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collar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: dog shock collar"> <meta name="keywords" content="dog shock collar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="dog shock collar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 464</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: dog shock collar</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Effect of Low Temperature on Structure and RNA Binding of E.coli CspA: A Molecular Dynamics Based Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Chaudhary">Amit Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20Yadav"> B. S. Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Maurya"> P. K. Maurya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M."> A. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Srivastava"> S. Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Singh"> S. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mani"> A. Mani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cold shock protein A (CspA) is major cold inducible protein present in Escherichia coli. The protein is involved in stabilizing secondary structure of RNA by working as chaperone during cold temperature. Two RNA binding motifs play key role in the stabilizing activity. This study aimed to investigate implications of low temperature on structure and RNA binding activity of E. coli CspA. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to compare the stability of the protein at 37°C and 10 °C. The protein was mutated at RNA binding motifs and docked with RNA to assess the stability of both complexes. Results suggest that CspA as well as CspA-RNA complex is more stable at low temperature. It was also confirmed that RNP1 and RNP2 play key role in RNA binding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CspA" title="CspA">CspA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homology%20modelling" title=" homology modelling"> homology modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78173/effect-of-low-temperature-on-structure-and-rna-binding-of-ecoli-cspa-a-molecular-dynamics-based-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> A Bicycle Based Model of Prehospital Care Implanted in Northeast of the Brazil: Initial Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odaleia%20de%20O.%20Farias">Odaleia de O. Farias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzelene%20C.%20Marinho"> Suzelene C. Marinho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecleidson%20B.%20Fragoso"> Ecleidson B. Fragoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20S.%20Lima"> Daniel S. Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20R.%20S.%20Lira"> Francisco R. S. Lira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lara%20S.%20Ara%C3%BAjo"> Lara S. Araújo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20dos%20S.%20D.%20Soares"> Gabriel dos S. D. Soares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In populous cities, prehospital care services that use vehicles alternative to ambulances are needed in order to reduce costs and improve response time to occurrences in areas with large concentration of people, such as leisure and tourism spaces. In this context, it was implanted a program called BIKE VIDA, that is innovative quick access and assistance program. The aim of this study is to describe the implantation and initial profile of occurrences performed by an urgency/emergency pre-hospital care service through paramedics on bicycles. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out in the city of Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. The data included service records from July to August 2017. Ethical aspects were respected. The service covers a perimeter of 4.5 km, divided into three areas with perimeter of 1.5 km for each paramedic, attending from 5 am to 9 pm. Materials transported by bicycles include External Automated Defibrillator - DEA, portable oxygen, oximeter, cervical collar, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, dressing and immobilization materials and personal protective equipment. Occurrences are requested directly by calling the emergency number 192 or through direct approach to the professional. In the first month of the program, there were 93 emergencies/urgencies, mainly in the daytime period (71,0%), in males (59,7%), in the age range of 26 to 45 years (46,2%). The main nature was traumatic incidents (53.3%). Most of the cases (88,2%) did not require ambulance transport to the hospital, and there were two deaths. Pre-hospital service through bicycles is an innovative strategy in Brazil and has shown to be promising in terms of reducing costs and improving the quality of the services offered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title="emergency">emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20time" title=" response time"> response time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prehospital%20care" title=" prehospital care"> prehospital care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urgency" title=" urgency"> urgency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79233/a-bicycle-based-model-of-prehospital-care-implanted-in-northeast-of-the-brazil-initial-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Shock Compressibility of Iron Alloys Calculated in the Framework of Quantum-Statistical Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20A.%20Kadatskiy">Maxim A. Kadatskiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantin%20V.%20Khishchenko"> Konstantin V. Khishchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron alloys are widespread components in various types of structural materials which are exposed to intensive thermal and mechanical loads. Various quantum-statistical cell models with the approximation of self-consistent field can be used for the prediction of the behavior of these materials under extreme conditions. The application of these models is even more valid, the higher the temperature and the density of matter. Results of Hugoniot calculation for iron alloys in the framework of three quantum-statistical (the Thomas–Fermi, the Thomas–Fermi with quantum and exchange corrections and the Hartree–Fock–Slater) models are presented. Results of quantum-statistical calculations are compared with results from other reliable models and available experimental data. It is revealed a good agreement between results of calculation and experimental data for terra pascal pressures. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloy" title="alloy">alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugoniot" title=" Hugoniot"> Hugoniot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terapascal%20pressure" title=" terapascal pressure"> terapascal pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58836/shock-compressibility-of-iron-alloys-calculated-in-the-framework-of-quantum-statistical-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Reliability Analysis of Dam under Quicksand Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manthan%20Patel">Manthan Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinit%20Ahlawat"> Vinit Ahlawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anshh%20Singh%20Claire"> Anshh Singh Claire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pijush%20Samui"> Pijush Samui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the analysis of quicksand condition for a dam foundation. The quicksand condition occurs in cohesion less soil when effective stress of soil becomes zero. In a dam, the saturated sediment may appear quite solid until a sudden change in pressure or shock initiates liquefaction. This causes the sand to form a suspension and lose strength hence resulting in failure of dam. A soil profile shows different properties at different points and the values obtained are uncertain thus reliability analysis is performed. The reliability is defined as probability of safety of a system in a given environment and loading condition and it is assessed as Reliability Index. The reliability analysis of dams under quicksand condition is carried by Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). Reliability index and factor of safety relating to liquefaction of soil is analysed using GPR. The results of reliability analysis by GPR is compared to that of conventional method and it is demonstrated that on applying GPR the probabilistic analysis reduces the computational time and efforts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20of%20safety" title="factor of safety">factor of safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPR" title=" GPR"> GPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20index" title=" reliability index"> reliability index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quicksand" title=" quicksand"> quicksand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27180/reliability-analysis-of-dam-under-quicksand-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Magnetic Fluctuations in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandre%20Gurchumelia">Alexandre Gurchumelia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Sorriso-Valvo"> Luca Sorriso-Valvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Burgess"> David Burgess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khatuna%20Elbakidze"> Khatuna Elbakidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oleg%20Kharshiladze"> Oleg Kharshiladze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20Kvaratskhelia"> Diana Kvaratskhelia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The terrestrial magnetosheath is a highly turbulent medium, with a high level of magnetic1field fluctuations throughout a broad range of scales. These often include an inertial range where a2magnetohydrodynamic turbulent cascade is observed. The multifractal properties of the turbulent3cascade, strictly related to intermittency, are observed here during the transition from quasi-parallel to4quasi-perpendicular magnetic field with respect to the bow-shock normal. The different multifractal5behavior in the two regions is analyzed. A standard coarse-graining technique has been used6to evaluate the generalized dimensions and the corresponding multifractal spectrumf(α). A7p-model fit provided a quantitative measure of multifractality and intermittency, to be compared with8standard indicators: the width of the multifractal spectrum, the peak of the kurtosis, and its scaling9exponent. Results show a clear transition and sharp differences in the intermittency properties for the two regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetos%20heath" title="magnetos heath">magnetos heath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multifractal" title=" multifractal"> multifractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instabilities" title=" instabilities"> instabilities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143455/magnetic-fluctuations-in-the-terrestrial-magnetosheath" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Liquefaction Phenomenon in the Kathmandu Valley during the 2015 Earthquake of Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalpana%20Adhikari">Kalpana Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandip%20Subedi"> Mandip Subedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keshab%20Sharma"> Keshab Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indra%20P.%20Acharya"> Indra P. Acharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Gorkha Nepal earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 struck the central region of Nepal on April 25, 2015 with the epicenter about 77 km northwest of Kathmandu Valley . Peak ground acceleration observed during the earthquake was 0.18g. This motion induced several geotechnical effects such as landslides, foundation failures liquefaction, lateral spreading and settlement, and local amplification. An aftershock of moment magnitude (Mw) 7.3 hit northeast of Kathmandu on May 12 after 17 days of main shock caused additional damages. Kathmandu is the largest city in Nepal, have a population over four million. As the Kathmandu Valley deposits are composed mainly of sand, silt and clay layers with a shallow ground water table, liquefaction is highly anticipated. Extensive liquefaction was also observed in Kathmandu Valley during the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. Field investigations were carried out in Kathmandu Valley immediately after Mw 7.8, April 25 main shock and Mw 7.3, May 12 aftershock. Geotechnical investigation of both liquefied and non-liquefied sites were conducted after the earthquake. This paper presents observations of liquefaction and liquefaction induced damage, and the liquefaction potential assessment based on Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) for liquefied and non-liquefied sites. SPT based semi-empirical approach has been used for evaluating liquefaction potential of the soil and Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) has been used to determine liquefaction probability. Recorded ground motions from the event are presented. Geological aspect of Kathmandu Valley and local site effect on the occurrence of liquefaction is described briefly. Observed liquefaction case studies are described briefly. Typically, these are sand boils formed by freshly ejected sand forced out of over-pressurized sub-strata. At most site, sand was ejected to agricultural fields forming deposits that varied from millimetres to a few centimeters thick. Liquefaction-induced damage to structures in these areas was not significant except buildings on some places tilted slightly. Boiled soils at liquefied sites were collected and the particle size distributions of ejected soils were analyzed. SPT blow counts and the soil profiles at ten liquefied and non-liquefied sites were obtained. The factors of safety against liquefaction with depth and liquefaction potential index of the ten sites were estimated and compared with observed liquefaction after 2015 Gorkha earthquake. The liquefaction potential indices obtained from the analysis were found to be consistent with the field observation. The field observations along with results from liquefaction assessment were compared with the existing liquefaction hazard map. It was found that the existing hazard maps are unrepresentative and underestimate the liquefaction susceptibility in Kathmandu Valley. The lessons learned from the liquefaction during this earthquake are also summarized in this paper. Some recommendations are also made to the seismic liquefaction mitigation in the Kathmandu Valley. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20of%20safety" title="factor of safety">factor of safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20investigation" title=" geotechnical investigation"> geotechnical investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal%20earthquake" title=" Nepal earthquake "> Nepal earthquake </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81120/liquefaction-phenomenon-in-the-kathmandu-valley-during-the-2015-earthquake-of-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Effect of Mesh Size on the Supersonic Viscous Flow Parameters around an Axisymmetric Blunt Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haoui%20Rabah">Haoui Rabah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this work is to analyze a viscous flow around the axisymmetric blunt body taken into account the mesh size both in the free stream and into the boundary layer. The resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations is realized by using the finite volume method to determine the flow parameters and detached shock position. The numerical technique uses the Flux Vector Splitting method of Van Leer. Here, adequate time stepping parameter, CFL coefficient and mesh size level are selected to ensure numerical convergence. The effect of the mesh size is significant on the shear stress and velocity profile. The best solution is obtained with using a very fine grid. This study enabled us to confirm that the determination of boundary layer thickness can be obtained only if the size of the mesh is lower than a certain value limits given by our calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supersonic%20flow" title="supersonic flow">supersonic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20flow" title=" viscous flow"> viscous flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume" title=" finite volume"> finite volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blunt%20body" title=" blunt body"> blunt body</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11486/effect-of-mesh-size-on-the-supersonic-viscous-flow-parameters-around-an-axisymmetric-blunt-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">604</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> The Impact of the Covid-19 Crisis on the Information Behavior in the B2B Buying Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stehr%20Melanie">Stehr Melanie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The availability of apposite information is essential for the decision-making process of organizational buyers. Due to the constraints of the Covid-19 crisis, information channels that emphasize face-to-face contact (e.g. sales visits, trade shows) have been unavailable, and usage of digitally-driven information channels (e.g. videoconferencing, platforms) has skyrocketed. This paper explores the question in which areas the pandemic induced shift in the use of information channels could be sustainable and in which areas it is a temporary phenomenon. While information and buying behavior in B2C purchases has been regularly studied in the last decade, the last fundamental model of organizational buying behavior in B2B was introduced by Johnston and Lewin (1996) in times before the advent of the internet. Subsequently, research efforts in B2B marketing shifted from organizational buyers and their decision and information behavior to the business relationships between sellers and buyers. This study builds on the extensive literature on situational factors influencing organizational buying and information behavior and uses the economics of information theory as a theoretical framework. The research focuses on the German woodworking industry, which before the Covid-19 crisis was characterized by a rather low level of digitization of information channels. By focusing on an industry with traditional communication structures, a shift in information behavior induced by an exogenous shock is considered a ripe research setting. The study is exploratory in nature. The primary data source is 40 in-depth interviews based on the repertory-grid method. Thus, 120 typical buying situations in the woodworking industry and the information and channels relevant to them are identified. The results are combined into clusters, each of which shows similar information behavior in the procurement process. In the next step, the clusters are analyzed in terms of the post and pre-Covid-19 crisis’ behavior identifying stable and dynamic information behavior aspects. Initial results show that, for example, clusters representing search goods with low risk and complexity suggest a sustainable rise in the use of digitally-driven information channels. However, in clusters containing trust goods with high significance and novelty, an increased return to face-to-face information channels can be expected after the Covid-19 crisis. The results are interesting from both a scientific and a practical point of view. This study is one of the first to apply the economics of information theory to organizational buyers and their decision and information behavior in the digital information age. Especially the focus on the dynamic aspects of information behavior after an exogenous shock might contribute new impulses to theoretical debates related to the economics of information theory. For practitioners - especially suppliers’ marketing managers and intermediaries such as publishers or trade show organizers from the woodworking industry - the study shows wide-ranging starting points for a future-oriented segmentation of their marketing program by highlighting the dynamic and stable preferences of elaborated clusters in the choice of their information channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B2B%20buying%20process" title="B2B buying process">B2B buying process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis" title=" crisis"> crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics%20of%20information%20theory" title=" economics of information theory"> economics of information theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20channel" title=" information channel"> information channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139127/the-impact-of-the-covid-19-crisis-on-the-information-behavior-in-the-b2b-buying-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Loan Portfolio Quality and the Bank Soundness in the Eccas: An Empirical Evaluation of Cameroonians Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andre%20Kadandji">Andre Kadandji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouhamadou%20Fall"> Mouhamadou Fall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francois%20Koum%20Ekalle"> Francois Koum Ekalle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to analyze the sound banking through the effects of the damage of the loan portfolio in the Cameroonian banking sector through the Z-score. The approach is to test the effect of other CAMEL indicators and macroeconomics indicators on the relationship between the non-performing loan and the soundness of Cameroonian banks. We use a dynamic panel data, made by 13 banks for the period 2010-2013. The analysis provides a model equations embedded in panel data. For the estimation, we use the generalized method of moments to understand the effects of macroeconomic and CAMEL type variables on the ability of Cameroonian banks to face a shock. We find that the management quality and macroeconomic variables neutralize the effects of the non-performing loan on the banks soundness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loan%20portfolio" title="loan portfolio">loan portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20banking" title=" sound banking"> sound banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z-score" title=" Z-score"> Z-score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20panel" title=" dynamic panel"> dynamic panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32764/loan-portfolio-quality-and-the-bank-soundness-in-the-eccas-an-empirical-evaluation-of-cameroonians-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Chemical and Vibrational Nonequilibrium Hypersonic Viscous Flow around an Axisymmetric Blunt Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabah%20Haoui">Rabah Haoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypersonic flows around spatial vehicles during their reentry phase in planetary atmospheres are characterized by intense aerothermodynamics phenomena. The aim of this work is to analyze high temperature flows around an axisymmetric blunt body taking into account chemical and vibrational non-equilibrium for air mixture species and the no slip condition at the wall. For this purpose, the Navier-Stokes equations system is resolved by the finite volume methodology to determine the flow parameters around the axisymmetric blunt body especially at the stagnation point and in the boundary layer along the wall of the blunt body. The code allows the capture of shock wave before a blunt body placed in hypersonic free stream. The numerical technique uses the Flux Vector Splitting method of Van Leer. CFL coefficient and mesh size level are selected to ensure the numerical convergence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersonic%20flow" title="hypersonic flow">hypersonic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20flow" title=" viscous flow"> viscous flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20kinetic" title=" chemical kinetic"> chemical kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissociation" title=" dissociation"> dissociation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volumes" title=" finite volumes"> finite volumes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frozen%20and%20non-equilibrium%20flow" title=" frozen and non-equilibrium flow"> frozen and non-equilibrium flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26994/chemical-and-vibrational-nonequilibrium-hypersonic-viscous-flow-around-an-axisymmetric-blunt-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Analysis of CO₂ Two-Phase Ejector with Taguchi and ANOVA Optimization and Refrigerant Selection with Enviro Economic Concerns by TOPSIS Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Megdouli">Karima Megdouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bourhan%20tachtouch"> Bourhan tachtouch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ejector refrigeration cycles offer an alternative to conventional systems for producing cold from low-temperature heat. In this article, a thermodynamic model is presented. This model has the advantage of simplifying the calculation algorithm and describes the complex double-throttling mechanism that occurs in the ejector. The model assumption and calculation algorithm are presented first. The impact of each efficiency is evaluated. Validation is performed on several data sets. The ejector model is then used to simulate a RES (refrigeration ejector system), to validate its robustness and suitability for use in predicting thermodynamic cycle performance. A Taguchi and ANOVA optimization is carried out on a RES. TOPSIS analysis was applied to decide the optimum refrigerants with cost, safety, environmental and enviro economic concerns along with thermophysical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ejector" title="ejector">ejector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20distribution" title=" velocity distribution"> velocity distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20circle" title=" shock circle"> shock circle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20and%20ANOVA%20optimization" title=" Taguchi and ANOVA optimization"> Taguchi and ANOVA optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOPSIS%20analysis" title=" TOPSIS analysis"> TOPSIS analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170979/analysis-of-co2-two-phase-ejector-with-taguchi-and-anova-optimization-and-refrigerant-selection-with-enviro-economic-concerns-by-topsis-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Interest Rate Prediction with Taylor Rule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Bouchabchoub">T. Bouchabchoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bendahmane"> A. Bendahmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Haouriqui"> A. Haouriqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Attou"> N. Attou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents simulation results of Forex predicting model equations in order to give approximately a prevision of interest rates. First, Hall-Taylor (HT) equations have been used with Taylor rule (TR) to adapt them to European and American Forex Markets. Indeed, initial Taylor Rule equation is conceived for all Forex transactions in every States: It includes only one equation and six parameters. Here, the model has been used with Hall-Taylor equations, initially including twelve equations which have been reduced to only three equations. Analysis has been developed on the following base macroeconomic variables: Real change rate, investment wages, anticipated inflation, realized inflation, real production, interest rates, gap production and potential production. This model has been used to specifically study the impact of an inflation shock on macroeconomic director interest rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20rate" title="interest rate">interest rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forex" title=" Forex"> Forex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taylor%20rule" title=" Taylor rule"> Taylor rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Central%20Bank%20%28ECB%29" title=" European Central Bank (ECB)"> European Central Bank (ECB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federal%20Reserve%20System%20%28FED%29." title=" Federal Reserve System (FED)."> Federal Reserve System (FED).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12544/interest-rate-prediction-with-taylor-rule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> Effect of UV Radiation to Change the Properties of the Composite PA+GF</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Markovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1">Lenka Markovičová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viera%20Zatkal%C3%ADkov%C3%A1"> Viera Zatkalíková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20Garbacz"> Tomasz Garbacz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of composite materials and the related design and manufacturing technologies is one of the most important advances in the history of materials. Composites are multifunctional materials having unprecedented mechanical and physical properties that can be tailored to meet the requirements of a particular application. Some composites also exhibit great resistance to high-temperature corrosion, oxidation, and wear. Polymers are widely used indoors and outdoors, therefore they are exposed to a chemical environment which may include atmospheric oxygen, acidic fumes, acidic rain, moisture heat and thermal shock, ultra-violet light, high energy radiation, etc. Different polymers are affected differently by these factors even though the amorphous polymers are more sensitive. Ageing is also important and it is defined as the process of deterioration of engineering materials resulting from the combined effects of atmospheric radiation, heat, oxygen, water, micro-organisms and other atmospheric factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites%20with%20glass%20fibers" title="composites with glass fibers">composites with glass fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyamides" title=" polyamides"> polyamides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20degradation" title=" UV degradation"> UV degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31313/effect-of-uv-radiation-to-change-the-properties-of-the-composite-pagf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Retrofitted Semi-Active Suspension System for a Eelectric Model Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiuh-Jer%20Huang">Shiuh-Jer Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Han%20Yeh"> Yun-Han Yeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 40 steps manual adjusting shock absorber was refitted with DC motor driving mechanism to construct as a semi-active suspension system for a four-wheel drive electric vehicle. Accelerometer and potentiometer sensors are installed to measure the sprung mass acceleration and suspension system compression or rebound states for control purpose. A fuzzy logic controller was designed to derive appropriate damping target based on vehicle running condition for semi-active suspension system to follow. The damping ratio control of each wheel axis suspension system is executed with a robust fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC). Different road surface conditions are chosen to evaluate the control performance of this semi-active suspension system based on wheel axis acceleration signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-active%20suspension" title="semi-active suspension">semi-active suspension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title=" electric vehicle"> electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20sliding%20mode%20control" title=" fuzzy sliding mode control"> fuzzy sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title=" accelerometer"> accelerometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17661/retrofitted-semi-active-suspension-system-for-a-eelectric-model-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> Application of the MOOD Technique to the Steady-State Euler Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaspar%20J.%20Machado">Gaspar J. Machado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=St%C3%A9phane%20Clain"> Stéphane Clain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20Loub%C3%A8re"> Raphael Loubère</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of the present work is to numerically study steady-state nonlinear hyperbolic equations in the context of the finite volume framework. We will consider the unidimensional Burgers' equation as the reference case for the scalar situation and the unidimensional Euler equations for the vectorial situation. We consider two approaches to solve the nonlinear equations: a time marching algorithm and a direct steady-state approach. We first develop the necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain the existence and unicity of the solution. We treat regular examples and solutions with a steady shock and to provide very-high-order finite volume approximations we implement a method based on the MOOD technology (Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection). The main ingredient consists in using an 'a posteriori' limiting strategy to eliminate non physical oscillations deriving from the Gibbs phenomenon while keeping a high accuracy for the smooth part. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euler%20equations" title="Euler equations">Euler equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume" title=" finite volume"> finite volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOOD" title=" MOOD"> MOOD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady-state" title=" steady-state"> steady-state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52830/application-of-the-mood-technique-to-the-steady-state-euler-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> Genomic Adaptation to Local Climate Conditions in Native Cattle Using Whole Genome Sequencing Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rugang%20Tian">Rugang Tian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we generated whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from110 native cattle. Together with whole-genome sequences from world-wide cattle populations, we estimated the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of different cattle populations. Our findings revealed clustering of cattle groups in line with their geographic locations. We identified noticeable genetic diversity between indigenous cattle breeds and commercial populations. Among all studied cattle groups, lower genetic diversity measures were found in commercial populations, however, high genetic diversity were detected in some local cattle, particularly in Rashoki and Mongolian breeds. Our search for potential genomic regions under selection in native cattle revealed several candidate genes related with immune response and cold shock protein on multiple chromosomes such as TRPM8, NMUR1, PRKAA2, SMTNL2 and OXR1 that are involved in energy metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle" title="cattle">cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole-genome" title=" whole-genome"> whole-genome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20structure" title=" population structure"> population structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title=" adaptation"> adaptation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184122/genomic-adaptation-to-local-climate-conditions-in-native-cattle-using-whole-genome-sequencing-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Vocabulary Paradigm in Learning Romanian As a Foreign Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgiana%20Ciobotaru">Georgiana Ciobotaru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vocabulary that foreign students assimilate once they start studying the Romanian language must allow them to develop the linguistic competence of oral and written expression, but also the intercultural one, necessary for their integration into the new socio-cultural environment. Therefore, the familiarization courses with Romanian as a foreign language aim at fundamental language acquisitions in order to obtain the expected level of Romanian language. They also relate differently to the new culture and the new language they come in contact with, having a distinct way of expressing themselves. Foreign students want to continue their university and postgraduate studies at specialized faculties in the country; therefore, they need both a general language for their integration into society and for interaction with others, Romanians or students from countries other than their own, but also from a specialized language that facilitates didactic communication and professional development. The complexity of the vocabulary must thus cover the daily communication needs, but also the subsequent evolution of each one. This paper aims to illustrate the most important semantic fields that students must assimilate in order to crystallize a linguistic identity in the new context of their personal and professional development and to help them cope with the culture shock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title="integration">integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural" title=" intercultural"> intercultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic" title=" linguistic"> linguistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary" title=" vocabulary"> vocabulary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135953/vocabulary-paradigm-in-learning-romanian-as-a-foreign-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> The Use of Vasopressin in the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Selvi%20Hill">Nicole Selvi Hill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archchana%20Radhakrishnan"> Archchana Radhakrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality among trauma patients. In the management of TBI, the main principle is avoiding cerebral ischemia, as this is a strong determiner of neurological outcomes. The use of vasoactive drugs, such as vasopressin, has an important role in maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure to prevent secondary brain injury. Current guidelines do not suggest a preferred vasoactive drug to administer in the management of TBI, and there is a paucity of information on the therapeutic potential of vasopressin following TBI. Vasopressin is also an endogenous anti-diuretic hormone (AVP), and pathways mediated by AVP play a large role in the underlying pathological processes of TBI. This creates an overlap of discussion regarding the therapeutic potential of vasopressin following TBI. Currently, its popularity lies in vasodilatory and cardiogenic shock in the intensive care setting, with increasing support for its use in haemorrhagic and septic shock. Methodology: This is a review article based on a literature review. An electronic search was conducted via PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The aim was to identify clinical studies looking at the therapeutic administration of vasopressin in severe traumatic brain injury. The primary aim was to look at the neurological outcome of patients. The secondary aim was to look at surrogate markers of cerebral perfusion measurements, such as cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral oxygenation, and cerebral blood flow. Results: Eight papers were included in the final number. Three were animal studies; five were human studies, comprised of three case reports, one retrospective review of data, and one randomised control trial. All animal studies demonstrated the benefits of vasopressors in TBI management. One animal study showed the superiority of vasopressin in reducing intracranial pressure and increasing cerebral oxygenation over a catecholaminergic vasopressor, phenylephrine. All three human case reports were supportive of vasopressin as a rescue therapy in catecholaminergic-resistant hypotension. The retrospective review found vasopressin did not increase cerebral oedema in TBI patients compared to catecholaminergic vasopressors; and demonstrated a significant reduction in the requirements of hyperosmolar therapy in patients that received vasopressin. The randomised control trial results showed no significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes between TBI patients receiving vasopressin versus those receiving catecholaminergic vasopressors. Apart from the randomised control trial, the studies included are of low-level evidence. Conclusion: Studies favour vasopressin within certain parameters of cerebral function compared to control groups. However, the neurological outcomes of patient groups are not known, and animal study results are difficult to extrapolate to humans. It cannot be said with certainty whether vasopressin’s benefits stand above usage of other vasoactive drugs due to the weaknesses of the evidence. Further randomised control trials, which are larger, standardised, and rigorous, are required to improve knowledge in this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catecholamines" title="catecholamines">catecholamines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20perfusion%20pressure" title=" cerebral perfusion pressure"> cerebral perfusion pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injury" title=" traumatic brain injury"> traumatic brain injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vasopressin" title=" vasopressin"> vasopressin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vasopressors" title=" vasopressors"> vasopressors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150092/the-use-of-vasopressin-in-the-management-of-severe-traumatic-brain-injury-a-narrative-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Contagious Corporate Reputation Risk: Uncovering the Pandemic’s Impact</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yawen%20Xia">Yawen Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubi%20Yang"> Rubi Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Zhao"> Jing Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By using the Reputation Risk Index (RRI) to measure company environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities, this research studies firms’ ESG comovement with their industry and local peers. This comovement is attenuated during the Covid-19 pandemic. Further analysis shows that corporate governance plays an important role in comovement decrease. We classify companies by region (city, state, region) and industry and calculate the average RRI of companies of the same type. We run separate regressions to test 1) industry comovement; 2) local comovement; 3) Covid-19 pandemic and reputation risk comovement; 4) corporate governance and reputation risk comovement. Our findings are consistent with previous literature that companies follow their industry and local counterparts in engaging in irresponsible activities and reducing ESG engagement. We speculate Covid shock led to a reduction in social activities and information sharing among enterprise managers, and comovement between enterprises, as a result, decreased during the pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESG" title="ESG">ESG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid" title=" Covid"> Covid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer%20pressure" title=" peer pressure"> peer pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20comovement" title=" local comovement"> local comovement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166321/contagious-corporate-reputation-risk-uncovering-the-pandemics-impact" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Rethinking Entrepreneurship Education as a Remedy for Graduates Unemployment in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinwe%20Susan%20Oguejiofor">Chinwe Susan Oguejiofor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Osamwonyi%20Iyioha"> Daniel Osamwonyi Iyioha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last two decades, Nigeria has witnessed an upsurge in graduate unemployment occasioned by the lack of industries and proliferation of tertiary institutions churning out thousands of graduates every year to compete for the few available job space. The astronomical rise in the unemployment rate amongst Nigerian graduates however, is principally assumed to be the defective curricula of the universities and other tertiary institutions whose focus is on training for white-collar jobs. Although graduate unemployment has become a global scourge, its adverse economic impact is believed to be more in developing economies like Nigeria with a huge young population within the working age who cannot seem to find gainful employment to make out a respectable livelihood. Thus, higher institutions especially Universities found itself under pressure and intense competition to produce graduates who can think outside the box and create jobs; hence there was the need to focus on instilling hands-on practical job skills into their students that will make them job creators rather than job seekers on graduation. In the same vein stakeholders in education have continued to lend their voices to the philosophy that the undergraduate curricula should be completely overhauled to accomodate the development of hand-on practical skills and innovative capacity relevant to creating solutions to societal problems. In a bid to correct this anomaly, the Federal Government of Nigeria in conjunction with the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment inaugurated a programme tagged “University Entrepreneurship Development Programme” (UNEDEP) whose objective was basically to promote self-employment among the youth right from the institutions of higher learning. But the question is whether the objectives of the programme have actually been achieved. Despite the inclusion in Nigerian educational curriculum close to two decades now,, one wonder if the essence has been aborted. Thus, the paper focused on the concept of entrepreneurship education, objectives of entrepreneurship education, Graduates unemployment, rethinking entrepreneurship education programme in tertiary institution for employment generation , role of entrepreneurship in job creation, challenges of entrepreneurship education in tertiary institution in Nigeria, conclusion and recommendations were drawn accordingly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rethinking" title="rethinking">rethinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship%20education" title=" entrepreneurship education"> entrepreneurship education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remedy" title=" remedy"> remedy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title=" unemployment"> unemployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20creation" title=" job creation"> job creation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171782/rethinking-entrepreneurship-education-as-a-remedy-for-graduates-unemployment-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Analysis of the Transcriptional Response of Rhazia stricta to Jasmonic Acid Induction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20H.%20Hajrah">Nahid H. Hajrah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Hall"> Neil Hall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The jasmonic pathway is ubiquitous in plants and is crucial to plant development. It Is involved in fertility, ripening, and sex determination as well as in response to environmental stresses such as herbivory, pathogen drought or temperature shock. Essentially the jasmonic pathway acts to shut down growth in order to induce defence pathways. These pathways include the production of secondary metabolites which have evolved to defend against herbivores and pathogens but are of increasing interest due to their roll in medicine and biotechnology. Here we describe the transcriptional response of Rhazia stricta (a poisonous shrub widely used in traditional medicine) to jasmonic acid, in order to better characterize the genes involved in secondary metabolite production and its response to stress. We observe coordinated upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway leading to flavonols, flavones and anthocyanins but no similar coordination of the monoterpene indole alkaloid pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title="medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhazia%20stricta" title=" Rhazia stricta"> Rhazia stricta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jasmonic%20acid" title=" jasmonic acid"> jasmonic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptional%20analysis" title=" transcriptional analysis"> transcriptional analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107330/analysis-of-the-transcriptional-response-of-rhazia-stricta-to-jasmonic-acid-induction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Influence of Protein Malnutrition and Different Stressful Conditions on Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Focus on the Possible Protection Using Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20A.%20Ali">Azza A. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Abdelaty"> Asmaa Abdelaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20G.%20Khalil"> Mona G. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20M.%20Kamal"> Mona M. Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karema%20Abu-Elfotuh"> Karema Abu-Elfotuh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Aluminium (Al) is known as a neurotoxin environmental pollutant that can cause certain diseases as Dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinsonism. It is widely used in antacid drugs as well as in food additives and toothpaste. Stresses have been linked to cognitive impairment; Social isolation (SI) may exacerbate memory deficits while protein malnutrition (PM) increases oxidative damage in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. The risk of cognitive decline may be lower by maintaining social connections. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin in green tea and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects as well as health-promoting effects in CNS. Objective: To study the influence of different stressful conditions as social isolation, electric shock (EC) and inadequate Nutritional condition as PM on neurotoxicity induced by Al in rats as well as to investigate the possible protective effect of EGCG in these stressful and PM conditions. Methods: Rats were divided into two major groups; protected group which was daily treated during three weeks of the experiment by EGCG (10 mg/kg, IP) or non-treated. Protected and non-protected groups included five subgroups as following: One normal control received saline and four Al toxicity groups injected daily for three weeks by ALCl3 (70 mg/kg, IP). One of them served as Al toxicity model, two groups subjected to different stresses either by isolation as mild stressful condition (SI-associated Al toxicity model) or by electric shock as high stressful condition (EC- associated Al toxicity model). The last was maintained on 10% casein diet (PM -associated Al toxicity model). Isolated rats were housed individually in cages covered with black plastic. Biochemical changes in the brain as acetyl cholinesterase (ACHE), Aβ, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β), oxidative parameters (MDA, SOD, TAC) were estimated for all groups. Histopathological changes in different brain regions were also evaluated. Results: Rats exposed to Al for three weeks showed brain neurotoxicity and neuronal degenerations. Both mild (SI) and high (EC) stressful conditions as well as inadequate nutrition (PM) enhanced Al-induced neurotoxicity and brain neuronal degenerations; the enhancement induced by stresses especially in its higher conditions (ES) was more pronounced than that of inadequate nutritional conditions (PM) as indicated by the significant increase in Aβ, ACHE, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β together with the significant decrease in SOD, TAC, BDNF. On the other hand, EGCG showed more pronounced protection against hazards of Al in both stressful conditions (SI and EC) rather than in PM .The protective effects of EGCG were indicated by the significant decrease in Aβ, ACHE, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β together with the increase in SOD, TAC, BDNF and confirmed by brain histopathological examinations. Conclusion: Neurotoxicity and brain neuronal degenerations induced by Al were more severe with stresses than with PM. EGCG can protect against Al-induced brain neuronal degenerations in all conditions. Consequently, administration of EGCG together with socialization as well as adequate protein nutrition is advised especially on excessive Al-exposure to avoid the severity of its neuronal toxicity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20pollution" title="environmental pollution">environmental pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum" title=" aluminum"> aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20isolation" title=" social isolation"> social isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20malnutrition" title=" protein malnutrition"> protein malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuronal%20degeneration" title=" neuronal degeneration"> neuronal degeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epigallocatechin-3-gallate" title=" epigallocatechin-3-gallate"> epigallocatechin-3-gallate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rats" title=" rats"> rats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62761/influence-of-protein-malnutrition-and-different-stressful-conditions-on-aluminum-induced-neurotoxicity-in-rats-focus-on-the-possible-protection-using-epigallocatechin-3-gallate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Incidence of Disasters and Coping Mechanism among Farming Households in South West Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawehinmi%20Olabisi%20Alaba">Fawehinmi Olabisi Alaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20R.%20Adeniyi"> O. R. Adeniyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Farming households faces lots of disaster which contribute to endemic poverty. Anticipated increases in extreme weather events will exacerbate this. Primary data was administered to farming household using multi-stage random sampling technique. The result of the analysis shows that majority of the respondents (69.9%) are male, have mean household size, years of formal education and age of 5±1.14, 6±3.41, and 51.06±10.43 respectively. The major (48.9%) type of disaster experienced is flooding. Major coping mechanism adopted is sourcing for support from family and friends. Age, education, experience, access to extension agent, and mitigation control method contribute significantly to vulnerability to disaster. The major adaptation method (62.3%) is construction of drainage. The study revealed that the coping mechanisms employed may become less effective as increasingly fragile livelihood systems struggle to withstand disaster shocks. Thus there is need for training of the farmers on measures to adapt to mitigate the shock from disasters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title="adaptation">adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disasters" title=" disasters"> disasters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flooding" title=" flooding"> flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8163/incidence-of-disasters-and-coping-mechanism-among-farming-households-in-south-west-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Heat Pipe Production and Life Performance Tests in Geosynchronous Telecom Satellites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erkam%20Arslantas">Erkam Arslantas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat pipes one of the thermal control elements are used in communication satellites. A selection of the heat pipes of satellite thermal design will be emphasized how important and effective it is. In this article, manufacturing and performance control tests of heat pipes are reviewed from the current literature. The heat pipe is expected to function efficiently during all missions of the spacecraft from Beginning of Life (BOL) to End of Life (EOL). There are many parameters that are evaluated in manufacturing and performance control tests of the heat pipes which are used in satellites. These parameters are pressure design, leakage, noncondensable gas level (N.C.G), sine vibration, shock and static load capabilities, aging, bending, proof, final test etc. These parameters will be explained separately for the heat pipes in this review article and young researches working on the thermal control system of Geosynchronous Satellites systems can find easily related information in this article. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20satellite" title="communication satellite">communication satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pipe" title=" heat pipe"> heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20test" title=" performance test"> performance test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20control" title=" thermal control"> thermal control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97736/heat-pipe-production-and-life-performance-tests-in-geosynchronous-telecom-satellites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> The Kinks, the Solitons, and the Shocks in Series Connected Discrete Josephson Transmission Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20Kogan">Eugene Kogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We analytically study the localized running waves in the discrete Josephson transmission lines (JTL), constructed from Josephson junctions (JJ) and capacitors. The quasi-continuum approximation reduces the calculation of the running wave properties to the problem of equilibrium of an elastic rod in the potential field. Making additional approximations, we reduce the problem to the motion of the fictitious Newtonian particle in the potential well. We show that there exist running waves in the form of supersonic kinks and solitons and calculate their velocities and profiles. We show that the nonstationary smooth waves, which are small perturbations on the homogeneous non-zero background, are described by Korteweg-de Vries equation, and those on zero background -by the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. We also study the effect of dissipation on the running waves in JTL and find that in the presence of the resistors, shunting the JJ and/or in series with the ground capacitors, the only possible stationary running waves are the shock waves, whose profiles are also found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josephson%20transmission%20line" title="Josephson transmission line">Josephson transmission line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shocks" title=" shocks"> shocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solitary%20waves" title=" solitary waves"> solitary waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20waves" title=" nonlinear waves"> nonlinear waves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148051/the-kinks-the-solitons-and-the-shocks-in-series-connected-discrete-josephson-transmission-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Bank Specialization and Credit Risk: Evidence from Global Financial Crisis Shock</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lemu%20Abebe%20Geleta">Lemu Abebe Geleta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, it compare the performance of banks and financial services (operational, financial, and market) across four major regions including Asia, Europe, Africa, and North with the extent of sustainability reporting. We examine how the Environment, Social, and Governance score (ESG) and the three pillars such as Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Tobin's (Q) affect the performance of banks using data collected from 3450 observations across 40 different nations over ten years of (2011-2020). it also consider implications for governance, macroeconomics, and specific bank attributes. The results indicate a negative correlation between ESG and operational performance (ROA), financial performance (ROE), and market performance (TQ). The inclusion of diverse political and economic contexts lends distinctiveness to this paper. the findings hold significant theoretical implications for global scholars and policymakers. The limited correlation between ESG, its pillars, and the performance of banks and financial services underscores managerial shortcomings within these sectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank%20specialization" title="bank specialization">bank specialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crisis" title=" financial crisis"> financial crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credit%20risk" title=" credit risk"> credit risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference-in-differences" title=" difference-in-differences"> difference-in-differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herfindahl%20hirschman%20index" title=" herfindahl hirschman index"> herfindahl hirschman index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190452/bank-specialization-and-credit-risk-evidence-from-global-financial-crisis-shock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Degradation Mechanism of Automotive Refinish Coatings Exposed to Biological Substances: The Role of Cross-Linking Density</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mahdavi">M. Mahdavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mohseni"> M. Mohseni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rafiei"> R. Rafiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yari"> H. Yari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental factors can deteriorate the automotive coatings significantly. Such as UV radiations, humidity, hot-cold shock and destructive chemical compounds. Furthermore, some natural materials such as bird droppings and tree gums have the potential to degrade the coatings as well. The present work aims to study the mechanism of degradation for two automotive refinish coating (PU based) systems exposed to two types of biological materials, i.e. Arabic gum and the simulated bird dropping, pancreatin. To reach this goal, effects of these biological materials on surface properties and appearance were studied using different techniques including digital camera, FT-IR spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and gloss measurements. In addition, the thermo-mechanical behavior of coatings was examined by DMTA. It was found that cross-linking had a crucial role on the biological resistance of clear coat. The higher cross-linking enhanced biological resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refinish%20clear%20coat" title="refinish clear coat">refinish clear coat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatin" title=" pancreatin"> pancreatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20gum" title=" Arabic gum"> Arabic gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linking" title=" cross-linking"> cross-linking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20degradation" title=" biological degradation"> biological degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18510/degradation-mechanism-of-automotive-refinish-coatings-exposed-to-biological-substances-the-role-of-cross-linking-density" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Left Cornual Ectopic Pregnancy with Uterine Rupture - a Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinodhini%20Elangovan">Vinodhini Elangovan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jen%20Heng%20Pek"> Jen Heng Pek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: An ectopic pregnancy is defined as any pregnancy implanted outside of the endometrial cavity. Cornual pregnancy, a rare variety of ectopic pregnancies, is seen in about 2-4% of ectopic pregnancies. It develops in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube and invades through the uterine wall. This case describes a third-trimester cornual pregnancy that resulted in a uterine rupture. Case: A 38-year old Chinese lady was brought to the Emergency Department (ED) as a standby case for hypotension. She was 30+6 weeks pregnant (Gravida 3, Parous 1). Her past obstetric history included a live birth delivered via lower segment Caesarean section due to non-reassuring fetal status in 2002 and a miscarriage in 2012. She developed generalized abdominal pain. There was no per vaginal bleeding or leaking liquor. There was also no fever, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, or urinary symptoms. On arrival in the ED, she was pale, diaphoretic, and lethargic. She had generalized tenderness with guarding and rebound over her abdomen. Point of care ultrasound was performed and showed a large amount of intra-abdominal free fluid, and the fetal heart rate was 170 beats per minute. The point of care hemoglobin was 7.1 g/dL, and lactate was 6.8 mmol/L. The patient’s blood pressure dropped precipitously to 50/36 mmHg, and her heart rate went up to 141 beats per minute. The clinical impression was profound shock secondary to uterine rupture. Intra-operatively, there was extensive haemoperitoneum, and the fetus was seen in the abdominal cavity. The fetus was delivered immediately and handed to the neonatal team. On exploration of the uterus, the point of rupture was at the left cornual region where the placenta was attached to. Discussion: Cornual pregnancies are difficult to diagnose pre-operatively with low ultrasonographic sensitivity and hence are commonly confused with normal intrauterine pregnancies. They pose a higher risk of rupture and hemorrhage compared to other types of ectopic pregnancies. In very rare circumstances, interstitial pregnancies can result in a viable fetus. Uterine rupture resulting in hemorrhagic shock is a true obstetric emergency that can result in significant morbidity and mortality for the patient and the fetus, and early diagnosis in the emergency department is crucial. The patient in this case presented with known risk factors of multiparity, advanced maternal age, and previous lower segment cesarean section, which increased the suspicion of uterine rupture. Ultrasound assessment may be beneficial to any patient who presents with symptoms and a history of uterine surgery to assess the possibility of uterine dehiscence or rupture. Management of a patient suspected of uterine rupture should be systematic in the emergency department and follow an ABC approach. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the importance for an emergency physician to maintain the suspicion for ectopic pregnancy even at advanced gestational ages. It also highlights how even though all emergency physicians may not be qualified to do a detailed pelvic ultrasound, it is essential for them to be competent with a point of care ultrasound to make a prompt diagnosis of conditions such as uterine rupture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cornual%20ectopic" title="cornual ectopic ">cornual ectopic </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ectopic%20pregnancy" title=" ectopic pregnancy"> ectopic pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20medicine" title=" emergency medicine"> emergency medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstetric%20emergencies" title=" obstetric emergencies"> obstetric emergencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128149/left-cornual-ectopic-pregnancy-with-uterine-rupture-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Advanced Catechol-Modified Chitosan Hydrogels with the Inducement of Iron (III) Ion at Acidic Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngoc%20Quang%20Nguyen">Ngoc Quang Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daewon%20Sohn"> Daewon Sohn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chitosan (CS) is a natural polycationic polysaccharide and pH-sensitive polymer with incomplete deacetylation from claiming chitin. It is also a guaranteeing material in terms of pharmaceutical, chemical, and sustenance industry due to its exceptional structure (reactive –OH and –NH2 groups). In this study, a catechol-functionalized chitosan (CCS, for an eminent level for substitution) was synthesized and propelled by marine mussel cuticles in place on research those intricate connections between Fe³⁺ and catechol under acidic conditions. The ratios of catechol, chitosan and other reagents decide the structure of the hydrogel. The gel formation is then well-maintained by dual cross-linking through electrostatic interactions between Fe³⁺ and CCS and covalent catechol-coupling-based coordinate bonds. The hydrogels showed enhanced cohesiveness and shock-absorbing properties with increasing pH due to coordinate bonds inspired by mussel byssal threads. Thus, the gelation time, rheological properties, UV-vis and ¹H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, and the morphologic aspects were elucidated to describe those crosslinking components and the physical properties of the chitosan backbones and hydrogel frameworks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catechol" title="catechol">catechol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20ion" title=" iron ion"> iron ion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelation" title=" gelation"> gelation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97228/advanced-catechol-modified-chitosan-hydrogels-with-the-inducement-of-iron-iii-ion-at-acidic-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Stability Analysis and Experimental Evaluation on Maxwell Model of Impedance Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Fu">Le Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Wu"> Rui Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gang%20Feng%20Liu"> Gang Feng Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Zhao"> Jie Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Normally, impedance control methods are based on a model that connects a spring and damper in parallel. The series connection, namely the Maxwell model, has emerged as a counterpart and draw the attention of robotics researchers. In the theoretical analysis, it turns out that the two pattern are both equivalents to some extent, but notable differences of response characteristics exist, especially in the effect of damping viscosity. However, this novel impedance control design is lack of validation on realistic robot platforms. In this study, stability analysis and experimental evaluation are achieved using a 3-fingered Barrett® robotic hand BH8-282 endowed with tactile sensing, mounted on a torque-controlled lightweight and collaborative robot KUKA® LBR iiwa 14 R820. Object handover and incoming objects catching tasks are executed for validation and analysis. Experimental results show that the series connection pattern has much better performance in natural impact or shock absorption, which indicate promising applications in robots’ safe and physical interaction with humans and objects in various environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20control" title="impedance control">impedance control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxwell%20model" title=" Maxwell model"> Maxwell model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20control" title=" force control"> force control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dexterous%20manipulation" title=" dexterous manipulation"> dexterous manipulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79604/stability-analysis-and-experimental-evaluation-on-maxwell-model-of-impedance-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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