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mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8ng-chi%C3%A0u" title="Chèng-chiàu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chèng-chiàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificering" title="Certificering – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Certificering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zertifizierung" title="Zertifizierung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zertifizierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificaci%C3%B3n" title="Certificación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Certificación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certification" title="Certification – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Certification" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B2%A9%EC%A6%9D" title="자격증 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자격증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8" title="प्रमाणन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रमाणन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyertifikatan" title="Penyertifikatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyertifikatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Сертификаттау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сертификаттау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E5%AE%9A" title="認定 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="認定" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertifisering" title="Sertifisering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sertifisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certyfikacja" title="Certyfikacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Certyfikacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Certificação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Certificação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сертификация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сертификация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ertifikimi" title="Çertifikimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çertifikimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certifiering" title="Certifiering – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Certifiering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E" title="ใบอนุญาตประกอบวิชาชีพ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ใบอนุญาตประกอบวิชาชีพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Certify" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Certify_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Certify (disambiguation)">Certify (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Certified" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Certified_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Certified (disambiguation)">Certified (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about formal attestation. For questions sent from federal to state courts, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification_of_questions_of_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Certification of questions of law (page does not exist)">Certification of questions of law</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitaskinan_39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Nitaskinan_39.jpg/220px-Nitaskinan_39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Nitaskinan_39.jpg/330px-Nitaskinan_39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Nitaskinan_39.jpg/440px-Nitaskinan_39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Atikamekw" title="Atikamekw">Atikamekw</a> woman receives a certificate for completing a Wikipedia editing workshop (2017)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Certification</b> is part of <a href="/wiki/Testing,_inspection_and_certification" title="Testing, inspection and certification">testing, inspection and certification</a> and the provision by an independent body of written assurance (a certificate) that the product, service or system in question meets specific requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the formal attestation or confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person, or organization. This confirmation is often, but not always, provided by some form of external review, education, assessment, or <a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">audit</a>. <a href="/wiki/Accreditation" title="Accreditation">Accreditation</a> is a specific organization's process of certification. According to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Council_on_Measurement_in_Education" title="National Council on Measurement in Education">National Council on Measurement in Education</a>, a certification test is a credentialing test used to determine whether individuals are knowledgeable enough in a given occupational area to be labeled "competent to practice" in that area.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most common types of certification in modern society is <a href="/wiki/Professional_certification" title="Professional certification">professional certification</a>, where a person is certified as being able to competently complete a job or task, usually by the passing of an examination and/or the completion of a program of study. Some professional certifications also require that one obtain work experience in a related field before the certification can be awarded. Some professional certifications are valid for a lifetime upon completing all certification requirements. Others expire after a certain period of time and have to be maintained with further education and/or testing. </p><p>Certifications can differ within a profession by the level or specific area of expertise to which they refer. For example, in the IT Industry there are different certifications available for <a href="/wiki/Software_tester" class="mw-redirect" title="Software tester">software tester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_manager" title="Project manager">project manager</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">developer</a>. Also, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Commission_on_Allied_Health_Personnel_in_Ophthalmology" title="Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology">Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology</a> offers three certifications in the same profession, but with increasing complexity. </p><p>Certification does not designate that a person has sufficient knowledge in a subject area, only that they passed the test.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This of course apples only to exam-based certifications. Education-based certifications, require that a person completes a course of study that satisfies certain body of knowledge claims to demonstrate that the person has sufficient knowledge in the subject area.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Certification does not refer to the state of legally being able to practice or work in a profession. That is <a href="/wiki/Licensure" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensure">licensure</a>. Usually, licensure is administered by a governmental entity for public protection purposes and a professional association administers certification. Licensure and certification are similar in that they both require the demonstration of a certain level of knowledge or ability. </p><p>Another common type of certification in modern society is <a href="/wiki/Product_certification" title="Product certification">product certification</a>. This refers to processes intended to determine if a product meets minimum standards, similar to <a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">quality assurance</a>. Different certification systems exist in each country. For example, in Russia it is the GOST R <a href="/wiki/Rostest" title="Rostest">Rostest</a>. </p><p>Other types include: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Type_certificate" title="Type certificate">type certificate</a> is issued to signify the airworthiness of an aircraft manufacturing design</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic degrees</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_security_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber security certification">Cyber security certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_signature" title="Digital signature">Digital signatures</a> in <a href="/wiki/Public-key_cryptography" title="Public-key cryptography">public-key cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital certification">Digital certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Diving certification">Diving certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_certification" title="Environmental certification">Environmental certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_rating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion picture rating system">Film certification</a>, also known as the motion picture rating system<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Food_Safety_Initiative" title="Global Food Safety Initiative">Food safety certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Music recording sales certification">Music recording sales certification</a>, such as "Gold" or "Platinum"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_credentials_and_certifications" title="Nursing credentials and certifications">Nursing credentials and certifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_certification_(computer_technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional certification (computer technology)">Professional certification (computer technology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_standards_and_certification" title="Sustainability standards and certification">Sustainability certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testing,_inspection_and_certification" title="Testing, inspection and certification">Testing, inspection and certification</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards_and_Certification">Standards and Certification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Standards and Certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certification is dependent on meeting specific requirements that are defined in a <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">technical standard</a>. This is either an <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">international standard</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">private standard</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sustainability_standards_and_certification" title="Sustainability standards and certification">ISEAL Alliance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_Food_Safety_Initiative" title="Global Food Safety Initiative">Global Food Safety Initiative</a> are examples of private organizations who represent the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a>. Promoting certification in supply chains of private corporations by recognizing scheme owners who adopt <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">private standards</a>. In comparison, the <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organizations">Intergovernmental organizations</a> (IGOs) recommend <a href="/wiki/International_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="International standards">international standards</a>. Scheme owners using private standards require scheme fees, which is typically an annual payment for issuing a certificate. Whereas <a href="/wiki/International_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="International standards">international standards</a> do not allow scheme ownership and do not require fees to issue a certificate. Further differences between <a href="/wiki/International_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="International standards">international standards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">private standards</a> are explained in a paper from ISO.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attestations_of_conformity">Attestations of conformity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Attestations of conformity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Attestations of conformity can be made:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>First-party attestations of conformity, an individual or organization providing the good or service offers assurance that it meets certain claims.</li> <li>Second-party attestations of conformity, an association to which the individual or organization belongs provides the assurance.</li> <li>Third-party attestations of conformity, also referred to as third party certification, involves an independent and impartial assessment performed by a certification body, also referred to as <a href="/wiki/Accreditation" title="Accreditation">conformity assessment body</a>, declaring that specified requirements pertaining to a product, person, process, or management system have been met.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In the European Union, a <a href="/wiki/Notified_Body" class="mw-redirect" title="Notified Body">notified Body</a> is an organization accredited by an accreditation body for the purpose of providing third-party certification and testing services of the standards and regulations within the purview of the accreditation body. This serves to enforce <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_compliance" title="Regulatory compliance">regulatory compliance</a> with these codes, and gives providers of goods and services a means of demonstrating compliance by way of an official <a href="/wiki/Certification_mark" title="Certification mark">certification mark</a> or a declaration of conformity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_software_testing_Certifications">In software testing Certifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In software testing Certifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Software_testing" title="Software testing">software testing</a>, the certifications can be grouped into exam-based and education-based. For exam-based certifications the candidate must pass an exam, which can also be learned by self-study. For example, for <a href="/wiki/International_Software_Testing_Qualifications_Board_Certified_Tester" class="mw-redirect" title="International Software Testing Qualifications Board Certified Tester">International Software Testing Qualifications Board Certified Tester</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Software_Testing_Qualifications_Board" title="International Software Testing Qualifications Board">International Software Testing Qualifications Board</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Certified Software Tester by QAI or Certified Software Quality Engineer by <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Quality" title="American Society for Quality">American Society for Quality</a>. Education-based certifications are the instructor-led sessions, where each course has to be passed. The Certified Software Test Professional (CSTP), the Certified Agile Software Test Professional (CASTP), the Certified Test Manager (CTM) and other certifications by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://testinginstitute.com%7CInternational">Institute for Software Testing</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are such examples. It is common for people who require certifications to undergo paid structured learning to help them achieve their goals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tech_certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tech certificate">Tech certificate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certification&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/certification.html">"Certification"</a>. 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