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Formation and early activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_and_early_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Spaceship_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Spaceship_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 The Spaceship Company </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Spaceship_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Investors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Retail_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Retail interest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Aims </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aims-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aims subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history_and_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_and_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history and background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_and_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview_of_the_flights_to_be_developed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_the_flights_to_be_developed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Overview of the flights to be developed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_the_flights_to_be_developed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Development operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Development operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Development_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2007_Scaled_Composites_fuel_tank_testing_explosion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_Scaled_Composites_fuel_tank_testing_explosion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2007 Scaled Composites fuel tank testing explosion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_Scaled_Composites_fuel_tank_testing_explosion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commencement_of_sub-space_test_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commencement_of_sub-space_test_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Commencement of sub-space test flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commencement_of_sub-space_test_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VSS_Enterprise_crash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VSS_Enterprise_crash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 VSS Enterprise crash </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VSS_Enterprise_crash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Investigation_and_media_comment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation_and_media_comment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Investigation and media comment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigation_and_media_comment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VSS_Unity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VSS_Unity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 VSS Unity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VSS_Unity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spaceship_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spaceship_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Spaceship III </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spaceship_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_launches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_launches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 List of launches </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_launches-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle List of launches subsection </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_launches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SpaceShipOne_Flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SpaceShipOne_Flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 SpaceShipOne Flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SpaceShipOne_Flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SpaceShipTwo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SpaceShipTwo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 SpaceShipTwo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SpaceShipTwo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-VSS_Enterprise_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VSS_Enterprise_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 VSS Enterprise flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VSS_Enterprise_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1.1 Legend </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1.2 Flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VSS_Unity_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VSS_Unity_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 VSS Unity flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VSS_Unity_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legend_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legend_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2.1 Legend </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legend_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flights_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flights_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2.2 Flights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flights_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaborations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Collaborations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Collaborations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Collaborations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Collaborations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Potential_collaboration_with_NASA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_collaboration_with_NASA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Potential collaboration with NASA </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_collaboration_with_NASA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OneWeb_satellite_Internet_access_provider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OneWeb_satellite_Internet_access_provider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 OneWeb satellite Internet access provider </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OneWeb_satellite_Internet_access_provider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaboration_with_Boom_Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaboration_with_Boom_Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Collaboration with Boom Technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaboration_with_Boom_Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaboration_with_Under_Armour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaboration_with_Under_Armour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Collaboration with Under Armour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaboration_with_Under_Armour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel_and_passengers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel_and_passengers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personnel and passengers </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personnel_and_passengers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personnel and passengers subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personnel_and_passengers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Key_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Key personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilot_corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilot_corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Pilot corps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilot_corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_and_spacecraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_and_spacecraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Aircraft and spacecraft </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aircraft_and_spacecraft-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aircraft and spacecraft subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_and_spacecraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motherships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motherships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Motherships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motherships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-White_Knight_Two" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_Knight_Two"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 White Knight Two </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_Knight_Two-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boeing_747" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boeing_747"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Boeing 747 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boeing_747-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Generation_II_mothership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generation_II_mothership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.3 Generation II mothership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generation_II_mothership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spaceships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spaceships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Spaceships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spaceships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SpaceShip_Two" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SpaceShip_Two"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 SpaceShip Two </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SpaceShip_Two-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SpaceShipTwo's_projected_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SpaceShipTwo's_projected_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1.1 SpaceShipTwo's projected performance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SpaceShipTwo's_projected_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SpaceShip_III_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SpaceShip_III_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 SpaceShip III </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SpaceShip_III_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delta-class_spaceship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delta-class_spaceship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Delta-class spaceship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delta-class_spaceship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Fleet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_spaceflight_locations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_spaceflight_locations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Commercial spaceflight locations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_spaceflight_locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_operations_and_aspirations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_operations_and_aspirations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Other operations and aspirations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_operations_and_aspirations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other operations and aspirations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_operations_and_aspirations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LauncherOne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LauncherOne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 LauncherOne </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LauncherOne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Point_to_point_suborbital_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Point_to_point_suborbital_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Point to point suborbital travel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Point_to_point_suborbital_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Competition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Competition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Competition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blue_Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blue_Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Blue Origin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blue_Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_Crew_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_Crew_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Commercial Crew Program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_Crew_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XCOR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XCOR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 XCOR </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XCOR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_accomplishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_accomplishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notable accomplishments </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_accomplishments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable accomplishments subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_accomplishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_launch_of_founder_into_space_[note_2]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_launch_of_founder_into_space_[note_2]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 First launch of founder into space [note 2] </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_launch_of_founder_into_space_[note_2]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_commercial_flight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_commercial_flight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 First commercial flight </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_commercial_flight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Virgin Galactic</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" > 37 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83" title="فيرجن غالاكتيك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيرجن غالاكتيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ویرجین گلکتیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویرجین گلکتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%84_%EA%B0%A4%EB%9F%AD%ED%8B%B1" title="버진 갤럭틱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버진 갤럭틱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="וירג'ין גלקטיק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וירג'ין גלקטיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="വിർജിൻ ഗാലക്ടിക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിർജിൻ ഗാലക്ടിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83" title="فيرجن جالاكتيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيرجن جالاكتيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ヴァージン・ギャラクティック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァージン・ギャラクティック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Virgin Galactic" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258442903">.mw-parser-output .infobox-airline-codes{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#dadde3);color:var(--color-base,#202122);font-weight:bold;line-height:1}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Virgin Galactic</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Galactic_logo_(2022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Virgin_Galactic_logo_%282022%29.svg/220px-Virgin_Galactic_logo_%282022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Virgin_Galactic_logo_%282022%29.svg/330px-Virgin_Galactic_logo_%282022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Virgin_Galactic_logo_%282022%29.svg/440px-Virgin_Galactic_logo_%282022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="246" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="infobox-airline-codes"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="padding-top: 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid white; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Airline_codes#IATA_airline_designator" title="Airline codes">IATA</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="padding-top: 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid white; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Airline_codes#ICAO_airline_designator" title="Airline codes">ICAO</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Aviation_call_signs#Commercial_airline" title="Aviation call signs">Call sign</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nickname" style="padding-bottom: 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid white; text-align: center;">– </td> <td class="nickname" style="padding-bottom: 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid white; text-align: center;">VGX </td> <td class="nickname" style="padding-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: center;">GALACTIC </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2004; 20 years ago (2004)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operating bases</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Mojave Air and Space Port">Mojave Air and Space Port</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fleet size</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 (mothership vehicle) (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Destinations</th><td class="infobox-data">1 (Space)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:SPCE">SPCE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell 2000">Russell 2000</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Tustin,_California" title="Tustin, California">Tustin, California</a>, U.S</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data">Michael Colglazier (<a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>) Doug Ahrens (<a href="/wiki/CFO" class="mw-redirect" title="CFO">CFO</a>) <a href="/wiki/Mike_Moses" title="Mike Moses">Mike Moses</a> (President – Safety)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$2.31 million (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$−500 million (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$−500 million (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$1.14 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$480 million (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">1,166 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virgingalactic.com/">virgingalactic.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: var( --background-color-interactive-subtle--active, #dadde3 );">Notes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: left;"> Financials as of December 31, 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_spaceflight" title="Category:Private spaceflight">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">Private spaceflight</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.5em"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_(NHQ202204060001).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg/220px-NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg/330px-NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg/440px-NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3359" data-file-height="2137" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Active companies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_(American_spaceflight_company)" title="Astra (American spaceflight company)">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Space_Systems" title="Equatorial Space Systems">Equatorial Space Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy" title="Galactic Energy">Galactic Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Space_(Chinese_company)" title="I-Space (Chinese company)">i-Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwire" title="Redwire">Redwire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space" title="Relativity Space">Relativity Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites" title="Scaled Composites">Scaled Composites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Galactic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Active vehicles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy" title="Galactic Energy">Ceres-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)" title="Cygnus (spacecraft)">Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Space_(Chinese_company)#Hyperbola-1" title="I-Space (Chinese company)">Hyperbola-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Contracts and programs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansari_X_Prize" title="Ansari X Prize">Ansari X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Crew Development">Commercial Crew Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">Commercial Resupply Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_transportation_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure">SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX reusable launch system development">SpaceX reusable launch system development</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/16px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/24px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/32px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_spaceflight" title="Template:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_spaceflight" title="Template talk:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_spaceflight" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. is a British-American <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">spaceflight</a> company founded by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a> conglomerate which retains an 11.9% stake through Virgin Investments Limited.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, and operates from <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>. The company develops <a href="/wiki/Commercial_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial spacecraft">commercial spacecraft</a> and provides <a href="/wiki/Suborbital_spaceflight" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborbital spaceflight">suborbital spaceflights</a> to <a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">space tourists</a>. Virgin Galactic's suborbital spacecraft are <a href="/wiki/Air_launch" title="Air launch">air launched</a> from beneath a carrier airplane known as <a href="/wiki/White_Knight_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="White Knight Two">White Knight Two</a>. Virgin Galactic's maiden spaceflight occurred in 2018 with its <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a> spaceship.<a href="#cite_note-meet_pilots-3">[3]</a> Branson had originally hoped to see a maiden spaceflight by 2010,<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-4">[4]</a> but the date was delayed, primarily due to the <a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise_crash" title="VSS Enterprise crash">October 2014 crash</a> of <a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise" title="VSS Enterprise">VSS Enterprise</a>. The company did the early work on the satellite launch development of <a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a> before this was <a href="/wiki/Hive-off" class="mw-redirect" title="Hive-off">hived off</a> to a separate company, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a>, in 2017. The company also has aspirations for suborbital transport, to provide rocket-powered, point-to-point 3,000 mph (4,800 km/h) air travel.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The spin-off company, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a> was shut down in May 2023. On 13 December 2018, VSS Unity achieved the project's first suborbital space flight, <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity_VP-03" title="VSS Unity VP-03">VSS Unity VP-03</a>, with two pilots, reaching an altitude of 82.7 kilometres (51.4 mi), and officially entering <a href="/wiki/Outer_space#Boundary" title="Outer space">outer space</a> by U.S. standards.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In February 2019, the project carried three people, including a passenger, on <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity_VF-01" title="VSS Unity VF-01">VSS Unity VF-01</a>, with a member of the team floating within the cabin during a spaceflight that reached 89.9 kilometres (55.9 mi). On 11 July 2021, founder Richard Branson and three other employees rode on <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic_Unity_22" title="Virgin Galactic Unity 22"> VSS Unity 22</a> as passengers, marking the first time a spaceflight company founder has travelled on his own ship into outer space.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In February 2022, Virgin Galactic announced that it was opening ticket sales to the public.<a href="#cite_note-:0-13">[13]</a> The price of a reservation was $450,000.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In June 2023, Virgin Galactic launched its first commercial space tourism flight called <a href="/wiki/Galactic_01" title="Galactic 01">Galactic 01</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Galactic_07" title="Galactic 07">Galactic 07</a> in June 2024 was the final flight of Unity as the company shifted focus to its Delta class vehicles and a higher launch cadence.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_history">Structure and history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure and history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_and_early_activities">Formation and early activities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation and early activities">edit</a>]</div> Virgin Galactic was founded in 2004 by British <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>, who had previously founded the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Virgin Atlantic</a> airline, and who had a long personal history of <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_balloon" title="Hot air balloon">balloon</a> and surface record-breaking activities. As part of Branson's promotion of the firm, he has added a variation of the Virgin Galactic livery to his personal business jet, the Dassault Falcon 900EX "Galactic girl" (G-GALX).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Spaceship_Company">The Spaceship Company</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Spaceship Company">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a></div> <a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a> (TSC) was founded by Richard Branson through Virgin Group (which owned 70%) and <a href="/wiki/Burt_Rutan" title="Burt Rutan">Burt Rutan</a> through <a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites" title="Scaled Composites">Scaled Composites</a> (which owned 30%) to build commercial spaceships and launch aircraft for space travel. From the time of TSC's formation in 2005, the launch customer was Virgin Galactic, which contracted to purchase five SpaceShipTwos and two WhiteKnightTwos.<a href="#cite_note-Sdc20050725-20">[20]</a> Scaled Composites was contracted to develop and build the initial prototypes of WhiteKnightTwo and SpaceShipTwo, and then TSC began production of the follow-on vehicles beginning in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In 2012, after <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a> acquired Scaled Composites, Virgin Galactic acquired the remaining 30% of The Spaceship Company.<a href="#cite_note-yf20121005-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investors">Investors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Investors">edit</a>]</div> After a claimed investment by <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a> of US$100 million,<a href="#cite_note-abcnews-24">[24]</a> in 2010 the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aabar_Investments" class="mw-redirect" title="Aabar Investments">Aabar Investments</a> group, acquired a 31.8% stake in Virgin Galactic for US$280 million, receiving exclusive regional rights to launch tourism and scientific research space flights from the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> capital.<a href="#cite_note-abcnews-24">[24]</a> In July 2011, Aabar invested a further US$110 million to develop a program to launch <a href="/wiki/Smallsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallsat">small satellites</a> into <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>, raising their equity share to 37.8%.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Virgin announced in June 2014 that they were in talks with <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> about the injection of capital to fund both development and operations.<a href="#cite_note-sn20140612-26">[26]</a> The New Mexico government has invested approximately $200m (£121m) in the Spaceport America facility, for which Virgin Galactic is the anchor tenant; other commercial space companies also use the site. On Monday 28 October 2019, Virgin Galactic listed into the New York Stock Exchange, trading under the ticker symbol 'SPCE', the first publicly traded space tourism company (i.e., company whose primary business is space tourism). The company raised $450 million through a SPAC merger listing, and company's market value after listing was more than $2.4 billion. At the time, the company claimed to have over 600 customer reservations representing approximately $80 million in total collected deposits and more than $120 million in "potential revenue".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retail_interest">Retail interest</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Retail interest">edit</a>]</div> After its listing, SPCE was a popular stock for many retail investors and was often mentioned<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Reddit#Subreddits" title="Reddit">subreddit</a> <a href="/wiki/R/wallstreetbets" title="R/wallstreetbets">r/wallstreetbets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aims">Aims</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aims">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_and_background">Early history and background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early history and background">edit</a>]</div> The Ansari X Prize was a <a href="/wiki/Space_competition" title="Space competition">space competition</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/X_Prize_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="X Prize Foundation">X Prize Foundation</a> offered a <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>10,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Prize" title="Prize">prize</a> for the first <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-government organization</a> to launch a reusable <a href="/wiki/Crewed_spaceflight" class="mw-redirect" title="Crewed spaceflight">crewed spacecraft</a> into <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">space</a> twice within two weeks. It was modeled after early 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a> prizes, and aimed to spur development of low-cost spaceflight.<a href="#cite_note-xprize-31">[31]</a> Created in May 1996 and initially called just the "X Prize", it was renamed the "Ansari X Prize" on May 6, 2004 following a multimillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Donation" title="Donation">donation</a> from <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneurs</a> <a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amir_Ansari" title="Amir Ansari">Amir Ansari</a>. The prize was won on October 4, 2004, the 47th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a> launch, by the <a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_Tier_One" title="Scaled Composites Tier One">Tier One</a> project designed by <a href="/wiki/Burt_Rutan" title="Burt Rutan">Burt Rutan</a> and financed by Microsoft co-founder <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a>, using the experimental <a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">spaceplane</a> <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne" title="SpaceShipOne">SpaceShipOne</a>. $10 million was awarded to the winner, and more than $100 million was invested in new technologies in pursuit of the prize.<a href="#cite_note-xprize-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview_of_the_flights_to_be_developed">Overview of the flights to be developed</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Overview of the flights to be developed">edit</a>]</div> The spacecraft initially called <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a> was planned to achieve a <a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a> journey with a short period of weightlessness. Carried to about 16 kilometers, or 52,000 ft, underneath a carrier aircraft, <a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_White_Knight_Two" title="Scaled Composites White Knight Two">White Knight Two</a>, after separation the vehicle was to continue to over 100 km (the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a>, a common definition of where "space" begins). The time from liftoff of the White Knight Two mothership carrying SpaceShipTwo until the touchdown of the spacecraft after the suborbital flight would be about 2.5 hours. The suborbital flight itself would be only a small fraction of that time, with weightlessness lasting approximately 6 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-Shatner2-32">[32]</a> Passengers were to be able to release themselves from their seats during these six minutes and float around the cabin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_operations">Development operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Development operations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007_Scaled_Composites_fuel_tank_testing_explosion">2007 Scaled Composites fuel tank testing explosion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2007 Scaled Composites fuel tank testing explosion">edit</a>]</div> In July 2007, three Scaled Composites employees were killed and three critically injured at the Mojave spaceport while testing components of the rocket motor for <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo#2007_test_explosion" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a>. An explosion occurred during a cold fire test, which involved nitrous oxide flowing through fuel injectors. The procedure had been expected to be safe.<a href="#cite_note-cnn1-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commencement_of_sub-space_test_flights">Commencement of sub-space test flights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commencement of sub-space test flights">edit</a>]</div> Just a year later, in July 2008, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a> predicted the maiden space voyage would take place within 18 months.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-4">[4]</a> In October 2009, Virgin Galactic announced that initial flights would take place from <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a> "within two years."<a href="#cite_note-Fg20091027ww2-34">[34]</a> Later that year, Scaled Composites announced that White Knight Two's first SpaceShipTwo captive flights would be in early 2010.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Both aircraft did fly together in March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The credibility of the earlier promises of launch dates by Virgin Galactic were brought into question in October 2014 by its chief executive, <a href="/wiki/George_T._Whitesides" title="George T. Whitesides">George T. Whitesides</a>, when he told The Guardian: "We've changed dramatically as a company. When I joined in 2010 we were mostly a marketing organisation. Right now we can design, build, test, and fly a rocket motor all by ourselves and all in Mojave, which I don't think is done anywhere else on the planet".<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On 7 December 2009, SpaceShipTwo was unveiled at the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojave Spaceport">Mojave Spaceport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Branson told the 300 people attending, each of whom had booked rides at $200,000 each, that flights would begin "in 2011." However, in April 2011, Branson announced further delays, saying "I hope 18 months from now, we'll be sitting in our spaceship and heading off into space."<a href="#cite_note-Beam_us_up,_Beardie!-39">[39]</a> By February 2012, SpaceShipTwo had completed 15 test flights attached to White Knight Two and an additional 16 glide tests, the last of which took place in September 2011.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> A rocket-powered test flight of SpaceShipTwo took place on 29 April 2013, with an engine burn of 16 seconds duration. The brief flight began at an altitude of 47,000 feet and reached a maximum altitude of 55,000 feet. While the SS2 achieved a speed of Mach 1.2 (920 mph),<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> this was less than half the 2,000 mph speed predicted by Richard Branson. SpaceShipTwo's second supersonic flight achieved a speed of 1,100 mph for 20 seconds; while this was an improvement, it fell far short of the 2,500 mph for 70 seconds required to carry six passengers into space. However, Branson still announced his spaceship would be capable of "launching 100 satellites every day."<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In addition to the suborbital passenger business, Virgin Galactic intended to market SpaceShipTwo for suborbital <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_space_science" title="Outline of space science">space science</a> missions and market White Knight Two for "small satellite" launch services. It had planned to initiate <a href="/wiki/Request_for_proposal" title="Request for proposal">RFPs</a> for the satellite business in early 2010, but flights had not materialized as of 2014. On 14 May 2013, Richard Branson stated on Virgin Radio Dubai's Kris Fade Morning Show that he would be aboard the first public flight of SpaceShipTwo, which had again been rescheduled, this time to December 25, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> "Maybe I'll dress up as Father Christmas", Branson said.<a href="#cite_note-Beam_us_up,_Beardie!-39">[39]</a> The third rocket-powered test flight of SpaceShipTwo took place on 10 January 2014 and successfully tested the spaceship's Reaction Control System (RCS) and the newly installed thermal protection coating on the vehicle's tail booms. Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides said "We are progressively closer to our target of starting commercial service in 2014".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Interviewed by The Observer at the time of her 90th birthday in July 2014, Branson's mother, Eve, told reporter Elizabeth Day of her intention of going to space herself. Asked when that might be, she replied: "I think it's the end of the year", adding after a pause, "It's always 'the end of the year' ".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In February 2014, cracks in WhiteKnightTwo, where the spars connect with the fuselage, were discovered during an inspection conducted after Virgin Galactic took possession of the aircraft from builder Scaled Composites.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In September 2014, Richard Branson described the intended date for the first commercial flight as February or March 2015; by the time of this announcement, a new plastic-based fuel had yet to be ignited in-flight.<a href="#cite_note-abq20140911-47">[47]</a> By September 2014, the three test flights of the SS2 had only reached an altitude of around 71,000 ft, approximately 13 miles; in order to receive a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> licence to carry passengers, the craft needs to complete test missions at full speed and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">62-mile height</a>. Following the announcement of further delays, UK newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> reported that Branson faced a backlash from those who had booked flights with Virgin Galactic, with the company having received $80 million in fares and deposits.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bower" title="Tom Bower">Tom Bower</a>, author of Branson: The Man behind the Mask, told the Sunday Times: "They spent 10 years trying to perfect one engine and failed. They are now trying to use a different engine and get into space in six months. It's just not feasible."<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> BBC science editor David Shukman commented in October 2014, that "[Branson's] enthusiasm and determination [are] undoubted. But his most recent promises of launching the first passenger trip by the end of this year had already started to look unrealistic some months ago."<a href="#cite_note-bbc_report_1-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VSS_Enterprise_crash">VSS Enterprise crash</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: VSS Enterprise crash">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise_crash" title="VSS Enterprise crash">VSS Enterprise crash</a></div> At 10:51 PST 31 October 2014, the fourth rocket-powered test flight of the company's first SpaceShipTwo craft, <a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise" title="VSS Enterprise">VSS Enterprise</a>, ended in disaster, as it broke apart in mid-air, with the debris falling into the Mojave desert in California, shortly after being released from the mothership. Initial reports attributed the loss to an unidentified "in-flight anomaly".<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20141031-KC-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The flight was the first test of SpaceShipTwo with new plastic-based fuel, replacing the original—a rubber-based solid fuel that had not met expectations.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> 39-year-old co-pilot <a href="/wiki/Michael_Alsbury" title="Michael Alsbury">Michael Alsbury</a> was killed and 43-year-old pilot <a href="/wiki/Peter_Siebold" title="Peter Siebold">Peter Siebold</a> was seriously injured. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Investigation_and_media_comment">Investigation and media comment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Investigation and media comment">edit</a>]</div> Initial investigations found that the engine and propellant tanks were intact, showing that there had not been a fuel explosion. <a href="/wiki/Telemetry" title="Telemetry">Telemetry</a> data and cockpit video showed that instead, the <a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(aeronautics)" title="Air brake (aeronautics)">air braking</a> system appeared to have deployed incorrectly and too early, for unknown reasons, and that the craft had violently broken apart in mid-air seconds later. U.S. National Transportation Safety Board Chairman Christopher Hart said on 2 November 2014 that investigators had determined SpaceShipTwo's tail system was supposed to have been released for deployment as the craft was traveling about 1.4 times the speed of sound; instead, the tail section began pivoting when the vehicle was flying at Mach 1. "I'm not stating that this is the cause of the mishap. We have months and months of investigation to determine what the cause was." Asked if pilot error was a possible factor, Hart said: "We are looking at all of these issues to determine what was the root cause of this mishap." He noted that it was also unclear how the tail mechanism began to rotate once it was unlocked, since that maneuver requires a separate pilot command that was never given, and whether the craft's position in the air and its speed somehow enabled the tail section to swing free on its own.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In November 2014, Branson and Virgin Galactic came under criticism for their attempts to distance the company from the disaster by referring to the test pilots as Scaled Composites employees.<a href="#cite_note-Private_Eye_Issue_1379-55">[55]</a> Virgin Galactic's official statement on 31 October 2014 said: "Virgin Galactic's partner Scaled Composites conducted a powered test flight of SpaceShipTwo earlier today. [...] Local authorities have confirmed that one of the two Scaled Composites pilots died during the accident".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> This was in strong contrast to public communications previously released concerning the group's successful flights, which had routinely presented pilots, craft, and projects within the same organizational structures, as being "Virgin Galactic" flights or activities of "the Galactic team".<a href="#cite_note-Private_Eye_Issue_1379-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The BBC's David Shukman commented that: "Even as details emerge of what went wrong, this is clearly a massive setback to a company hoping to pioneer a new industry of space tourism. Confidence is everything and this will not encourage the long list of celebrity and millionaire customers waiting for their first flight".<a href="#cite_note-bbc_report_1-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> At a hearing in Washington D.C. on 28 July 2015,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> and a press release on the same day<a href="#cite_note-NTSB-62">[62]</a> the NTSB cited inadequate design safeguards, poor pilot training, lack of rigorous <a href="/wiki/FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA">FAA</a> oversight and a potentially anxious co-pilot without recent flight experience as important factors in the 2014 crash. They determined that the co-pilot, who died in the accident, prematurely unlocked a movable tail section some ten seconds after SpaceShip Two fired its rocket engine and was breaking the sound barrier, resulting in the craft's breaking apart. But the Board also found that the Scaled Composites unit of Northrop Grumman, which designed and flew the prototype space tourism vehicle, did not properly prepare for potential human slip-ups by providing a fail-safe system that could have guarded against such premature deployment. "A single-point human failure has to be anticipated," board member Robert Sumwalt said. Instead, Scaled Composites "put all their eggs in the basket of the pilots doing it correctly." NTSB Chairman Christopher Hart emphasized that consideration of human factors, which was not emphasized in the design, safety assessment, and operation of SpaceShipTwo's feather system, was critical to safe human spaceflight to mitigate the potential consequences of human error. "Manned commercial spaceflight is a new frontier, with many unknown risks and hazards. In such an environment, safety margins around known hazards must be rigorously established and, where possible, expanded. For commercial spaceflight to successfully mature, we must meticulously seek out and mitigate known hazards, as a prerequisite to identifying and mitigating new hazards."<a href="#cite_note-NTSB-62">[62]</a> In its submission to the NTSB, Virgin Galactic reported that the second SS2, at the time nearing completion, had been modified with an automatic mechanical inhibit device to prevent locking or unlocking of the feather during safety-critical phases. An explicit warning about the dangers of premature unlocking had also been added to the checklist and operating handbook, and a formalized crew resource management (CRM) approach, already used by Virgin for its WK2 operations, was being adopted for SS2. However, despite CRM issues being cited as a likely contributing cause, Virgin confirmed that it would not modify the cockpit display system.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> While Virgin had been pursuing the development of a <a href="/wiki/Smallsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallsat">smallsat</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a> since 2012, the company began in 2015 to make the smallsat launch business a larger part of Virgin's core business plan, as the Virgin human spaceflight program had experienced multiple delays.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph20150822-64">[64]</a> This part of the business was spun off into a new company called <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VSS_Unity">VSS Unity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: VSS Unity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a></div> Following the crash of VSS Enterprise, the replacement SpaceShipTwo named <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a> was rolled out on 19 February 2016.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Test flights were set to begin after ground tests completed in August 2016.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> VSS Unity completed its first flight (first free flight; captive carry flights had taken place since September 2016), a successful glide test, in December 2016. The glide lasted ten minutes.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> By January 2018, seven glide tests had been completed,<a href="#cite_note-space2018jan11-70">[70]</a> and on 5 April 2018 it performed a powered test flight, the first since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> By July 2018, Unity had gone considerably higher and faster in its testing program than had its predecessor.<a href="#cite_note-geekwire072618-72">[72]</a> On 13 December 2018, VSS Unity reached a height of 82.7 km (51.4 miles) above the Earth at speeds close to three times the speed of sound. The two pilots, Mark "Forger" Stucky and Frederick "CJ" Sturckow earned <a href="/wiki/Commercial_astronaut" title="Commercial astronaut">commercial astronaut</a> wings from the US government for the accomplishment.<a href="#cite_note-meet_pilots-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Another flight in February 2019 carried third crew member (1 in the passenger cabin) for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> After transfer to <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a> in New Mexico in February 2020, a couple of 15 km altitude test flights were carried out. Due to a surge in the number of Covid-19 cases in New Mexico, Virgin Galactic had to postpone a key test flight of its spacecraft in November 2020,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> and then in December 2020, a computer connection issue prevented engine ignition.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> On 22 May 2021, VSS Unity flew its sixth powered test flight reaching an altitude of 89 km [55 mi].<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> This suborbital flight marked the first ever human space flight from New Mexico; it was piloted by CJ Sturkow (pilot-in-command) and Dave MacKay. The VSS Unity was carried to 44,000 feet by the jet powered launch aircraft Mothership Eve, where it was released to reach its suborbital altitude over New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-auto-78">[78]</a> A fully crewed test flight took place on 11 July 2021 with two pilots Dave Mackay and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Masucci" title="Michael Masucci">Michael Masucci</a> and the four passengers were Richard Branson, Beth Moses, Colin Bennett and <a href="/wiki/Sirisha_Bandla" title="Sirisha Bandla">Sirisha Bandla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The flight was initially claimed to be successful but it was later revealed Unity briefly stepped outside the airspace that had been reserved for it and the FAA were not informed as required. The <a href="/wiki/FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA">FAA</a> grounded Virgin Galactic's space planes before allowing a resumption of flights after some changes to procedures including reserving a larger volume of airspace.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> On 14 October 2021, Virgin Galactic announced that an upgrade program for Unity and Eve would begin, delaying future commercial flights to mid 2022. This followed material analysis that required further analysis.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spaceship_III">Spaceship III</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Spaceship III">edit</a>]</div> The first Spaceship III, <a href="/wiki/VSS_Imagine" title="VSS Imagine">VSS Imagine</a>, was rolled out on 30 March 2021 and it was indicated there is ground testing to do before glide test flights should commence not earlier than Summer 2021.<a href="#cite_note-S300321-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_launches">List of launches</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: List of launches">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Undue_weight plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-undue-weight" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to SpaceShipOne flights, which were not a development of nor operated by Virgin Galactic; nor of Richard Branson's predecessor company, The Spaceship Company. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">balanced fashion</a> that contextualizes different points of view. (January 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches#Flights" title="List of Virgin Galactic launches">List of Virgin Galactic launches § Flights</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SpaceShipOne_Flights">SpaceShipOne Flights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: SpaceShipOne Flights">edit</a>]</div> On 17 December 2003—on the 100th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright brothers</a> first powered flight of an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>—SpaceShipOne, piloted by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Binnie" title="Brian Binnie">Brian Binnie</a> on <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne_flight_11P" title="SpaceShipOne flight 11P">Flight 11P</a>, made its first <a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">rocket-powered</a> flight and became the first privately built craft to achieve supersonic flight.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_belfiore2007-84">[84]</a>: 8  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpaceShipOne_on_touch_down_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SpaceShipOne_on_touch_down_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/220px-SpaceShipOne_on_touch_down_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SpaceShipOne_on_touch_down_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/330px-SpaceShipOne_on_touch_down_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SpaceShipOne_on_touch_down_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/440px-SpaceShipOne_on_touch_down_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1121" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>SpaceShipOne landing</figcaption></figure> All of the flights of SpaceShipOne were from the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Airport_Civilian_Flight_Test_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojave Airport Civilian Flight Test Center">Mojave Airport Civilian Flight Test Center</a>. Flights were numbered, starting with flight 01 on May 20, 2003. One or two letters are appended to the number to indicate the type of mission. An appended C indicates that the flight was a captive carry, G indicates an unpowered glide, and P indicates a powered flight. If the actual flight differs in category from the intended flight, two letters are appended: the first indicating the intended mission and the second the mission actually performed. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>SpaceShipOne flights </caption> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Flight </th> <th align="left">Date </th> <th align="right">Top speed </th> <th align="right">Altitude </th> <th align="left">Duration </th> <th align="left">Pilot </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">01C </td> <td align="left">May 20, 2003 </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right">14.63 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">1 h 48 min </td> <td align="left">uncrewed </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">02C </td> <td align="left">July 29, 2003 </td> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right">14 km </td> <td align="right">2 h 06 min </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">03G </td> <td align="left">August 7, 2003 </td> <td align="right">278 km/h </td> <td align="right">14.33 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">19 min 00 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">04GC </td> <td align="left">August 27, 2003 </td> <td align="right">370 km/h<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">14 km </td> <td align="right">1 h 06 min </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">05G </td> <td align="left">August 27, 2003 </td> <td align="right">370 km/h </td> <td align="right">14.69 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">10 min 30 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">06G </td> <td align="left">September 23, 2003 </td> <td align="right">213 km/h </td> <td align="right">14.26 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">12 min 15 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">07G </td> <td align="left">October 17, 2003 </td> <td align="right">241 km/h </td> <td align="right">14.08 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">17 min 49 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">08G </td> <td align="left">November 14, 2003 </td> <td align="right">213 km/h </td> <td align="right">14.42 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">19 min 55 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Siebold" title="Peter Siebold">Peter Siebold</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">09G </td> <td align="left">November 19, 2003 </td> <td align="right">213 km/h </td> <td align="right">14.72 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">12 min 25 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">10G </td> <td align="left">December 4, 2003 </td> <td align="right">213 km/h </td> <td align="right">14.75 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">13 min 14 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Binnie" title="Brian Binnie">Brian Binnie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne_flight_11P" title="SpaceShipOne flight 11P">11P</a> </td> <td align="left">December 17, 2003 </td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 1.2 </td> <td align="right">20.67 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">18 min 10 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Binnie" title="Brian Binnie">Brian Binnie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">12G </td> <td align="left">March 11, 2004 </td> <td align="right">232 km/h </td> <td align="right">14.78 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">18 min 30 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Siebold" title="Peter Siebold">Peter Siebold</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne_flight_13P" title="SpaceShipOne flight 13P">13P</a> </td> <td align="left">April 8, 2004 </td> <td align="right">Mach 1.6 </td> <td align="right">32.00 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">16 min 27 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Siebold" title="Peter Siebold">Peter Siebold</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne_flight_14P" title="SpaceShipOne flight 14P">14P</a> </td> <td align="left">May 13, 2004 </td> <td align="right">Mach 2.5 </td> <td align="right">64.43 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">20 min 44 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne_flight_15P" title="SpaceShipOne flight 15P">15P</a> </td> <td align="left">June 21, 2004 </td> <td align="right">Mach 2.9 </td> <td align="right">100.124 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">24 min 05 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne_flight_16P" title="SpaceShipOne flight 16P">16P</a> </td> <td align="left">September 29, 2004 </td> <td align="right">Mach 2.92 </td> <td align="right">102.93 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">24 min 11 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne_flight_17P" title="SpaceShipOne flight 17P">17P</a> </td> <td align="left">October 4, 2004 </td> <td align="right">Mach 3.09 </td> <td align="right">112.014 km<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_ft-85">[85]</a> </td> <td align="right">23 min 56 s </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Binnie" title="Brian Binnie">Brian Binnie</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png" title="File:World's First Five Spaceplanes.png"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png/350px-The_World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png/525px-The_World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png/700px-The_World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="571" usemap="#ImageMap_9faa155ce05e5929" resource="/wiki/File:The_World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png" /></a><map name="ImageMap_9faa155ce05e5929"><area href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" shape="rect" coords="10,100,58,185" alt="North American X-15" title="North American X-15" /><area href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" shape="rect" coords="80,37,130,185" alt="Space Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle" /><area href="/wiki/Buran_(spacecraft)" shape="rect" coords="150,37,201,185" alt="Buran" title="Buran" /><area href="/wiki/File:World%27s_First_Five_Spaceplanes.png" shape="rect" coords="217,37,275,185" alt="SpaceShipOne" title="SpaceShipOne" /><area href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" shape="rect" coords="286,37,338,97" alt="Boeing X-37" title="Boeing X-37" /><area href="/wiki/Atlas_V" shape="rect" coords="286,97,338,185" alt="Atlas V" title="Atlas V" /></map><figcaption>SpaceShipOne ranks among the world's first <a href="/wiki/Spaceplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaceplanes">spaceplanes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Jubilee">first 50 years</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">North American X-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buran_(spacecraft)" title="Buran (spacecraft)">Buran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">Boeing X-37</a>. SpaceShipOne is the second <a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">spaceplane</a> to have <a href="/wiki/Rocket-powered_aircraft" title="Rocket-powered aircraft">launched</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Mother_ship" title="Mother ship">mother ship</a>, preceded only by the <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">North American X-15</a>.</figcaption></figure>The flights were accompanied by two <a href="/wiki/Chase_plane" title="Chase plane">chase planes</a>—an <a href="/wiki/Extra_300" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra 300">Extra 300</a> owned and flown by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Coleman" title="Chuck Coleman">Chuck Coleman</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Starship" title="Beechcraft Starship">Beechcraft Starship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_DevsiteFirstPrivateMannedSpaceFlight-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: SpaceShipTwo">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="VSS_Enterprise_flights">VSS Enterprise flights</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: VSS Enterprise flights">edit</a>]</div> Sources:<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_December2012Testing-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_April2013Test2-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Legend">Legend</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Legend">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code </th> <th>Detail </th></tr> <tr> <td>GFxx </td> <td>Glide Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>CCxx </td> <td>Captive Carry Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>CFxx </td> <td>Cold Flow Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>PFxx </td> <td>Powered Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fxx </td> <td>Feathering deployed </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Flights">Flights</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Flights">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Flight designation </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Duration </th> <th>Maximum altitude </th> <th>Top speed </th> <th>Pilot / co-pilot </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>41 / GF01 </td> <td>10 October 2010 </td> <td>13 min </td> <td>46,000 feet (14,000 m) </td> <td>180 knots (210 mph; 330 km/h) EAS 2 g </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Siebold" title="Peter Siebold">Siebold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Alsbury" title="Michael Alsbury">Alsbury</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 / GF02 </td> <td>28 October 2010 </td> <td>10 min, 51 sec </td> <td> </td> <td>230 knots (260 mph; 430 km/h) EAS 3 g </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_P._Stucky" title="Mark P. Stucky">Stucky</a> / Alsbury </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>45 / GF03 </td> <td>17 November 2010 </td> <td>11 min, 39 sec </td> <td> </td> <td>246 knots (283 mph; 456 km/h) EAS 3.5 g </td> <td>Siebold / Nichols </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>47 / GF04 </td> <td>13 January 2011 </td> <td>11 min, 34 sec </td> <td> </td> <td>250 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (290 mph; 460 km/h) <a href="/wiki/Equivalent_airspeed" title="Equivalent airspeed">EAS</a> 3.8 g </td> <td>Stucky / Nichols </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>56 / GF05 </td> <td>22 April 2011 </td> <td>14 min, 31 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / <a href="/wiki/Doug_Shane" title="Doug Shane">Shane</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>57 / GF06 </td> <td>27 April 2011 </td> <td>16 min, 7 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Alsbury </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>58 / GF07 </td> <td>4 May 2011 </td> <td>11 min, 5 sec </td> <td>51,500 feet (15,700 m) </td> <td>15,500 feet per minute (4,700 m/min) </td> <td>Siebold / Nichols </td> <td>F01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>59 / GF08 </td> <td>10 May 2011 </td> <td>13 min, 2 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Shane </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 / GF09 </td> <td>19 May 2011 </td> <td>11 min, 32 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Binnie" title="Brian Binnie">Binnie</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>61 / GF10 </td> <td>25 May 2011 </td> <td>10 min, 14 sec </td> <td>Above 50,000 feet (15,000 m) </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Binnie </td> <td>F02 </td></tr> <tr> <td>62 / (CC12) </td> <td>9 June 2011 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Shane </td> <td>Release failure during flight intended as GF11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>64 / GF11 </td> <td>14 June 2011 </td> <td>13 min, 18 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Shane </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65 / GF12 </td> <td>15 June 2011 </td> <td>10 min, 32 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Nichols </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>66 / GF13 </td> <td>21 June 2011 </td> <td>8 min, 55 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Nichols </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>67 / GF14 </td> <td>23 June 2011 </td> <td>7 min, 33 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Nichols </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68 / GF15 </td> <td>27 June 2011 </td> <td>7 min, 39 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Binnie </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>73 / GF16 </td> <td>29 September 2011 </td> <td>7 min, 15 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Nichols / Persall </td> <td>F03 </td></tr> <tr> <td>87 / GF17 </td> <td>26 June 2012 </td> <td>11 min, 22 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Alsbury </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>88 / GF18 </td> <td>29 June 2012 </td> <td>13 min </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / <a href="/wiki/David_Mackay_(pilot)" title="David Mackay (pilot)">Mackay</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90 / GF19 </td> <td>18 July 2012 </td> <td>10 min, 39 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Nichols </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>91 / GF20 </td> <td>2 August 2012 </td> <td>8 min </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Nichols </td> <td>F04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>92 / GF21 </td> <td>7 August 2012 </td> <td>9 min, 52 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Colmer </td> <td>F05 </td></tr> <tr> <td>93 / GF22 </td> <td>11 August 2012 </td> <td>8 min, 2 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Binnie </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>109 / GF23 </td> <td>19 December 2012 </td> <td>13 min, 24 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Alsbury </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>113 / GF24 </td> <td>3 April 2013 </td> <td>9 min </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Nichols </td> <td>F06 </td></tr> <tr> <td>114 / CF01 </td> <td>12 April 2013 </td> <td>10 min, 48 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Alsbury </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>115 / PF01<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_VG130429-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_nsw20130428-92">[92]</a> </td> <td>29 April 2013 </td> <td>13 min </td> <td>56,000 feet (17,000 m) </td> <td>Mach 1.22 </td> <td>Stucky / Alsbury </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>130 / GF25 </td> <td>25 July 2013 </td> <td>11 min, 52 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Mackay </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>131 / GF26 </td> <td>8 August 2013 </td> <td>10 min </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Mackay </td> <td>F07 </td></tr> <tr> <td>132 / PF02 </td> <td>5 September 2013 </td> <td>14 min </td> <td>69,000 feet (21,000 m) </td> <td>Mach 1.43 </td> <td>Stucky / Nichols </td> <td>F08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>141 / GF27 </td> <td>11 December 2013. </td> <td>11 min </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Masucci </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>147 / PF03 </td> <td>10 January 2014 </td> <td>12 min, 43 sec </td> <td>72,000 feet (22,000 m)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_pressrelease20140110-93">[93]</a> </td> <td>Mach 1.4 </td> <td>Mackay / Stucky<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_tribune20140110-94">[94]</a> </td> <td>F09 </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 / GF28 </td> <td>17 January 2014 </td> <td>14 min, 12 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Sturckow" title="Frederick W. Sturckow">Sturckow</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>156 / GF29<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_nbc20140829-95">[95]</a> </td> <td>29 July 2014 </td> <td>12 min </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Masucci / Siebold </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>164 / CF02<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_nbc20140829-95">[95]</a> </td> <td>28 August 2014 </td> <td>13 min </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Alsbury </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>170 / GF30<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_space20141008-96">[96]</a> </td> <td>7 October 2014 </td> <td>10 min, 30 sec </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Siebold / Sturckow<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_nbc20141007-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>F10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise_crash" title="VSS Enterprise crash">?? / PF04</a> </td> <td>31 October 2014 </td> <td>0 min, 13 sec </td> <td>roughly 50,000 feet (15,000 m)<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td> <td>? (at least Mach 0.92) </td> <td>Siebold / Alsbury<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_flyingmag20141031-99">[99]</a> </td> <td>Unintended feathering <a href="/wiki/2014_Virgin_Galactic_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Virgin Galactic crash">destroys vehicle in-flight</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="VSS_Unity_flights">VSS Unity flights</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: VSS Unity flights">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Legend_2">Legend</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Legend">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code </th> <th>Detail </th></tr> <tr> <td>GFxx </td> <td>Glide Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>CCxx </td> <td>Captive Carry Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>CFxx </td> <td>Cold Flow Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>PFxx </td> <td>Powered Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fxx </td> <td>Feathering deployed </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Flights_2">Flights</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Excerpt&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Flights">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Flight designation </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Duration </th> <th>Maximum altitude </th> <th>Top speed </th> <th>Pilot / co-pilot / passengers </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>01 / CC01 </td> <td>8 September 2016 </td> <td> </td> <td>15.2 km (50,000 ft) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_P._Stucky" title="Mark P. Stucky">Stucky</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Mackay_(pilot)" title="David Mackay (pilot)">Mackay</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_flugrevue.de-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>02 / CC02 </td> <td>1 November 2016 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Strong winds, no release during flight intended as GF01<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>03 / CC03 </td> <td>3 November 2016 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Strong winds, no release during second attempt at GF01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>04 / CC04 </td> <td>30 November 2016 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Test of minor modifications </td></tr> <tr> <td>05 / GF01 </td> <td>3 December 2016 </td> <td>10 minutes<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td> <td>16.8 km (55,000 ft) </td> <td>Mach 0.6 </td> <td>Stucky / Mackay </td> <td>First Glide Flight<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>06 / GF02 </td> <td>22 December 2016 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Mackay </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>07 / GF03 </td> <td>24 February 2017 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Sturckow" title="Frederick W. Sturckow">Sturckow</a> / Mackay </td> <td>3rd Glide Flight </td></tr> <tr> <td>08 / GF04 </td> <td>1 May 2017 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Stucky / Masucci </td> <td>F01<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>09 / CF01 </td> <td>1 June 2017 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Mackay / Sturckow </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 / GF06 </td> <td>4 August 2017 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Mackay / Sturckow </td> <td>First flight with major propulsion components aboard.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 / GF07 </td> <td>11 January 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Mach 0.9 </td> <td>Stucky / Masucci </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_kob2018jan11-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_engadget2018jan11-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_virgin2018jan11-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_space2018jan11-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 / PF01 </td> <td>5 April 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td>25.7 km (84,300 ft) </td> <td>Mach 1.87 </td> <td>Stucky / Mackay </td> <td>F02<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_cnbc2018April5-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 / PF02 </td> <td>29 May 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td>34.9 km (114,501 ft)<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </td> <td>Mach 1.9 </td> <td>Mackay / Stucky </td> <td>Test of changed center of gravity as passenger seats carried for first time. F03<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_spaceComCenterGravity-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 / PF03 </td> <td>26 July 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td>52.1 km (170,800 ft)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_virgingalactic072618-120">[120]</a> </td> <td>Mach 2.47<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_virgingalactic072618-120">[120]</a> </td> <td>Mackay / Masucci<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_geekwire072618-121">[121]</a> </td> <td>Reached <a href="/wiki/Mesosphere" title="Mesosphere">Mesosphere</a> for first time.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity_VP-03" title="VSS Unity VP-03">15 / VP-03</a> </td> <td>13 December 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td>82.7 km (271,330 ft) </td> <td>Mach 2.9<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_verge201812132-123">[123]</a> </td> <td>Stucky / Sturckow </td> <td>Reached <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a> for first time according to the US definition of the <a href="/wiki/Space_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Space border">space border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity_VF-01" title="VSS Unity VF-01">16 / VF-01</a> </td> <td>22 February 2019 </td> <td> </td> <td>89.9 km (295,007 ft)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_:0-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </td> <td>Mach 3.04 <a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_:0-125">[125]</a> </td> <td>Mackay / Masucci / <a href="/wiki/Beth_Moses" title="Beth Moses">Moses</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_:0-125">[125]</a> </td> <td>Carried third crew member (1 in the passenger cabin) for the first time <a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_:0-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 / GF08 </td> <td>1 May 2020 </td> <td> </td> <td>15.24 km (50,000 ft)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_galacticmay2020-127">[127]</a> </td> <td>Mach 0.7 <a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_galacticmay2020-127">[127]</a> </td> <td>Mackay / Sturckow <a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_galacticmay2020-127">[127]</a> </td> <td>First flight from New Mexico <a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_galacticmay2020-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 / GF09 </td> <td>25 June 2020 </td> <td> </td> <td>15.54 km (51,000 ft)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_galacticjune2020-128">[128]</a> </td> <td>Mach 0.85 <a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_galacticjune2020-128">[128]</a> </td> <td>Stucky / Masucci <a href="#cite_note-List_of_Virgin_Galactic_launches_galacticjune2020-128">[128]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>12 December 2020 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Mackay / Sturckow </td> <td>First attempted crewed spaceflight from New Mexico, aborted due to computer malfunction, engine ignited and automatically turned off.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 / <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic_Unity_21" title="Virgin Galactic Unity 21">VF-03</a> </td> <td>22 May 2021 </td> <td> </td> <td>89.23 km (55.45 mi) </td> <td> </td> <td>Mackay / Sturckow </td> <td>First crewed spaceflight (above 50 miles) from New Mexico<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic_Unity_22" title="Virgin Galactic Unity 22">22</a> </td> <td>11 July 2021 </td> <td> </td> <td>86.1 km (53.5 mi)<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Mackay / Masucci / Sirisha Bandla, Colin Bennett, Beth Moses, Richard Branson </td> <td>First fully crewed<a href="#cite_note-132">[note 1]</a> flight included Richard Branson. </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 / GF10 </td> <td>26 April 2023 </td> <td>9 minutes </td> <td>13.5 km (47,000 ft) </td> <td> </td> <td>Sturckow / Pecile </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic_Unity_25" title="Virgin Galactic Unity 25">25</a> </td> <td>25 May 2023 </td> <td>14 minutes </td> <td>87.2 km (54.2 mi) </td> <td>Mach 2.94 </td> <td>Masucci / Sturckow / Moses / Mays / Gilbert / Huie </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_01" title="Galactic 01">Galactic 01</a> </td> <td>29 June 2023 </td> <td>13:50 minutes </td> <td>85.1 km (52.9 mi) </td> <td>Mach 2.88 </td> <td>Masucci / Pecile / Villadei / Carlucci / Pandolfi / Bennett </td> <td>First VSS Unity commercial service flight, carrying members of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italian Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_02" title="Galactic 02">Galactic 02</a> </td> <td>10 August 2023 </td> <td>15:38 minutes </td> <td>88.5 km (55.0 mi) </td> <td>Mach 3.00 </td> <td>Sturckow / Latimer / Moses / Goodwin / Schahaff / Mayers </td> <td>First VSS Unity flight carrying a private astronaut.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_03" title="Galactic 03">Galactic 03</a> </td> <td>8 September 2023 </td> <td>12:37 minutes </td> <td>88.6 km (55.1 mi) </td> <td>Mach 2.95 </td> <td>Masucci / Pecile / Moses / Baxter / Reynard / Nash<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_04" title="Galactic 04">Galactic 04</a> </td> <td>6 October 2023 </td> <td>14:23 minutes </td> <td>87.4 km (54.3 mi) </td> <td>Mach 2.95 </td> <td>Latimer / Sturckow / Moses / Rosano / Beattie / Salim<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_05" title="Galactic 05">Galactic 05</a> </td> <td>2 November 2023 </td> <td>14:20 minutes </td> <td>87.2 km (54.2 mi) </td> <td>Mach 2.96 </td> <td>Masucci / Latimer / Bennett / Stern / Gerardi / Maisonrouge<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_06" title="Galactic 06">Galactic 06</a> </td> <td>26 January 2024 </td> <td> </td> <td>88.8 km (55.2 mi) </td> <td>Mach 2.98 </td> <td>Sturckow / Pecile / Borozdina / Vaughn / Haider / Kornswiet </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galactic_07" title="Galactic 07">Galactic 07</a> </td> <td>8 June 2024 </td> <td> </td> <td>87.5 km (54.4 mi) </td> <td>Mach 2.96 </td> <td>Pecile / Janjua / Atasever/ Manenti /Pergament / Sadhwani </td> <td>Final Unity flight </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collaborations">Collaborations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Collaborations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potential_collaboration_with_NASA">Potential collaboration with NASA</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Potential collaboration with NASA">edit</a>]</div> In February 2007, Virgin announced that they had signed a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> with NASA to explore the potential for collaboration,<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> but this produced only a relatively small contract in 2011 of up to $4.5 million for research flights.<a href="#cite_note-nasa2011-143">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OneWeb_satellite_Internet_access_provider">OneWeb satellite Internet access provider</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: OneWeb satellite Internet access provider">edit</a>]</div> Virgin Group in January 2015 announced an investment into the <a href="/wiki/OneWeb_satellite_constellation" class="mw-redirect" title="OneWeb satellite constellation">OneWeb satellite constellation</a> providing world Internet access service of <a href="/wiki/WorldVu" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldVu">WorldVu</a>. Virgin Galactic would take a share of the launch contracts to launch the satellites into their 1,200 km (750 mi) orbits. The prospective launches were to use the <a href="#LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-SpaceNews-01-15-15-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> In 2017 the LauncherOne business was spun off into <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a>, which ceased operations in 2023 following bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaboration_with_Boom_Technology">Collaboration with Boom Technology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Collaboration with Boom Technology">edit</a>]</div> Virgin Galactic and the Virgin Group collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Boom_Technology" title="Boom Technology">Boom Technology</a> in order to create a new <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_transport" title="Supersonic transport">supersonic passenger transporter</a> as a successor to the <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a>. This new supersonic plane would fly at Mach 2.2 (similar to Concorde) for a 3-hour trans-Atlantic flight (half of standard), projected to cost $2,500–10,000 per seat (half of Concorde) for a load of 45 passengers (the Concorde held 100). It was anticipated that with the accumulation of knowledge since the design of Concorde, the new plane would be safer and cheaper with better fuel economy, operating costs, and aerodynamics. Boom would collaborate with Virgin's <a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a> for design, engineering, and flight-test support, and manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes-2016-12-03-147">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-DenverPost-2016-12-04-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheManufacturer-2016-11-22-149">[148]</a> The initial model would be the <a href="/wiki/Boom_Technology_XB-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Boom Technology XB-1">Boom Technology XB-1 "Baby Boom" Supersonic Demonstrator</a> 1/3-size prototype. It would be capable of trans-Pacific flight, LA-to-Sydney in 6.75 hours, traveling at 2,335 km/h (1,451 mph). XB-1 would be equipped with <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J85" title="General Electric J85">General Electric J85</a> engines, Honeywell avionics, with composite structures fabricated by Blue Force using <a href="/wiki/TenCate_Advanced_Composites" class="mw-redirect" title="TenCate Advanced Composites">TenCate Advanced Composites</a> carbon fibre products. Virgin Galactic had optioned 10 units.<a href="#cite_note-DenverPost-2016-12-04-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheManufacturer-2016-11-22-149">[148]</a> These options expired in 2020.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaboration_with_Under_Armour">Collaboration with Under Armour</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Collaboration with Under Armour">edit</a>]</div> On 24 January 2019, Virgin Galactic announced a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a> for the fabrication of space suits for passengers and pilots of <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a>. Under Armour would also create uniforms for Virgin Galactic employees working at Spaceport America. The full range known as the UA | VG (Under Armour | Virgin Galactic) built with UA's new Intelliknit fabric was revealed later, ahead of Richard Branson's inaugural commercial flight.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> This range included a base layer, the space suit and footwear. It was said that the base layer would enhance performance and blood flow during the high and zero G portions of flight and the liner of the spacesuit was made of new fabrics such as Tencel Luxe, SpinIt and Nomex, used for temperature control and moisture management.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel_and_passengers">Personnel and passengers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Personnel and passengers">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_personnel">Key personnel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Key personnel">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/David_Mackay_(pilot)" title="David Mackay (pilot)">David Mackay</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">test pilot</a>, was named chief pilot for Virgin Galactic in 2011<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> and chief test-pilot.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> Steve Isakowitz was appointed as Virgin Galactic's president in June 2013.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> In October 2016, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Moses" title="Mike Moses">Mike Moses</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Steve_Isakowitz" title="Steve Isakowitz">Steve Isakowitz</a> as president; Isakowitz moved to <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace Corp.">Aerospace Corp.</a> to become president and CEO; Moses was promoted from VP Operations, and was once a NASA flight director and shuttle integration manager.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Personnel">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Founder: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a></li> <li>Interim Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Mabus" title="Ray Mabus">Ray Mabus</a></li> <li>CEO: Michael Colglazier</li> <li>CFO: Doug Ahrens</li> <li>President – Safety: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Moses" title="Mike Moses">Mike Moses</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilot_corps">Pilot corps</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Pilot corps">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Chief pilot: <a href="/wiki/David_Mackay_(pilot)" title="David Mackay (pilot)">Dave "Mac" Mackay</a><a href="#cite_note-VG-20150609-157">[156]</a></li> <li>Chief flight instructor: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Masucci" title="Michael Masucci">Mike "Sooch" Masucci</a><a href="#cite_note-VG-20150609-157">[156]</a></li> <li>Test pilot: <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Latimer" title="Kelly Latimer">Kelly Latimer</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></li> <li>Pilot: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sturckow" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Sturckow">Rick "CJ" Sturckow</a><a href="#cite_note-VG-20150609-157">[156]</a></li> <li>Pilot: <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Pecile" title="Nicola Pecile">Nicola Pecile</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a></li> <li>Chief space flight participant instructor: <a href="/wiki/Beth_Moses" title="Beth Moses">Beth Moses</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Space flight participant instructor: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colin_Bennett_(pilot)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colin Bennett (pilot) (page does not exist)">Colin Bennett</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_and_spacecraft">Aircraft and spacecraft</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Aircraft and spacecraft">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motherships">Motherships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Motherships">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="White_Knight_Two">White Knight Two</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: White Knight Two">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteKnight_Two_flying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/WhiteKnight_Two_flying.jpg/220px-WhiteKnight_Two_flying.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/WhiteKnight_Two_flying.jpg/330px-WhiteKnight_Two_flying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/WhiteKnight_Two_flying.jpg/440px-WhiteKnight_Two_flying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1068" /></a><figcaption>White Knight Two in the air</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vg-wk2-080728_(148)_cr8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vg-wk2-080728_%28148%29_cr8.jpg/220px-Vg-wk2-080728_%28148%29_cr8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vg-wk2-080728_%28148%29_cr8.jpg/330px-Vg-wk2-080728_%28148%29_cr8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vg-wk2-080728_%28148%29_cr8.jpg/440px-Vg-wk2-080728_%28148%29_cr8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>White Knight Two on the ground</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_White_Knight_Two" title="Scaled Composites White Knight Two">White Knight Two</a> is a special aeroplane built as the mothership and launch-platform for the spacecraft <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a> and the uncrewed launch vehicle <a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a> (LauncherOne never launched from underneath a White Knight Two). The mothership is a large fixed-wing <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> with two hulls linked together by a central wing. Two aircraft were planned – <a href="/wiki/VMS_Eve" title="VMS Eve">VMS Eve</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic_Spirit_of_Steve_Fossett" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Galactic Spirit of Steve Fossett">VMS Spirit of Steve Fossett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> On May 22, 2021 Mothership Eve was used to carry VSS Unity to a launch altitude of 44,000 feet.<a href="#cite_note-auto-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boeing_747">Boeing 747</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Boeing 747">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a> system used a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400</a> aircraft, renamed <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Girl_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic Girl (aircraft)">Cosmic Girl</a>, which was acquired from <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Virgin Atlantic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> This was spun off into <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a> with the <a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a> business in 2017. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Generation_II_mothership">Generation II mothership</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Generation II mothership">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion with: when will the first paper design of the Delta spaceplane be publicly shown? when is the Delta maiden flight expected so the test program can commence?. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (January 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Virgin Galactic plans to have generation 2 motherships ready for 2025, for the next-generation <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic_Delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Galactic Delta (page does not exist)">Delta-class</a> spaceplanes. In July 2022, Virgin announced it would partner with Boeing's <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Flight_Sciences" title="Aurora Flight Sciences">Aurora Flight Sciences</a> to design and build the next generation of mothership.<a href="#cite_note-Virgin-20220707-166">[165]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Boeing ended work on the contract in 2023 and has now filed suit against Virgin Galactic over unpaid bills according to a report in SpaceNews.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spaceships">Spaceships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Spaceships">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SpaceShip_Two">SpaceShip Two</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: SpaceShip Two">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a></div> Richard Branson unveiled the rocket plane on 7 December 2009, announcing that, after testing, the plane would carry fare-paying passengers ticketed for short duration journeys just above the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth">atmosphere</a>. Virgin Group would initially launch from a base in New Mexico before extending operations around the globe. Built from lightweight carbon-composite materials and powered by a hybrid rocket motor, SS2 was based on the <a href="/wiki/Ansari_X_Prize" title="Ansari X Prize">Ansari X Prize</a>-winning SpaceShipOne concept – a rocket plane that was lifted initially by a carrier aircraft before independent launch. SS1 became the world's first private spaceship with a series of high-altitude flights in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> The programme was delayed after three Scaled Composites employees – Todd Ivens, Eric Blackwell and Charles May – were killed in an accident in Mojave on 26 July 2007, where the detonation of a tank of nitrous oxide destroyed a test stand.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> They had been observing the test from behind a chain-link fence that offered no protection from the shrapnel and debris when the tank exploded. Three other employees were injured in the blast and the company was fined for breaches of health and safety rules. The cause of the accident has never been made public.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> The successor to SS1, SS2 was twice as large, measuring 18 m (60 ft) in length; whereas SpaceShipOne could carry a single pilot and two passengers, SS2 was planned to have a crew of two and room for six passengers. By August 2013, 640 customers had signed up for a flight,<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> initially at a ticket price of $200,000 per person, but raised to $250,000 in May 2013.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> Tickets were available from more than 140 "space agents" worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="SpaceShipTwo's_projected_performance">SpaceShipTwo's projected performance</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: SpaceShipTwo's projected performance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Virgin_Galactic" title="Special:EditPage/Virgin Galactic">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Virgin+Galactic%22">"Virgin Galactic"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Virgin+Galactic%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Virgin+Galactic%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Virgin+Galactic%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Virgin+Galactic%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Virgin+Galactic%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (March 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> SpaceShipTwo was designed to fly to a height of 110 km,<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> going beyond the defined <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">boundary of space</a> (100 km) and lengthening the experience of weightlessness for its passengers. The spacecraft would reach a top speed of 4000 km/h (2485 mph). On 23 May 2014, Virgin Galactic announced that they had abandoned use of the Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) nitrous-oxide-rubber motor for SpaceShipTwo;<a href="#cite_note-Virgin_Galactic-175">[174]</a> on 24 July 2014, SNC confirmed that they had also abandoned use of this motor for their <a href="/wiki/Dream_Chaser" title="Dream Chaser">Dream Chaser</a> space shuttle.<a href="#cite_note-SNC_abandons_hybrid_motor-176">[175]</a> Future testing was to see SpaceShipTwo powered by a polyamide grain powered motor. As of July 2021 the maximum height reached has been 89.9 km.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> In honor of the science-fiction series <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>, the first ship was named after the fictional starship Enterprise. To reenter the atmosphere, SpaceShipTwo folded its wings and then returned them to their original position for an unpowered descent flight back onto the runway. The craft had a very limited cross-range capability, and until other planned spaceports would be built worldwide, it had to land in the area where it started. Further spaceports were planned in Abu Dhabi and elsewhere, with the intention that the spaceline would have a worldwide availability and commodity in the future. There was a series of delays to the SS2 flight test vehicle becoming operational, amidst repeated assurances from Virgin Galactic marketing that operational flights were only a year or two out. The Wall Street Journal reported in November 2014 that there has been "tension between Mr. Branson's upbeat projections and the persistent hurdles that challenged the company's hundreds of technical experts."<a href="#cite_note-wsj20141113-178">[177]</a> The company responded that "the company and its contractors 'have internal milestones, such as schedule estimates and goals, but the companies are driven by safety and the completion of the flight test program before moving into commercial service.' Virgin Galactic's schedules have always been consistent with internal schedules of its contractors and changes have 'never impacted flight safety'."<a href="#cite_note-wsj20141113-178">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SpaceShip_III_2">SpaceShip III</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: SpaceShip III">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SpaceShip_III" title="SpaceShip III">SpaceShip III</a></div> SpaceShip III is an evolved version of SpaceShipTwo. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Delta-class_spaceship">Delta-class spaceship</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Delta-class spaceship">edit</a>]</div> Virgin Galactic plans to have its third generation spaceship, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic_Delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Galactic Delta (page does not exist)">Delta</a> class, ready for testing in 2025 and commercial flight in 2026, along with the next generation of mothership.<a href="#cite_note-Virgin-20220707-166">[165]</a> The Delta class is to be functionally the same as the SpaceShip III class, but it has been redesigned for higher production volumes.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fleet">Fleet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Fleet">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8" style="background: #DADCE0;">SpaceShipTwo (spaceships) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Commissioned</th> <th>Decommissioned</th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise" title="VSS Enterprise">VSS Enterprise</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise_crash" title="VSS Enterprise crash">Destroyed due to in flight anomaly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a></td> <td>2016</td> <td>2024</td> <td>Retired </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8" style="background: #DADCE0;">SpaceShip III (spaceships) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VSS_Imagine" title="VSS Imagine">VSS Imagine</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a></td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Cancelled; never flown </td></tr> <tr> <td>VSS Inspire</td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Cancelled; never flown </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8" style="background: #DADCE0;">WhiteKnightTwo (motherships) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Commissioned</th> <th>Decommissioned</th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VMS_Eve" title="VMS Eve">VMS Eve</a></td> <td>2008</td> <td>In use</td> <td>In use </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8" style="background: #DADCE0;">Boeing 747 (motherships) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Commissioned</th> <th>Decommissioned</th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Girl_(airplane)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic Girl (airplane)">Cosmic Girl</a></td> <td>2015</td> <td>2017</td> <td>Transferred from Virgin Galactic to <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a> in 2017 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_spaceflight_locations">Commercial spaceflight locations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Commercial spaceflight locations">edit</a>]</div> In 2008 it was announced that test launches for its fleet of two White Knight Two mother ships and five or more SpaceShipTwo tourist suborbital spacecraft would take place from the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojave Spaceport">Mojave Spaceport</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites" title="Scaled Composites">Scaled Composites</a> was constructing the spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-launchsite-182">[181]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] An international architectural competition for the design of Virgin Galactic's operating base, <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, saw the contract awarded to URS and Foster + Partners architects.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> In the same year Virgin Galactic announced that it would eventually operate in Europe out of <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_Sweden" title="Spaceport Sweden">Spaceport Sweden</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] or even from <a href="/wiki/RAF_Lossiemouth" title="RAF Lossiemouth">RAF Lossiemouth</a> in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-scuk2008-185">[184]</a> While the original plan called for flight operations to transfer from the California desert to the new spaceport upon completion of the spaceport,<a href="#cite_note-launchsite-182">[181]</a> at the time Virgin Galactic had yet to complete the development and test program of <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a>. In October 2010, the 3,000 m (10,000 ft) runway at Spaceport America was opened, with SpaceShipTwo "VSS Enterprise" shipped to the site carried underneath the fuselage of Virgin Galactic's mothership Eve.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_operations_and_aspirations">Other operations and aspirations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Other operations and aspirations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: LauncherOne">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a></div> LauncherOne was an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_launch_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital launch vehicle">orbital launch vehicle</a> that Virgin Galactic had begun working on by late 2008,<a href="#cite_note-fgh20081209-187">[186]</a> with the technical specifications defined in some detail in late 2009.<a href="#cite_note-bbc20090713-188">[187]</a> The LauncherOne configuration was proposed to be an expendable, two-stage, liquid-fueled rocket, envisaged to be <a href="/wiki/Air_launch_to_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Air launch to orbit">air-launched</a> from a <a href="/wiki/White_Knight_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="White Knight Two">White Knight Two</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Space.com-2012-07-11-189">[188]</a> This would make it a similar configuration to that used by <a href="/wiki/Orbital_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital Sciences">Orbital Sciences</a>' <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus (rocket)">Pegasus</a>, or a smaller version of the <a href="/wiki/StratoLaunch" class="mw-redirect" title="StratoLaunch">StratoLaunch</a>. LauncherOne was publicly announced in July 2012. It was intended to launch "<a href="/wiki/Smallsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallsat">smallsat</a>" <a href="/wiki/Payload_(air_and_space_craft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Payload (air and space craft)">payloads</a> of 200 kilograms (440 lb) into <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Earth orbit</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">commercial</a> customers initially contracted for launches, including GeoOptics, <a href="/wiki/Skybox_Imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Skybox Imaging">Skybox Imaging</a>, Spaceflight Services, and <a href="/wiki/Planetary_Resources" title="Planetary Resources">Planetary Resources</a>. Both <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology" title="Surrey Satellite Technology">Surrey Satellite Technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Space Systems</a> began developing <a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">satellite buses</a> "optimized to the design of LauncherOne".<a href="#cite_note-nsj20120711-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc20120711-191">[190]</a> In 2015, Virgin Galactic established a 150,000-square-foot (14,000 m2) research, development, and manufacturing center for LauncherOne at the <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Airport" title="Long Beach Airport">Long Beach Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> The company reported in March 2015 that they were on schedule to begin test flights of LauncherOne with its Newton 3 engine by the end of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-sn20150316-193">[192]</a> On 25 June 2015, the company signed a contract with <a href="/wiki/OneWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="OneWeb">OneWeb Ltd.</a> for 39 satellite launches for its <a href="/wiki/OneWeb_satellite_constellation" class="mw-redirect" title="OneWeb satellite constellation">satellite constellation</a> with an option for an additional 100 launches.<a href="#cite_note-OneWebLaunchContract-194">[193]</a> In March 2017, Virgin Galactic spun off its 200-member LauncherOne team into a new company called <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> Virgin Orbit went bankrupt in 2023 after a few space launches. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Point_to_point_suborbital_travel">Point to point suborbital travel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Point to point suborbital travel">edit</a>]</div> In 2016 TSC, Virgin Galactic and the Virgin Group began a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Boom_Technology" title="Boom Technology">Boom Technology</a> to develop a <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_transport" title="Supersonic transport">supersonic trans-oceanic passenger jetliner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DenverPost-2016-12-04-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheManufacturer-2016-11-22-149">[148]</a> A mission concept review of a Mach 3 vehicle design was carried out.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competition">Competition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Competition">edit</a>]</div> Virgin Galactic is not the only corporation pursuing suborbital spacecraft for tourism. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blue_Origin">Blue Origin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Blue Origin">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> was developing suborbital flights with its <a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a> spacecraft at the same time as Virgin Galactic developed their vehicles. Although initially more secretive<a href="#cite_note-nsj20110902-197">[196]</a> about its plans, Jeff Bezos' company ended up developing a spacecraft that takes off and lands vertically and could carry six (at sometime planned four) people to the edge of space. New Shepard first flew unmanned above the <a href="/wiki/Karman_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Karman line">Karman line</a> and landed in 2015<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> and the same vehicle was reflown unmanned to above the Karman line again in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> On 20 July 2021, Blue Origin flew their first crewed flight and first paying customer, Dutch teenager <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Daemen" title="Oliver Daemen">Oliver Daemen</a>. Also on the flight were Bezos himself, his younger brother, and aviation legend <a href="/wiki/Wally_Funk" title="Wally Funk">Wally Funk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sn20210720-200">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_Crew_Program">Commercial Crew Program</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Commercial Crew Program">edit</a>]</div> On 16 September 2014, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> and Boeing were awarded contracts as part of NASA's <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development#Commercial_Crew_Transportation_Capability_(CCtCap)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Crew Development">CCtCap</a> program to develop their <a href="/wiki/Dragon_V2" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon V2">Crew Dragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/CST-100_Starliner" class="mw-redirect" title="CST-100 Starliner">CST-100 Starliner</a> spacecraft, respectively. Both are capsule designs to bring crew to orbit, a different commercial market than that addressed by Virgin Galactic.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XCOR">XCOR</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: XCOR">edit</a>]</div> Now-defunct <a href="/wiki/XCOR_Aerospace" title="XCOR Aerospace">XCOR Aerospace</a> had also worked on rocket-powered aircraft during many of the years that Virgin Galactic had; XCOR's <a href="/wiki/XCOR_Lynx" title="XCOR Lynx">Lynx suborbital vehicle</a> was under development for more than a decade, and its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/XCOR_EZ-Rocket" title="XCOR EZ-Rocket">XCOR EZ-Rocket</a> experimental rocket powered airplane did actually take flight, but the company closed its doors in 2017.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_accomplishments">Notable accomplishments</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notable accomplishments">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_launch_of_founder_into_space_[note_2]">First launch of founder into space <a href="#cite_note-footnote-201">[note 2]</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: First launch of founder into space [note 2]">edit</a>]</div> On 11 July 2021 Virgin Galactic became the first spaceflight company to independently launch a founder of the company into space, using the 50-mile (80 km) high US definition of space, having flown founder Richard Branson above the 50-mile (80 km) mark on flight <a href="/wiki/Unity_22" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity 22">Unity 22</a><a href="#cite_note-footnote-201">[note 2]</a>. This suborbital flight was accomplished using the twin-fuselage aircraft launch platform VMS Eve, coupled together with <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a>, enabling Branson, three other employee passengers and the two pilots to experience approximately three minutes of weightlessness above Earth's atmosphere. The entire flight lasted approximately one hour, taking off and landing at <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a> facility near <a href="/wiki/Truth_or_Consequences,_New_Mexico" title="Truth or Consequences, New Mexico">Truth or Consequences, New Mexico</a>. This flight had originally been scheduled to occur later in the summer; however, shortly after the announcement of competitor <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a>'s plans to fly Amazon founder <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> into space on 20 July 2021, the Virgin Galactic flight was rescheduled to occur on 11 July 2021. At the time Virgin Galactic had been certified by the FAA to provide commercial spaceflight travel,<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> and its accounts reported that over 600 commercial passengers had already signed up. The August 2021 price was <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>450,000 per person.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_commercial_flight">First commercial flight</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: First commercial flight">edit</a>]</div> Virgin Galactic (at some point) planned to begin commercial spaceflight service in 2022;<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> and said it was in the final phases of returning its suborbital spaceplane to commercial service in Feb 2022.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Galactic_01" title="Galactic 01">first commercial flight</a> took place on 29 June 2023 with three outside passengers (people not employed by Virgin Galactic).<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> The 70-minute mission was purchased for the Italian Air Force and the Italian National Research Council. The company at the time had a backlog of 800 or so individuals who've bought tickets to ride on Unity. The approximate launch cadence at the time was about one launch a month. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_spacecraft" title="List of crewed spacecraft">List of crewed spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Spaceport_Authority" title="New Mexico Spaceport Authority">New Mexico Spaceport Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewSpace" class="mw-redirect" title="NewSpace">NewSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Prize_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="X Prize Foundation">X Prize Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a> vehicles (like <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a>) were originally designed for 8 people, 6 passengers and 2 pilots, so whether this flight was fully-crewed is debatable. But it is true that at the time of this flight, only 6 seats (4 passengers, 2 pilots) were installed in VSS Unity, so in this sense this flight was fully-crewed. Also, no SpaceShipTwo vehicle, VSS Unity in particular, ever had more than 6 seats installed and never flew with more than 6 people (2 pilots, 4 passengers) onboard, so in this sense this flight was also fully-crewed. </li> <li id="cite_note-footnote-201">^ <a href="#cite_ref-footnote_201-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-footnote_201-1">b</a> The claim of being the first spaceflight company to independently launch a civilian into space on a suborbital flight using the 50-mile (80 km) high definition of space can be disputed as this had been done already in 2004 (see <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne" title="SpaceShipOne">SpaceShipOne</a>, which actually reached the 100 km (62 mi) <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a> level). If it is meant that Virgin Galactic was the first to launch a civilian non-pilot into space on a suborbital flight, this was done already in 2019 with <a href="/wiki/Beth_Moses" title="Beth Moses">Beth Moses</a>. Furthermore, because of Mr. Branson's affiliation with Virgin Galactic, it is impossible to distinguish whether his flight was done as a private person for amusement, also as a space tourist, or as a company employee on company time and company pay (also whether Branson was advertising/marketing the company, and thus was working during the flight in the capacity of company officer for the company, and was not a space tourist at all); this latter case (working during the flight) would have been a similar situation as Beth Moses or the pilots that flew Virgin Galactic's prior spaceflights were in their respective spaceflights. So it is not clear whether Mr. Branson's flight can be considered the first space tourist flight into suborbital space either; and if it cannot, then the flight is not a "first" as many people, including the above-mentioned Beth Moses, have made a spaceflight because of their work without being an astronaut, some even an orbital flight, and as Ms. Moses was in a similar situation as Mr. Branson (working for Virgin Galactic, flying suborbitally in the passenger cabin, i.e. not as a pilot) it is very hard to see in which way the 11 July 2021 flight, and especially Mr. Branson's role in it, constituted a "first of something in space" (as most of the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_space_exploration" title="Timeline of space exploration">"firsts of something in space"</a> would have been accomplished prior to the <a href="/wiki/Unity_22" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity 22">2021 Branson flight</a>, for example by the <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity_VF-01" title="VSS Unity VF-01">2019 Moses flight</a>). However, as an exception to the previous statement that the 11 July 2021 flight and Mr. Branson's participation in it did not achieve any "firsts in space", let it be said that it is true that the 11 July 2021 flight was the first time more than 3 people flew suborbitally on a (USAF/NASA) spaceflight and the first time more than 1 passenger (i.e. non-pilot) flew on a suborbital (USAF/NASA) spaceflight, and Mr. Branson was the first founder of a spaceflight company to fly to (USAF/NASA) space on his own company's craft, all the above using the USAF/NASA definition of space as above 50 miles. Furthermore, all of the above concerns only suborbital spaceflights (above 50 miles) as there have been numerous orbital space flights of various space tourists (civilian, non-pilot, flying for amusement or for work, etc.) over the years and decades, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a> in 2001. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1706946/000170694623000016/spce-20221231.htm">"Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. 2022 Annual Report (Form 10-K)"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.virgingalactic.com&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic%27s+SpaceshipTwo+Completes+Second+Flight+From+Spaceport+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virgingalactic.com%2Farticles%2Fvirgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-completes-second-flight-from-spaceport-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGebhardtBurghardt2020" class="citation web cs1">Gebhardt, Chris; Burghardt, Thomas (12 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/new-mexico-joins-human-spaceflight-with-unity-flight/">"VSS Unity aborts after engine start, safely lands with crew back at Spaceport America"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VSS+Unity+aborts+after+engine+start%2C+safely+lands+with+crew+back+at+Spaceport+America&rft.date=2020-12-12&rft.aulast=Gebhardt&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Burghardt%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2020%2F12%2Fnew-mexico-joins-human-spaceflight-with-unity-flight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-57214988">"Virgin Galactic rocket plane flies to edge of space"</a>. BBC News. 22 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic+rocket+plane+flies+to+edge+of+space&rft.date=2021-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-57214988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-successfully-completes-first-fully-crewed-spaceflight">"Virgin Galactic Successfully Completes First Fully Crewed Spaceflight"</a>. 11 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Galactic+Successfully+Completes+First+Fully+Crewed+Spaceflight&rft.date=2021-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virgingalactic.com%2Farticles%2Fvirgin-galactic-successfully-completes-first-fully-crewed-spaceflight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virgingalactic.com/news/virgin-galactic-completes-glide-flight-from-spaceport-america/">"Virgin Galactic completes glide flight from Spaceport America"</a>. Virgin Galactic (Press release). 26 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Galactic+completes+glide+flight+from+Spaceport+America&rft.date=2023-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virgingalactic.com%2Fnews%2Fvirgin-galactic-completes-glide-flight-from-spaceport-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virgingalactic.com/news/virgin-galactic-completes-successful-spaceflight">"Virgin Galactic completes successful spaceflight"</a>. Virgin Galactic (Press release). 25 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Galactic+completes+successful+spaceflight&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virgingalactic.com%2Fnews%2Fvirgin-galactic-completes-successful-spaceflight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/25/virgin-galactic-unity-25-spaceflight-final-test-before-commercial-service.html">"Virgin Galactic completes Unity 25 spaceflight in key final test before commercial service"</a>. CNBC News. 25 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC+News&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic+completes+Unity+25+spaceflight+in+key+final+test+before+commercial+service&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2023%2F05%2F25%2Fvirgin-galactic-unity-25-spaceflight-final-test-before-commercial-service.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_McDowell2023" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (29 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/planet4589/status/1674445777425293312">"Galactic 01 stats: launch 1528:38 UTC, apogee 85.1 km, flight time from drop to main gear touchdown 13m50s. Drop location EBR P3 in my launch points list (107.0W 33.3N)"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Galactic+01+stats%3A+launch+1528%3A38+UTC%2C+apogee+85.1+km%2C+flight+time+from+drop+to+main+gear+touchdown+13m50s.+Drop+location+EBR+P3+in+my+launch+points+list+%28107.0W+33.3N%29&rft.date=2023-06-29&rft.au=Jonathan+McDowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fplanet4589%2Fstatus%2F1674445777425293312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_McDowell2023" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (10 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/planet4589/status/1689783764639961089">"I don't quite agree with these numbers. I have takeoff of White Knight 2 at 1429:45 UTC (in agreement with their 8.30 am MDT) but landing of SS2 at 1532:48 UTC (9.32 am MDT). Release time 1517:10 UTC and SS2 free flight time 15:38 with apogee 88.5 km"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+don%27t+quite+agree+with+these+numbers.+I+have+takeoff+of+White+Knight+2+at+1429%3A45+UTC+%28in+agreement+with+their+8.30+am+MDT%29+but+landing+of+SS2+at+1532%3A48+UTC+%289.32+am+MDT%29.+Release+time+1517%3A10+UTC+and+SS2+free+flight+time+15%3A38+with+apogee+88.5+km.&rft.date=2023-08-10&rft.au=Jonathan+McDowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fplanet4589%2Fstatus%2F1689783764639961089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/virgingalactic/status/1700170319343112596?s=20">"Core memory unlocked. Welcome to space, #Galactic03. Congratulations, 014, 015, and 016!"</a>. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 8 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X+%28formerly+Twitter%29&rft.atitle=Core+memory+unlocked.+Welcome+to+space%2C+%23Galactic03.+Congratulations%2C+014%2C+015%2C+and+016%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fvirgingalactic%2Fstatus%2F1700170319343112596%3Fs%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virgingalactic.com/news/virgin-galactic-completes-fifth-successful-spaceflight-in-five-months">"Virgin Galactic completes fifth successful flight in five months"</a>. Virgin Galactic (Press release). 6 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Galactic+completes+fifth+successful+flight+in+five+months&rft.date=2023-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virgingalactic.com%2Fnews%2Fvirgin-galactic-completes-fifth-successful-spaceflight-in-five-months&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virgingalactic.com/news/virgin-galactic-completes-sixth-successful-spaceflight-in-six-months">"Virgin Galactic Completes Sixth Successful Spaceflight in Six Months"</a>. Virgin Galactic (Press release). 2 November 2023. 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Virgin Galactic. Virgin Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virgin+Galactic&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic+announces+Boeing%27s+Aurora+will+build+new+motherships&rft.date=2022-07-07&rft.au=Natalie+Clarkson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virgin.com%2Fabout-virgin%2Flatest%2Fvirgin-galactic-announces-boeings-aurora-will-build-new-motherships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/boeing-sues-virgin-galactic-over-mothership-project/">"Boeing sues Virgin Galactic over mothership project"</a>. SpaceNews. 26 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boeing+sues+Virgin+Galactic+over+mothership+project&rft.pub=SpaceNews&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fboeing-sues-virgin-galactic-over-mothership-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3712998.stm">"SpaceShipOne rockets to success"</a>. BBC.co.uk. 7 October 2005. Retrieved 2 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC.co.uk&rft.atitle=SpaceShipOne+rockets+to+success&rft.date=2005-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F3712998.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspacejournal.com/2014/01/26/new-branson-bio-examines-delays-and-other-problems-with-virgin-galactic/">"New Branson bio examines delays and other problems with Virgin Galactic"</a>. Retrieved 26 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Branson+bio+examines+delays+and+other+problems+with+Virgin+Galactic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspacejournal.com%2F2014%2F01%2F26%2Fnew-branson-bio-examines-delays-and-other-problems-with-virgin-galactic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109121947/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/11218595/Virgin-Galactic-crash-Dont-let-more-die-Richard-Branson-told.html">"'Don't let more die', Richard Branson told"</a>. London Daily Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/11218595/Virgin-Galactic-crash-Dont-let-more-die-Richard-Branson-told.html">the original</a> on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Don%27t+let+more+die%27%2C+Richard+Branson+told&rft.pub=London+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fscience%2Fspace%2F11218595%2FVirgin-Galactic-crash-Dont-let-more-die-Richard-Branson-told.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington,_Daisy2013" class="citation news cs1">Carrington, Daisy (16 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/15/travel/virgin-galactic-250000-ticket-to-space">"What does a $250,000 ticket to space with Virgin Galactic actually buy you?"</a>. CNN.com. Retrieved 17 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+does+a+%24250%2C000+ticket+to+space+with+Virgin+Galactic+actually+buy+you%3F&rft.date=2013-08-16&rft.au=Carrington%2C+Daisy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F08%2F15%2Ftravel%2Fvirgin-galactic-250000-ticket-to-space&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall,_Mike2013" class="citation news cs1">Wall, Mike (30 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/20886-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-ticket-prices.html">"Ticket Price for Private Spaceflights on Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Going Up"</a>. Space.com. 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Retrieved 3 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Want+a+ticket+to+space%3F+Virgin+Galactic+agents+are+standing&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft.au=Forgione%2C+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Ftravel%2Fla-xpm-2013-may-02-la-trb-virgin-galactic-ticket-sales-20130429-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/update/2014-10-31/what-is-virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo">"What is Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo?"</a>. ITV. 31 October 2014. <q>It was designed to be carried 15km into the air by the WhiteKnightTwo jet and then released by the mothership, whereupon a rocket motor ignites to fire the craft to an altitude of 110km, before it returns to Earth as a glider.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Virgin+Galactic%27s+SpaceShipTwo%3F&rft.pub=ITV&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2Fupdate%2F2014-10-31%2Fwhat-is-virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Virgin_Galactic-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Virgin_Galactic_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140526060112/http://www.virgingalactic.com/news/item/virgin-galactic-rocket-motor-milestone/">"Virgin Galactic Rocket Motor Milestone"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/08/19/snc-abandons-hybrid-motors-dream-chaser/">the original</a> on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SNC+abandons+own+hybrid+motors+on+Dream+Chaser&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parabolicarc.com%2F2014%2F08%2F19%2Fsnc-abandons-hybrid-motors-dream-chaser%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvirgingalactic2019" class="citation web cs1">@virgingalactic (22 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/virgingalactic/status/1099001460027645952">"SpaceShipTwo reached an apogee of: 55.87miles 295,007ft 89.9km"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SpaceShipTwo+reached+an+apogee+of%3A+55.87miles+295%2C007ft+89.9km&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.au=virgingalactic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fvirgingalactic%2Fstatus%2F1099001460027645952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj20141113-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsj20141113_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj20141113_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasztor2014" class="citation news cs1">Pasztor, Andy (13 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/articles/problems-plagued-virgin-galactic-rocket-ship-long-before-crash-1415838171">"Problems Plagued Virgin Galactic Rocket Ship Long Before Crash"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. 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Retrieved 29 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic+launches+four+private+astronauts+as+it+prepares+to+end+Unity+flights&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fvirgin-galactic-launches-four-private-astronauts-as-it-prepares-to-end-unity-flights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711172736/https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-unveils-vss-imagine-the-first-spaceship-iii-in-its-growing-fleet/">"Virgin Galactic unveils VSS Imagine the first spaceship III in its growing fleet"</a>. 30 March 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virgingalactic.com/articles/virgin-galactic-unveils-vss-imagine-the-first-spaceship-iii-in-its-growing-fleet/">the original</a> on 11 July 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virgingalactic.com/htmlsite/news.php">the original</a> on 1 July 2008. 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Retrieved 4 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Virgin+Galactic+in+final+phases+of+return+to+flight&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fvirgin-galactic-in-final-phases-of-return-to-flight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/science-environment-66060602">"Virgin space plane takes off with first customers"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved 30 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Virgin+space+plane+takes+off+with+first+customers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fscience-environment-66060602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgin+Galactic" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header">Listen to this article (13 minutes)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="771" data-mwtitle="Virgin_Galactic.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Virgin_Galactic.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Virgin_Galactic.ogg/Virgin_Galactic.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Galactic.ogg" title="File:Virgin Galactic.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 9 May 2012 (2012-05-09), and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virgingalactic.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373225#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li>Business data for Virgin Galactic: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/SPCE:US">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/SPCE">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/SPCE.N">Reuters</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=SPCE">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/SPCE">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thespaceshipcompany.com">The Spaceship Company</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacefellowship.com/News/?p=7772">Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Mothership Makes Maiden Flight</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/php/video/player.php?video_id=Virgin_galactic01">Virgin Galactic:Let the Journey Begin (Video)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacedaily.com/news/spacetravel-05zzzg.html">Branson And Rutan Launch New Spaceship Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/1439-okays-virgin-galactic-spaceship-plans.html">U.S. Okays Virgin Galactic Spaceship Plans</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna11630251">New Mexico Spaceport Bills Signed</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Lloyds_Eyes_Covering_Virgin_Spaceflights.html">Lloyds Eyes Covering Virgin Spaceflights</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacefellowship.com/News/?p=6155">Virgin Galactic Rolls Out Mothership "Eve"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrotalkuk.org/episode-38-january-23rd-2011-want-to-be-an-astronaut-book-a-ticket-online/">Episode 38: January 23rd 2011: Want to be an Astronaut? Book a ticket online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://watchdog.org/127858/spaceport-virgin-galactic/">Failure to launch? Spaceport America takes a couple of hits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012181402/http://watchdog.org/127858/spaceport-virgin-galactic/">Archived</a> 2016-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virgin_Galactic" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virgin_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E4181E; color: white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virgin_Group" title="Template:Virgin Group"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Active" title="Virgin Active">Active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Balloon_Flights" title="Virgin Balloon Flights">Balloon Flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Experience_Days" title="Virgin Experience Days">Experience Days</a></li> <li>Red</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Voucher" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Voucher">Voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Wines" title="Virgin Wines">Wines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Travel / transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic_Holidays" title="Virgin Atlantic Holidays">Holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels" title="Virgin Hotels">Hotels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels_Chicago" title="Virgin Hotels Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hotels_Las_Vegas" title="Virgin Hotels Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Limited_Edition" title="Virgin Limited Edition">Limited Edition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natirar" title="Natirar">Natirar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necker_Island_(British_Virgin_Islands)" title="Necker Island (British Virgin Islands)">Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Roof_Gardens" title="Kensington Roof Gardens">Roof Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulusaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulusaba">Ulusaba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia_Holdings" title="Virgin Australia Holdings">Virgin Australia Holdings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia" title="Virgin Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia_Regional_Airlines" title="Virgin Australia Regional Airlines">Regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Oceanic" title="Virgin Oceanic">Oceanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Voyages" title="Virgin Voyages">Voyages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Megastores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Music_Group" title="Virgin Music Group">Virgin Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Records" title="Caroline Records">Caroline Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V2_Records" title="V2 Records">V2 Records</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_(brand)" title="Virgin Money (brand)">Money</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_UK" title="Virgin Money UK">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_Australia" title="Virgin Money Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Media</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Connect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2 UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Ireland" title="Virgin Media Ireland">Virgin Media Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Television_(Ireland)" title="Virgin Media Television (Ireland)">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile" title="Virgin Mobile">Virgin Mobile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Chile" title="Virgin Mobile Chile">Chile</a></li> <li>Ireland</li> <li>Kuwait</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Polska" title="Virgin Mobile Polska">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Saudi_Arabia" title="Virgin Mobile Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Plus" title="Virgin Plus">Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio" title="Virgin Radio">Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">UK</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CJCH-FM" title="CJCH-FM">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJFM-FM" title="CJFM-FM">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKFM-FM" title="CKFM-FM">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFCA-FM" title="CFCA-FM">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIQM-FM" title="CIQM-FM">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDR-FM" title="CIDR-FM">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKMM-FM" title="CKMM-FM">Winnipeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFMG-FM" title="CFMG-FM">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIBK-FM" title="CIBK-FM">Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHSU-FM" title="CHSU-FM">Kelowna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFBT-FM" title="CFBT-FM">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHBE-FM" title="CHBE-FM">Victoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Italia" title="Virgin Radio Italia">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Dubai" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Dubai">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Lebanon" title="Virgin Radio Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Romania" title="Virgin Radio Romania">Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_America" title="Virgin America">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Brides" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Brides">Brides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cars" title="Virgin Cars">Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Care" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Care">Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cinemas" title="Virgin Cinemas">Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Comics" title="Liquid Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connect_Airways" title="Connect Airways">Connect Airways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flybe_(1979-2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flybe (1979-2020)">Flybe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigerair_Australia" title="Tigerair Australia">Tigerair Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Digital" title="Virgin Digital">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Digital_Help" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Digital Help">Digital Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Drinks" title="Virgin Drinks">Drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Cola" title="Virgin Cola">Cola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Vodka" title="Virgin Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Electronics">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_EMI_Records" title="Virgin EMI Records">Virgin EMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Express" title="Virgin Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Festival_(Australia)" title="V Festival (Australia)">Festival (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Festival" title="V Festival">Festival (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Festival" title="Virgin Festival">Festival (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Films" title="Virgin Films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Gaming">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Green_Fund" title="Virgin Green Fund">Green Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Health_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Health Bank">Health Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_(nightclub)" title="Heaven (nightclub)">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Hyperloop" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Interactive">Interactive</a></li> <li>Limobike</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Limousines" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Limousines">Limousines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic_Little_Red" title="Virgin Atlantic Little Red">Little Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores_UK" title="Virgin Megastores UK">Megastores (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_TV_Group" title="Living TV Group">Media Television (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile Australia"> Mobile (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_France" title="Virgin Mobile France">Mobile (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile India">Mobile (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_South_Africa" title="Virgin Mobile South Africa"> Mobile (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Mobile (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_USA" title="Virgin Mobile USA">Mobile (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Money South Africa">Money (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_US" title="Virgin Money US">Money (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Music" title="Virgin Music">Virgin Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Nigeria" title="Air Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnata_UK" title="Dnata UK">Plane Handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Play" title="Virgin Play">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Produced" title="Virgin Produced">Produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Virgin" title="Radio Free Virgin">Radio Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rock" title="Northern Rock">Northern Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C3%BCi_FM" title="Oüi FM">Oüi FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DS_Virgin_Racing" class="mw-redirect" title="DS Virgin Racing">Racing (Electric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing">Racing (F1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio Jakarta">Radio (Jakarta)</a></li> <li>Radio (Jordan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKQB-FM" title="CKQB-FM">Radio (Ottawa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio">Radio (UK)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Classic Rock">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Groove" title="Virgin Radio Groove">Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Xtreme" title="Absolute Xtreme">Xtreme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_2" title="Europe 2">Virgin Radio France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Samoa" title="Virgin Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Sun_Airlines" title="Virgin Sun Airlines">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trainline" title="Trainline">Trainline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_(brand)" title="Virgin Trains (brand)">Trains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_CrossCountry" title="Virgin CrossCountry">CrossCountry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_East_Coast" title="Virgin Trains East Coast">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_ExpressCoach" title="Virgin Trains ExpressCoach">ExpressCoach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_(open_access_operator)" title="Virgin Trains (open access operator)">Open Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightline" title="Brightline">USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Trains_West_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Trains West Coast">West Coast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_City_Direct" title="Travel City Direct">Travel City Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Vacations" title="Virgin Vacations">Vacations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Australia" title="V Australia">V Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie_at_Home" title="Vie at Home">Vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin.net" title="Virgin.net">Virgin.net</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Clarke-Willson" title="Stephen Clarke-Willson">Stephen Clarke-Willson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nik_Powell" title="Nik Powell">Nik Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ridgway" title="Steve Ridgway">Steve Ridgway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E4181E; color: white;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Tricks_(scandal)" title="Dirty Tricks (scandal)">"Dirty tricks" campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing_My_Virginity" title="Losing My Virginity">Losing My Virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Richard_Branson%27s_business_ventures" title="Timeline of Richard Branson's business ventures">Timeline of Richard Branson's business ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Unite" title="Virgin Unite">Unite (charity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Earth_Challenge" title="Virgin Earth Challenge">Virgin Earth Challenge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #E4181E; color: white"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Virgin_Group" title="Category:Virgin Group">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virgin_Group" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virgin Group">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virgin_Galactic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virgin_Galactic" title="Template:Virgin Galactic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virgin_Galactic" title="Template talk:Virgin Galactic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin_Galactic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virgin Galactic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virgin_Galactic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Galactic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>Parent company: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Colglazier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Colglazier (page does not exist)">Michael Colglazier</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Campagna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Campagna (page does not exist)">Jon Campagna</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Whitesides" title="George T. Whitesides">George T. Whitesides</a> (CSO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moses" title="Mike Moses">Mike Moses</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_Hunter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia Hunter (page does not exist)">Julia Hunter</a> (VP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mackay_(pilot)" title="David Mackay (pilot)">David Mackay</a> (chief pilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Masucci" title="Michael Masucci">Michael Masucci</a> (test pilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_P._Stucky" title="Mark P. Stucky">Mark P. Stucky</a> (test pilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Sturckow" title="Frederick W. Sturckow">Frederick W. Sturckow</a> (test pilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Moses" title="Beth Moses">Beth Moses</a> (trainer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicle classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RocketMotorTwo" title="RocketMotorTwo">RocketMotorTwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_White_Knight_Two" title="Scaled Composites White Knight Two">White Knight Two</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NewtonOne" class="mw-redirect" title="NewtonOne">NewtonOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewtonTwo" class="mw-redirect" title="NewtonTwo">NewtonTwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewtonThree" class="mw-redirect" title="NewtonThree">NewtonThree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewtonFour" class="mw-redirect" title="NewtonFour">NewtonFour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShip_III" title="SpaceShip III">SpaceShip III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SS2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise" title="VSS Enterprise">VSS Enterprise</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a></li></ul></li> <li>WK2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VMS_Eve" title="VMS Eve">VMS Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMS_Spirit_of_Steve_Fossett" class="mw-redirect" title="VMS Spirit of Steve Fossett">VMS Spirit of Steve Fossett</a></li></ul></li> <li>B747 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Girl_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic Girl (aircraft)">Cosmic Girl</a></li></ul></li> <li>SS3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Imagine" title="VSS Imagine">VSS Imagine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VSS_Inspire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSS Inspire (page does not exist)">VSS Inspire</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spaceports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_Sweden" title="Spaceport Sweden">Spaceport Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accidents and incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RocketMotorTwo#Related_test_program_accident" title="RocketMotorTwo">2007 explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise_crash" title="VSS Enterprise crash">2014 VSS Enterprise crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spaceflight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>VSS Unity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity_VP-03" title="VSS Unity VP-03">VP-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity_VF-01" title="VSS Unity VF-01">VF-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic_Unity_21" title="Virgin Galactic Unity 21">Unity 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic_Unity_22" title="Virgin Galactic Unity 22">Unity 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic_Unity_25" title="Virgin Galactic Unity 25">Unity 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_01" title="Galactic 01">Galactic 01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_02" title="Galactic 02">Galactic 02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_03" title="Galactic 03">Galactic 03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_04" title="Galactic 04">Galactic 04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_05" title="Galactic 05">Galactic 05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_06" title="Galactic 06">Galactic 06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_07" title="Galactic 07">Galactic 07</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Virgin Group <ul><li>Galactic Ventures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOX_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="VOX Space">VOX Space</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites" title="Scaled Composites">Scaled Composites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Aerospace_Ventures" title="Mojave Aerospace Ventures">Mojave Aerospace Ventures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcan Aerospace">Vulcan Aerospace</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">Space tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_astronaut" title="Commercial astronaut">Commercial astronaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_aircraft" title="Composite aircraft">Composite aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_launch" title="Air launch">Air launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_aircraft" title="Parasite aircraft">Parasite aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_launch_to_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Air launch to orbit">Air launch to orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_launch_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital launch vehicle">Orbital launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallsat">Smallsats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothership" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothership">Mothership aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Virgin_Galactic" title="Category:Virgin Galactic">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Spaceship_Company" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Spaceship_Company" title="Template:The Spaceship Company"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Spaceship_Company" title="Template talk:The Spaceship Company"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Spaceship_Company" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Spaceship Company"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Spaceship_Company" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Galactic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Galactic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites" title="Scaled Composites">Scaled Composites</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Aerospace_Ventures" title="Mojave Aerospace Ventures">Mojave Aerospace Ventures</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcan Aerospace">Vulcan Aerospace</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:SpaceShipOne_Nose.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SpaceShipOne hanging under White Knight"><img alt="SpaceShipOne hanging under White Knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SpaceShipOne_Nose.jpg/200px-SpaceShipOne_Nose.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SpaceShipOne_Nose.jpg/300px-SpaceShipOne_Nose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SpaceShipOne_Nose.jpg/400px-SpaceShipOne_Nose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a> (co-founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Rutan" title="Burt Rutan">Burt Rutan</a> (co-founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Shane" title="Doug Shane">Doug Shane</a> (former president)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Siebold" title="Peter Siebold">Peter Siebold</a> (test pilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Alsbury" title="Michael Alsbury">Michael Alsbury</a>† (test pilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Binnie" title="Brian Binnie">Brian Binnie</a> (test pilot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Melvill" title="Mike Melvill">Mike Melvill</a> (test pilot)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansari_X_Prize" title="Ansari X Prize">Ansari X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_Tier_One" title="Scaled Composites Tier One">Scaled Composites Tier One</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne" title="SpaceShipOne">SpaceShipOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_White_Knight" title="Scaled Composites White Knight">White Knight One</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs / ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise" title="VSS Enterprise">VSS Enterprise</a>† <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Enterprise_crash" title="VSS Enterprise crash">2014 crash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_White_Knight_Two" title="Scaled Composites White Knight Two">White Knight Two</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VMS_Eve" title="VMS Eve">VMS Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMS_Spirit_of_Steve_Fossett" class="mw-redirect" title="VMS Spirit of Steve Fossett">VMS Spirit of Steve Fossett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RocketMotorTwo" title="RocketMotorTwo">RocketMotorTwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipThree" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceShipThree">SpaceShipThree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Mojave Air and Space Port">Mojave Spaceport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">Kármán line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">Space tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_spaceflight_companies" title="List of private spaceflight companies">Companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital spaceflight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suborbital_spaceplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborbital spaceplane">Spaceplane</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_tourism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_tourism" title="Template:Space tourism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_tourism" title="Template talk:Space tourism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_tourism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space tourism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_tourism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">Space tourism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_Defence_and_Space_Spaceplane" title="Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane">Airbus D&S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Aerospace_Ventures" title="Mojave Aerospace Ventures">Mojave Aerospace Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Technologies_Commercial_Space_Station" title="Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station">Orbital Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PD_AeroSpace" title="PD AeroSpace">PDAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwire" title="Redwire">Redwire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Adventures" title="Space Adventures">Space Adventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgin Galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAS_Space" title="CAS Space">CAS Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCA_Space_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="ARCA Space Corporation">ARCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Autonomous_Astronauts" title="Association of Autonomous Astronauts">Association of Autonomous Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaute_Club_Europ%C3%A9en" title="Astronaute Club Européen">Astronaute Club Européen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Spaceflight_Federation" title="Commercial Spaceflight Federation">Commercial Spaceflight Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Suborbitals" title="Copenhagen Suborbitals">Copenhagen Suborbitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Frontier_Foundation" title="Space Frontier Foundation">Space Frontier Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Tourism_Society" title="Space Tourism Society">Space Tourism Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armadillo_Aerospace" title="Armadillo Aerospace">Armadillo Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Arrow" title="Canadian Arrow">Canadian Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Spike_Company" title="Golden Spike Company">Golden Spike Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MirCorp" class="mw-redirect" title="MirCorp">MirCorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Span" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion Span">Orion Span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetSpace" title="PlanetSpace">PlanetSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RocketShip_Tours" title="RocketShip Tours">RocketShip Tours</a></li> <li>Space Island Group (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Island_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Island Project (page does not exist)">Space Island Project</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCOR_Aerospace" title="XCOR Aerospace">XCOR Aerospace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Denis Tito, Talgat Musabayev, and Yury Baturin"><img alt="Denis Tito, Talgat Musabayev, and Yury Baturin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/140px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/210px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/280px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="1226" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Current <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Future <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShip_III" title="SpaceShip III">SpaceShip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Starliner" title="Boeing Starliner">Starliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Living in space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercialization_of_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercialization of space">Commercialization of space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Space colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_medicine" title="Space medicine">Space medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_settlement" title="Space settlement">Space settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">Space station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suborbital_spaceplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborbital spaceplane">Suborbital spaceplane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_competition" title="Space competition">Space competitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Space_Prize" title="America's Space Prize">America's Space Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansari_X_Prize" title="Ansari X Prize">Ansari X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_elevator_competitions" title="Space elevator competitions">Space elevator competitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space tourists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Tito" title="Dennis Tito">Dennis Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Olsen" title="Gregory Olsen">Gregory Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Simonyi" title="Charles Simonyi">Charles Simonyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Garriott" title="Richard Garriott">Richard Garriott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Lalibert%C3%A9" title="Guy Laliberté">Guy Laliberté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Daemen" title="Oliver Daemen">Oliver Daemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Isaacman" title="Jared Isaacman">Jared Isaacman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sian_Proctor" title="Sian Proctor">Sian Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayley_Arceneaux" title="Hayley Arceneaux">Hayley Arceneaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sembroski" title="Christopher Sembroski">Christopher Sembroski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusaku_Maezawa" title="Yusaku Maezawa">Yusaku Maezawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yozo_Hirano" title="Yozo Hirano">Yozo Hirano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Connor" title="Larry Connor">Larry Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pathy" title="Mark Pathy">Mark Pathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eytan_Stibbe" title="Eytan Stibbe">Eytan Stibbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shoffner" title="John Shoffner">John Shoffner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space tourism missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration4" title="Inspiration4">Inspiration4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-16" title="Blue Origin NS-16">Blue Origin NS-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-18" title="Blue Origin NS-18">Blue Origin NS-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-19" title="Blue Origin NS-19">Blue Origin NS-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-20" title="Blue Origin NS-20">Blue Origin NS-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-21" title="Blue Origin NS-21">Blue Origin NS-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin_NS-22" title="Blue Origin NS-22">Blue Origin NS-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_02" title="Galactic 02">Galactic 02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_03" title="Galactic 03">Galactic 03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_04" title="Galactic 04">Galactic 04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_05" title="Galactic 05">Galactic 05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_06" title="Galactic 06">Galactic 06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_1" title="Axiom Mission 1">Axiom-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_2" title="Axiom Mission 2">Axiom-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Dawn" title="Polaris Dawn">Polaris Dawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">dearMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Orbital_Segment" title="Axiom Orbital Segment">Axiom Orbital Segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_the_Moon" title="Tourism on the Moon">Tourism on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism on Mars">Tourism on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haven-1" title="Haven-1">Haven-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&oldid=1256488977">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&oldid=1256488977</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virgin_Galactic" title="Category:Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange">Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange</a></li><li><a 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