerns&pg=PP1"><i>Spaghetti westerns: cowboys and Europeans from Karl May to Sergio Leone</i></a> (Revised paperback ed.). London, New York:I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-207-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-207-3"><bdi>978-1-84511-207-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spaghetti+westerns%3A+cowboys+and+Europeans+from+Karl+May+to+Sergio+Leone&rft.edition=Revised+paperback&rft.pub=London%2C+New+York%3AI.B.+Tauris+%26+Co+Ltd&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-207-3&rft.aulast=Frayling&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz9Tjh55dlDUC%26q%3DSpaghetti%2520Westerns%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrayling2000" class="citation book cs1">Frayling, Christopher (2000). <i>Sergio Leone: Something to Do with Death</i>. London: Faber.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sergio+Leone%3A+Something+to+Do+with+Death&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Frayling&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFridlund2006" class="citation book cs1">Fridlund, Bert (2006). <i>The Spaghetti Western. A Thematic Analysis</i>. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland & Company Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spaghetti+Western.+A+Thematic+Analysis&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC+and+London&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Fridlund&rft.aufirst=Bert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gale, Richard (Winter 2003). "Spaghetti Westerns: Cowboys and Europeans from Karl May to Sergio Leone". <i>Journal of Popular Film & Television</i>. <b>30</b> (4): 231. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/199355725">199355725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Popular+Film+%26+Television&rft.atitle=Spaghetti+Westerns%3A+Cowboys+and+Europeans+from+Karl+May+to+Sergio+Leone&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=231&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiehm1984" class="citation book cs1">Liehm, Mira (1984). <i>Passion and Defiance: Film in Italy from 1942 to the Present</i>. Berkeley: U of California P.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Passion+and+Defiance%3A+Film+in+Italy+from+1942+to+the+Present&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=U+of+California+P&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Liehm&rft.aufirst=Mira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaas2022" class="citation book cs1">Haas, Alessandra Magrin (2022). "Silent Westerns Made in Italy: The Dawn of a Transnational Genre between US Imperial Narratives and Nationalistic Appropriations". In Mayer, Hervé; Roche, David (eds.). <i>Transnationalism and Imperialism: Endurance of the Global Western Film</i>. Bloomington IN: University of Indiana Press. pp. 164–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06075-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06075-4"><bdi>978-0-253-06075-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Silent+Westerns+Made+in+Italy%3A+The+Dawn+of+a+Transnational+Genre+between+US+Imperial+Narratives+and+Nationalistic+Appropriations&rft.btitle=Transnationalism+and+Imperialism%3A+Endurance+of+the+Global+Western+Film&rft.place=Bloomington+IN&rft.pages=164-178&rft.pub=University+of+Indiana+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-253-06075-4&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Alessandra+Magrin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClain2010" class="citation journal cs1">McClain, William (2010). "Western, Go Home! Sergio Leone and the 'Death of the Western' in American Film Criticism". <i>Journal of Film & Video</i>. <b>6</b> (1/2): 52–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5406%2Fjfilmvideo.62.1-2.0052">10.5406/jfilmvideo.62.1-2.0052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Film+%26+Video&rft.atitle=Western%2C+Go+Home%21+Sergio+Leone+and+the+%27Death+of+the+Western%27+in+American+Film+Criticism&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=52-66&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5406%2Fjfilmvideo.62.1-2.0052&rft.aulast=McClain&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiling2011" class="citation book cs1">Riling, Yngve P (2011). <i>The Spaghetti Western Bible. Limited Edition</i>. Riling.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spaghetti+Western+Bible.+Limited+Edition&rft.pub=Riling&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Riling&rft.aufirst=Yngve+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisser1992" class="citation book cs1">Weisser, Thomas (1992). <i>Spaghetti Westerns: the Good, the Bad and the Violent — 558 Eurowesterns and Their Personnel, 1961–1977</i>. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spaghetti+Westerns%3A+the+Good%2C+the+Bad+and+the+Violent+%E2%80%94+558+Eurowesterns+and+Their+Personnel%2C+1961%E2%80%931977&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Weisser&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaghetti+Western" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spaghetti-western.net">The Spaghetti Western Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alexcox.com/freestuff.htm"><i>10,000 Ways to Die</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060505112852/http://www.alexcox.com/freestuff.htm">Archived</a> 5 May 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a book about spaghetti Westerns made between 1963 and 1973, released under a Creative Commons license by its author <a href="/wiki/Alex_Cox" title="Alex Cox">Alex Cox</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_film_genres_and_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_film_genres" title="Template:Italian film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_film_genres" title="Template talk:Italian film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian_film_genres_and_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italian film genres and movements</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Cinema of Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1890s-1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italian_neorealism" title="Women in Italian neorealism">Women in Italian neorealism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peplum_(film_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peplum (film genre)">Peplum / Sword-and-Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s-1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannibal films">Cannibal films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannibal boom">Cannibal boom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy / Spaghetti Spy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_Combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaroni Combat">Macaroni Combat / Euro War / Spaghetti War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondo films">Mondo films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_sadiconazista" class="mw-redirect" title="Il sadiconazista">Sadiconazista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spaghetti Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film#Italian_films" title="Women in prison film">Women in prison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100_Italian_films_to_be_saved" class="mw-redirect" title="100 Italian films to be saved">100 Italian films to be saved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo,_Giovanni_%26_Giacomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo">Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0" title="Cinecittà">Cinecittà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinepanettone" title="Cinepanettone">Cinepanettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Camillo_and_Peppone" title="Don Camillo and Peppone">Don Camillo and Peppone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficarra_e_Picone" title="Ficarra e Picone">Ficarra e Picone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_and_Ciccio" title="Franco and Ciccio">Franco and Ciccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Hill_and_Bud_Spencer" title="Terence Hill and Bud Spencer">Terence Hill and Bud Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tot%C3%B2" title="Totò">Totò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Fantozzi" title="Ugo Fantozzi">Ugo Fantozzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Exploitation_film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Exploitation_film" title="Template talk:Exploitation film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Exploitation film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Exploitation_film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War / Macaroni Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie_exploitation_films" title="Hippie exploitation films">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharksploitation" title="Sharksploitation">Sharksploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vansploitation" title="Vansploitation">Vansploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women in prison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_genre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_(genre)" title="Template:Western (genre)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_(genre)" title="Template talk:Western (genre)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_(genre)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western (genre)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_genre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western genre</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Western_subgenres" title="List of Western subgenres">Western subgenres</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Australian Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic Western">Epic Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Western" title="Gothic Western">Gothic Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_romance_literature" title="Western romance literature">Western romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_genres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212781#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212781#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212781#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1128137/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4298687-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2001000474">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563852805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&oldid=1257950799">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&oldid=1257950799</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spaghetti_Western" title="Category:Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Revisionist_Westerns" title="Category:Revisionist Westerns">Revisionist Westerns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Exploitation_films" title="Category:Exploitation films">Exploitation films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Film genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_films_by_genre" title="Category:Italian films by genre">Italian films by genre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metaphors_referring_to_spaghetti" title="Category:Metaphors referring to spaghetti">Metaphors referring to spaghetti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Western_(genre)_films_by_genre" title="Category:Western (genre) films by genre">Western (genre) films by genre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Western_(genre)_subgenres" title="Category:Western (genre) subgenres">Western (genre) subgenres</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2022">Use dmy dates from December 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 10:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti_Western&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gxw57","wgBackendResponseTime":193,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.840","walltime":"1.047","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3466,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":154044,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":783,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":215165,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 767.854 1 -total"," 39.34% 302.051 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.16% 162.475 18 Template:Cite_web"," 12.05% 92.544 1 Template:Westerns_sidebar"," 11.44% 87.807 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 10.77% 82.695 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.53% 80.864 4 Template:Navbox"," 8.37% 64.242 14 Template:Cite_book"," 7.78% 59.765 1 Template:Italian_film_genres"," 5.77% 44.295 4 Template:Hlist"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.460","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6703509,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-sw5fn","timestamp":"20241122140406","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Spaghetti Western","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spaghetti_Western","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q212781","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q212781","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-09T10:36:14Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T10:47:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/09\/Stanley_L._Wood00.jpg","headline":"film genre"}</script> </body> </html>