CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Russian Braille - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"33557545-2432-4e30-ba74-9555b6ab3a7c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Russian_Braille","wgTitle":"Russian Braille","wgCurRevisionId":1250241867,"wgRevisionId":1250241867,"wgArticleId":35555518,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Russian-language text","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023","Pages with plain IPA","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from November 2013","French-ordered braille alphabets","Russian language"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Russian_Braille","wgRelevantArticleId":35555518,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3399601", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ec/Russian_Braille_chart.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="955"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ec/Russian_Braille_chart.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="636"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="509"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Russian Braille - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Braille"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Braille"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Russian_Braille rootpage-Russian_Braille skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Russian+Braille" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Russian+Braille" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Russian+Braille" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Russian+Braille" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Alphabet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alphabet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alphabet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obsolete_letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obsolete_letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Obsolete letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obsolete_letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Punctuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formatting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formatting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Formatting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formatting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbers_and_arithmetic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbers_and_arithmetic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Numbers and arithmetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbers_and_arithmetic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensions_for_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensions_for_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Extensions for other languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extensions_for_other_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Extensions for other languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Extensions_for_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ukrainian Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belarusian_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belarusian_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Belarusian Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belarusian_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazakh_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazakh_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Kazakh Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazakh_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyrgyz_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyrgyz_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Kyrgyz Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyrgyz_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongolian_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongolian_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Mongolian Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongolian_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatar_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatar_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Tatar Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatar_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_alphabets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_alphabets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Additional alphabets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_alphabets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tajik_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tajik_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7.1</span> <span>Tajik Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tajik_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkmen_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkmen_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7.2</span> <span>Turkmen Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkmen_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzbek_Braille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzbek_Braille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7.3</span> <span>Uzbek Braille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzbek_Braille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian Braille</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiese_braille" title="Russiese braille – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russiese braille" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Руска брайлова азбука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руска брайлова азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_cyrillique" title="Braille cyrillique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Braille cyrillique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4_%EC%A0%90%EC%9E%90" title="러시아어 점자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아어 점자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_Bahasa_Rusia" title="Braille Bahasa Rusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Braille Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Руска Брајова азбука – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руска Брајова азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch_braille" title="Russisch braille – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russisch braille" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E7%82%B9%E5%AD%97" title="ロシア語の点字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア語の点字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="俄語盲文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄語盲文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3399601#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Russian_Braille" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Russian_Braille" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Russian_Braille" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&oldid=1250241867" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Russian_Braille&id=1250241867&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRussian_Braille"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRussian_Braille"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Russian_Braille&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3399601" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Braille equivalent of the Cyrillic script</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cyrillic braille" redirects here. For the Bulgarian braille alphabet, see <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian Braille</a>. For the Macedonian and Serbian braille alphabets, see <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav Braille</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Russian Braille<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Braille_chart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Russian_Braille_chart.jpg/220px-Russian_Braille_chart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ec/Russian_Braille_chart.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> Alphabet </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Print basis</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">Russian alphabet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><ul><li>Russian Braille</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Russian Braille</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a> alphabet of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a>. With suitable extensions, it is used for languages of neighboring countries that are written in <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a> in print, such as <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>. It is based on the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> transliteration of Cyrillic, with additional letters assigned idiosyncratically. In Russian, it is known as the <b>Braille Script</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Russian Braille alphabet is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-萬明美_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-萬明美-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pedlib_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pedlib-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%90_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="А (Cyrillic)">а</a> <i>a</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">б</a> <i>b</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">в</a> <i>v</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">г</a> <i>g</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">д</a> <i>d</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%95_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Е (Cyrillic)">е</a> <i>e, ye</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">ё</a> <i>yo</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">ж</a> <i>zh</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">з</a> <i>z</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">и</a> <i>i</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">й</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>y</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801"><img alt="⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/40px-Braille_A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/60px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/80px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_B2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12) U+2803"><img alt="⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/40px-Braille_B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/60px-Braille_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/80px-Braille_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456) U+283A"><img alt="⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/40px-Braille_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/60px-Braille_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/80px-Braille_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_G7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B"><img alt="⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/40px-Braille_G7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/60px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/80px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_D4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819"><img alt="⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/40px-Braille_D4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/60px-Braille_D4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/80px-Braille_D4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_E5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15) U+2811"><img alt="⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/40px-Braille_E5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/60px-Braille_E5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/80px-Braille_E5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%85.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠡ (braille pattern dots-16) U+2821"><img alt="⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Braille_%C3%85.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%85.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_J0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A"><img alt="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/40px-Braille_J0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/60px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/80px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835"><img alt="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/40px-Braille_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/60px-Braille_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/80px-Braille_Z.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_I9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A"><img alt="⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/40px-Braille_I9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/60px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/80px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_AND.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346) U+282F"><img alt="⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/40px-Braille_AND.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/60px-Braille_AND.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Braille_AND.svg/80px-Braille_AND.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">к</a> <i>k</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">л</a> <i>l</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">м</a> <i>m</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">н</a> <i>n</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="О (Cyrillic)">о</a> <i>o</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">п</a> <i>p</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">р</a> <i>r</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">с</a> <i>s</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a> <i>t</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">у</a> <i>u</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">ф</a> <i>f</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_K.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠅ (braille pattern dots-13) U+2805"><img alt="⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/40px-Braille_K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/60px-Braille_K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/80px-Braille_K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807"><img alt="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/40px-Braille_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/60px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/80px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_M.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134) U+280D"><img alt="⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/40px-Braille_M.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/60px-Braille_M.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/80px-Braille_M.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_N.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D"><img alt="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/40px-Braille_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/60px-Braille_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/80px-Braille_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_O.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815"><img alt="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/40px-Braille_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/60px-Braille_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/80px-Braille_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_P.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) U+280F"><img alt="⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/40px-Braille_P.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/60px-Braille_P.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/80px-Braille_P.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_R.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235) U+2817"><img alt="⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/40px-Braille_R.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/60px-Braille_R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/80px-Braille_R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_S.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠎ (braille pattern dots-234) U+280E"><img alt="⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/40px-Braille_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/60px-Braille_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/80px-Braille_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E"><img alt="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/40px-Braille_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/60px-Braille_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/80px-Braille_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_U.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠥ (braille pattern dots-136) U+2825"><img alt="⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/40px-Braille_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/60px-Braille_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/80px-Braille_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_F6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B"><img alt="⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/40px-Braille_F6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/60px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/80px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">х</a> <i>kh</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">ц</a> <i>ts</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">ч</a> <i>ch</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">ш</a> <i>sh</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">щ</a> <i>shch</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">ъ</a> <i>”</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">ы</a> <i>y</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">ь</a> <i>’</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">э</a> <i>e</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a> <i>yu</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Я">я</a> <i>ya</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_H8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125) U+2813"><img alt="⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/40px-Braille_H8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/60px-Braille_H8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/80px-Braille_H8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_C3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809"><img alt="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/40px-Braille_C3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/60px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/80px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Q.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) U+281F"><img alt="⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/40px-Braille_Q.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/60px-Braille_Q.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/80px-Braille_Q.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831"><img alt="⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_X.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) U+282D"><img alt="⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/40px-Braille_X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/60px-Braille_X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/80px-Braille_X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%80.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) U+2837"><img alt="⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Braille_%C3%80.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%80.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%88.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346) U+282E"><img alt="⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Braille_%C3%88.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%88.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%99.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456) U+283E"><img alt="⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Braille_%C3%99.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%99.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%96.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A"><img alt="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256) U+2833"><img alt="⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Braille_%C3%9C.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) U+282B"><img alt="⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_%C3%8B.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The adaptation of <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345) U+281F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠟</span> <i>q</i> to <i>ч</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɕ]</span> and <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346) U+282D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠭</span> <i>x</i> to <i>щ</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɕː]</span> is reminiscent of the adaptation in Chinese <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> of <i>q</i> to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɕ]</span> and <i>x</i> to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɕ]</span>. </p><p>Contractions are not used.<sup id="cite_ref-萬明美_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-萬明美-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obsolete_letters">Obsolete letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Obsolete letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b59_474-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b59_474-2.jpg/300px-Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b59_474-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b59_474-2.jpg/450px-Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b59_474-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b59_474-2.jpg/600px-Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary_b59_474-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>The Russian braille alphabet, ca 1900</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">Reforms of Russian orthography</a></div> <p>The pre-Revolutionary alphabet, reproduced at right from an old encyclopedia, includes several letters which have since been dropped. In addition, the letter э is shown with a slightly different form.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D1%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѳ">ѳ</a> <i>th</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="І">і</a> <i>i</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѣ">ѣ</a> <i>ě</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">э</a> <i>è</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823"><img alt="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although obsolete in Russian Braille, these letters continue in <a href="#Extensions_for_other_languages">several derivative alphabets</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Single punctuation:<sup id="cite_ref-pedlib_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pedlib-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Print </th> <th>,</th> <th>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>?</th> <th>!</th> <th>;</th> <th>:</th> <th>-</th> <th>— </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Braille </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Comma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802"><img alt="⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Braille_Comma.svg/40px-Braille_Comma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Braille_Comma.svg/60px-Braille_Comma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Braille_Comma.svg/80px-Braille_Comma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Period.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832"><img alt="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/40px-Braille_Period.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/60px-Braille_Period.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/80px-Braille_Period.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuestionMark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) U+2822"><img alt="⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Braille_QuestionMark.svg/40px-Braille_QuestionMark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Braille_QuestionMark.svg/60px-Braille_QuestionMark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Braille_QuestionMark.svg/80px-Braille_QuestionMark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816"><img alt="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/40px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/60px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/80px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Semicolon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠆ (braille pattern dots-23) U+2806"><img alt="⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_Semicolon.svg/40px-Braille_Semicolon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_Semicolon.svg/60px-Braille_Semicolon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_Semicolon.svg/80px-Braille_Semicolon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Colon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) U+2812"><img alt="⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Colon.svg/40px-Braille_Colon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Colon.svg/60px-Braille_Colon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Braille_Colon.svg/80px-Braille_Colon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Hyphen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824"><img alt="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/40px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/60px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/80px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Hyphen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824"><img alt="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/40px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/60px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/80px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Hyphen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824"><img alt="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/40px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/60px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/80px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Paired punctuation:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">The inner quotes and the brackets are from Unesco (1990) and have not been confirmed.</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Print </th> <td>« ... »<br />(outer quote) </td> <td>„ ... “<br />(inner quote) </td> <td>( ... ) </td> <td>[ ... ] </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Braille </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteOpen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826"><img alt="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/40px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span>...<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteClose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) U+2834"><img alt="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/40px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_CapitalSign.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820"><img alt="⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/40px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/60px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/80px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteOpen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826"><img alt="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/40px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span>...<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteClose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) U+2834"><img alt="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/40px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Apostrophe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804"><img alt="⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/40px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/60px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/80px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Bracket.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836"><img alt="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/40px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/60px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/80px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span>...<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Bracket.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836"><img alt="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/40px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/60px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/80px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_CapitalSign.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820"><img alt="⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/40px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/60px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/80px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Bracket.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836"><img alt="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/40px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/60px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/80px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span>...<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Bracket.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836"><img alt="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/40px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/60px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/80px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Apostrophe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804"><img alt="⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/40px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/60px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/80px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formatting">Formatting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Formatting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Italics" class="mw-redirect" title="Italics">italics</a></th> <th>capital</th> <th>number</th> <th>column </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_CursiveSign.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠸ (braille pattern dots-456) U+2838"><img alt="⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Braille_CursiveSign.svg/40px-Braille_CursiveSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Braille_CursiveSign.svg/60px-Braille_CursiveSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Braille_CursiveSign.svg/80px-Braille_CursiveSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_DecimalPoint.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) U+2828"><img alt="⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_DecimalPoint.svg/40px-Braille_DecimalPoint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_DecimalPoint.svg/60px-Braille_DecimalPoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Braille_DecimalPoint.svg/80px-Braille_DecimalPoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_NumberSign.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C"><img alt="⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/40px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/60px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/80px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%89.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) U+283F"><img alt="⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Braille_%C3%89.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%89.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Columns marked with <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456) U+283F" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠿</span> are shown in the braille-chart image in the box, above right. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numbers_and_arithmetic">Numbers and arithmetic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Numbers and arithmetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numbers are the letters <i>a–j</i> introduced with <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span>, as in other alphabets. Arithmetical symbols are as follows. The lowered <i>g</i> used for parentheses in prose becomes an equal sign in arithmetic, where a symmetrical pair of parentheses is used instead:<sup id="cite_ref-pedlib_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pedlib-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Print </th> <th>+</th> <th>−</th> <th>×</th> <th>·</th> <th>:</th> <th>= </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Braille </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816"><img alt="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/40px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/60px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/80px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Hyphen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824"><img alt="⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/40px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/60px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Braille_Hyphen.svg/80px-Braille_Hyphen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteOpen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826"><img alt="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/40px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Apostrophe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804"><img alt="⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/40px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/60px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Braille_Apostrophe.svg/80px-Braille_Apostrophe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Period.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832"><img alt="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/40px-Braille_Period.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/60px-Braille_Period.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/80px-Braille_Period.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Bracket.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836"><img alt="⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/40px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/60px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_Bracket.svg/80px-Braille_Bracket.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Print </th> <th><</th> <th>></th> <th>(</th> <th>)</th> <th>√</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Braille </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%96.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A"><img alt="⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Braille_%C3%96.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_O.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135) U+2815"><img alt="⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/40px-Braille_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/60px-Braille_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/80px-Braille_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823"><img alt="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%84.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C"><img alt="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_SH.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) U+2829"><img alt="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/40px-Braille_SH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/60px-Braille_SH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/80px-Braille_SH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%9B.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831"><img alt="⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Braille_%C3%9B.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%9B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_NumberSign.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C"><img alt="⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/40px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/60px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Braille_NumberSign.svg/80px-Braille_NumberSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_J0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A"><img alt="⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/40px-Braille_J0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/60px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/80px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteClose.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) U+2834"><img alt="⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/40px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/60px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Braille_QuoteClose.svg/80px-Braille_QuoteClose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Arithmetical symbols are preceded but not followed by a space, with the exception of the multiplication dot. For example: </p> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1077953707">.mw-parser-output .brai_cell+.brai_cell{margin-left:2px}</style><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠦</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠛</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠲</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠙ (braille pattern dots-145) U+2819" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠙</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠶</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span> <dl><dd><dl><dd>6 × 7 : 14 = 3</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠉</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) U+2804" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠄</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠣</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠤ (braille pattern dots-36) U+2824" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠤</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245) U+281B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠛</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠜</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) U+2836" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠶</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) U+280B" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠋</span> <dl><dd><dl><dd>3 · (9 − 7) = 6</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) U+2829" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠩</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠱ (braille pattern dots-156) U+2831" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠱</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠚</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠚</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠚</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠚</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠪ (braille pattern dots-246) U+282A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠪</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) U+283C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠼</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) U+281A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠚</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠁ (braille pattern dots-1) U+2801" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠁</span> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {10000}}<101}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>10000</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo><</mo> <mn>101</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {10000}}<101}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf5f2d4817ff207b4a5e56a4032a345315de3690" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.334ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {10000}}<101}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extensions_for_other_languages">Extensions for other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Extensions for other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Extensions_for_other_languages"></span> In print, many languages of the ex–Soviet Union are written in Cyrillic alphabets derived from the Russian alphabet by adding new letters. Their braille alphabets are similarly derived from Russian Braille. The braille assignments for the letters found in Russian print are the same as in Russian Braille. However, there is no international consistency among the additional letters, apart from <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠽</span> <i>і</i>, which is used in Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Kazakh – and even then, Kyrgyz uses <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠽</span> for <i>ң (ŋ)</i>, and it might be that Tajik uses it for <i>қ (q)</i>. Generally not all of the Russian letters are used, except perhaps in Russian loans. Punctuation and formatting, as far as they are attested, agree with Russian Braille, though Kazakh Braille is reported to use the Russian arithmetical parentheses <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠣</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠀ (braille pattern blank) U+2800" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠀</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠜</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukrainian_Braille">Ukrainian Braille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ukrainian Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian Braille</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">Ukrainian</a> has the additional letters <i>і, ї, є, ґ.</i> The <i>є</i> is the mirror image of old Russian <i>э</i>, while <i>і</i> is the old Russian <i>і</i> (that is, it is the mirror image of <i>й</i>, making it the same as French/English <i>y</i>), and <i>ї</i> is old Russian <i><a href="/wiki/%D1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѣ">ѣ</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Є">є</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ґ">ґ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">і</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ï (Cyrillic)">ї</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%84.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C"><img alt="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unesco (2013) was unable to verify these values.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarusian_Braille">Belarusian Braille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Belarusian Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Belorussian_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Belorussian Braille">Belorussian Braille</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">Belarusian</a> has the additional letters <i>і</i> and <i>ў</i>. They are the mirror images of <i>й</i> and <i>у</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (November 2013)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">і</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ў">ў</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%92.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C"><img alt="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unesco (2013) was unable to verify these values.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kazakh_Braille">Kazakh Braille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kazakh Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh Braille</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> has the additional letters <i>ә, ғ, қ, ң, һ, ө, ү, ұ, і</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ә">ә</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">ғ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Қ">қ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ұ">ұ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Һ">һ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">і</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%84.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C"><img alt="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_SH.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146) U+2829"><img alt="⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/40px-Braille_SH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/60px-Braille_SH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Braille_SH.svg/80px-Braille_SH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823"><img alt="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ST.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C"><img alt="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/40px-Braille_ST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/60px-Braille_ST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/80px-Braille_ST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%92.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C"><img alt="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets#Correspondence_chart" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh alphabets#Correspondence chart</a> for the whole braille alphabet aligned with the Cyrillic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kyrgyz_Braille">Kyrgyz Braille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Kyrgyz Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz Braille</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a> has a subset of the Kazakh letters, <i>ң, ө, ү,</i> but with completely different braille values from the languages above:<sup id="cite_ref-unesco3_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ST.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C"><img alt="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/40px-Braille_ST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/60px-Braille_ST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/80px-Braille_ST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets#Correspondence_chart" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz alphabets#Correspondence chart</a> for the whole braille alphabet aligned with the Cyrillic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongolian_Braille">Mongolian Braille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mongolian Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian Braille</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> has <i>ө, ү,</i> but with different braille assignments again:<sup id="cite_ref-unesco3_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a> <i>ö</i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a> <i>ü</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These are two of the obsolete Russian Braille letters. The Mongolian vowel <i>ө (ö)</i> is coincidentally similar in print to the old Russian consonant <i>ѳ (th)</i>, and takes the latter's braille assignment; the Mongolian vowel <i>ү (ü)</i> takes the assignment of the old Russian vowel <i><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">yat</a></i>. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet</a> for the whole alphabet aligned with Cyrillic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tatar_Braille">Tatar Braille</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tatar Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar Braille</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_alphabets">Additional alphabets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Additional alphabets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unesco reported additional braille adaptations of Cyrillic in 1990, for <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>, but was not able to confirm them by 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco3_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The additional letters in the report are shown here, but like those of Ukrainian and Belarusian, they are unverified and should be treated with caution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tajik_Braille">Tajik Braille</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tajik Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Tajik </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Print</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">ғ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ӣ">ӣ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Қ">қ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ӯ">ӯ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҳ">ҳ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҷ">ҷ</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ST.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34) U+280C"><img alt="⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/40px-Braille_ST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/60px-Braille_ST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Braille_ST.svg/80px-Braille_ST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%92.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346) U+282C"><img alt="⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Braille_%C3%92.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkmen_Braille">Turkmen Braille</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Turkmen Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Turkmen </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Cyrillic</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ә">ә</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Җ">җ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Latin</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">ä</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C5%87" title="Ň">ň</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">ü</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126) U+2823"><img alt="⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Braille_%C3%8A.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%84.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C"><img alt="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uzbek_Braille">Uzbek Braille</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Uzbek Braille"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Uzbek </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Cyrillic</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">ғ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Қ">қ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ў">ў</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҳ">ҳ</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Latin</b></th> <th><a href="/wiki/G%CA%BB" title="Gʻ">gʻ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BB" title="Oʻ">oʻ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Braille</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456) U+283B"><img alt="⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_%C3%8F.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456) U+283D"><img alt="⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/40px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/60px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/80px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236) U+2827"><img alt="⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/40px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/60px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/80px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/40px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/60px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/80px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon-prayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Moon-prayer.jpg/220px-Moon-prayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Moon-prayer.jpg/330px-Moon-prayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Moon-prayer.jpg/440px-Moon-prayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1292" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption>A sample of <a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a> in various languages including Russian.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a> is a simplification of the Latin alphabet for embossing. An adaptation for Russian-reading blind people has been proposed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Шрифт Брайля</span></span>, <i><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">Shrift Braylya</i></span></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-萬明美-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-萬明美_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-萬明美_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616084231/http://specposobie.narod.ru/brail/">"РЕЛЬЕФНО-ТОЧЕЧНЫЙ ШРИФТ БРАЙЛЯ (RELIEF DOT BRAILLE FONT)"</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://specposobie.narod.ru/brail/">the original</a> on 2012-06-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%95%D0%A4%D0%9D%D0%9E-%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A7%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99+%D0%A8%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%A4%D0%A2+%D0%91%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%99%D0%9B%D0%AF+%28RELIEF+DOT+BRAILLE+FONT%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecposobie.narod.ru%2Fbrail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Braille" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 萬明美, 2001, 「視障教育」, 五南圖書出版股份有限公司, p. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pedlib-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pedlib_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pedlib_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pedlib_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pedlib.ru/Books/2/0353/2_0353-2.shtml">РЕЛЬЕФНО-ТОЧЕЧНЫЙ ШРИФТ БРАЙЛЯ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">note this is the mirror image of Braille y</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is possible this is just a copy error. However, the fact that Ukrainian <i>є</i> is the mirror image of this letter in both braille and print lends it credence.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">And thus <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1077953707"><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠲</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠲</span><span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠲</span> for ellipsis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leksika.com.ua/19340319/ure/braylya_shrift">БРАЙЛЯ ШРИФТ</a>, Leksika.com.ua<br />(ґ is not reported)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco3_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco3_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco3_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco3_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmabraille.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/World-Braille-Usage-Third-Edition-1.pdf">World Braille Usage</a>, UNESCO, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UNESCO (2013) has a <a href="/wiki/Typographical_error" title="Typographical error">typographic error</a> for <span class="brai_cell" title=" ⠊ (braille pattern dots-24) U+280A" style="background: #eaecf0;">⠊</span> <i>и</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_language" title="Template:Russian language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_language" title="Template talk:Russian language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_language" title="History of the Russian language">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic" title="Old East Slavic">Old East Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Russian language in Ukraine">In Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography">Orthography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spelling_rules" title="Russian spelling rules">Spelling rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">Reforms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">Romanization (transliteration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cursive" title="Russian cursive">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Russification" title="Computer Russification">Computer Russification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Morse code</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_grammar" title="Russian grammar">Grammar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_declension" title="Russian declension">Declension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animacy#Russian" title="Animacy">Animacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduplication_in_the_Russian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Reduplication in the Russian language">Reduplication</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Phonology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction_in_Russian" title="Vowel reduction in Russian">Vowel reduction</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pushkin_House" title="Pushkin House">Pushkin House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_formalism" title="Russian formalism">Formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Science fiction and fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_dialects" title="Russian dialects">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Russian_dialects" title="Northern Russian dialects">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomor_dialects" title="Pomor dialects">Pomor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Russian_dialects" title="Central Russian dialects">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_dialect" title="Moscow dialect">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russian_dialects" title="Southern Russian dialects">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balachka" title="Balachka">Balachka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgins, creoles, cants <br />and mixed languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Russian" title="Alaskan Russian">Alaskan Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenya" title="Fenya">Fenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyakhta_Russian%E2%80%93Chinese_Pidgin" title="Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin">Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mednyj_Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Mednyj Aleut">Mednyj Aleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padonkaffsky_jargon" title="Padonkaffsky jargon">Padonkaffsky jargon</a> (Olbanian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solombala_English%E2%80%93Russian_Pidgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Solombala English–Russian Pidgin">Solombala English–Russian Pidgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Russian_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of Russian speakers">Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Armenia#Russian" title="Languages of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Azerbaijan" title="Russian language in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Belarus" title="Russian language in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Israel" title="Russian language in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Latvia" title="Russian language in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Russian language in Ukraine">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_the_United_States" title="Russian language in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Russophone">Russophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Language_Institute" title="Russian Language Institute">Russian Language Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russkiy_Mir_Foundation" title="Russkiy Mir Foundation">Russkiy Mir Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runglish" title="Runglish">Runglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_language_topics" title="List of Russian language topics">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&oldid=1250241867">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&oldid=1250241867</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered braille alphabets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_language" title="Category:Russian language">Russian language</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_November_2013" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from November 2013">Articles lacking reliable references from November 2013</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 October 2024, at 07:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_Braille&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-759d5489db-n6bqr","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.853","walltime":"2.262","ppvisitednodes":{"value":114800,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":326502,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":52759,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":33249,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1980.759 1 -total"," 59.60% 1180.585 116 Template:Ifsubst"," 52.06% 1031.090 170 Template:Braille_cell/main"," 50.78% 1005.790 170 Template:Braille_cell/main2"," 43.39% 859.506 105 Template:Braille_cell"," 23.60% 467.498 170 Template:Braille_cell/core"," 19.64% 389.066 170 Template:Braille_cell/english\u0026amp;cell2dot-id"," 17.52% 346.964 11 Template:Bc"," 8.33% 165.031 1 Template:Efn"," 8.10% 160.383 2 Template:Lang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.346","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22550858,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-57b656c88b-j68mw","timestamp":"20241202172943","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Russian Braille","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Braille","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3399601","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3399601","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-04-19T21:38:32Z","dateModified":"2024-10-09T07:36:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/e\/ec\/Russian_Braille_chart.jpg","headline":"Braille equivalent of the Cyrillic script"}</script> </body> </html>