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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations_in_Western_Desert_Campaign,_1942–1943" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations_in_Western_Desert_Campaign,_1942–1943"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Operations in Western Desert Campaign, 1942–1943</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations_in_Western_Desert_Campaign,_1942–1943-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ninth_Air_Force_1943_to_June_1944" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ninth_Air_Force_1943_to_June_1944"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Ninth Air Force 1943 to June 1944</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ninth_Air_Force_1943_to_June_1944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_battle,_6_June_1944" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_battle,_6_June_1944"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Order of battle, 6 June 1944</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_battle,_6_June_1944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Operations_in_Europe_1944–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations_in_Europe_1944–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Operations in Europe 1944–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations_in_Europe_1944–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_demobilization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_demobilization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Postwar demobilization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_demobilization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CENTAF_and_the_1991_Gulf_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CENTAF_and_the_1991_Gulf_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>CENTAF and the 1991 Gulf War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CENTAF_and_the_1991_Gulf_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq_and_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq_and_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Iraq and Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq_and_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lineage_and_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lineage_and_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lineage and assignments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lineage_and_assignments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lineage and assignments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lineage_and_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Major components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II_Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>World War II Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USAF_Air_Divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USAF_Air_Divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>USAF Air Divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USAF_Air_Divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Known_Inactive_Air_Expeditionary_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Known_Inactive_Air_Expeditionary_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Known Inactive Air Expeditionary units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Known_Inactive_Air_Expeditionary_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_and_campaign_streamers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_and_campaign_streamers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Service and campaign streamers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_and_campaign_streamers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_commanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_commanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of commanders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_commanders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of commanders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_commanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AFCENT_Commanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AFCENT_Commanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>AFCENT Commanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AFCENT_Commanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9_AF/AFCENT_Commanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9_AF/AFCENT_Commanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>9 AF/AFCENT Commanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9_AF/AFCENT_Commanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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For the former active numbered air force from 2009 to 2020, see <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force_(2009%E2%80%932020)" title="Ninth Air Force (2009–2020)">Ninth Air Force (2009–2020)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_(Cold_War).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28Cold_War%29.png/220px-Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28Cold_War%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28Cold_War%29.png/330px-Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28Cold_War%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28Cold_War%29.png/440px-Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28Cold_War%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="971" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Shield of the Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 2020 – present (as Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central))<br />5 August 2009 – 20 August 2020 (as United States Air Forces Central Command)<br />1 March 2008 – 5 August 2009 (Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central))<br />26 June 1951 – 1 March 2008 (as Ninth Air Force)<br />1 August 1950 – 26 June 1951 (as Ninth Air Force (Tactical))<br />28 March 1946 - 1 August 1950<br />18 September 1942 - 2 December 1945 as Ninth Air Force)<br />8 April 1942 – 18 September 1942 (as 9 Air Force)<br />21 August 1941 – 8 April 1942 (as 5 Air Support Command)<br />(83 years, 3 months)<sup id="cite_ref-af.mil_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-af.mil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (26 September 1947 – present)<br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/23px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/35px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/46px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png 2x" data-file-width="2383" data-file-height="2358" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/23px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/35px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/46px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a>; 8 April 1942 – 26 September 1947)<sup id="cite_ref-af.mil_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-af.mil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force#Named_Air_Forces" title="Numbered Air Force">Named Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Provides combat-ready air forces and serves as the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Air_Component_Commander" title="Joint Force Air Component Commander">air component</a> to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Central_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Central Command">U.S. Central Command</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ACC_Shield.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ACC_Shield.svg/23px-ACC_Shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ACC_Shield.svg/35px-ACC_Shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ACC_Shield.svg/46px-ACC_Shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="505" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_CENTCOM_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Official_CENTCOM_Seal.png/23px-Official_CENTCOM_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Official_CENTCOM_Seal.png/35px-Official_CENTCOM_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Official_CENTCOM_Seal.png/46px-Official_CENTCOM_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Air_Force_Base" title="Shaw Air Force Base">Shaw Air Force Base</a>, South Carolina, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><i>See list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_-_American_Campaign_Streamer_(Plain).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/World_War_II_-_American_Campaign_Streamer_%28Plain%29.png/200px-World_War_II_-_American_Campaign_Streamer_%28Plain%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/World_War_II_-_American_Campaign_Streamer_%28Plain%29.png/300px-World_War_II_-_American_Campaign_Streamer_%28Plain%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/World_War_II_-_American_Campaign_Streamer_%28Plain%29.png/400px-World_War_II_-_American_Campaign_Streamer_%28Plain%29.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">World War II - American Theater</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Streamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Streamer.jpg/200px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Streamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Streamer.jpg/300px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Streamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Streamer.jpg/400px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Streamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">World War II - European-African-Middle Eastern Theater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert Campaign">Egypt-Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian Campaign">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_advance_from_Paris_to_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes-Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Central Europe</a></li></ul> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southwest_Asia_Service_Streamer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Southwest_Asia_Service_Streamer.png/200px-Southwest_Asia_Service_Streamer.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Southwest_Asia_Service_Streamer.png/300px-Southwest_Asia_Service_Streamer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Southwest_Asia_Service_Streamer.png/400px-Southwest_Asia_Service_Streamer.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Gulf War">Southwest Asia</a> <ul><li>Defense of Saudi Arabia</li> <li>Liberation and Defense of Kuwait</li> <li>Southwest Asia Ceasefire</li></ul> <sup id="cite_ref-af.mil_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-af.mil-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Decorations</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_-_Stremer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/US_Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_-_Stremer.jpg/200px-US_Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_-_Stremer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/US_Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_-_Stremer.jpg/300px-US_Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_-_Stremer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/US_Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_-_Stremer.jpg/400px-US_Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_-_Stremer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Outstanding Unit Award">Air Force Outstanding Unit Award</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award_Streamer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award_Streamer.png/200px-Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award_Streamer.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award_Streamer.png/300px-Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award_Streamer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award_Streamer.png/400px-Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award_Streamer.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Organizational Excellence Award">Air Force Organizational Excellence Award</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afcent.af.mil">www<wbr />.afcent<wbr />.af<wbr />.mil</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Commander</th><td class="infobox-data">Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Derek_France" title="Derek France">Derek France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Deputy Commander</th><td class="infobox-data">Maj Gen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtis_R._Bass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtis R. Bass (page does not exist)">Curtis R. Bass</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Command Chief Master Sergeant</th><td class="infobox-data">CMSgt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_J._Wiener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua J. Wiener (page does not exist)">Joshua J. Wiener</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_H._Brereton" title="Lewis H. Brereton">Lewis H. Brereton</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Vandenberg" title="Hoyt Vandenberg">Hoyt Vandenberg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._North" title="Gary L. North">Gary L. North</a><br /><a href="/wiki/David_L._Goldfein" title="David L. Goldfein">David L. Goldfein</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Donavon_F._Smith" title="Donavon F. Smith">Donavon F. Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">United States Air Forces Central Command emblem</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command_-_Emblem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command_-_Emblem.png/150px-United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command_-_Emblem.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command_-_Emblem.png/225px-United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command_-_Emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command_-_Emblem.png/300px-United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command_-_Emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="901" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central)</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Numbered Air Force</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Air_Force_Base" title="Shaw Air Force Base">Shaw Air Force Base</a>, South Carolina. It is the Air Force Service Component of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> (USCENTCOM), a joint Department of Defense <a href="/wiki/Unified_Combatant_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Combatant Command">combatant command</a> responsible for U.S. security interests in 27 nations that stretch from the Horn of Africa through the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> region, into Central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-NAFHRA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAFHRA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Activated as 9th Air Force on 8 April 1942, the command fought in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> both in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert Campaign">Western Desert Campaign</a> in Egypt and Libya and as the tactical fighter component of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Air_Forces_in_Europe" title="United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe">United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe</a>, engaging enemy forces in France, the Low Countries and in Nazi Germany. During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, it was one of two Numbered Air Forces of <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a>. </p><p>Co-designated as United States Central Command Air Forces (CENTAF) on 1 January 1983, on 2009 as part of a complicated transfer of lineage, the lineage and history of the Ninth Air Force was bestowed on USAFCENT, and a new Ninth Air Force, which technically had no previous history, was activated. On 20 August 2020, the 9 AF designation was returned to USAFCENT with the deactivation of the 2009 established 9 AF.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has fought in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Gulf War">1991 Gulf War</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> (OEF-A, 2001–present), the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (OIF, 2003–2010), as well as various engagements within USCENTCOM. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>United States Air Forces Central is the direct descendant organization of Ninth Air Force, established in 1941. AFCENT was formed as the United States Central Command Air Forces (CENTAF) under <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a> (TAC). CENTAF initially consisted of designated United States Air Force elements of the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Deployment_Joint_Task_Force" title="Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force">Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force</a> (RDJTF) which was inactivated and reformed as USCENTCOM in 1983. </p><p>On 1 March 2008 USCENTAF was redesignated USAFCENT.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It shared its commander with Ninth Air Force until August 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ninth Air Force was redesignated USAFCENT on 5 August 2009. A new Ninth Air Force was established that date for command and control of CONUS-based Air Combat Command units formerly assigned to the previous Ninth Air Force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Establishment">Establishment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the summer of 1941 <a href="/wiki/General_Headquarters_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="General Headquarters Air Force">General Headquarters Air Force</a> (GHQ AF) decided to establish commands to direct its <a href="/wiki/Air_support" class="mw-redirect" title="Air support">air support</a> mission in each of its <a href="/wiki/Numbered_air_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Numbered air force">numbered air forces</a>, plus one additional command that would report directly to GHQ AF. These commands were manned from inactivating <a href="/wiki/Wing_(military_aviation_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing (military aviation unit)">wings</a>, and would initially control only observation squadrons, which would be transferred from the control of the corps and divisions, although they would remain attached to these ground units.<sup id="cite_ref-Futrell13_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Futrell13-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GHQ AF organized <b>5th Air Support Command</b> at <a href="/wiki/Bowman_Field_(Kentucky)" title="Bowman Field (Kentucky)">Bowman Field</a>, Kentucky in September 1941, drawing its personnel and equipment from the <a href="/wiki/16th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Bombardment Wing">16th Bombardment Wing</a>, which was simultaneously inactivated.<sup id="cite_ref-Maurer9AF_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maurer9AF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Futrell13_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Futrell13-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New observation groups were formed, with a <a href="/wiki/Cadre_(military)" title="Cadre (military)">cadre</a> drawn from <a href="/wiki/National_Guard" title="National Guard">National Guard</a> squadrons that had been mobilized in 1940 and 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Futrell13_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Futrell13-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5th Air Support Command was redesignated as 9th Air Force in April 1942. It moved to <a href="/wiki/Bolling_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolling Field">Bolling Field</a>, DC on 22 July and transferred without personnel or equipment to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt on 12 November 1942. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operations_in_Western_Desert_Campaign,_1942–1943"><span id="Operations_in_Western_Desert_Campaign.2C_1942.E2.80.931943"></span>Operations in Western Desert Campaign, 1942–1943</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operations in Western Desert Campaign, 1942–1943"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eame-map-ww2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Eame-map-ww2.jpg/220px-Eame-map-ww2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Eame-map-ww2.jpg/330px-Eame-map-ww2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Eame-map-ww2.jpg/440px-Eame-map-ww2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>USAAF Air Forces in the European-African-Middle Eastern Theater, 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 1942, the German <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a> advance in North Africa forced the <a href="/wiki/British_Eighth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="British Eighth Army">British Eighth Army</a> to retreat towards Egypt putting British <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Command" title="Middle East Command">Middle East Command</a> at risk. The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) had already planned for a buildup of American air power in the Middle East in January 1942 in response to a request from the British <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Air Staff</a>, but the first units arrived unexpectedly on 12 June 1942. Col. Harry A. Halverson, commanding twenty-three B-24D Liberator heavy bombers and a hand-picked crews (as a force called HALPRO – from "<a href="/wiki/Halverson_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Halverson Project">Halverson Project</a>") was stopped at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Lydda" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Lydda">RAF Lydda</a> en route to China to carry out attacks on Japan from airfields in China, but after the fall of <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Rangoon</a> the Burma Road was cut, so the detachment could not be logistically supported in China. HALPRO was quickly diverted from its original mission to a new one—interdictory raids from airfields in Egypt against shipping and North African ports supporting Axis operations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:376bg-b24-libya-1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/376bg-b24-libya-1943.jpg/220px-376bg-b24-libya-1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/376bg-b24-libya-1943.jpg/330px-376bg-b24-libya-1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/376bg-b24-libya-1943.jpg/440px-376bg-b24-libya-1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>B-24 Liberator of the 376th Bomb Group taking off from a Libyan base, 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>On 28 June 1942, Major General <a href="/wiki/Lewis_H._Brereton" title="Lewis H. Brereton">Lewis H. Brereton</a> arrived at Cairo to command the U.S. Army Middle East Air Force (USAMEAF), which was activated immediately. USAMEAF comprised the former Halverson Project now the 1st Provisional Bombardment Group, Brereton's detachment (<a href="/wiki/9th_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Bombardment Squadron">9th Bombardment Squadron</a> (Heavy) and other personnel which Brereton brought from India), and the Air Section of the U.S. Military North African Mission. Several USAAF units were sent to join USAMEAF during next weeks in the destruction of Rommel's Afrika Korps by support to ground troops and secure sea and air communications in the Mediterranean. </p><p>In September 1942, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Middle_East_Command" title="RAF Middle East Command">RAF Middle East Command</a>'s Senior Air Staff Officer, Air Commodore<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Wigglesworth" title="Philip Wigglesworth">Philip. Wigglesworth</a> was authorized by Air Chief Marshal <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tedder,_1st_Baron_Tedder" title="Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder">Sir Arthur Tedder</a> to select targets for all U.S. heavy bombers. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"A development of some importance in the career of USAMEAF manifested itself administratively on 12 October (1942) when orders were cut assigning nine officers to the <a href="/wiki/IX_Bomber_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="IX Bomber Command">IX Bomber Command</a>, which organization was then and for a month afterwards unofficial. This command had its roots in a discussion on 5 September between Tedder's senior air staff officer, Air Vice Marshal H. E. P. Wigglesworth, and G-3 officers of USAMEAF, during which Wigglesworth asserted that he had control, delegated by Tedder, over the target selection for the U.S. heavy bombers. Col. Patrick W. Timberlake, G-3 of Brereton's staff, took a serious view of this assertion in that it violated the Arnold-Portal-Towers agreement that American combat units assigned to theaters of British strategic responsibility were to be organized in "homogeneous American formations" under the "strategic control" of the appropriate British commander in chief. In a memo of 7 September, Timberlake granted that this canon might be justifiably violated in the case of the <a href="/wiki/12th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Bombardment Group">12th Bombardment</a> and 57th Fighter Groups, but he could see no reason why operational control of the 1st Provisional and 98th Groups, comprising four-fifths of the heavy bomber force in the Middle East, should not be vested in American hands. Subsequent negotiations carried the point with the British, who even turned over their <a href="/wiki/No._160_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 160 Squadron RAF">160 Squadron</a> (Liberators) to the operational control of IX Bomber Command. On 12 October a small staff moved into Grey Pillars [RAF headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Cairo" title="Garden City, Cairo">Garden City, Cairo</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>], and thenceforth USAMEAF's bombers operated only under the "strategic" direction of the British. Timberlake headed the organization, with Kalberer as his A-3 and Lt. Col. Donald M. Keiser as his chief of staff."—The Army Air Forces in World War II<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery,_1st_Viscount_Montgomery_of_Alamein" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein">Bernard Montgomery</a> attacks by British troops depleted the Axis tanks and Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a> began the withdrawal from Egypti. </p><p>Ninth Air Force had been first constituted as V Air Support Command, part of <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Combat_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Combat Command">Air Force Combat Command</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Bowman_Field_(Kentucky)" title="Bowman Field (Kentucky)">Bowman Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> on 11 September 1941. Its responsibility was to direct and coordinate the training activities of National Guard observation squadrons inducted into federal service with those of light bomber units training with the <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces" title="Army Ground Forces">Army Ground Forces</a>. However a lack of unity of command in the organizational set-up led to an early discontinuation of the "air support commands" and V Air Support Command was redesignated as Ninth Air Force in April 1942. </p><p>It moved to <a href="/wiki/Bolling_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolling Field">Bolling Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, on 22 July and transferred without personnel or equipment to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> on 12 November 1942. The Ninth Air Force mission comprised: (1) Gain air superiority; (2) Deny the enemy the ability to replenish or replace losses, and (3) Offer ground forces close support in North-East Africa. On 12 November 1942, the US Army Middle East Air Force was dissolved and replaced by HQ Ninth Air Force, commanded by Lieutenant General Lewis H. Brereton. At that time, the Ninth Air Force consisted of:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IX_Bomber_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="IX Bomber Command">IX Bomber Command</a> (Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Patrick_W_Timberlake" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick W Timberlake">Patrick W Timberlake</a>) at Ismailia, Egypt,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Fighter_Command" title="IX Fighter Command">IX Fighter Command</a> (Colonel John C Kilborn) en route to Egypt,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Air_Service_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="IX Air Service Command">IX Air Service Command</a> (Brigadier General Elmer E Adler).</li></ul> <p>By the end of 1942 a total of 370 aircraft had been ferried to the Ninth Air Force. While the great majority were P-40s, <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Consolidated B-24 Liberators</a> (The original <a href="/wiki/Halverson_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Halverson Project">Halverson Detachment (HALPRO)</a>, 98th Bombardment Group, 376th Bombardment Group, and RAF units), and B-25 Mitchells (12th) and <a href="/wiki/340th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="340th Bombardment Group">340th</a> Bombardment Groups), there were also more than 50 twin-engine transports (<a href="/wiki/316th_Troop_Carrier_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="316th Troop Carrier Group">316th Troop Carrier Group</a>), which made it possible to build an effective local air transport service. Ninth Air Force P-40F fighters (<a href="/wiki/57th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="57th Fighter Group">57th</a>, <a href="/wiki/79th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="79th Fighter Group">79th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/324th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="324th Fighter Group">324th</a> Fighter Groups) supported the <a href="/wiki/British_Eighth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="British Eighth Army">British Eighth Army</a>'s drive across Egypt and Libya, escorting bombers and flying strafing and dive-bombing missions against airfields, communications, and troop concentrations. Other targets attacked were shipping and harbor installations in Libya, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Italy, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, and Greece to cut enemy supply lines to Africa. The <a href="/wiki/Operation_Flax#Palm_Sunday_Massacre" title="Operation Flax">Palm Sunday Massacre</a> was one noteworthy mission by the P-40 and Spitfire groups.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After an Allied air forces command reorganisation effective 18 February 1943, the Ninth Air Force began to report to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Middle_East_Command" title="RAF Middle East Command">RAF Middle East Command</a> (RAFME) under Air Chief Marshal <a href="/wiki/Sholto_Douglas,_1st_Baron_Douglas_of_Kirtleside" title="Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside">Sir Sholto Douglas</a>. Additionally, the Ninth's 57th, 79th, and 324th Fighter Groups and its 12th and 340th Bombardment Groups were transferred to the operational control of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_African_Tactical_Air_Force" title="Northwest African Tactical Air Force">Northwest African Tactical Air Force</a> (NATAF) under the command of Air Vice-Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Coningham_(RAF_officer)" title="Arthur Coningham (RAF officer)">Arthur Coningham</a>. The Ninth's 316th Troop Carrier Group flew its missions with the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_African_Troop_Carrier_Command" title="Northwest African Troop Carrier Command">Northwest African Troop Carrier Command</a> (NATCC). </p><p>In February 1943, after the <i>Afrika Korps</i> had been driven into <a href="/wiki/Tunisia_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisia Campaign">Tunisia</a>, the Germans took the offensive and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kasserine_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Kasserine Pass">pushed through the Kasserine Pass</a> before being stopped with the help of both Ninth and Twelfth Air Force units in the battle. The Allies drove the enemy back into a pocket around <a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Bizerte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, where Axis forces surrendered in May. Thus, Tunisia became available for launching attacks on Pantelleria (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Corkscrew" title="Operation Corkscrew">Operation Corkscrew</a>), Sicily (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Husky" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Husky">Operation Husky</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">mainland Italy</a>. </p><p>At the time of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Husky" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Husky">Operation Husky</a>, the invasion of Sicily on 10 July 1943, Ninth Air Force Headquarters was still based at Cairo in Egypt while the Headquarters of Ninth Fighter Command and IX Bomber Command were stationed at Tripoli and Benghazi, Libya, respectively. During this critical period of World War II when the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> forces finally left North Africa for Europe, the groups of the Ninth Air Force consisted of:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>12th Bombardment Group at Sfax el Mau, Tunisia with B-25 Mitchells (81st, 82d, 83d, & 434th Bombardment Squadrons)</li> <li>340th Bombardment Group at Sfax South, Tunisia with B-25 Mitchells (486th, 487th, 488th, & 489th Bombardment Squadrons)</li> <li>57th Fighter Group at Hani Main, Tunisia with P-40F Warhawks (64th, 65th, & 66th Fighter Squadrons)</li> <li>79th Fighter Group at Causeway Landing Ground, Tunisia with P-40F Warhawks (85th, 86th, & 87th Fighter Squadrons)</li> <li>324th Fighter Group with P-40F Warhawks (314th Squadron at Hani Main, 315th Squadron at Kabrit, Egypt, & 316th Squadron at Causeway).</li> <li>98th Bombardment Group with B-24D Liberators (343rd & 344th Squadrons at Lete, Libya; 345th & 415th Squadrons at Benina, Libya)</li> <li>376th Bombardment Group at Berka, Tunisia with B-24D Liberators (512th, 513th, 514th, & 515th Bombardment Squadrons)</li> <li>316th Troop Carrier Group at Deversoir, Egypt with C-47s, C-53s and DC3s (36th, 37th, & 44th Squadrons at Deversoir, Egypt; 45th Squadron at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Castel_Benito" title="RAF Castel Benito">Castel Benito</a>, Libya).</li></ul> <p>During most of 1943, the Ninth Air Force was officially assigned to RAF Middle East Command of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Air_Command" title="Mediterranean Air Command">Mediterranean Air Command</a>. However, the Ninth's 12th and 340th Bombardment Groups were assigned to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Bomber_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Bomber Force (page does not exist)">Tactical Bomber Force</a>, the 57th and 79th Fighter Groups were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Desert_Air_Force" title="Desert Air Force">Desert Air Force</a>, and the 324th Fighter Group was surprisingly<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> assigned to <a href="/wiki/XII_Air_Support_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="XII Air Support Command">XII Air Support Command</a>. The Tactical Bomber Force under Air Commodore <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Frank_Sinclair" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence Frank Sinclair">Laurence Sinclair</a>, the Desert Air Force under Air Vice Marshal <a href="/wiki/Harry_Broadhurst" title="Harry Broadhurst">Harry Broadhurst</a>, and XII Air Support Command under Major General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin House (page does not exist)">Edwin House</a> were sub-commands of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_African_Tactical_Air_Force" title="Northwest African Tactical Air Force">Northwest African Tactical Air Force</a> (NATAF) under Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham. NATAF was one of the three major sub-commands of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_African_Air_Forces" title="Northwest African Air Forces">Northwest African Air Forces</a> (NAAF) under Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spaatz" title="Carl Spaatz">Carl Spaatz</a>. NATAF, <a href="/wiki/Northwest_African_Strategic_Air_Force" title="Northwest African Strategic Air Force">Northwest African Strategic Air Force</a> (NASAF) and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_African_Coastal_Air_Force" title="Northwest African Coastal Air Force">Northwest African Coastal Air Force</a> (NACAF), formed the classic <i>tri-force</i>, the basis for the creation of NAAF in February 1943. </p><p>Ninth Air Force groups attacked airfields and rail facilities in Sicily and took part in Operation Husky, carried paratroopers, and flew reinforcements to ground units on the island. The heavy bombardment groups (B-24s) of the Ninth also participated in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave" title="Operation Tidal Wave">low-level assault of the oil refineries at Ploesti</a>, Romania on 1 August 1943. </p><p>On 22 August 1943 the following groups were transferred from the Ninth Air Force to the Twelfth Air Force: </p> <ul><li>12th Bombardment Group (Medium) at Gerbini, Sicily with B-25s</li> <li>57th Fighter Group on Sicily with P-40s</li> <li>79th Fighter Group on Sicily with P-40s</li> <li>324th Fighter Group at El Haouaria, Tunisia with P-40s and</li> <li>340th Bombardment Group (Medium) at Comiso, Sicily with B-25s</li></ul> <p>The 316th Troop Carrier Group was operating under <a href="/wiki/Northwest_African_Troop_Carrier_Command" title="Northwest African Troop Carrier Command">Northwest African Troop Carrier Command</a> with C-47 Dakotas and CG4A Waco Gliders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ninth_Air_Force_1943_to_June_1944">Ninth Air Force 1943 to June 1944</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ninth Air Force 1943 to June 1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concurrently with the reassignment of Ninth Air Force formations in the Mediterranean to Twelfth Air Force, plans were afoot in Britain to move <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a>'s medium bomber units to a separate command. This command was offered to Brereton, who accepted, and the force was constituted, also as Ninth Air Force, on 16 October 1943. </p><p>During the winter of 1943–1944 Ninth Air Force expanded at an extraordinary rate, so that by the end of May, its complement ran to 45 flying groups operating some 5,000 aircraft. With the necessary ground support units, the total number of personnel assigned to Ninth Air Force would be more than 200,000, a total greater than that of Eighth Air Force. </p><p>HQ Ninth Air Force extended IX Bomber Command's choice of targets considerably, although first priority for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pointblank" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Pointblank">Operation Pointblank</a> [the <a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Combined Bomber Offensive</a> (CBO) of US and RAF air forces against the Luftwaffe and German aircraft industry] and next priority for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Operation Crossbow</a> (codename for operations against German V-weapon sites) targets was maintained.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. and British Air Forces aimed to defeat the German <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> in the air and on the ground, to bring about complete air supremacy prior to the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">invasion of Normandy</a>. Operational missions involved attacks on rail marshaling yards, railroads, airfields, industrial plants, military installations, and other enemy targets in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Other targets were German <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a> defenses along the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> coast of France. </p><p>On 4 January 1944 XIX Air Support Command was activated at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Middle_Wallop" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Middle Wallop">RAF Middle Wallop</a> to support Patton's Third Army in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1944 the Ninth Air Force underwent a reorganization and several troop carrier groups relocated headquarters. Major General <a href="/wiki/Otto_P._Weyland" title="Otto P. Weyland">Otto P. Weyland</a> became commanding general of XIX Air Support Command, replacing Major General Elwood R Quesada. The latter assumed dual command of both IX Fighter Command and the IX Air Support Command, which took control of all its fighter and reconnaissance units. HQ IX Air Support Command changed from Aldermaston Court to Middle Wallop. </p><p>Major General <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Williams_(US_general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul L. Williams (US general)">Paul L. Williams</a>, who had commanded the troop carrier operations in Sicily and Italy, replaced Giles in command of IX Troop Carrier Command.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IX TCC command and staff officers were an excellent mix of combat veterans from those earlier assaults, and a few key officers were held over for continuity. The groups assigned were a mixture of experience, but training would be needed to confront the expected massive movements of troops of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions. </p><p>On 18 April 1944, the IX and XIX Air Support Commands were redesignated, respectively, as <a href="/wiki/IX_Tactical_Air_Command" title="IX Tactical Air Command">IX Tactical Air Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/XIX_Tactical_Air_Command" title="XIX Tactical Air Command">XIX Tactical Air Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1 May and the invasion on 6 June, the Ninth flew approximately 35,000 sorties, attacking targets such as airfields, railroad yards, and coastal gun positions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of May 1944, the IX TCC had available 1,207 C-47 Skytrain troop carrier airplanes and was one-third overstrength, creating a strong reserve. Three-quarters of the aircraft were less than one year old on D-Day, and all were in excellent condition. Gliders were incorporated, Over 2,100 CG-4 Waco gliders had been sent to the UK, and after attrition during training operations, 1,118 were available for operations, along with 301 larger <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Horsa" title="Airspeed Horsa">Airspeed Horsa</a> gliders received from the British. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_of_battle,_6_June_1944"><span id="Order_of_battle.2C_6_June_1944"></span>Order of battle, 6 June 1944</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Order of battle, 6 June 1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/IX_Bomber_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="IX Bomber Command">IX Bomber Command</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/97th_Bombardment_Wing_(U.S._Army_Air_Forces)" title="97th Bombardment Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces)">97th Bombardment Wing</a> (Light) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/409th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="409th Air Expeditionary Group">409th Bombardment Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/A-20_Havoc" class="mw-redirect" title="A-20 Havoc">A-20</a>) <ul><li>640th Bombardment Squadron (W5)</li> <li>641st Bombardment Squadron (7G)</li> <li>642d Bombardment Squadron (D6)</li> <li>643d Bombardment Squadron (5I)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="410th Air Expeditionary Wing">410th Bombardment Group</a> (A-20) <ul><li>644th Bombardment Squadron (5Q)</li> <li>645th Bombardment Squadron (7X)</li> <li>646th Bombardment Squadron (8U)</li> <li>647th Bombardment Squadron (6Q)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/416th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="416th Air Expeditionary Wing">416th Bombardment Group</a> (A-20) <ul><li>668th Bombardment Squadron (5H)</li> <li>669th Bombardment Squadron (2A)</li> <li>670th Bombardment Squadron (F6)</li> <li>671st Bombardment Squadron (5C)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Bombardment_Wing_(U.S._Army_Air_Forces)" class="mw-redirect" title="98th Bombardment Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces)">98th Bombardment Wing</a> (Medium) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/323rd_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="323rd Air Expeditionary Wing">323d Bombardment Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/B-26_Marauder" class="mw-redirect" title="B-26 Marauder">B-26</a>) <ul><li>453d Bombardment Squadron (VT)</li> <li>454th Bombardment Squadron (RJ)</li> <li>455th Bombardment Squadron (YU)</li> <li>456th Bombardment Squadron (WT)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/387th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="387th Air Expeditionary Group">387th Bombardment Group</a> (B-26) <ul><li>556th Bombardment Squadron (FW)</li> <li>557th Bombardment Squadron (KS)</li> <li>558th Bombardment Squadron (KX)</li> <li>559th Bombardment Squadron (TQ)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/106th_Rescue_Wing" title="106th Rescue Wing">394th Bombardment Group</a> (B-26) <ul><li>584th Bombardment Squadron (K5)</li> <li>585th Bombardment Squadron (4T)</li> <li>586th Bombardment Squadron (H9)</li> <li>587th Bombardment Squadron (5W)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/397th_Bombardment_Wing" title="397th Bombardment Wing">397th Bombardment Group</a> (B-26) <ul><li>596th Bombardment Squadron (X2)</li> <li>597th Bombardment Squadron (9F)</li> <li>598th Bombardment Squadron (U2</li> <li>599th Bombardment Squadron (6B)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>99th Bombardment Wing (Medium) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/322nd_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="322nd Air Expeditionary Group">322d Bombardment Group</a> (B-26) <ul><li>449th Bombardment Squadron (PN)</li> <li>450th Bombardment Squadron (ER)</li> <li>451st Bombardment Squadron (SS)</li> <li>452nd Bombardment Squadron (DR)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="126th Air Refueling Wing">344th Bombardment Group</a> (B-26) <ul><li>494th Bombardment Squadron (K9)</li> <li>495th Bombardment Squadron (Y5)</li> <li>496th Bombardment Squadron (N3)</li> <li>497th Bombardment Squadron (7L)</li> <li>1st Pathfinder Squadron (Provisional)<sup id="cite_ref-1st_Pathfinder_Squadron_(Provisional)_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1st_Pathfinder_Squadron_(Provisional)-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/386th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="386th Air Expeditionary Wing">386th Bombardment Group</a> (B-26) <ul><li>552d Bombardment Squadron (RG)</li> <li>553d Bombardment Squadron (AN)</li> <li>554th Bombardment Squadron (RU)</li> <li>555th Bombardment Squadron (YA)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/111th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="111th Fighter Wing">391st Bombardment Group</a> (B-26) <ul><li>572d Bombardment Squadron (P2)</li> <li>573d Bombardment Squadron (T6)</li> <li>574th Bombardment Squadron (4L)</li> <li>575th Bombardment Squadron (O8)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/IX_Fighter_Command" title="IX Fighter Command">IX Fighter Command</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IX_Tactical_Air_Command" title="IX Tactical Air Command">IX Tactical Air Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/70th_Fighter_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="70th Fighter Wing (World War II)">70th Fighter Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/48th_Operations_Group" title="48th Operations Group">48th Fighter Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" class="mw-redirect" title="P-47 Thunderbolt">P-47</a>) <ul><li>492d Fighter Squadron (F4)</li> <li>493d Fighter Squadron (I7)</li> <li>494th Fighter Squadron (6M)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/133d_Operations_Group" title="133d Operations Group">367th Fighter Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/P-38_Lightning" class="mw-redirect" title="P-38 Lightning">P-38</a>) <ul><li>392d Fighter Squadron (H5)</li> <li>393d Fighter Squadron (8L)</li> <li>394th Fighter Squadron (4N)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/142nd_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="142nd Fighter Wing">371st Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>404th Fighter Squadron (9Q)</li> <li>405th Fighter Squadron (8N)</li> <li>406th Fighter Squadron (4W)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/474th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="474th Air Expeditionary Group">474th Fighter Group</a> (P-38) <ul><li>428th Fighter Squadron (F5)</li> <li>429th Fighter Squadron (7Y)</li> <li>430th Fighter Squadron (K6)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Fighter_Wing" title="71st Fighter Wing">71st Fighter Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/366th_Operations_Group" title="366th Operations Group">366th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>389th Fighter Squadron (A6)</li> <li>390th Fighter Squadron (B2)</li> <li>391st Fighter Squadron (A8)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/136th_Airlift_Wing" title="136th Airlift Wing">368th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>359th Fighter Squadron (A7)</li> <li>396th Fighter Squadron (C2)</li> <li>397th Fighter Squadron (D3)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/140th_Operations_Group" title="140th Operations Group">370th Fighter Group</a> (P-38) <ul><li>401st Fighter Squadron (9D)</li> <li>402nd Fighter Squadron (E6)</li> <li>485th Fighter Squadron (7F)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84th_Fighter_Wing_(World_War_II)" title="84th Fighter Wing (World War II)">84th Fighter Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50th_Operations_Group" title="50th Operations Group">50th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>10th Fighter Squadron (T5)</li> <li>81st Fighter Squadron (2N)</li> <li>313th Fighter Squadron (W3)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/132nd_Wing" title="132nd Wing">365th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>386th Fighter Squadron (D5)</li> <li>387th Fighter Squadron (B4)</li> <li>388th Fighter Squadron (C4)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/137th_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="137th Operations Group">404th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>506th Fighter Squadron (4K)</li> <li>507th Fighter Squadron (Y8)</li> <li>508th Fighter Squadron (7J)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="405th Air Expeditionary Group">405th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>509th Fighter Squadron (G9)</li> <li>510th Fighter Squadron (2Z)</li> <li>511th Fighter Squadron (K4)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIX_Tactical_Air_Command" title="XIX Tactical Air Command">XIX Tactical Air Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100th_Fighter_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="100th Fighter Wing (World War II)">100th Fighter Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/354th_Fighter_Group" title="354th Fighter Group">354th Fighter Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/P-51_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51 Mustang">P-51</a>) <ul><li>353d Fighter Squadron (FT)</li> <li>354th Fighter Squadron (GQ)</li> <li>355th Fighter Squadron (AJ)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="122d Fighter Wing">358th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>365th Fighter Squadron (CH)</li> <li>366th Fighter Squadron (IA)</li> <li>367th Fighter Squadron (CP)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/128th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="128th Air Refueling Wing">362d Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>377th Fighter Squadron (E4)</li> <li>378th Fighter Squadron (G8)</li> <li>379th Fighter Squadron (B8)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363d_Air_Expeditionary_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="363d Air Expeditionary Operations Group">363d Fighter Group</a> (P-51) <ul><li>380th Fighter Squadron (A9)</li> <li>381st Fighter Squadron (B3)</li> <li>382d Fighter Squadron (C3)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/303d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="303d Fighter Wing">303d Fighter Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/36th_Wing" title="36th Wing">36th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>22d Fighter Squadron (3T)</li> <li>23d Fighter Squadron (7U)</li> <li>53d Fighter Squadron (6V)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/373d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="373d Fighter Group">373d Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>410th Fighter Squadron (R3)</li> <li>411th Fighter Squadron (U9)</li> <li>412th Fighter Squadron (V5)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="406th Air Expeditionary Wing">406th Fighter Group</a> (P-47) <ul><li>512th Fighter Squadron (L3)</li> <li>513th Fighter Squadron (4P)</li> <li>514th Fighter Squadron (O7)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Air_Base_Wing" title="10th Air Base Wing">10th Photo Reconnaissance Group</a> (F-3/F-5/F-6) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30th_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="30th Reconnaissance Squadron">30th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Photographic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="31st Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron">31st Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33d_Photographic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="33d Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron">33d Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126th_Air_Refueling_Squadron" title="126th Air Refueling Squadron">34th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="45th Reconnaissance Squadron">155th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/IX_Troop_Carrier_Command" title="IX Troop Carrier Command">IX Troop Carrier Command</a></b> <ul><li>1st Pathfinder Group (Provisional)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="50th Air Division">50th Troop Carrier Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/439th_Operations_Group" title="439th Operations Group">439th Troop Carrier Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/C-47_Skytrain" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47 Skytrain">C-47/C-53</a>) <ul><li>91st Troop Carrier Squadron (L4)</li> <li>92d Troop Carrier Squadron (J8)</li> <li>93d Troop Carrier Squadron (3B)</li> <li>94th Troop Carrier Squadron (D8)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/440th_Operations_Group" title="440th Operations Group">440th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>95th Troop Carrier Squadron (9X)</li> <li>96th Troop Carrier Squadron (6Z)</li> <li>97th Troop Carrier Squadron (W6)</li> <li>98th Troop Carrier Squadron (8Y)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441st_Troop_Carrier_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="441st Troop Carrier Wing">441st Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>99th Troop Carrier Squadron (3J)</li> <li>100th Troop Carrier Squadron (8C)</li> <li>301st Troop Carrier Squadron (Z4)</li> <li>302d Troop Carrier Squadron (2L)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/442d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="442d Operations Group">442d Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>303d Troop Carrier Squadron (J7)</li> <li>304th Troop Carrier Squadron (V4)</li> <li>305th Troop Carrier Squadron (4J)</li> <li>306th Troop Carrier Squadron (7H)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52d_Troop_Carrier_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="52d Troop Carrier Wing (World War II)">52d Troop Carrier Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/61st_Air_Base_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="61st Air Base Group">61st Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>14th Troop Carrier Squadron (3I)</li> <li>15th Troop Carrier Squadron (Y9)</li> <li>53d Troop Carrier Squadron (3A)</li> <li>59th Troop Carrier Squadron (X5)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/313th_Tactical_Airlift_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="313th Tactical Airlift Group">313th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>29th Troop Carrier Squadron (5X)</li> <li>47th Troop Carrier Squadron (N3)</li> <li>48th Troop Carrier Squadron (Z7)</li> <li>49th Troop Carrier Squadron (H2)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/314th_Operations_Group" title="314th Operations Group">314th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>32nd Troop Carrier Squadron (S2)</li> <li>50th Troop Carrier Squadron (2R)</li> <li>61st Troop Carrier Squadron (Q9)</li> <li>62d Troop Carrier Squadron (E5)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/315th_Operations_Group" title="315th Operations Group">315th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>34th Troop Carrier Squadron (NM)</li> <li>43d Troop Carrier Squadron (UA)</li> <li>309th Troop Carrier Squadron (M6)</li> <li>310th Troop Carrier Squadron (4A)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/316th_Operations_Group" title="316th Operations Group">316th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>36th Troop Carrier Squadron (6E)</li> <li>37th Troop Carrier Squadron (W7)</li> <li>44th Troop Carrier Squadron (4C)</li> <li>45th Troop Carrier Squadron (T3)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53d_Troop_Carrier_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="53d Troop Carrier Wing (World War II)">53d Troop Carrier Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/434th_Operations_Group" title="434th Operations Group">434th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>71st Troop Carrier Squadron (CJ)</li> <li>72d Troop Carrier Squadron (CU)</li> <li>73d Troop Carrier Squadron (CN)</li> <li>74th Troop Carrier Squadron (ID)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435th_Operations_Group" title="435th Operations Group">435th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>75th Troop Carrier Squadron (SH)</li> <li>76th Troop Carrier Squadron (CW)</li> <li>77th Troop Carrier Squadron (IB)</li> <li>78th Troop Carrier Squadron (CM)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/436th_Operations_Group" title="436th Operations Group">436th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>79th Troop Carrier Squadron (S6)</li> <li>80th Troop Carrier Squadron (7D)</li> <li>81st Troop Carrier Squadron (U5)</li> <li>82d Troop Carrier Squadron (3D)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/437th_Operations_Group" title="437th Operations Group">437th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>83d Troop Carrier Squadron (T2)</li> <li>84th Troop Carrier Squadron (Z8)</li> <li>85th Troop Carrier Squadron (9O)</li> <li>86th Troop Carrier Squadron (5K)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/438th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="438th Air Expeditionary Group">438th Troop Carrier Group</a> (C-47/C-53) <ul><li>87th Troop Carrier Squadron (3X)</li> <li>88th Troop Carrier Squadron (M2)</li> <li>89th Troop Carrier Squadron (4U)</li> <li>90th Troop Carrier Squadron (Q7)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>IX Air Force Service Command</b> <ul><li>1st Advanced Air Depot Area <ul><li>1st Tactical Air Depot</li> <li>2d Tactical Air Depot</li> <li>3d Tactical Air Depot</li></ul></li> <li>2d Advanced Air Depot Area <ul><li>4th Tactical Air Depot</li> <li>5th Tactical Air Depot</li> <li>6th Tactical Air Depot</li></ul></li> <li>1585th Quartermaster Truck Regiment</li> <li>31st Transport Group</li> <li>IX Air Force Intransit Depot Group</li> <li>13th Replacement Control Depot</li> <li>20th Replacement Control Depot</li> <li>Signal Battalion (HC)</li></ul></li> <li><b>IX Engineer Command</b> <ul><li>922d Engineer Aviation Regiment</li> <li>924th Engineer Aviation Regiment</li> <li>925th Engineer Aviation Regiment</li> <li>926th Engineer Aviation Regiment</li></ul></li> <li><b>IX Air Defense Command</b> <ul><li>1/8 Antiaircraft Group</li> <li>51st Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade</li> <li>52d Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade</li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operations_in_Europe_1944–1945"><span id="Operations_in_Europe_1944.E2.80.931945"></span>Operations in Europe 1944–1945</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operations in Europe 1944–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-38-370fg-1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/P-38-370fg-1945.jpg/220px-P-38-370fg-1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/P-38-370fg-1945.jpg/330px-P-38-370fg-1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/P-38-370fg-1945.jpg/440px-P-38-370fg-1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>P-38 of the 370th Fighter Group on a wartime advanced landing strip</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-47d-406fg-1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/P-47d-406fg-1944.jpg/220px-P-47d-406fg-1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/P-47d-406fg-1944.jpg/330px-P-47d-406fg-1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/P-47d-406fg-1944.jpg/440px-P-47d-406fg-1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>P-47D of the 406th Fighter Group on a wartime advanced landing strip</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_World_War_II_senior_military_officials,_1945.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/American_World_War_II_senior_military_officials%2C_1945.JPEG/220px-American_World_War_II_senior_military_officials%2C_1945.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/American_World_War_II_senior_military_officials%2C_1945.JPEG/330px-American_World_War_II_senior_military_officials%2C_1945.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/American_World_War_II_senior_military_officials%2C_1945.JPEG/440px-American_World_War_II_senior_military_officials%2C_1945.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2837" data-file-height="2264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/12th_Army_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Army Group">12th Army Group</a> Ground-Air command team in April 1945 with Eisenhower, Spaatz, and Bedell Smith</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-47-314_dtcg-varsity-1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/C-47-314_dtcg-varsity-1945.jpg/220px-C-47-314_dtcg-varsity-1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/C-47-314_dtcg-varsity-1945.jpg/330px-C-47-314_dtcg-varsity-1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/C-47-314_dtcg-varsity-1945.jpg/440px-C-47-314_dtcg-varsity-1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>C-47s with Gliders of the 62d Troop Carrier Group preparing for the Airborne drop over the Rhine during "Operation Varsity.</figcaption></figure> <p>On D-Day, IX Troop Carrier Command units flew over 2000 sorties conducting combat parachute jumps and glider landings as part of <a href="/wiki/American_airborne_landings_in_Normandy" title="American airborne landings in Normandy">American airborne landings in Normandy</a> of Operation Neptune. Other Ninth Air Force units carried out massive air attacks with <a href="/wiki/P-51_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustang</a>, <a href="/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" class="mw-redirect" title="P-47 Thunderbolt">P-47 Thunderbolt</a> fighter-bombers, <a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">North American B-25 Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_B-26_Marauder" title="Martin B-26 Marauder">Martin B-26 Marauder</a> medium bombers. Air cover during the morning amphibious assault by Allied forces on the beaches of France was flown by <a href="/wiki/P-38_Lightning" class="mw-redirect" title="P-38 Lightning">P-38 Lightnings</a>. </p><p>With the beaches secure, its tactical air units then provided the air power for the Allied break-out from the Normandy beachhead in the summer of 1944 during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cherbourg" title="Battle of Cherbourg">Battle of Cherbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Caen" title="Battle for Caen">Battle for Caen</a>, and the ultimate breakout from the beachhead, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a>. </p><p>Unlike Eighth Air Force, whose units stayed in the United Kingdom, Ninth Air Force units were very mobile, first deploying to France on 16 June 1944, ten days after the Normandy invasion by moving P-47 Thunderbolts to a beach-head landing strip. </p><p>Because of their short range, operational combat units would have to move to quickly prepared bases close to the front as soon as the Allied ground forces advanced. The bases were called "<a href="/wiki/Advanced_Landing_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Landing Ground">Advanced Landing Grounds</a>" or "ALGs". On the continent, many ALGs were built either from scratch or from captured enemy airfields throughout France, the Low Countries and Germany. Ninth Air Force units moved frequently from one ALG to another. </p><p>By early August most Ninth Air Force operational fighter and bomber groups were transferred to bases in France and assigned to the <b>U. S. Twelfth Army Group</b>. These groups were then assigned to Tactical Air Command (TAC) organizations which supported Army ground units. XXIX Tactical Air Command (XXIX TAC) was activated in France on 15 September 1944, commanded by Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Nugent" title="Richard E. Nugent">Richard E. Nugent</a>, to support operations of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ninth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ninth Army">U.S. Ninth Army</a>. </p><p>XXIX TAC supported the Ninth Army in the north; IX TAC supported the First Army in the center; and XIX TAC supported the Third Army in the south. Air cover over Allied-controlled areas on the continent was performed by the IX Air Defense Command. Ninth Air Force groups made numerous moves within France, the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> and western Germany to keep within range of the advancing battle front before the end of hostilities in May 1945. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a>, the invasion of Southern France in August 1944, two Ninth fighter groups were transferred to the provisional United States/Free French 1st Tactical Air Force supporting the invasion force's drive north. As part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Market-Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Market-Garden">Operation Market-Garden</a>, the Ninth Air Force transferred its entire IX Troop Carrier Command with its fourteen <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-47</a> groups to the <a href="/wiki/1st_Allied_Airborne_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Allied Airborne Army">1st Allied Airborne Army</a> in September 1944. Those troop carrier groups flew many of the C-47s and towed <a href="/wiki/CG-4_Waco" class="mw-redirect" title="CG-4 Waco">CG-4 Waco</a> gliders for the Allied airborne unit drops—<a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Operation Market Garden</a>—to take the bridges northwest of <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a> at Son (mun. Son en Breugel), <a href="/wiki/Veghel" title="Veghel">Veghel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grave,_Netherlands" title="Grave, Netherlands">Grave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a> in the Netherlands. </p><p>In December 1944 through January 1945, Ninth Air Force fighters and bombers were critical in defeating the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a>. Initially American, British, and Canadian air power was grounded by very bad winter weather, but then the bad weather broke, freeing the tactical air forces to help break the back of the Wehrmacht attack. The long smash across France, Belgium, and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> was the highlight<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of the existence of the 9th Air Force. </p><p>In the spring of 1945, Ninth Air Force troop carrier units flew airborne parachute and glider units again during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Varsity" title="Operation Varsity">Operation Varsity</a>, the Allied assault over the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> River on 24 March 1945. Operation Varsity was the single largest airborne drop in history. The operation saw the first use of the <a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_C-46_Commando" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando">Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando</a> transport in Europe, operating with the reliable C-47 Skytrain of previous airborne operations, an experiment which ended with the catastrophic loss of 28% of the C-46s participating. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postwar_demobilization">Postwar demobilization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Postwar demobilization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ninth Air Force tactical air support operations were flown over western Germany until the end of hostilities on 7 May. However, once the victory had been gained, the United States plunged into demobilization, just as it had done at the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. </p><p>Most officers and men were sent back to the United States and their units inactivated. Others were assigned to the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Forces in Europe">United States Air Forces in Europe</a> and were moved to captured Luftwaffe airfields to perform occupation duties. Some transport units relocated to France. Finally, with the mission completed, on 2 December 1945 the Ninth Air Force was inactivated at USAFE Headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>see also: <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Air_Force" title="Nineteenth Air Force">Nineteenth Air Force</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-100-363tfs-wc-354tfw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/F-100-363tfs-wc-354tfw.jpg/220px-F-100-363tfs-wc-354tfw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/F-100-363tfs-wc-354tfw.jpg/330px-F-100-363tfs-wc-354tfw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/F-100-363tfs-wc-354tfw.jpg/440px-F-100-363tfs-wc-354tfw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>North American F-100F-10-NA Super Sabre serial 56-3869 of the 354th TFW, Myrtle Beach AFB South Carolina. F-100s were a mainstay of USAF tactical air power throughout the 1950s and 1960s.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:75th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron_A-7D_Corsair_II_71-0338.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/75th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron_A-7D_Corsair_II_71-0338.jpg/220px-75th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron_A-7D_Corsair_II_71-0338.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/75th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron_A-7D_Corsair_II_71-0338.jpg/330px-75th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron_A-7D_Corsair_II_71-0338.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/75th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron_A-7D_Corsair_II_71-0338.jpg/440px-75th_Tactical_Fighter_Squadron_A-7D_Corsair_II_71-0338.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>A-7D Serial No: 71-0338 of the 23d TFW, England AFB, Louisiana. The A-7D provided close air support for Army ground forces from the late 1960s until being replaced by the A-10 in the 1980s in front-line units.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-4e-68-0326-31tfw-hs-1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/F-4e-68-0326-31tfw-hs-1971.jpg/220px-F-4e-68-0326-31tfw-hs-1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/F-4e-68-0326-31tfw-hs-1971.jpg/330px-F-4e-68-0326-31tfw-hs-1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/F-4e-68-0326-31tfw-hs-1971.jpg/440px-F-4e-68-0326-31tfw-hs-1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>F-4E Serial No: 68-0326 of the 31st TFW, Homestead AFB, Florida, 1971. F-4 Phantom IIs were the dominant aircraft over the skies of Indochina during the Vietnam War.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-15e-88-1690-4tfw-sj-1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/F-15e-88-1690-4tfw-sj-1990.jpg/220px-F-15e-88-1690-4tfw-sj-1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/F-15e-88-1690-4tfw-sj-1990.jpg/330px-F-15e-88-1690-4tfw-sj-1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/F-15e-88-1690-4tfw-sj-1990.jpg/440px-F-15e-88-1690-4tfw-sj-1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>F-15E Strike Eagle Serial No: 88-1690 of the 4th TFW, Seymour Johnson AFB, NC. Developed from the F-15B in the late 1980s, the Strike Eagle gave the F-15 a close air support mission while retaining the air superiority role.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-16a-80-537-shaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/F-16a-80-537-shaw.jpg/220px-F-16a-80-537-shaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/F-16a-80-537-shaw.jpg/330px-F-16a-80-537-shaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/F-16a-80-537-shaw.jpg/440px-F-16a-80-537-shaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption>F-16A Serial No: 80-537 of the 363d/20th TFW, Shaw AFB, South Carolina. The F-16 is the most-produced tactical jet fighter in Air Force history.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-22A_94th_FS_Langley_approach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/F-22A_94th_FS_Langley_approach.jpg/220px-F-22A_94th_FS_Langley_approach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/F-22A_94th_FS_Langley_approach.jpg/330px-F-22A_94th_FS_Langley_approach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/F-22A_94th_FS_Langley_approach.jpg/440px-F-22A_94th_FS_Langley_approach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3419" data-file-height="2196" /></a><figcaption>Two F-22A turn in on final approach to Langley Air Force Base</figcaption></figure> <p>Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Ninth Air Force was reactivated on 28 March 1946 at <a href="/wiki/Biggs_Army_Airfield" title="Biggs Army Airfield">Biggs AAF</a>, Texas. After several relocations, on 20 August 1954, Ninth Air Force Headquarters was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Air_Force_Base" title="Shaw Air Force Base">Shaw Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, where it remains today. The postwar Numbered Air Forces were components of the new major command structure of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>, and Ninth Air Force became one of the tactical air forces of the new <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a>. Ninth Air Force commanded TAC Wings east of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>. </p><p>Initially being equipped with propeller-driven F-51, F-47 and <a href="/wiki/F-82_Twin_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="F-82 Twin Mustang">F-82</a> aircraft during the postwar years, in the 1950s, Ninth Air Force units received the jet-powered <a href="/wiki/P-80_Shooting_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="P-80 Shooting Star">F/RF-80 Shooting Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/F-84_Thunderjet" class="mw-redirect" title="F-84 Thunderjet">F-84G/F Thunderjet</a>, <a href="/wiki/F-86_Sabre" class="mw-redirect" title="F-86 Sabre">F-86D/H Sabre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/F-100_Super_Sabre" class="mw-redirect" title="F-100 Super Sabre">F-100 Super Sabre</a> aircraft. Ninth Air Force squadrons and wings were frequently deployed to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> during the 1950s and 1960s as "Dual-Based" <a href="/wiki/USAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="USAFE">USAFE</a> units, and reinforcing NATO forces in West Germany and France during the <a href="/wiki/Lebanon_crisis_of_1958" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon crisis of 1958">Lebanon crisis of 1958</a> and the 1961 <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> Crisis. </p><p>During the 1962 <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>, Ninth Air Force units went on war alert, deploying to bases in Florida, being able to respond to the crisis on a moment's notice. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, detached Ninth Air Force units engaged in combat operations over <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>. The practice of stripping away squadrons and aircraft from their home Tactical Air Command Wings and attaching them indefinitely to a new wing under <a href="/wiki/PACAF" class="mw-redirect" title="PACAF">Pacific Air Forces</a> was the method used for long-term deployments to the <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> air bases engaged in combat operations. In addition to these operational deployments, Ninth Air Force units performed a "backfilling" role in Japan and South Korea for PACAF as well as in Italy and Spain for <a href="/wiki/USAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="USAFE">USAFE</a> to replace units whose aircraft and personnel were deployed to Southeast Asia. With the end of American involvement during the early 1970s, these units were returned in large part to their home Ninth Air Force units in the United States. </p><p>During the remainder of the 1970s, NATO deployments resumed supporting the COMET, CORONET and CRESTED CAP exercises. These deployments were designed to exercise CONUS based Air Force squadrons long range deployment capabilities and to familiarize the personnel with the European theatre of operations. During these NATO deployments, exercises with Army infantry and armored units were conducted to enhance the Close Air Support role in Europe. </p><p>Ninth Air Force Wings in 1979 were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Tactical Fighter Wing">1st Tactical Fighter Wing</a> (F-15A/B) (FF) <a href="/wiki/Langley_Air_Force_Base" title="Langley Air Force Base">Langley Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Tactical Fighter Wing">4th Tactical Fighter Wing</a> (F-4E) (SJ) <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Johnson_Air_Force_Base" title="Seymour Johnson Air Force Base">Seymour Johnson Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23d_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="23d Tactical Fighter Wing">23d Tactical Fighter Wing</a> (A-7D) (EL) <a href="/wiki/England_Air_Force_Base" title="England Air Force Base">England Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="31st Tactical Fighter Wing">31st Tactical Fighter Wing</a> (F-4D) (ZE/HS) <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Air Force Base">Homestead Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33d_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="33d Tactical Fighter Wing">33d Tactical Fighter Wing</a> (F-15A/B) (EG) <a href="/wiki/Eglin_Air_Force_Base" title="Eglin Air Force Base">Eglin Air Force Base</a>, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="56th Tactical Fighter Wing">56th Tactical Fighter Wing</a> (F-4D/E) (MC) <a href="/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base" title="MacDill Air Force Base">MacDill Air Force Base</a>, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/347th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="347th Tactical Fighter Wing">347th Tactical Fighter Wing</a> (F-4E) (MY) <a href="/wiki/Moody_Air_Force_Base" title="Moody Air Force Base">Moody Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="354th Tactical Fighter Wing">354th Tactical Fighter Wing</a> (A/OA-10A) (MB) <a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Beach_Air_Force_Base" title="Myrtle Beach Air Force Base">Myrtle Beach Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363d_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="363d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing">363d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing</a> (RF-4C) (JO) <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Air_Force_Base" title="Shaw Air Force Base">Shaw Air Force Base</a>, South Carolina</li></ul> <p>During the 1980s, Ninth Air Force wings upgraded from the Vietnam-Era F-4s and A-7s to newer F-15s, F-16 and A-10 aircraft. First-generation F-15A/B models were later sent to <a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a> fighter units while Regular Air Force units upgraded to the higher-capability F-15C/Ds and the new F-15E replaced the F-4E in the 4th TFW. </p><p>With the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> in the early 1990s, the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Base_Realignment_and_Closure_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Base Realignment and Closure Commission">Base Realignment and Closure Commission</a> (BRAC) reductions meant the closing of Myrtle Beach AFB and England AFB. MacDill AFB was realigned under <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> as the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command</a>, but minus tactical aircraft operations with the reassignment of the <a href="/wiki/56th_Fighter_Wing" title="56th Fighter Wing">56th Fighter Wing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">Air Education and Training Command</a> and relocation to <a href="/wiki/Luke_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke AFB">Luke AFB</a>, Arizona. </p><p>The restructuring of USAF CONUS forces by the inactivation of <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a> and subsequent creation of <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> realigned Ninth Air Force with new units and new missions. In addition, the effects of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew" title="Hurricane Andrew">Hurricane Andrew</a> at Homestead AFB on 24 August 1992 essentially destroyed the facility. Although both <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">President Clinton</a> promised to rebuild Homestead, the BRAC designated the installation for realignment to the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Reserve">Air Force Reserve</a>, and on 1 April 1994, Headquarters, ACC inactivated its base support units and transferred base support responsibility to the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">Air Force Reserve Command</a> and AFRC's <a href="/wiki/482d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="482d Fighter Wing">482d Fighter Wing</a>, effectively ending ACC ownership of the base. </p><p>Concurrently, ACC also transferred responsibility for MacDill AFB to <a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">Air Mobility Command</a> following the arrival of an air refueling unit and redesignation of the host air base wing as an air refueling wing (later redesignated as an air mobility wing). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CENTAF_and_the_1991_Gulf_War">CENTAF and the 1991 Gulf War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: CENTAF and the 1991 Gulf War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_United_States_Air_Force_Units_in_the_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War">Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War</a></div> <p>In 1980, Ninth Air Force units were allocated to the new <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Deployment_Joint_Task_Force" title="Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force">Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force</a> (RDJTF). In 1983, the RDJTF became a separate unified command known as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a> (USCENTCOM), focusing on the Middle East. Ninth Air Force provided the aircraft, personnel and materiel to form <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Central Command Air Forces">United States Central Command Air Forces</a> (USCENTAF), the USAF air power of CENTCOM, which was also headquartered at Shaw AFB. Starting in 1981, Ninth Air Force aircraft and personnel were deployed to Egypt for <a href="/wiki/Exercise_Bright_Star" title="Exercise Bright Star">Exercise Bright Star</a>. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Shield_(Gulf_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Shield (Gulf War)">Operation Desert Shield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a>, Ninth Air Force units deployed to the Middle East, and flew combat missions over <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. </p><p>After the end of hostilities, units from the Ninth flew air missions over Iraq as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Operation Deny Flight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Watch" title="Operation Northern Watch">Operation Northern Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Watch" title="Operation Southern Watch">Operation Southern Watch</a>. From 1991, the <a href="/wiki/4404th_Wing_(Provisional)" title="4404th Wing (Provisional)">4404th Composite Wing (Provisional)</a> served as a forward force, for most of that period flying from <a href="/wiki/King_Abdul_Aziz_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="King Abdul Aziz AB">King Abdul Aziz AB</a>, Saudi Arabia. Despite the boring nature of the quasi-peacetime patrols over both the northern and southern "no-fly zones," the years after 1991 were not entirely without hostile action. Time and time again Iraqi air defense radars came on line and "illuminated" American aircraft. There were also numerous cases where Iraqi anti-aircraft guns and missiles engaged American aircraft. In each case, the U.S. military aircraft would retaliate and in most cases, eliminate the offending air defense site(s). Among the deployed units were the 4th Air Expeditionary Wing, Camp Doha, Qatar (June 1996 and February 1997 in Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) Rotations III and IV respectively),<sup id="cite_ref-4fw_history_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4fw_history-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 347th Air Expeditionary Wing, Shaikh Isa AB, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/363d_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="363d Air Expeditionary Wing">363d Air Expeditionary Wing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sultan_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Sultan AB">Prince Sultan AB</a>, Saudi Arabia. </p><p>During this "phony war," American pilots gained invaluable experience in air-to-ground tactics that could not be duplicated in practice missions back at home. Combat missions briefly resumed in 1998 during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Fox">Operation Desert Fox</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-15E_of_the_336th_Expeditionary_Fighter_Squadron_over_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/F-15E_of_the_336th_Expeditionary_Fighter_Squadron_over_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-F-15E_of_the_336th_Expeditionary_Fighter_Squadron_over_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/F-15E_of_the_336th_Expeditionary_Fighter_Squadron_over_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-F-15E_of_the_336th_Expeditionary_Fighter_Squadron_over_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/F-15E_of_the_336th_Expeditionary_Fighter_Squadron_over_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-F-15E_of_the_336th_Expeditionary_Fighter_Squadron_over_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="2324" /></a><figcaption>F-15E of the 336th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron over Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq_and_Afghanistan">Iraq and Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iraq and Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ninth Air Force units, flying as USCENTAF, flew operational missions during the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a>—Afghanistan (OEF-A) and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a> (OIF). Air Expeditionary Force units are engaged in combat operations on an ongoing basis. </p><p>U.S. Airmen are increasingly on the ground in Iraq:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "They drive in convoys and even work with detainees. The main aerial hub in Iraq has 1,500 airmen doing convoy operations in and 1,000 working with detainees. The USAF is also involved in training Iraqis and performing other activities not usually associated with the Air Force. The dangers of the Air Force's new role were highlighted when the expeditionary wing lost its first female member in the line of duty in Iraq. A1C Elizabeth Jacobson, 21, was killed in a roadside bombing while performing convoy security near the U.S. detention center at Camp Bucca in southern Iraq." "More and more Air Force are doing Army jobs," said Senior Master Sgt. Matt Rossoni, 46, of San Francisco. "It's nothing bad about the Army. They're just tapped out." "<a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Security_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Security Forces">Air Force Security Forces</a> are traditionally associated with base defense, however, now they provide security for patrols and to deliver supplies." </p><p>The Air Force also is keeping up with its traditional duties. In November, the <a href="/wiki/386th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="386th Air Expeditionary Wing">386th Air Expeditionary Wing</a> delivered its one millionth passenger to Iraq since October 2003. USAF missions included transporting troops, casualties and cargo flights. The Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps flew thousands of missions in support of U.S. ground troops in Iraq this fall, including attacks by unmanned Predator aircraft armed with Hellfire missiles, military records show. American and allied refueling, transport and surveillance planes also are in the air. Airstrikes have been largely in areas where the insurgency is strongest, like Balad, Ramadi and in the vicinity of Baghdad, according to the U.S. Central Command. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/332nd_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="332nd Air Expeditionary Wing">332nd Air Expeditionary Wing</a>, undisclosed location, Southwest Asia, May 2016 – present.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 the 332 AEG at Ahmed al-Jabir AB in Kuwait was expanded into the 332 AEW.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/378th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="378th Air Expeditionary Wing">378th Air Expeditionary Wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sultan_Air_Base" title="Prince Sultan Air Base">Prince Sultan Air Base</a>, Saudi Arabia, 2019 – present<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/E-3_Sentry" class="mw-redirect" title="E-3 Sentry">E-3 Sentry</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/379th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="379th Air Expeditionary Wing">379th Air Expeditionary Wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a>, Qatar, 2002–present<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/B-1B_Lancer" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1B Lancer">B-1B Lancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-17_Globemaster_III" class="mw-redirect" title="C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-6B_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="E-6B Mercury">E-6B Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-8C_Joint_STARS" class="mw-redirect" title="E-8C Joint STARS">E-8C Joint STARS</a>, <a href="/wiki/KC-135_Stratotanker" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135 Stratotanker</a>, <a href="/wiki/P-3_Orion" class="mw-redirect" title="P-3 Orion">P-3 Orion</a>, <a href="/wiki/RC-135_Rivet_Joint" class="mw-redirect" title="RC-135 Rivet Joint">RC-135 Rivet Joint</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combined_Air_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Combined_Air_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-022.jpg/220px-Combined_Air_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Combined_Air_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-022.jpg/330px-Combined_Air_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Combined_Air_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-022.jpg/440px-Combined_Air_Operations_Center_151007-F-MS415-022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Combined <a href="/wiki/Air_and_Space_Operations_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Air and Space Operations Center">Air and Space Operations Center</a> (CAOC) at <a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a>, Qatar, 2015</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/380th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="380th Air Expeditionary Wing">380th Air Expeditionary Wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Dhafra_Air_Base" title="Al Dhafra Air Base">Al Dhafra Air Base</a>, United Arab Emirates, 25 January 2002 – present<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/KC-10_Extender" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-10 Extender">KC-10 Extender</a>, <a href="/wiki/RQ-4_Global_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="RQ-4 Global Hawk">RQ-4 Global Hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/U-2_Dragon_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="U-2 Dragon Lady">U-2 Dragon Lady</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/386th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="386th Air Expeditionary Wing">386th Air Expeditionary Wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Al_Salem_Air_Base" title="Ali Al Salem Air Base">Ali Al Salem Air Base</a>, Kuwait, 2002–present<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <p>Tenant Units assigned to the command are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/609th_Air_Operations_Center" title="609th Air Operations Center">609th Air Operations Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a>, Qatar, 1 January 1994 – present<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Expeditionary_Civil_Engineer_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Expeditionary Civil Engineer Group">1st Expeditionary Civil Engineer Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a>, Qatar, October 2001 – present<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>557 Expeditionary <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Engineer_Deployable_Heavy_Operational_Repair_Squadron_Engineers" title="Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers">RED HORSE</a> Squadron</li> <li>577 Expeditionary PRIME BEEF Squadron</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Note: The <a href="/wiki/432d_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="432d Air Expeditionary Wing">432d Air Expeditionary Wing</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> unit headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Creech_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Creech AFB">Creech AFB</a>, Nevada. It operates <a href="/wiki/RQ-1_Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="RQ-1 Predator">RQ-1 Predator</a> and <a href="/wiki/MQ-9_Reaper" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a> UAV aircraft in the AFCENT AOR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lineage_and_assignments">Lineage and assignments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lineage and assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Established as the <b>5th Air Support Command</b> on 21 August 1941</li></ul> <dl><dd>Activated on 1 September 1941</dd> <dd>Redesignated <b>9th Air Force</b> on 8 April 1942</dd> <dd>Redesignated as <b>Ninth Air Force</b> on 18 September 1942</dd> <dd>Inactivated on 2 December 1945</dd></dl> <ul><li>Activated on 28 March 1946</li></ul> <dl><dd>Redesignated: <b>Ninth Air Force</b> (Tactical) on 1 August 1950</dd> <dd>Redesignated: <b>Ninth Air Force</b> on 26 June 1951</dd> <dd>Co-designation <b>United States Central Command Air Forces</b> established, 1 January 1983 <dl><dd>CENTAF designation used for Ninth Air Force assets assigned to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Redesignated: <b>Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central)</b>, on 1 March 2008.</dd> <dd>Redesignated: <b>United States Air Forces Central Command</b>, on 5 August 2009.</dd> <dd>Redesignated: <b>Ninth Air Force (Air Forces Central)</b>, on 20 August 2020.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assignments">Assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Combat_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Combat Command">Air Force Combat Command</a> (later, Army Air Forces), 1 September 1941</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Forces_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States Army Forces in the Middle East">United States Army Forces in the Middle East</a>, 12 November 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations,_United_States_Army" title="European Theater of Operations, United States Army">European Theater of Operations, United States Army</a>, 3 November 1943</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Air_Forces_in_Europe" title="United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe">United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>(later, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Forces in Europe">United States Air Forces in Europe</a>), 22 February 1944 – 2 December 1945</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a>, 28 March 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Air_Command" title="Continental Air Command">Continental Air Command</a>, 1 December 1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a>, 1 December 1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a>, 1 June 1992 – present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stations">Stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowman_Field_(Kentucky)" title="Bowman Field (Kentucky)">Bowman Field</a>, Kentucky, 1 September 1941</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Army_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans Army Air Base">New Orleans Army Air Base</a>, Louisiana, 24 January 1942</li> <li>Bolling Field, Washington, D.C., 22 July – October 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt, 12 November 1942 – October 1943</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunninghill_Park" title="Sunninghill Park">Sunninghill Park</a>, Berkshire, England, November 1943 – September 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantilly,_Oise" title="Chantilly, Oise">Chantilly</a>, France, 15 September 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Kissingen" title="Bad Kissingen">Bad Kissingen</a>, Germany, 6 June – 2 December 1945</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biggs_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Biggs Field">Biggs Field</a>, Texas, 28 March 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_Army_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenville Army Air Base">Greenville Army Air Base</a> (later Greenville Air Force Base), South Carolina, 31 October 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley_Air_Force_Base" title="Langley Air Force Base">Langley Air Force Base</a>, Virginia, 14 February 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Air Force Base">Pope Air Force Base</a>, North Carolina, 1 August 1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Air_Force_Base" title="Shaw Air Force Base">Shaw Air Force Base</a>, South Carolina, 20 August 1954 – 5 Aug 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, 5 August 2009 – 20 August 2020</li> <li>Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, 20 August 2020 – present</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_components">Major components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Major components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II_Units">World War II Units</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: World War II Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Commands</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IX_Air_Defense_Command" title="IX Air Defense Command">IX Air Defense Command</a>: 1 July 1944 – 28 November 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Bomber_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="IX Bomber Command">IX Bomber Command</a>: 24 July 1942 – 20 November 1943</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ixengineercommand.com">IX Engineer Command</a>: 1 July 1944 – 2 December 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Troop_Carrier_Command" title="IX Troop Carrier Command">IX Troop Carrier Command</a>: 16 October 1943 – 1 November 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Fighter_Command" title="IX Fighter Command">IX Fighter Command</a>: 23 December 1942 – 16 November 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Tactical_Air_Command" title="IX Tactical Air Command">IX Air Support (later, IX Tactical Air) Command</a>): 4 December 1943 – 17 August 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIX_Tactical_Air_Command" title="XIX Tactical Air Command">XIX Air Support (later, XIX Tactical Air Command)</a>: 4 January 1944 – 20 November 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXIX_Tactical_Air_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="XXIX Tactical Air Command">XXIX Air Support (later, XXIX Tactical Air) Command</a>: 30 November 1943 – 3 October 1945</li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Bombardment Group">12th Bombardment Group</a>: 21 January 1941 – 18 April 1942, 16 August 1942 – 22 August 1943<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="36th Fighter Group">36th Fighter Group</a>: 4 April-1 October 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/366th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="366th Fighter Group">366th Fighter Group</a>: 8 January-15 February 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_Observation_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Observation Group">67th Observation Group</a>, 29 March 1942 – 15 May 1942<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363d_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="363d Tactical Reconnaissance Group">363d Tactical Reconnaissance Group</a>: 20 November – 11 December 1945</li></ul> <dl><dt>Squadrons</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_Observation_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Observation Squadron">12th Observation Squadron</a>: 21 January – 29 March 1942<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/915th_Air_Refueling_Squadron" title="915th Air Refueling Squadron">15th Bombardment Squadron</a>: 14 October 1941 – unknown<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/425th_Night_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="425th Night Fighter Squadron">425th Night Fighter Squadron</a>: 23 May – 10 June 1944; 7 July – 9 September 1945<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="USAF_Air_Divisions">USAF Air Divisions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: USAF Air Divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_Air_Division" title="12th Air Division">12th Air Division</a>: 23 February – 27 June 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Air_Division" title="19th Air Division">19th Air Division</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>(formerly, 19 Bombardment Wing; IX Bomber Command; 9 Bombardment Division; 9 Air Division; 19 Bombardment Wing)</dd> <dd>24 July 1942 – 20 November 1945; 22 December 1948 – 1 February 1949. 21 Air: 22 December 1948 – 1 February 1949.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/42d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="42d Air Division">42d Air Division</a>: 1 July – 1 October 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Air_Division" title="49th Air Division">49th Air Division</a>: 22 December 1948 – 1 February 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Air_Division" title="69th Air Division">69th Air Division</a>: 23 February – 27 June 1949</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/302d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="302d Air Division">302d Air Division</a>: 22 December 1948 – 1 February 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/833d_Air_Division" title="833d Air Division">833d Air Division</a>: 1 October 1964 – 24 December 1969</li> <li><a href="/wiki/834d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="834d Air Division">834d Air Division</a>: 25 September – 1 October 1957; 1 July 1964 – 15 October 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/836th_Air_Division" title="836th Air Division">836th Air Division</a>: 8 October 1957 – 1 July 1961; 1 July 1962 – 30 June 1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/837th_Air_Division" title="837th Air Division">837th Air Division</a>: 8 February 1958 – 1 February 1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/838th_Air_Division" title="838th Air Division">838th Air Division</a>: 25 September – 11 December 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/839th_Air_Division" title="839th Air Division">839th Air Division</a>: 8 October 1957 – 1 July 1963; 9 November 1964 – 1 December 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/840th_Air_Division" title="840th Air Division">840th Air Division</a>: 1 October 1964 – 24 December 1969</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Groups">Groups</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/46th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="46th Bombardment Group">46th Bombardment Group</a>: 1 September 1941 – 18 April 1942<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Known_Inactive_Air_Expeditionary_units">Known Inactive Air Expeditionary units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Known Inactive Air Expeditionary units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>See <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_United_States_Air_Force_Units_in_the_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War">Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War</a> for units and deployment of CENTAF forces during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Shield">Operation Desert Shield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a></i></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/128th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="128th Air Expeditionary Group">128th Air Expeditionary Group</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Flights at several bases in AFCENT AOR</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/368th_Expeditionary_Air_Support_Operations_Group" title="368th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Group">368th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Group</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camp_Victory" title="Camp Victory">Camp Victory</a>, Baghdad, Iraq</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/370th_Air_Expeditionary_Advisory_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="370th Air Expeditionary Advisory Group">370th Air Expeditionary Advisory Group</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sather_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sather AB">Sather AB</a>, Iraq</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/376th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="376th Air Expeditionary Wing">376th Air Expeditionary Wing</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Transit_Center_at_Manas" title="Transit Center at Manas">Transit Center at Manas</a>, Kyrgyzstan</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/398th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="398th Air Expeditionary Group">398th Air Expeditionary Group</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Flights at several bases in AFCENT AOR</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/384th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="384th Air Expeditionary Wing">384th Air Expeditionary Wing</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Shaikh_Isa_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaikh Isa Air Base">Shaikh Isa Air Base</a>, Bahrain</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/406th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="406th Air Expeditionary Wing">406th Air Expeditionary Wing</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/RAFO_Thumrait" title="RAFO Thumrait">RAFO Thumrait</a>, Oman</dd></dl> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/410th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="410th Air Expeditionary Wing">410th Air Expeditionary Wing</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>H-5 Air Base, Jordan</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Mwaffaq_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaheed Mwaffaq AB">Shaheed Mwaffaq AB</a>, Jordan</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/416th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="416th Air Expeditionary Group">416th Air Expeditionary Group</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Karshi-Khanabad_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Karshi-Khanabad AB">Karshi-Khanabad AB</a>, Uzbekistan</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/447th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="447th Air Expeditionary Group">447th Air Expeditionary Group</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sather_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sather AB">Sather AB</a>, Iraq</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/506th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="506th Air Expeditionary Group">506th Air Expeditionary Group</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kirkuk_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkuk AB">Kirkuk AB</a>, Iraq</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/732d_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="732d Air Expeditionary Group">732d Air Expeditionary Group</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Balad_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Balad AB">Balad AB</a>, Iraq</dd></dl> <ul><li>4417th Air Expeditionary Force</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Mwaffaq_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaheed Mwaffaq AB">Shaheed Mwaffaq AB</a>, Jordan</dd></dl> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_and_campaign_streamers">Service and campaign streamers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Service and campaign streamers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>War in Southwest Asia <ul><li>Defense of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> (Desert Shield) 1990–1991</li> <li>Liberation of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> (Desert Storm) 1991</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Award streamer</th> <th>Award</th> <th>Dates</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/200px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/300px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/400px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="37" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Outstanding Unit Award">Air Force Outstanding Unit Award</a></td> <td>1 June 1986 – 31 May 1988</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AFOEA_Streamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/AFOEA_Streamer.jpg/200px-AFOEA_Streamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/AFOEA_Streamer.jpg/300px-AFOEA_Streamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/AFOEA_Streamer.jpg/400px-AFOEA_Streamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="37" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Organizational_Excellence_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Organizational Excellence Award">Air Force Organizational Excellence Award</a></td> <td>4 August 1990 – 11 April 1991</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/200px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/300px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/400px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="37" /></a></span></td> <td>Air Force Outstanding Unit Award</td> <td>1 July 1996 – 31 March 1998</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/200px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/300px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg/400px-Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award_Streamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="37" /></a></span></td> <td>Air Force Outstanding Unit Award</td> <td>1 June 1998 – 31 May 2000</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AFOEA_Streamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/AFOEA_Streamer.jpg/200px-AFOEA_Streamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/AFOEA_Streamer.jpg/300px-AFOEA_Streamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/AFOEA_Streamer.jpg/400px-AFOEA_Streamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="37" /></a></span></td> <td>Air Force Organizational Excellence Award</td> <td>1 June 2011 – 31 May 2013</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_commanders">List of commanders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: List of commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AFCENT_Commanders">AFCENT Commanders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: AFCENT Commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable width=50% align=right"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th colspan="2">Commander </th> <th colspan="3">Term </th></tr> <tr> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Term length </th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">1</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt_Gen_Gilmary_M._Hostage_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gilmary Michael Hostage III"><img alt="Gilmary Michael Hostage III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lt_Gen_Gilmary_M._Hostage_III.jpg/100px-Lt_Gen_Gilmary_M._Hostage_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lt_Gen_Gilmary_M._Hostage_III.jpg/150px-Lt_Gen_Gilmary_M._Hostage_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lt_Gen_Gilmary_M._Hostage_III.jpg/200px-Lt_Gen_Gilmary_M._Hostage_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Gilmary_M._Hostage_III" title="Gilmary M. Hostage III">Gilmary Michael Hostage III</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">5 August 2009</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">3 August 2011</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002728000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 363 days</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">2</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt_Gen_David_L._Goldfein_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="David L. Goldfein"><img alt="David L. Goldfein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lt_Gen_David_L._Goldfein_%281%29.jpg/100px-Lt_Gen_David_L._Goldfein_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lt_Gen_David_L._Goldfein_%281%29.jpg/150px-Lt_Gen_David_L._Goldfein_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Lt_Gen_David_L._Goldfein_%281%29.jpg/200px-Lt_Gen_David_L._Goldfein_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/David_L._Goldfein" title="David L. Goldfein">David L. Goldfein</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">3 August 2011</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">12 July 2013</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002709000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 343 days</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">3</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_W._Hesterman_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John W. Hesterman III"><img alt="John W. Hesterman III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/John_W._Hesterman_III.jpg/100px-John_W._Hesterman_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/John_W._Hesterman_III.jpg/150px-John_W._Hesterman_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/John_W._Hesterman_III.jpg/200px-John_W._Hesterman_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="2520" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Hesterman_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Hesterman III (page does not exist)">John W. Hesterman III</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">12 July 2013</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">29 June 2015</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002717000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 352 days</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">4</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LIEUTENANT_GENERAL_CHARLES_Q._BROWN_JR.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Q. Brown Jr."><img alt="Charles Q. Brown Jr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/LIEUTENANT_GENERAL_CHARLES_Q._BROWN_JR.JPG/100px-LIEUTENANT_GENERAL_CHARLES_Q._BROWN_JR.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/LIEUTENANT_GENERAL_CHARLES_Q._BROWN_JR.JPG/150px-LIEUTENANT_GENERAL_CHARLES_Q._BROWN_JR.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/LIEUTENANT_GENERAL_CHARLES_Q._BROWN_JR.JPG/200px-LIEUTENANT_GENERAL_CHARLES_Q._BROWN_JR.JPG 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr." title="Charles Q. Brown Jr.">Charles Q. Brown Jr.</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">29 June 2015</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">22 July 2016</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002389000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 23 days</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">5</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt._Gen._Jeffrey_L._Harrigian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jeffrey L. Harrigian"><img alt="Jeffrey L. Harrigian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lt._Gen._Jeffrey_L._Harrigian.jpg/100px-Lt._Gen._Jeffrey_L._Harrigian.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lt._Gen._Jeffrey_L._Harrigian.jpg/150px-Lt._Gen._Jeffrey_L._Harrigian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lt._Gen._Jeffrey_L._Harrigian.jpg/200px-Lt._Gen._Jeffrey_L._Harrigian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_L._Harrigian" title="Jeffrey L. Harrigian">Jeffrey L. Harrigian</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">22 July 2016</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">30 August 2018</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002769000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 39 days</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">6</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt._Gen._Joseph_T._Guastella,_Jr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph T. Guastella"><img alt="Joseph T. Guastella" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lt._Gen._Joseph_T._Guastella%2C_Jr.jpg/100px-Lt._Gen._Joseph_T._Guastella%2C_Jr.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lt._Gen._Joseph_T._Guastella%2C_Jr.jpg/150px-Lt._Gen._Joseph_T._Guastella%2C_Jr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lt._Gen._Joseph_T._Guastella%2C_Jr.jpg/200px-Lt._Gen._Joseph_T._Guastella%2C_Jr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3652" data-file-height="4566" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Guastella" title="Joseph T. Guastella">Joseph T. Guastella</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">30 August 2018</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">16 July 2020</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002686000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 321 days</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">7</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt._Gen._Gregory_M._Guillot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gregory M. Guillot"><img alt="Gregory M. Guillot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Lt._Gen._Gregory_M._Guillot.jpg/100px-Lt._Gen._Gregory_M._Guillot.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Lt._Gen._Gregory_M._Guillot.jpg/150px-Lt._Gen._Gregory_M._Guillot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Lt._Gen._Gregory_M._Guillot.jpg/200px-Lt._Gen._Gregory_M._Guillot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Gregory_M._Guillot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory M. Guillot">Gregory M. Guillot</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">16 July 2020</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">20 August 2020</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7001350000000000000♠"></span>35 days</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9_AF/AFCENT_Commanders"><span id="9_AF.2FAFCENT_Commanders"></span>9 AF/AFCENT Commanders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 9 AF/AFCENT Commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th colspan="2">Commander </th> <th colspan="3">Term </th></tr> <tr> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Term length </th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">1</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt_Gen_Gregory_M._Guillot_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gregory M. Guillot"><img alt="Gregory M. Guillot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Lt_Gen_Gregory_M._Guillot_%282%29.jpg/100px-Lt_Gen_Gregory_M._Guillot_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Lt_Gen_Gregory_M._Guillot_%282%29.jpg/150px-Lt_Gen_Gregory_M._Guillot_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Lt_Gen_Gregory_M._Guillot_%282%29.jpg/200px-Lt_Gen_Gregory_M._Guillot_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3221" data-file-height="4026" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Gregory_M._Guillot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory M. Guillot">Gregory M. Guillot</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">20 August 2020</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">21 July 2022</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002700000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 335 days</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">2</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt_Gen_Alexus_G._Grynkewich_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alexus Grynkewich"><img alt="Alexus Grynkewich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lt_Gen_Alexus_G._Grynkewich_%282%29.jpg/100px-Lt_Gen_Alexus_G._Grynkewich_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lt_Gen_Alexus_G._Grynkewich_%282%29.jpg/150px-Lt_Gen_Alexus_G._Grynkewich_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Lt_Gen_Alexus_G._Grynkewich_%282%29.jpg/200px-Lt_Gen_Alexus_G._Grynkewich_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Alexus_Grynkewich" title="Alexus Grynkewich">Alexus Grynkewich</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">21 July 2022</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">18 April 2024</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002637000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 272 days</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">3</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt_Gen_Derek_C._France.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Derek France"><img alt="Derek France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Lt_Gen_Derek_C._France.jpg/100px-Lt_Gen_Derek_C._France.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Lt_Gen_Derek_C._France.jpg/150px-Lt_Gen_Derek_C._France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Lt_Gen_Derek_C._France.jpg/200px-Lt_Gen_Derek_C._France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2025" data-file-height="2531" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">Lieutenant General<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Derek_France" title="Derek France">Derek France</a></b></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">18 April 2024</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><i>Incumbent</i></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002229000000000000♠"></span>229 days</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Explanatory notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Temporary Air Vice Marshal from December 1942</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-af.mil-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-af.mil_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-af.mil_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-af.mil_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Air+Forces+Central+Command+%28ACC%29+%3E+Air+Force+Historical+Research+Agency+%3E+Display&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2FAbout-Us%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F431962%2Funited-states-air-forces-central-command-acc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afcent.af.mil/About/Mission/">"Mission"</a>. <i>www.afcent.af.mil</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019014446/http://www.afcent.af.mil/About/Mission/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.afcent.af.mil&rft.atitle=Mission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afcent.af.mil%2FAbout%2FMission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2319959/fifteenth-air-force-activates-consolidates-accs-conventional-forces/">"Fifteenth Air Force activates, consolidates ACC's conventional forces"</a>. 20 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fifteenth+Air+Force+activates%2C+consolidates+ACC%27s+conventional+forces&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.af.mil%2FNews%2FArticle-Display%2FArticle%2F2319959%2Ffifteenth-air-force-activates-consolidates-accs-conventional-forces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAFHRA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAFHRA_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=16122">"USAFHRA Fact Sheet United States Air Forces Central Command"</a>. <i>af.mil</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042346/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=16122">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=af.mil&rft.atitle=USAFHRA+Fact+Sheet+United+States+Air+Forces+Central+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheet.asp%3Fid%3D16122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2319244/fifteenth-air-force-activates-consolidates-accs-conventional-forces/">"Fifteenth Air Force activates, consolidates ACC's conventional forces"</a>. 20 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fifteenth+Air+Force+activates%2C+consolidates+ACC%27s+conventional+forces&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acc.af.mil%2FNews%2FArticle-Display%2FArticle%2F2319244%2Ffifteenth-air-force-activates-consolidates-accs-conventional-forces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120717150700/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123088409">"USCENTAF to become USAFCENT with redesignation"</a>. <i>af.mil</i>. 17 July 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123088409">the original</a> on 17 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=af.mil&rft.atitle=USCENTAF+to+become+USAFCENT+with+redesignation&rft.date=2012-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.af.mil%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Fid%3D123088409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120718145813/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123162152">New leaders take command of redesignated AFCENT, 9th Air Force</a>, 8/6/2009, Air Force News Service</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Futrell13-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Futrell13_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Futrell13_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Futrell13_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Futrell, p 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maurer9AF-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maurer9AF_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurer, <i>Combat Units</i>, pp. 464-465</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.376hbgva.com/history/index.html#brief">"376hbgva.com"</a>. <i>376hbgva.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202004738/http://376hbgva.com/history/index.html#brief">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=376hbgva.com&rft.atitle=376hbgva.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.376hbgva.com%2Fhistory%2Findex.html%23brief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meobserver.org/?p=16217">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Number 10" the secret number of the British troops in Egypt! | the Middle East Observer"</a>. May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Number+10%22+the+secret+number+of+the+British+troops+in+Egypt%21+%26%23124%3B+the+Middle+East+Observer&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meobserver.org%2F%3Fp%3D16217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraven,_Wesley_FCate,_James_L1949" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L, eds. (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.defense.gov/2010/Nov/05/2001329887/-1/-1/0/AFD-101105-006.pdf"><i>The Army Air Forces in World War II</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. II, Europe: Torch to Pointblank. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/48003657">48003657</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/704158">704158</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(January 2022)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211102714/http://usaaf.net/chron/42/nov42.htm">"USAAF.net"</a>. <i>usaaf.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaaf.net/chron/42/nov42.htm">the original</a> on 11 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+67+Cyberspace+Operations+Group+%28AFSPC%29&rft.pub=Air+Force+Historical+Research+Agency&rft.date=2021-03-21&rft.aulast=Ream&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2FAbout-Us%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F432383%2F67-cyberspace-operations-group-afspc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurer, <i>Combat Squadrons</i>, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurer, <i>Combat Squadrons</i>, p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurer, <i>Combat Squadrons</i>, p. 522</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2008" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Patsy (4 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afhra.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/433534/46-test-wing-afmc/">"Factsheet 46 Test Wing (AFMC)"</a>. Air Force Historical Research Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+46+Test+Wing+%28AFMC%29&rft.pub=Air+Force+Historical+Research+Agency&rft.date=2008-09-04&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Patsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2FAbout-Us%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F433534%2F46-test-wing-afmc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afhra.af.mil/">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraven,_Wesley_FCate,_James_L1949" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L, eds. (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.defense.gov/2010/Nov/05/2001329887/-1/-1/0/AFD-101105-006.pdf"><i>The Army Air Forces in World War II</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. II, Europe: Torch to Pointblank. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/48003657">48003657</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/704158">704158</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F704158&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F48003657&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2010%2FNov%2F05%2F2001329887%2F-1%2F-1%2F0%2FAFD-101105-006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutrell1956" class="citation web cs1">Futrell, Robert F. (September 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afhra.af.mil/Portals/16/documents/Studies/1-50/AFD-090602-049.pdf">"Command of Observation Aviation: A Study in Control of Tactical Airpower, USAF Historical Study No. 24"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Research Studies Institute, USAF Historical Division, Air University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Command+of+Observation+Aviation%3A+A+Study+in+Control+of+Tactical+Airpower%2C+USAF+Historical+Study+No.+24&rft.pub=Research+Studies+Institute%2C+USAF+Historical+Division%2C+Air+University&rft.date=1956-09&rft.aulast=Futrell&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2FPortals%2F16%2Fdocuments%2FStudies%2F1-50%2FAFD-090602-049.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd>Further reading</dd></dl> <ul><li>Bozung, Jack H. (ed). <i>The 9th Sees France and England</i>. Los Angeles, California: AAF Publications Company, 1947.</li> <li>Coles, Harry C. <i>Ninth Air Force Participation in the Western Desert Campaign to January 1943 (USAAF Historical Study, No. 30)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency" title="Air Force Historical Research Agency">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a>, 1945.</li> <li>Coles, Harry C. <i>Participation of the Ninth and Twelfth Air Forces in the Sicilian Campaign (USAAF Historical Study, No. 37)</i>. Air Force Historical Research Agency, 1945.</li> <li>Craven, Wesley F. and James L. Cate. <i>The Army Air Forces in World war II, Vols. 1–7</i>. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago University Press, 1948/51 (Reprinted 1983, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-03-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-03-X">0-912799-03-X</a>).</li> <li>Dorr, Robert F. and Thomas D. Jones. <i>Hell Hawks!: The Untold Story of the American Fliers Who Savaged Hitler's Wehrmacht</i>. St Paul, MN: Zenith Press, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-2918-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-2918-4">978-0-7603-2918-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndicott1998" class="citation book cs1">Endicott, Judy G. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4908883/FID1533/wings_cd.pdf"><i>Active Air Force Wings as of 1 October 1995 and USAF Active Flying, Space, and Missile Squadrons as of 1 October 1995</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Air Force History and Museums Program. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000113MB2">B000113MB2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Active+Air+Force+Wings+as+of+1+October+1995+and+USAF+Active+Flying%2C+Space%2C+and+Missile+Squadrons+as+of+1+October+1995&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=Air+Force+History+and+Museums+Program&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000113MB2%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Endicott&rft.aufirst=Judy+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebapp1.dlib.indiana.edu%2Fvirtual_disk_library%2Findex.cgi%2F4908883%2FFID1533%2Fwings_cd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1993" class="citation book cs1">Fletcher, Harry R (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.defense.gov/2010/May/25/2001330286/-1/-1/0/AFD-100525-060.pdf"><i>Air Force Bases, Vol. II, Air Bases Outside the United States of America</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Center for Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6"><bdi>0-912799-53-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Bases%2C+Vol.+II%2C+Air+Bases+Outside+the+United+States+of+America&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Center+for+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-912799-53-6&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Harry+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2010%2FMay%2F25%2F2001330286%2F-1%2F-1%2F0%2FAFD-100525-060.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Freeman, Roger A. <i>The Ninth Air Force in Colour. UK and the Continent-World War II</i>. London: Arms and Armor Press, 1995.</li> <li>Freeman, Roger A. <i>UK Airfields of the Ninth, Then and Now</i>. London: Battle of Britain Publications, 1994.</li> <li>George, Robert H. <i>Ninth Air Force, April to November 1944 (USAAF Historical Study, No. 36)</i>. Air Force Historical Research Agency, 1945.</li> <li>Hamlin, John F. <i>Support and Strike!: A Concise History of the U.S. Ninth Air Force in Europe</i>. Bretton, Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870384-10-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-870384-10-5">1-870384-10-5</a>.</li> <li>Marx, Milton. <i>Ninth Air Force, USAAF</i>. Paris, France: Desfosses-Neogravure, 1945. <a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> 49028944. Dewey 940.541273. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> 3784313.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller1989" class="citation book cs1">Mueller, Robert (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330255/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-026.pdf"><i>Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6"><bdi>0-912799-53-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Bases%2C+Vol.+I%2C+Active+Air+Force+Bases+Within+the+United+States+of+America+on+17+September+1982&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-912799-53-6&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2010%2FSep%2F21%2F2001330255%2F-1%2F-1%2F0%2FAFD-100921-026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ramsey, John F. <i>Ninth Air Force in the ETO, 16 October 1943 to 16 April 1944 (USAAF Historical Study, No. 32)</i>. Air Force Historical Research Agency, 1945.</li> <li>Rogers, Edith. <i>The AAF in the Middle East: A Study of the Origins of the Ninth Air Force (USAAF Historical Study, No. 108)</i>. Air Force Historical Research Agency, 1945.</li> <li>Rust, Kenn C. <i>Ninth Air Force Story...in World War II</i>. Temple City, California: Historical Aviation Album, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911852-93-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-911852-93-X">0-911852-93-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRustHess1960" class="citation book cs1">Rust, Kenn C.; Hess, William N. (1960). <i>The Slybird Group: The 353rd Fighter Group on Escort and Ground Attack Operations</i>. Drawings by Matt, Paul R. and Preston, John. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81689-762-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81689-762-9"><bdi>978-0-81689-762-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/67-27872">67-27872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slybird+Group%3A+The+353rd+Fighter+Group+on+Escort+and+Ground+Attack+Operations&rft.place=Fallbrook%2C+CA&rft.pub=Aero+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F67-27872&rft.isbn=978-0-81689-762-9&rft.aulast=Rust&rft.aufirst=Kenn+C.&rft.au=Hess%2C+William+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_Air_Force&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afcent.af.mil/">Official public website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/usa/USAF/usaf-centcom.htm">Claimed current order of battle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afcent.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/4822/Article/217800/us-air-forces-central-command.aspx">Most current Factsheet (Apr 2013)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html">USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130025918/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html">Archived</a> 30 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060322220454/http://www.psln.com/pete/pow_bomb_groups.htm">PSLN.com</a>, World War II Bomb Groups - European Theater of Operations (ETO)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj89/carter.html">Air Power in the Battle of the Bulge: A Theater Campaign Perspective</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070225095420/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj89/carter.html">Archived</a> 25 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonesentry.com/gi_stories_booklets/9thbombardment/index.html">Time Over Targets: The Story of the 9th Bombardment Division</a> (World War II unit history published by Stars & Stripes)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template talk:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Air_Force" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">Under Secretary of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Staff_(United_States)" title="Air Staff (United States)">Air Staff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Vice Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Director of Staff of the United States Air Force">Director of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Master_Sergeant_of_the_Air_Force" title="Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force">Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Air Force four-star generals">Four-star generals</a></li> <li>Three-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_generals_in_the_United_States_Air_Force_before_1960" title="List of lieutenant generals in the United States Air Force before 1960">1940–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2010_to_2019" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_since_2020" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals since 2020">2020–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Tactical_Air_and_Land_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces">House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Airland" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland">Senate Subcommittee on Airland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg/80px-U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg/120px-U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg/160px-U.S._Air_Force_service_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Structure of the United States Air Force">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Field_Operating_Agencies" title="List of United States Air Force Field Operating Agencies">Field Operating Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_installations" title="List of United States Air Force installations">Installations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Direct Reporting Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_District_of_Washington" title="Air Force District of Washington">District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Center" title="Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center">Operational Test and Evaluation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">USAF Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_commands_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of major commands of the United States Air Force">Major commands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">ACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">AETC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">AFGSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">AFMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AFRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Special_Operations_Command" title="Air Force Special Operations Command">AFSOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">AMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Air_Forces" title="Pacific Air Forces">PACAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">USAFE–AFAFRICA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Numbered Air Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Expeditionary_Air_Force" title="Thirteenth Expeditionary Air Force">Thirteenth Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Air_Force" title="Eighteenth Air Force">Eighteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Air_Force" title="Nineteenth Air Force">Nineteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Second_Air_Force" title="Twenty-Second Air Force">Twenty-Second</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of wings of the United States Air Force">Wings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Groups" title="List of United States Air Force Groups">Groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force squadrons">Squadrons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_National_Guard_Squadrons" title="List of United States Air National Guard Squadrons">ANG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force Security Forces squadrons">Security Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces#Civilian_auxiliaries_distinguished" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Civilian auxiliary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel and<br /> training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_personnel" title="List of United States Air Force personnel">Personnel</a></li> <li>Rank <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Cadet_Insignia" title="United States Air Force Academy Cadet Insignia">cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">enlisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating" title="U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating">Aeronautical ratings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Engineer_Deployable_Heavy_Operational_Repair_Squadron_Engineers" title="Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers">RED HORSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Medical_Service" title="United States Air Force Medical Service">Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">Chief of Chaplains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scientist_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force">Chief Scientist</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Training: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">Officer Training School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">Reserve Officer Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">Basic Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman_Leadership_School" title="Airman Leadership School">Airman Leadership School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival,_Evasion,_Resistance_and_Escape" title="Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape">SERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Fitness_Assessment" title="United States Air Force Fitness Assessment">Fitness Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and<br /> equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Aircraft_inventory" title="United States Air Force">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and<br /> traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Division,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">Aeronautical Division</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Section,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps">Aviation Section</a> / <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Military_Aeronautics" title="Division of Military Aeronautics">Division of Military Aeronautics</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Army Air Corps</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_U.S._Air_Force_(song)" title="The U.S. Air Force (song)">The U.S. Air Force</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Band" title="United States Air Force Band">Air Force Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">Airman's Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Core_missions" title="United States Air Force">Core Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Symbol" title="United States Air Force Symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Memorial" title="United States Air Force Memorial">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Airforce_Service_Pilots" title="Women Airforce Service Pilots">Women Airforce Service Pilots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> / <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Two" title="Air Force Two">Air Force Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Honor_Guard" title="United States Air Force Honor Guard">Honor Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Thunderbirds" title="United States Air Force Thunderbirds">Thunderbirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">Service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space_Forces_Association" title="Air & Space Forces Association">Air & Space Forces Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:United States Air Force">Category</a></b></li></ul> 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href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> (ACC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Air Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First (Northern)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ninth (Central)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth (Southern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth (Cyber)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ACC_Shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Air Combat Command"><img alt="Emblem of Air Combat Command" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ACC_Shield.svg/80px-ACC_Shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ACC_Shield.svg/120px-ACC_Shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/ACC_Shield.svg/160px-ACC_Shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/601st_Air_Operations_Center" title="601st Air Operations Center">601st Air Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/609th_Air_Operations_Center" title="609th Air Operations Center">609th Air Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/612th_Air_Operations_Center" title="612th Air Operations Center">612th Air Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/616th_Operations_Center" title="616th Operations Center">616th Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Technical_Applications_Center" title="Air Force Technical Applications Center">Air Force Technical Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Capabilities_Center" title="Cyberspace Capabilities Center">Cyberspace Capabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Warfare_Center" title="United States Air Force Warfare Center">United States Air Force Warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Base" title="Beale Air Force Base">Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creech_Air_Force_Base" title="Creech Air Force Base">Creech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Monthan_Air_Force_Base" title="Davis–Monthan Air Force Base">Davis–Monthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_Air_Force_Base" title="Grand Forks Air Force Base">Grand Forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Langley%E2%80%93Eustis" title="Joint Base Langley–Eustis">Langley–Eustis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Langley_Air_Force_Base" title="Langley Air Force Base">Langley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Air_Force_Base" title="Moody Air Force Base">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Air_Force_Base" title="Mountain Home Air Force Base">Mountain Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Base" title="Nellis Air Force Base">Nellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Johnson_Air_Force_Base" title="Seymour Johnson Air Force Base">Seymour Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Air_Force_Base" title="Shaw Air Force Base">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonopah_Test_Range_Airport" title="Tonopah Test Range Airport">Tonopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndall_Air_Force_Base" title="Tyndall Air Force Base">Tyndall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Composite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Wing" title="23rd Wing">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Wing" title="53rd Wing">53rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Wing" title="55th Wing">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Wing" title="57th Wing">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/355th_Wing" title="355th Wing">355th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/432nd_Wing" title="432nd Wing">432nd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Fighter_Wing" title="1st Fighter Wing">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Wing" title="4th Fighter Wing">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Fighter_Wing" title="20th Fighter Wing">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/325th_Fighter_Wing" title="325th Fighter Wing">325th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/366th_Fighter_Wing" title="366th Fighter Wing">366th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/388th_Fighter_Wing" title="388th Fighter Wing">388th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cyberspace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/67th_Cyberspace_Wing" title="67th Cyberspace Wing">67th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/688th_Cyberspace_Wing" title="688th Cyberspace Wing">688th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><i>Other</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="9th Reconnaissance Wing">9th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing">70th ISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="93rd Air Ground Operations Wing">93rd Air Ground Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99th_Air_Base_Wing" title="99th Air Base Wing">99th Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/319th_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="319th Reconnaissance Wing">319th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363rd_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="363rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing">363rd ISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/461st_Air_Control_Wing" title="461st Air Control Wing">461st Air Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/480th_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing">480th ISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/505th_Command_and_Control_Wing" title="505th Command and Control Wing">505th Command and Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/552nd_Air_Control_Wing" title="552nd Air Control Wing">552nd Air Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/557th_Weather_Wing" title="557th Weather Wing">557th Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/633rd_Air_Base_Wing" title="633rd Air Base Wing">633rd Air Base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="28px_Tactical_Air_Command_(TAC)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_Tactical_Air_Command" title="Template:USAF Tactical Air Command"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_Tactical_Air_Command" title="Template talk:USAF Tactical Air Command"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_Tactical_Air_Command" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF Tactical Air Command"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="28px_Tactical_Air_Command_(TAC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg/28px-Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg/42px-Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg/56px-Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a> (TAC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Air Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Air_Force" title="Eighteenth Air Force">Eighteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Air_Force" title="Nineteenth Air Force">Nineteenth</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg/70px-Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg/105px-Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg/140px-Tactical_Air_Command_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Air_Division_(United_States)" title="Air Division (United States)">Air Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Air_Division" title="20th Air Division">20th (ADTAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Air_Division" title="21st Air Division">21st (ADTAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Air_Division_(United_States)" title="23rd Air Division (United States)">23d (ADTAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Air_Division" title="24th Air Division">24th (ADTAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Air_Division" title="25th Air Division">25th (ADTAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Air_Division" title="26th Air Division">26th (ADTAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Air_Division" title="28th Air Division">28th (ADTAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/831st_Air_Division" title="831st Air Division">831st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/832d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="832d Air Division">832d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/833d_Air_Division" title="833d Air Division">833d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/834th_Airlift_Division" title="834th Airlift Division">834th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/835th_Air_Division" title="835th Air Division">835th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/836th_Air_Division" title="836th Air Division">836th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/837th_Air_Division" title="837th Air Division">837th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/838th_Air_Division" title="838th Air Division">838th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/839th_Air_Division" title="839th Air Division">839th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/840th_Air_Division" title="840th Air Division">840th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Named units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Forces_Panama" title="Air Forces Panama">Air Forces Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Keflavik" title="Naval Air Station Keflavik">Air Forces Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Defense Command">Air Defense, Tactical Air Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Major_bases_and_units_of_Tactical_Air_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Major bases and units of Tactical Air Command">Wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">TFW</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Fighter_Wing" title="1st Fighter Wing">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Wing" title="4th Fighter Wing">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Flying_Training_Wing" title="12th Flying Training Wing">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Airlift_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Airlift Wing">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Fighter_Wing" title="20th Fighter Wing">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23d_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="23d Wing">23d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Special_Operations_Wing" title="27th Special Operations Wing">27th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32d_Air_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="32d Air Operations Group">32d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="33d Fighter Wing">33d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Training_Wing" title="37th Training Wing">37th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Space_Wing" title="50th Space Wing">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Fighter_Wing" title="56th Fighter Wing">56th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/312th_Fighter_Wing" title="312th Fighter Wing">312th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323d_Flying_Training_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="323d Flying Training Wing">323d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/347th_Rescue_Wing" title="347th Rescue Wing">347th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354th_Fighter_Wing" title="354th Fighter Wing">354th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/355th_Wing" title="355th Wing">355th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Operations_Wing" title="1st Special Operations Wing">1st SOW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Wing" title="57th Wing">57th FWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63d_Airlift_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="63d Airlift Wing">63d TAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_Airlift_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="64th Airlift Wing">64th TAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_Network_Warfare_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Network Warfare Wing">67th TRW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75th_Air_Base_Wing" title="75th Air Base Wing">75th TRW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Group" title="85th Group">85th TFTW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/317th_Airlift_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="317th Airlift Wing">317th TAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363d_Flying_Training_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="363d Flying Training Group">363d TRW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="405th Air Expeditionary Wing">405th TFTW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/461st_Tactical_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="461st Tactical Bombardment Wing">461st TBW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4505th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="4505th Air Refueling Wing">4505th ARW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Major_bases_and_units_of_Tactical_Air_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Major bases and units of Tactical Air Command">Former<br />bases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Active<br />(MAJCOM)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altus_Air_Force_Base" title="Altus Air Force Base">Altus</a> (AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_City-Base" title="Brooks City-Base">Brooks</a> (AFMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Air_Force_Base" title="Cannon Air Force Base">Cannon</a> (AFSOC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Air_Force_Base" title="Charleston Air Force Base">Charleston</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creech_Air_Force_Base" title="Creech Air Force Base">Creech</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Monthan_Air_Force_Base" title="Davis–Monthan Air Force Base">Davis–Monthan (ACC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_Air_Force_Base" title="Dover Air Force Base">Dover</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyess_Air_Force_Base" title="Dyess Air Force Base">Dyess</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglin_Air_Force_Base" title="Eglin Air Force Base">Eglin</a> (AFMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Air_Force_Base" title="Hill Air Force Base">Hill</a> (AMFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Base" title="Holloman Air Force Base">Holloman</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlburt_Field" title="Hurlburt Field">Hurlburt Field</a> (AFSOC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Langley Field">Langley</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Air_Force_Base" title="Little Rock Air Force Base">Little Rock</a> (AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Air_Force_Base" title="Luke Air Force Base">Luke</a> (AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base" title="MacDill Air Force Base">MacDill</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McChord_Field" title="McChord Field">McChord</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnell_Air_Force_Base" title="McConnell Air Force Base">McConnell</a> (AMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Air_Force_Base" title="Moody Air Force Base">Moody</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home_Air_Force_Base" title="Mountain Home Air Force Base">Mountain Home</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Base" title="Nellis Air Force Base">Nellis</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Field" title="Pope Field">Pope</a> (AMC) <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Johnson_Air_Force_Base" title="Seymour Johnson Air Force Base">Seymour Johnson</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Air_Force_Base" title="Shaw Air Force Base">Shaw</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonopah_Test_Range_Airport" title="Tonopah Test Range Airport">Tonopah</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndall_Air_Force_Base" title="Tyndall Air Force Base">Tyndall</a> (AETC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteman_Air_Force_Base" title="Whiteman Air Force Base">Whiteman</a> (ACC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Bergstrom Air Force Base">Bergstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Eaker Air Force Base">Blythville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donaldson_Air_Force_Base" title="Donaldson Air Force Base">Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_Air_Force_Base" title="England Air Force Base">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes Field Air National Guard Base">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Air_Force_Base" title="George Air Force Base">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Air_Force_Base" title="Howard Air Force Base">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenier_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenier Air Force Base">Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Beach_Air_Force_Base" title="Myrtle Beach Air Force Base">Myrtle Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando Air Force Base">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewart_Air_Force_Base" title="Sewart Air Force Base">Sewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Air Force Base">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Air_Force_Base" title="Williams Air Force Base">Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Inactive,<br />but with a military presence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grissom_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Grissom Air Reserve Base">Bunker Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biggs_Army_Airfield" title="Biggs Army Airfield">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Bangor Air National Guard Base">Dow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godman_Army_Airfield" title="Godman Army Airfield">Godman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Homestead Air Reserve Base">Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base">Lockbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Air_Reserve_Base" title="March Air Reserve Base">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Otis Air National Guard Base">Otis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTV_A-7_Corsair_II" title="LTV A-7 Corsair II">A-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II" title="Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II">A-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_T-37_Tweet" title="Cessna T-37 Tweet">A-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_AC-47_Spooky" title="Douglas AC-47 Spooky">AC-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AC-119" title="Fairchild AC-119">AC-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AC-130" title="Lockheed AC-130">AC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-26_Invader" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas B-26 Invader">B-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">B-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer" title="Douglas B-66 Destroyer">B-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-7_Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="C-7 Caribou">C-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-82_Packet" title="Fairchild C-82 Packet">C-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-119_Flying_Boxcar" title="Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar">C-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-123_Provider" title="Fairchild C-123 Provider">C-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">E-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-8C_Joint_STARS" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing E-8C Joint STARS">E-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics/Grumman_EF-111A_Raven" class="mw-redirect" title="General Dynamics/Grumman EF-111A Raven">EF-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">EC-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-5_Tiger" class="mw-redirect" title="F-5 Tiger">F-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">F-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">F-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">F-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-80_Shooting_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star">F-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">F-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderstreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic F-84 Thunderstreak">F-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">F-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion" title="Northrop F-89 Scorpion">F-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">F-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">F-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-102_Delta_Dagger" title="Convair F-102 Delta Dagger">F-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">F-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">F-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">F-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">F-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk">F-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">H-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-5" title="Sikorsky H-5">H-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_OH-6_Cayuse" title="Hughes OH-6 Cayuse">H-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-19_Chickasaw" title="Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw">H-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaman_HH-43_Huskie" title="Kaman HH-43 Huskie">H-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">H-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_MH-53" title="Sikorsky MH-53">H-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KB-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing KB-29 Superfortress">KB-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KB-50_Superfortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing KB-50 Superfortress">KB-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter">KC-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_O-1_Bird_Dog" title="Cessna O-1 Bird Dog">O-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_O-2_Skymaster" title="Cessna O-2 Skymaster">O-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiller_OH-23_Raven" title="Hiller OH-23 Raven">OH-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">OV-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">P-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">P-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">R-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-62" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorsky S-62">S-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">T-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">T-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_T-29" class="mw-redirect" title="Convair T-29">T-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T-33" title="Lockheed T-33">T-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">T-38</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_USAAF_Ninth_Air_Force_in_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAAF_9th_Air_Force_UK" title="Template:USAAF 9th Air Force UK"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAAF_9th_Air_Force_UK" title="Template talk:USAAF 9th Air Force UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF_9th_Air_Force_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF 9th Air Force UK"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_USAAF_Ninth_Air_Force_in_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/20px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/30px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/40px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command#History" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Forces Central Command">Ninth Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine (Mand)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lod_Airbase" title="Lod Airbase">Lydda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqeible_Airfield" title="Muqeible Airfield">Muqueibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_David_Airbase" title="Ramat David Airbase">Ramat David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_St_Jean" title="RAF St Jean">St Jean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Suweir_Air_Base" title="Abu Suweir Air Base">Abu Sueir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailia_Air_Base" title="Ismailia Air Base">Ismailia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_El_Amiriya" title="RAF El Amiriya">El Amiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_El_Daba" title="RAF El Daba">Daba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sultan_Air_Base" title="Abu Sultan Air Base">Deversoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayid_Air_Base" title="Fayid Air Base">Fayid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibrit_Air_Base" title="Kibrit Air Base">Kabrit</a></li> <li>* <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ground_174" title="Landing Ground 174">Landing Ground 174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_International_Airport" title="Cairo International Airport">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Haneish_Airfield" title="Sidi Haneish Airfield">Sidi Haneish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baheira_Airfield" title="Baheira Airfield">Baheira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belandah_Airfield" title="Belandah Airfield">Belandah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benina_International_Airport" title="Benina International Airport">Benina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Castel_Benito" title="RAF Castel Benito">Castel Benito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berca_Airfield" title="Berca Airfield">Berca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanur_Airport" title="Nanur Airport">Darragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser_Airbase" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser Airbase">El Adem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Assa_Airfield" title="El Assa Airfield">El Assa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Gambut" title="RAF Gambut">Gambut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Lanuf_Airport" title="Ras Lanuf Airport">Hamraiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lete_Airfield" title="Lete Airfield">Lete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuba_Airbase" title="Martuba Airbase">Martuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habit_Awlad_Muhammad_Airport" title="Habit Awlad Muhammad Airport">Tmed El Chel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobruk_Airport" title="Tobruk Airport">Tobruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitiga_International_Airport" title="Mitiga International Airport">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Azeiz_Airfield" title="Sidi Azeiz Airfield">Sidi Azeiz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Gardane_Airfield" title="Ben Gardane Airfield">Ben Gardane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bou_Grara_Airfield" title="Bou Grara Airfield">Bou Grara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekira_Airfield" title="Chekira Airfield">Chekira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_Airfield" title="Hani Airfield">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazbub_Airfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazbub Airfield (page does not exist)">Hazbub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hergla_Airfield" title="Hergla Airfield">Hergla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Djem_Airfield" title="El Djem Airfield">El Djem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Haouaria_Airfield" title="El Haouaria Airfield">El Haouaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kairouan_Airfield" title="Kairouan Airfield">Kairouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medenine_Airfield" title="Medenine Airfield">Medenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzel_Heurr_Airfield" title="Menzel Heurr Airfield">Menzel Heurr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfax%E2%80%93Thyna_International_Airport" title="Sfax–Thyna International Airport">Sfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltane_Airfield" title="Soltane Airfield">Soltane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Aldermaston" title="RAF Aldermaston">Aldermaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Andover" title="RAF Andover">Andover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Andrews_Field" title="RAF Andrews Field">Andrews Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Ashford" title="RAF Ashford">Ashford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Balderton" title="RAF Balderton">Balderton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Barkston_Heath" title="RAF Barkston Heath">Barkston Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Beaulieu" title="RAF Beaulieu">Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Birch" title="RAF Birch">Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bisterne" title="RAF Bisterne">Bisterne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Boreham" title="RAF Boreham">Boreham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Bottesford" title="RAF Bottesford">Bottesford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Boxted" title="RAF Boxted">Boxted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Charmy_Down" title="RAF Charmy Down">Charmy Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalgrove_Airfield" title="Chalgrove Airfield">Chalgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Chilbolton" title="RAF Chilbolton">Chilbolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Chipping_Ongar" title="RAF Chipping Ongar">Chipping Ongar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Christchurch" title="RAF Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Cottesmore" title="RAF Cottesmore">Cottesmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earls_Colne_Airfield" title="Earls Colne Airfield">Earls Colne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter_Airport" title="Exeter Airport">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Folkingham" title="RAF Folkingham">Folkingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Fulbeck" title="RAF Fulbeck">Fulbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Gosfield" title="RAF Gosfield">Gosfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Great_Dunmow" title="RAF Great Dunmow">Great Dunmow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Greenham_Common" title="RAF Greenham Common">Greenham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Grove" title="RAF Grove">Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_High_Halden" title="RAF High Halden">High Halden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Headcorn" title="RAF Headcorn">Headcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Holmsley_South" title="RAF Holmsley South">Holmsley South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Hurn" title="RAF Hurn">Hurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Ibsley" title="RAF Ibsley">Ibsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Kingsnorth_(World_War_II)" title="RAF Kingsnorth (World War II)">Kingsnorth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Langar" title="RAF Langar">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headcorn_Aerodrome" title="Headcorn Aerodrome">Lashenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Little_Walden" title="RAF Little Walden">Little Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Lymington" title="RAF Lymington">Lymington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Matching" title="RAF Matching">Matching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Membury" title="RAF Membury">Membury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Merryfield" title="RAF Merryfield">Merryfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Wallop_Flying_Station" title="Middle Wallop Flying Station">Middle Wallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_North_Witham" title="RAF North Witham">North Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Ramsbury" title="RAF Ramsbury">Ramsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Raydon" title="RAF Raydon">Raydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Rivenhall" title="RAF Rivenhall">Rivenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Saltby" title="RAF Saltby">Saltby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Scorton" title="RAF Scorton">Scorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Staplehurst" title="RAF Staplehurst">Staplehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Spanhoe" title="RAF Spanhoe">Spanhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Stansted_Mountfitchet" title="RAF Stansted Mountfitchet">Stansted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Stoney_Cross" title="RAF Stoney Cross">Stoney Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Thruxton" title="RAF Thruxton">Thruxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Upottery" title="RAF Upottery">Upottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Warmwell" title="RAF Warmwell">Warmwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Welford" title="RAF Welford">Welford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Weston_Zoyland" title="RAF Weston Zoyland">Weston Zoyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDP_Wethersfield" title="MDP Wethersfield">Wethersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Winkton" title="RAF Winkton">Winkton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Woodchurch" title="RAF Woodchurch">Woodchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Wormingford" title="RAF Wormingford">Wormingford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Landing_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Landing Ground">Advanced Landing Grounds</a> (ALGs) in France, Belgium, Netherlands, and Germany too numerous.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_(World_War_II).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/70px-Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/105px-Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/140px-Ninth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_Air_Division" title="19th Air Division">9th Air Division (was IX Bomber Command)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Air_Defense_Command" title="IX Air Defense Command">IX Air Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Fighter_Command" title="IX Fighter Command">IX Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Tactical_Air_Command" title="IX Tactical Air Command">IX Tactical Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Troop_Carrier_Command" title="IX Troop Carrier Command">IX Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIX_Tactical_Air_Command" title="XIX Tactical Air Command">XIX Tactical Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXIX_Tactical_Air_Command_(Provisional)" title="XXIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional)">XXIX Tactical Air</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/97th_Bombardment_Wing_(U.S._Army_Air_Forces)" title="97th Bombardment Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces)">97th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Combat_Bombardment_Wing" title="98th Combat Bombardment Wing">98th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Air_Division" title="44th Air Division">99th Bombardment </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/57th_Air_Division" title="57th Air Division">8th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/348th_Tactical_Electronics_Group" title="348th Tactical Electronics Group">9th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Fighter_Wing" title="70th Fighter Wing">70th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Fighter_Wing" title="71st Fighter Wing">71st Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84th_Fighter_Wing_(World_War_II)" title="84th Fighter Wing (World War II)">84th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/404th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="404th Air Expeditionary Group">100th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/303rd_Fighter_Wing" title="303rd Fighter Wing">303d Fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Troop carrier</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50th_Troop_Carrier_Wing" title="50th Troop Carrier Wing">50th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Troop_Carrier_Wing" title="52nd Troop Carrier Wing">52d Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Fighter_Wing" title="53rd Fighter Wing">53d Troop Carrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_Operations_Group" title="12th Operations Group">12th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Operations_Group" title="98th Operations Group">98th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/322d_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="322d Air Expeditionary Group">322d Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323d_Expeditionary_Operations_Group" title="323d Expeditionary Operations Group">323d Bombardment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/340th_Flying_Training_Group" title="340th Flying Training Group">340th Bombardment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="126th Air Refueling Wing">344th Bombardment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/376th_Expeditionary_Operations_Group" title="376th Expeditionary Operations Group">376th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/386th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="386th Air Expeditionary Wing">386th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/387th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="387th Air Expeditionary Group">387th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/111th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="111th Fighter Wing">391st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/106th_Rescue_Wing" title="106th Rescue Wing">394th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/397th_Bombardment_Wing" title="397th Bombardment Wing">397th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/409th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="409th Air Expeditionary Group">409th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="410th Air Expeditionary Wing">410th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/416th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="416th Air Expeditionary Wing">416th Bombardment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/36th_Operations_Group" title="36th Operations Group">36th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Operations_Group" title="48th Operations Group">48th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Operations_Group" title="50th Operations Group">50th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Operations_Group" title="57th Operations Group">57th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Test_and_Evaluation_Group" title="53rd Test and Evaluation Group">79th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103d_Airlift_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="103d Airlift Wing">324th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/354th_Operations_Group" title="354th Operations Group">354th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="122d Fighter Wing">358th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/132nd_Wing" title="132nd Wing">365th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/128th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="128th Air Refueling Wing">362d Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363rd_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="363rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing">363d Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/366th_Operations_Group" title="366th Operations Group">366th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/133d_Operations_Group" title="133d Operations Group">367th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/136th_Airlift_Wing" title="136th Airlift Wing">368th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/370th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="370th Air Expeditionary Wing">370th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/142nd_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="142nd Fighter Wing">371st Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/373d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="373d Fighter Group">373d Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/137th_Special_Operations_Wing" title="137th Special Operations Wing">404th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="405th Air Expeditionary Group">405th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="406th Air Expeditionary Group">406th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/474th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="474th Air Expeditionary Group">474th Fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Troop carrier</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/61st_Air_Base_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="61st Air Base Group">61st Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="64th Air Expeditionary Group">64th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/313th_Expeditionary_Operations_Group" title="313th Expeditionary Operations Group">313th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/314th_Operations_Group" title="314th Operations Group">314th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/315th_Operations_Group" title="315th Operations Group">315th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/316th_Operations_Group" title="316th Operations Group">316th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/349th_Operations_Group" title="349th Operations Group">349th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/434th_Operations_Group" title="434th Operations Group">434th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435th_Operations_Group" title="435th Operations Group">435th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/436th_Operations_Group" title="436th Operations Group">436th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/437th_Operations_Group" title="437th Operations Group">437th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/438th_Air_Expeditionary_Advisory_Group" title="438th Air Expeditionary Advisory Group">438th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/439th_Operations_Group" title="439th Operations Group">439th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/440th_Operations_Group" title="440th Operations Group">440th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441st_Troop_Carrier_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="441st Troop Carrier Wing">441st Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/442nd_Operations_Group" title="442nd Operations Group">442d Troop Carrier</a></li> <li>IX Troop Carrier Pathfinder (Provisional)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Group" title="10th Tactical Reconnaissance Group">10th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_Cyberspace_Operations_Group" title="67th Cyberspace Operations Group">67th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Reconnaissance_Group" title="69th Reconnaissance Group">69th Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Liaison</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Weapons_Squadron" title="14th Weapons Squadron">14th Liaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Liaison_Squadron" title="47th Liaison Squadron">47th Liaison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Night fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/422d_Test_and_Evaluation_Squadron" title="422d Test and Evaluation Squadron">422d Night Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/425th_Fighter_Squadron" title="425th Fighter Squadron">425th Night Fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b>United States Army Air Forces</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Southern_Command" title="United States Air Forces Southern Command">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Central_Command#History" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Forces Central Command">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Air Force">Thirteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Expeditionary_Mobility_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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