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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="gMaS9TKwQm8rUEYRBYHyfIC9jaeGcbJVvFle54XIY8UIdd-oisoftAcptXPOFeTWuxxeoIR1ShhD75ZZQ4DJCA" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Phenotypic Plasticity: From Microevolution to Macroevolution" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2014" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Nicoglou, Antonine" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="285" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="318" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/10122373/Phenotypic_Plasticity_From_Microevolution_to_Macroevolution" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Phenotypic Plasticity: From Microevolution to Macroevolution" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This chapter starts with a short history of the concept of phenotypic plasticity (from the seventeenth century to present) in order to distinguish two distinct conceptions of plasticity: one more dynamic (or Aristotelian) according to which the" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/3854564/1536775/1866461/s200_antonine.nicoglou.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/10122373/Phenotypic_Plasticity_From_Microevolution_to_Macroevolution" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Phenotypic Plasticity: From Microevolution to Macroevolution" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This chapter starts with a short history of the concept of phenotypic plasticity (from the seventeenth century to present) in order to distinguish two distinct conceptions of plasticity: one more dynamic (or Aristotelian) according to which the" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://iehca.academia.edu/AntonineNicoglou" /> <meta name="description" content="This chapter starts with a short history of the concept of phenotypic plasticity (from the seventeenth century to present) in order to distinguish two distinct conceptions of plasticity: one more dynamic (or Aristotelian) according to which the" /> <title>Phenotypic Plasticity in Evolutionary Contexts</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/10122373/Phenotypic_Plasticity_From_Microevolution_to_Macroevolution" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 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The chapter shows then how Darwinian theories have first favored the second conception, before the emergence of a renewed interest for the first one, which plays the role of an explanans, while the second conception would rather be an explanandum. In so doing, the chapter describes in depth the role of the concept in micro- and macroevolution study.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Antonine Nicoglou","url":"https://iehca.academia.edu/AntonineNicoglou"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-01-12","datePublished":"2014-10-09","headline":"Phenotypic Plasticity: From Microevolution to Macroevolution","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36779849/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Evolutionary Biology","Philosophy of Science","Philosophy of Biology","History and Philosophy of Biology","Evolution","Phenotypic Plasticity","Developmental Plasticity"],"publication":"Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the 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{"work":{"id":10122373,"created_at":"2015-01-12T02:29:03.161-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-03T06:49:58.982-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This chapter starts with a short history of the concept of phenotypic plasticity (from the seventeenth century to present) in order to distinguish two distinct conceptions of plasticity: one more dynamic (or Aristotelian) according to which the notion has been described as a property inherent to life whose very organization depends upon it, and an other conception, more passive, according to which “plasticity” means the capacity to express different phenotypes for a single genotype depending on environmental conditions. The chapter shows then how Darwinian theories have first favored the second conception, before the emergence of a renewed interest for the first one, which plays the role of an explanans, while the second conception would rather be an explanandum. In so doing, the chapter describes in depth the role of the concept in micro- and macroevolution study.","ai_title_tag":"Phenotypic Plasticity in Evolutionary Contexts","publication_date":"2014,10,9","publication_name":" Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences "},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Phenotypic Plasticity: From Microevolution to Macroevolution","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3854564]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":36779849,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Phenotypic Plasticity: From Microevolution to Macroevolution”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/36779849/mini_magick20190307-32594-k35kt3.png?1551969287" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Phenotypic Plasticity: From Microevolution to Macroevolution</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3854564" href="https://iehca.academia.edu/AntonineNicoglou"><img alt="Profile image of Antonine Nicoglou" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3854564/1536775/1866461/s65_antonine.nicoglou.jpg" />Antonine Nicoglou</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2014, Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences </p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">42 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 10122373; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This chapter starts with a short history of the concept of phenotypic plasticity (from the seventeenth century to present) in order to distinguish two distinct conceptions of plasticity: one more dynamic (or Aristotelian) according to which the notion has been described as a property inherent to life whose very organization depends upon it, and an other conception, more passive, according to which “plasticity” means the capacity to express different phenotypes for a single genotype depending on environmental conditions. The chapter shows then how Darwinian theories have first favored the second conception, before the emergence of a renewed interest for the first one, which plays the role of an explanans, while the second conception would rather be an explanandum. In so doing, the chapter describes in depth the role of the concept in micro- and macroevolution study.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":36779849,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/10122373/Phenotypic_Plasticity_From_Microevolution_to_Macroevolution"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":36779849,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/10122373/Phenotypic_Plasticity_From_Microevolution_to_Macroevolution"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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In 1965, British biologist A. D. Bradshaw proposed a widely cited model intended to explain the evolution of norms of reaction, based on his studies of plant populations. Bradshaw’s model went beyond the notion of the “adaptive norm of reaction” discussed before him by Dobzhansky and Schmalhausen by suggesting that “plasticity” – the ability of a phenotype to be modified by the environment – should be genetically determined. To prove Bradshaw’s hypothesis, it became necessary for some authors to identify the pressures exerted by natural selection on phenotypic plasticity in particular traits, and thus to model its evolution. In this paper, I contrast two different views, based on quantitative genetic models, proposed in the mid-1980s: Russell Lande and Sara Via’s conception of phenotypic plasticity, which assumes that the evolution of plasticity is linked to the evolution of the plastic trait itself, and Samuel Scheiner and Richard Lyman’s view, which assumes that the evolution of plasticity is independent from the evolution of the trait. I show how the origin of this specific debate, and different assumptions about the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, depended on Bradshaw’s definition of plasticity and the context of quantitative genetics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The evolution of phenotypic plasticity: genealogy of a debate in genetics","attachmentId":37213955,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10122469/The_evolution_of_phenotypic_plasticity_genealogy_of_a_debate_in_genetics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10122469/The_evolution_of_phenotypic_plasticity_genealogy_of_a_debate_in_genetics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="59301935" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59301935/Phenotypic_plasticity_in_development_and_evolution_facts_and_concepts">Phenotypic plasticity in development and evolution: facts and concepts</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="153486341" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlessandroMinelli3">Alessandro Minelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This theme issue pursues an exploration of the potential of taking into account the environmental sensitivity of development to explaining the evolution of metazoan life cycles, with special focus on complex life cycles and the role of developmental plasticity. The evolution of switches between alternative phenotypes as a response to different environmental cues and the evolution of the control of the temporal expression of alternative phenotypes within an organism&#39;s life cycle are here treated together as different dimensions of the complex relationships between genotype and phenotype, fostering the emergence of a more general and comprehensive picture of phenotypic evolution through a quite diverse sample of case studies. This introductory article reviews fundamental facts and concepts about phenotypic plasticity, adopting the most authoritative terminology in use in the current literature. The main topics are types and components of phenotypic variation, the evolution of orga...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phenotypic plasticity in development and evolution: facts and concepts","attachmentId":73296241,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59301935/Phenotypic_plasticity_in_development_and_evolution_facts_and_concepts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59301935/Phenotypic_plasticity_in_development_and_evolution_facts_and_concepts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="23671735" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23671735/The_integrative_biology_of_phenotypic_plasticity">The integrative biology of phenotypic plasticity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34575347" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrevonFuller">Trevon Fuller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A review of Massimo Pigliucci, Phenotypic Plasticity: Beyond Nature and Nurture, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2001, xvi + 328 pp. ISBN 0-8018-6788-6, $80.00 (Hb).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The integrative biology of phenotypic plasticity","attachmentId":44076295,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23671735/The_integrative_biology_of_phenotypic_plasticity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23671735/The_integrative_biology_of_phenotypic_plasticity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="26048458" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26048458/Phenotypic_plasticity_and_experimental_evolution">Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31702217" href="https://ucriverside.academia.edu/TGarland">Theodore Garland</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Experimental Biology, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution","attachmentId":46386532,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26048458/Phenotypic_plasticity_and_experimental_evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26048458/Phenotypic_plasticity_and_experimental_evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="32125985" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32125985/Phenotypic_Plasticity_and_the_Post_Modern_Synthesis_Integrating_Evo_Devo_and_Quantitative_Genetics_in_Theoretical_and_Empirical_Studies">Phenotypic Plasticity and the Post-Modern Synthesis: Integrating Evo-Devo and Quantitative Genetics in Theoretical and Empirical Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="62212154" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlisonScoville">Alison Scoville</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Mainstream evolutionary biology lacks a mature theory of phenotype. Following from the Modern Synthesis, researchers tend to assume an unrealistically simple mapping of genotype to phenotype, or else trust that the complexities of developmental architecture can be adequately captured by measuring trait variances and covariances. In contrast, the growing field of evolutionary developmental biology (evodevo) explicitly examines the relationship between developmental architecture and evolutionary change, but lacks a rigorous quantitative and predictive framework. In my dissertation, I strive to integrate quantitative genetics and evo-devo, using both theoretical and empirical studies of plasticity. My first paper explores the effect of realistic development on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity when there is migration between two discrete environments. The model I use reveals that nonadditive developmental interactions can constrain the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in the presence of stabilizing selection. In my second paper, I examine the manner in which the genetically controlled responsiveness of traits to each other is shaped by selection and can in turn shape the phenotypic response to selection. Here, results indicate that developmental entanglement through plasticity can facilitate rapid multivariate adaptation in response to a novel selective pressure. In my final paper, I examine patterns of gene expression underlying ancestral plasticity and adaptive loss of melanin in Daphnia melanica. My results indicate that the developmental mechanism underlying ancestral plasticity has been co-opted to facilitate rapid adaptation to an introduced predator.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phenotypic Plasticity and the Post-Modern Synthesis: Integrating Evo-Devo and Quantitative Genetics in Theoretical and Empirical Studies","attachmentId":52370929,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32125985/Phenotypic_Plasticity_and_the_Post_Modern_Synthesis_Integrating_Evo_Devo_and_Quantitative_Genetics_in_Theoretical_and_Empirical_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32125985/Phenotypic_Plasticity_and_the_Post_Modern_Synthesis_Integrating_Evo_Devo_and_Quantitative_Genetics_in_Theoretical_and_Empirical_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="14392690" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14392690/The_role_of_phenotypic_plasticity_in_driving_genetic">The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33336931" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/TrevorPrice">Trevor Price</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Models of population divergence and speciation are often based on the assumption that differences between populations are due to genetic factors, and that phenotypic change is due to natural selection. It is equally plausible that some of the differences among populations are due to phenotypic plasticity. We use the metaphor of the adaptive landscape to review the role of phenotypic</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic","attachmentId":38293251,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14392690/The_role_of_phenotypic_plasticity_in_driving_genetic","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14392690/The_role_of_phenotypic_plasticity_in_driving_genetic"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="56932539" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56932539/The_conceptual_structure_of_evolutionary_biology_A_framework_from_phenotypic_plasticity">The conceptual structure of evolutionary biology: A framework from phenotypic plasticity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17668160" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Rog%C3%A9rioMartins1">Rogério Martins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Ecology</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this review, I approach the role of phenotypic plasticity as a key aspect of the conceptual framework of evolutionary biology. The concept of phenotypic plasticity is related to other relevant concepts of contemporary research in evolutionary biology, such as assimilation, genetic accommodation and canalization, evolutionary robustness, evolvability, evolutionary capacitance and niche construction. Although not always adaptive, phenotypic plasticity can promote the integration of these concepts to represent some of the dynamics of evolution, which can be visualized through the use of a conceptual map. Although the use of conceptual maps is common in areas of knowledge such as psychology and education, their application in evolutionary biology can lead to a better understanding of the processes and conceptual interactions of the complex dynamics of evolution. The conceptual map I present here includes environmental variability and variation, phenotypic plasticity and natural selec...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The conceptual structure of evolutionary biology: A framework from phenotypic plasticity","attachmentId":72076824,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56932539/The_conceptual_structure_of_evolutionary_biology_A_framework_from_phenotypic_plasticity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56932539/The_conceptual_structure_of_evolutionary_biology_A_framework_from_phenotypic_plasticity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2919779" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2919779/Studying_phenotypic_plasticity_the_advantages_of_a_broad_approach">Studying phenotypic plasticity: the advantages of a broad approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="865881" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FernandoValladares">Fernando Valladares</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Phenotypic plasticity is traditionally defined as the capacity of a given genotype to render alternative phenotypes under different environmental conditions. Some studies focus on the individual genotype to study 'true'phenotypic plasticity, regardless of the level of ecological organization involved in each particular study. We argue that, depending on the research question and the scale, there are advantages of looking beyond the genetic identity of each individual phenotype when addressing phenotypic plasticity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Studying phenotypic plasticity: the advantages of a broad approach","attachmentId":30819985,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2919779/Studying_phenotypic_plasticity_the_advantages_of_a_broad_approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2919779/Studying_phenotypic_plasticity_the_advantages_of_a_broad_approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="87625747" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87625747/Review_Phenotypic_plasticity_and_experimental_evolution">Review Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16061010" href="https://ucriverside.academia.edu/TheodoreGarland">Theodore Garland</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review Phenotypic plasticity and experimental 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href="https://www.academia.edu/57574101/Adaptive_phenotypic_plasticity_consensus_and_controversy">Adaptive phenotypic plasticity: consensus and controversy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42047392" href="https://uva.academia.edu/PeterVanTienderen">Peter Van Tienderen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Adaptive phenotypic plasticity: consensus and controversy","attachmentId":72410067,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57574101/Adaptive_phenotypic_plasticity_consensus_and_controversy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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Biology, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assessing the Impacts of Phenotypic Plasticity on Evolution","attachmentId":103680603,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103762225/Assessing_the_Impacts_of_Phenotypic_Plasticity_on_Evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103762225/Assessing_the_Impacts_of_Phenotypic_Plasticity_on_Evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/8289696/Phenotypic_plasticity_and_ecology">Phenotypic plasticity and ecology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98533" href="https://uevora.academia.edu/EduardoAMorales">Eduardo A. 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data-entity-id="5920226" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5920226/Interpreting_phenotypic_plasticity_the_importance_of_ontogeny">Interpreting phenotypic plasticity: the importance of ontogeny</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8786985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KellyMcConnaughay">Kelly McConnaughay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Species Biology, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interpreting phenotypic plasticity: the importance of 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href="https://www.academia.edu/3328163/Defining_the_boundaries_of_development_with_plasticity">Defining the boundaries of development with plasticity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3854564" href="https://iehca.academia.edu/AntonineNicoglou">Antonine Nicoglou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Defining the boundaries of development with plasticity","attachmentId":31213318,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3328163/Defining_the_boundaries_of_development_with_plasticity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plasticity, memory and the adaptive landscape of the genotype","attachmentId":85288988,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78135743/Plasticity_memory_and_the_adaptive_landscape_of_the_genotype","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78135743/Plasticity_memory_and_the_adaptive_landscape_of_the_genotype"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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Biosciences, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Relationship among phenotypic plasticity, phenotypic fluctuations, robustness, and evolvability; Waddington’s legacy revisited under the spirit of Einstein","attachmentId":85804070,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78164902/Relationship_among_phenotypic_plasticity_phenotypic_fluctuations_robustness_and_evolvability_Waddington_s_legacy_revisited_under_the_spirit_of_Einstein","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33191850" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/MichaelWade">Michael Wade</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BioEssays, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Toward a population genetic framework of developmental evolution: the costs, limits, and consequences of phenotypic plasticity","attachmentId":44470265,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14205505/Toward_a_population_genetic_framework_of_developmental_evolution_the_costs_limits_and_consequences_of_phenotypic_plasticity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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href="https://southerndenmark.academia.edu/UliSteiner">Uli Steiner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phenotypic plasticity, costs of phenotypes, and costs of plasticity: toward an integrative view","attachmentId":50569515,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2559049/Phenotypic_plasticity_costs_of_phenotypes_and_costs_of_plasticity_toward_an_integrative_view","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://unal-co.academia.edu/LuisEugenioAndradePerez">Luis Eugenio Andrade Perez</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Interrelations Between Genotype-Phenotype-Environment A semiotic Contribution to Evo Devo Debate SEED Vol 5 N2-2005","attachmentId":30632838,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2631185/The_Interrelations_Between_Genotype_Phenotype_Environment_A_semiotic_Contribution_to_Evo_Devo_Debate_SEED_Vol_5_N2_2005","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution, 1985</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotype-Environment Interaction and the Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity","attachmentId":113950491,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118287545/Genotype_Environment_Interaction_and_the_Evolution_of_Phenotypic_Plasticity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118287545/Genotype_Environment_Interaction_and_the_Evolution_of_Phenotypic_Plasticity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="79514154" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79514154/Phenotypic_plasticity_can_potentiate_rapid_evolutionary_change">Phenotypic plasticity can potentiate rapid evolutionary change</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88988103" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VNanjundiah">Vidyanand Nanjundiah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phenotypic plasticity can potentiate rapid evolutionary 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