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<ul id="toc-Physical_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coast_and_estuaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coast_and_estuaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Coast and estuaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coast_and_estuaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coastal_Plains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coastal_Plains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Coastal Plains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coastal_Plains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Central_Plains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Central_Plains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>North Central Plains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Central_Plains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Plains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Plains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Great Plains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Plains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mountains_and_basins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountains_and_basins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Mountains and basins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountains_and_basins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geographical_regions_that_extend_into_Texas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographical_regions_that_extend_into_Texas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Geographical regions that extend into Texas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographical_regions_that_extend_into_Texas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Texas&params=31_N_100_W_region:US-TX_type:adm1st_scale:10000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°N</span> <span class="longitude">100°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31°N 100°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31; -100</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_geographical_regions_in_Texas&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="List of geographical regions in Texas">List of geographical regions in Texas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Geography of Texas</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_topographic_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Geographic map of Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Texas_topographic_map-en.svg/260px-Texas_topographic_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Texas_topographic_map-en.svg/390px-Texas_topographic_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Texas_topographic_map-en.svg/520px-Texas_topographic_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2164" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Central_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="South Central United States">South Central United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Texas&params=31_N_100_W_region:US-TX_type:adm1st_scale:10000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°N</span> <span class="longitude">100°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31°N 100°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31; -100</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">268,581 sq mi (695,620 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coastline</th><td class="infobox-data">367 mi (591 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Peak" title="Guadalupe Peak">Guadalupe Peak</a>, 8,749 feet (2,667 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, sea level</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>geography of Texas</b> is diverse and large. Occupying about 7% of the total water and land area of the U.S.,<sup id="cite_ref-Tx_Almanac_Area_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tx_Almanac_Area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is the second largest state after <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, and is the southernmost part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>, which end in the south against the folded <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_Oriental" title="Sierra Madre Oriental">Sierra Madre Oriental</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> is in the <a href="/wiki/South_Central_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="South Central United States">South Central United States</a> of America, and is considered to form part of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Southern_States" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Southern States">U.S. South</a> and also part of the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest United States">U.S. Southwest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By residents, the state is generally divided into <a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a> and, sometimes, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Panhandle">Panhandle</a>, but according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Almanac" title="Texas Almanac">Texas Almanac</a></i>, Texas has four major physical regions: Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and Basin and Range Province. This has been cited as the difference between <a href="/wiki/Human_geography" title="Human geography">human geography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">physical geography</a>, although the fact that Texas was granted <a href="/wiki/Texas_divisionism" title="Texas divisionism">the prerogative to divide into as many as five U.S. states</a> may be a historical motive for Texans defining their state as containing exactly five regions.<sup id="cite_ref-State_division_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_division-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/List_of_geographical_regions_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of geographical regions in Texas">regions in Texas</a> are more associated with the <a href="/wiki/American_Southeast" class="mw-redirect" title="American Southeast">American Southeast</a> (primarily East Texas, Central Texas, and North Texas). The Panhandle is part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> and is considered by many to have more in common with parts of the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> than either the South or Southwest. Geographically and culturally, <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a> is closer to New Mexico or Arizona than it is to Austin or to East Texas. The size of Texas prohibits easy categorization of the entire state wholly in any recognized region of the United States, and even <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diversity" title="Cultural diversity">cultural diversity</a> among regions of the state makes it difficult to treat Texas as a region in its own right. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_geography">Physical geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physical geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Texas covers a total area of 268,581 square miles (695,622 km<sup>2</sup>). The longest straight-line distance is from the northwest corner of the panhandle to the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> river just below <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a>, 801 miles (1,289 km).<sup id="cite_ref-Tx_Almanac_Area_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tx_Almanac_Area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greatest east–west distance is 773 miles (1,244 km) from the extreme eastward bend in the <a href="/wiki/Sabine_River_(Texas%E2%80%93Louisiana)" title="Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)">Sabine River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Texas" title="Newton County, Texas">Newton County</a> to the extreme western bulge of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> just above <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TexasWidth_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TexasWidth-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest continental state is so expansive that El Paso, in the western corner of the state, is closer to <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a>, than to the <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>/<a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a> area, near the Louisiana state line; while <a href="/wiki/Orange,_Texas" title="Orange, Texas">Orange</a>, on the border with Louisiana, is closer to <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>, than it is to El Paso. <a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</a>, in the northeastern corner of the state, is about the same distance from <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a>, as it is from El Paso, and <a href="/wiki/Dalhart,_Texas" title="Dalhart, Texas">Dalhart</a>, in the northwestern corner of the state, is closer to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">state capitals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Wyoming</a> than it is to <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, its own state capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Stats_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The geographic center of Texas is about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Brady,_Texas" title="Brady, Texas">Brady</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/McCulloch_County,_Texas" title="McCulloch County, Texas">McCulloch County</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Peak" title="Guadalupe Peak">Guadalupe Peak</a>, at 8,749 feet (2,666.7 m) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>, is the highest point in Texas, the lowest being sea level where Texas meets the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Netstate_Tx_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netstate_Tx-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Texas has five state forests and 120 <a href="/wiki/State_park" title="State park">state parks</a> totalling over 605,000 acres (2,450 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-About.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 3,700 named streams and 15 major river systems flowing through 191,000 miles (307,000 km) of Texas, supporting over 212 <a href="/wiki/Reservoir_(water)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reservoir (water)">reservoirs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rivers_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivers-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With 10 <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">climatic regions</a>, 14 <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_soil_science" title="Agricultural soil science">soil regions</a>, and 11 distinct <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecological regions</a>, regional classification becomes problematic with differences in soils, topography, geology, rainfall, and plant and animal communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Tx_eco_regions_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tx_eco_regions-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coast_and_estuaries">Coast and estuaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Coast and estuaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the 367-mile (591 km) Gulf coastline of Texas is paralleled by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_barrier_islands" title="Texas barrier islands">Texas barrier islands</a>, many of which enclose a <a href="/wiki/Estuaries_of_Texas" title="Estuaries of Texas">series of estuaries</a> where the state's rivers mix with water from the Gulf of Mexico. These water bodies include some of the largest and most ecologically productive coastal estuaries in the United States and contribute significantly to the ecological and economic resources of Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coastal_Plains">Coastal Plains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coastal Plains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caddo_Lake-_Cypress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caddo_Lake-_Cypress.jpg/200px-Caddo_Lake-_Cypress.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caddo_Lake-_Cypress.jpg/300px-Caddo_Lake-_Cypress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caddo_Lake-_Cypress.jpg/400px-Caddo_Lake-_Cypress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Lake" title="Caddo Lake">Caddo Lake</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coastal_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coastal Plains">Gulf Coastal Plains</a> extends from the Gulf of Mexico inland to the <a href="/wiki/Balcones_Fault" title="Balcones Fault">Balcones Fault</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Eastern Cross Timbers</a>. This large area stretches from the cities of <a href="/wiki/Paris,_Texas" title="Paris, Texas">Paris</a> to <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> to <a href="/wiki/Del_Rio,_Texas" title="Del Rio, Texas">Del Rio</a> but shows a large variety in vegetation. Ranging from 20 to 58 inches (510 to 1,470 mm) of annual rainfall, this is a nearly level, drained plain dissected by streams and rivers flowing into coastal estuaries and <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a>. Windblown sands and dunes, grasslands, oak mottes and salt marshes make up the seaward areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Regions_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regions-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park">National Parks</a> include <a href="/wiki/Big_Thicket_National_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Thicket National Preserve">Big Thicket National Preserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padre_Island_National_Seashore" title="Padre Island National Seashore">Padre Island National Seashore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Battlefield_National_Historic_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site">Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NatParks_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatParks-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Central_Plains">North Central Plains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: North Central Plains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caprock_Escarpment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Caprock_Escarpment.jpg/400px-Caprock_Escarpment.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Caprock_Escarpment.jpg/600px-Caprock_Escarpment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Caprock_Escarpment.jpg/800px-Caprock_Escarpment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3231" data-file-height="873" /></a><figcaption>Looking north at the Caprock Escarpment.</figcaption></figure> <p>The North Central Plains are bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Caprock_Escarpment" title="Caprock Escarpment">Caprock Escarpment</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers#29b:_Eastern_Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Eastern Cross Timbers</a> to the east. This area includes the North Central Plains around the cities of <a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers#29c:_Western_Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Western Cross Timbers</a> to the west of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers#29d:_Grand_Prairie" title="Cross Timbers">Grand Prairie</a>, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east of <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>. With about 35 to 50 inches (890 to 1,270 mm) annual rainfall, gently rolling to hilly forested land is part of a larger pine-hardwood forest of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">hickories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nyssa_sylvatica" title="Nyssa sylvatica">gum</a> trees.<sup id="cite_ref-Regions_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regions-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soils vary from coarse sands to tight clays or shet rock clays and <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rolling_Plains_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Plains-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Plains">Great Plains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Great Plains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Hill_Country_Near_I-10,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Texas_Hill_Country_Near_I-10%2C_2004.jpg/200px-Texas_Hill_Country_Near_I-10%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Texas_Hill_Country_Near_I-10%2C_2004.jpg/300px-Texas_Hill_Country_Near_I-10%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Texas_Hill_Country_Near_I-10%2C_2004.jpg/400px-Texas_Hill_Country_Near_I-10%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Panhandle">Panhandle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a>, Toyah Basin, and the <a href="/wiki/Llano_Uplift" title="Llano Uplift">Llano Uplift</a>. It is bordered on the east by the <a href="/wiki/Caprock_Escarpment" title="Caprock Escarpment">Caprock Escarpment</a> in the panhandle and by the <a href="/wiki/Balcones_Fault" title="Balcones Fault">Balcones Fault</a> to the southeast. Cities in this region include <a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a> is a popular name for the area of hills along the <a href="/wiki/Balcones_Escarpment" class="mw-redirect" title="Balcones Escarpment">Balcones Escarpment</a> and is a transitional area between the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coastal_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coastal Plains">Gulf Coastal Plains</a>. With about 15 to 31 inches (380 to 790 mm) annual rainfall, the southern end of the Great Plains are gently rolling plains of shrub and grassland, and home to the dramatic <a href="/wiki/Caprock_Canyons_State_Park_and_Trailway" title="Caprock Canyons State Park and Trailway">Caprock Canyons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palo_Duro_Canyon" title="Palo Duro Canyon">Palo Duro Canyon</a> state parks.<sup id="cite_ref-Regions_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regions-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Playa_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Playa lake">playa lakes</a> in the world (nearly 22,000) is on the Southern High Plains of Texas and Eastern <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>. </p><p>Texas's <a href="/wiki/Texas_blackland_prairies" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas blackland prairies">blackland prairies</a> were some of the first areas farmed in Texas. Highly expansive <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clays</a> with characteristic dark coloration, called the Houston Black series, occur on about 1.5 million acres (6,000 km<sup>2</sup>) extending from north of Dallas south to San Antonio. The Professional Soil Scientists Association of Texas has recommended to the State Legislature that the <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> Black series be designated the State soil. The series was established in 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-Soil_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soil-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National Parks in this area are the <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Historical_Park" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park">Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Missions_National_Historical_Park" title="San Antonio Missions National Historical Park">San Antonio Missions National Historical Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NatParks_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatParks-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountains_and_basins">Mountains and basins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mountains and basins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Capitan_base_2005-03-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/El_Capitan_base_2005-03-12.jpg/220px-El_Capitan_base_2005-03-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/El_Capitan_base_2005-03-12.jpg/330px-El_Capitan_base_2005-03-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/El_Capitan_base_2005-03-12.jpg/440px-El_Capitan_base_2005-03-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(Texas)" title="El Capitan (Texas)">El Capitan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a> Natural Region has less than 12 inches (300 mm) annual rainfall. The most complex Natural Region, it includes Sand Hills, the <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Stockton Plateau</a>, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes and desert grasslands. The <a href="/wiki/Basin_and_Range_Province" title="Basin and Range Province">Basin and Range Province</a> is in West Texas, west of the <a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos River</a>, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Davis_Mountains" title="Davis Mountains">Davis Mountains</a> on the east and the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> to its west and south. The Trans-Pecos region is the only part of Texas regarded as mountainous and includes seven named peaks in elevation greater than 8,000 feet (2,400 m). This region includes sand hills, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes and desert grasslands.<sup id="cite_ref-Regions_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regions-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vegetation diversity includes at least 268 <a href="/wiki/Grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Grass">grass</a> species and 447 species of <a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">woody plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trans-Pecos_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trans-Pecos-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National Parks include the <a href="/wiki/Amistad_National_Recreation_Area" title="Amistad National Recreation Area">Amistad National Recreation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park">Big Bend National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamizal_National_Memorial" title="Chamizal National Memorial">Chamizal National Memorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Davis_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Davis National Historic Site">Fort Davis National Historic Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Mountains_National_Park" title="Guadalupe Mountains National Park">Guadalupe Mountains National Park</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Wild_and_Scenic_River" title="Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River">Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NatParks_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatParks-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area is part of the <a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Texas" title="Climate of Texas">Climate of Texas</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Texas_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/300px-Texas_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Texas_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/450px-Texas_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Texas_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/600px-Texas_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1247" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> types of Texas</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">Continental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain climate">Mountain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">Modified Marine</a> are the three major <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climatic types</a> of Texas, with no distinguishable boundaries. Modified Marine, or subtropical, dominates the majority of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Tx_A&M_Climate_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tx_A&M_Climate-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Texas has an annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> range from 60.57 inches (1,538 mm) in <a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Texas" title="Jasper County, Texas">Jasper County</a>, East Texas, to 9.43 inches (240 mm) in <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>. The record high of 120 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a> (49 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>) was reached at <a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Texas" title="Seymour, Texas">Seymour</a> on 12 August 1936, and <a href="/wiki/Monahans,_Texas" title="Monahans, Texas">Monahans</a> on 28 June 1994. The low also ties at −23 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a> (−31 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Tulia,_Texas" title="Tulia, Texas">Tulia</a> on 12 February 1899, and <a href="/wiki/Seminole,_Texas" title="Seminole, Texas">Seminole</a> on 8 February 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-Tx_Almanac_Climate_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tx_Almanac_Climate-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Texas" title="Geology of Texas">Geology of Texas</a></div> <p>Texas is mostly <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentary rocks">sedimentary rocks</a>, with East Texas underlain by a <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> and younger sequence of sediments, the trace of ancient shorelines east and south until the <a href="/wiki/Active_continental_margin" class="mw-redirect" title="Active continental margin">active continental margin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> is met.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This sequence is built atop the subsided crest of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Mountains" title="Ouachita Mountains">Ouachita Mountains</a>–<a href="/wiki/Marathon_Uplift" title="Marathon Uplift">Marathon Mountains</a> zone of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Continental_collision" title="Continental collision">continental collision</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Post-orogenic_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-orogenic collapse">collapsed</a> when <a href="/wiki/Rifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifting">rifting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> time opened the Gulf of Mexico. West from this <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">orogenic</a> crest, which is buried beneath the <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a>–<a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>–<a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> trend, the sediments are <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> in age. <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Oil</a> is found in the Cretaceous sediments in the east, the Permian sediments in the west, and along the Gulf coast and out on the Texas <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a>. A few exposures of <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Igneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous">igneous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rocks</a> are found in the central and western parts of the state, and <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> rocks are found in far west Texas, in the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bend,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Bend, Texas">Big Bend</a> area. A blanket of <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> sediments known as the <a href="/wiki/Ogallala_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogallala formation">Ogallala formation</a> in the western high plains region is an important <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifer</a>. Texas has no active or dormant volcanoes and few earthquakes, being situated far from an active <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Plate tectonic">plate tectonic</a> boundary. The Big Bend area is the most seismically active; however, the area is sparsely populated and suffers minimal damages and injuries, and no known fatalities have been attributed to a Texas earthquake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resources">Resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With a large supply of <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>, Texas is a major <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industrial</a> state, producing oil, cattle, sheep, and cotton. The state also produces poultry, eggs, dairy products, greenhouse and nursery products, wheat, hay, rice, sugar cane, and peanuts, and a range of fruits and vegetables.<sup id="cite_ref-InfoResources_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoResources-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Asphalt</a>-bearing rocks, mainly cretaceous limestones, occur in <a href="/wiki/Bexar_County,_Texas" title="Bexar County, Texas">Bexar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burnet_County,_Texas" title="Burnet County, Texas">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinney_County,_Texas" title="Kinney County, Texas">Kinney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uvalde_County,_Texas" title="Uvalde County, Texas">Uvalde</a>, and other counties.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">Cement</a> is produced in Bexar, Comal, Dallas, Ector, Ellis, El Paso, Harris, Hays, McLennan, Nolan, Nueces, Potter, and Tarrant counties. Historically, Texas' Portland cement output accounts for about 10% of the annual United States production.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>With an abundance of various types of <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clays</a>, Texas is one of the leading producers of clays.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituminous_coal" title="Bituminous coal">Bituminous coal</a> occurs primarily in Coleman, Eastland, Erath, Jack, McCulloch, Montague, Palo Pinto, Parker, Throckmorton, Wise, and Young counties of Texas. <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">Lignite</a>, or brown coal, occurs in deposits in the Texas Coastal Plain.</li> <li>Fluorspar or <a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">fluorite</a> is an important industrial mineral used in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>, aluminum, <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fluorocarbon" title="Fluorocarbon">fluorocarbons</a>. It occurs at several localities in the Trans-Pecos and Llano regions of Texas.</li> <li>Collecting <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstone</a> rock and mineral specimens has proved quite profitable. <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">jasper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnabar" title="Cinnabar">cinnabar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">fluorite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrified_wood" title="Petrified wood">petrified wood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tektites" class="mw-redirect" title="Tektites">tektites</a> are all commonly collected.</li> <li>Deposits of <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> occur in the Llano region and was previously produced in Burnet County.</li> <li>Bat <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> occurs in numerous caverns in the Edwards Plateau and in the Trans-Pecos region and to a more limited extent in Central Texas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">Gypsum</a> is extensively developed in Texas where the main occurrences are in the <a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a>, the Cretaceous <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Formation" title="Edwards Formation">Edwards Formation</a> in Gillespie and Menard counties, and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a> salt domes of Harris County and previously Brooks County.</li> <li>Texas is the leading producer of <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> solely from the Cliffside gas field near Amarillo.</li> <li>Deposits of <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> are present in northeastern Texas as well as several in Central Texas.</li> <li>Elements of the <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanide</a> series are commonly termed rare-earth elements. Several of the rare earths have anomalous concentrations in the <a href="/wiki/Rhyolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhyolitic">rhyolitic</a> and related igneous rocks in the Trans-Pecos area of Texas. A deposit containing several rare-earth minerals was exposed at Barringer Hill in Llano County before it was covered by the waters of Lake Buchanan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestones</a>, abundant in many parts of Texas, are used in the manufacture of lime. Plants for the production of lime are operating in Bexar, Bosque, Burnet, Comal, Deaf Smith, Hill, Johnson, Nueces, and Travis counties.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chloride" title="Magnesium chloride">Magnesium chloride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">magnesium sulfate</a> and other mineral salts are present in the Upper <a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a> and in the underlying playas of the High Plains.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a> is known to occur in <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> rocks in Mason and Llano counties, in Val Verde County, in Jeff Davis County, and in Dickens County.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">Mica</a> is present in Precambrian pegmatite in the Llano region.</li> <li>Common <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a> occurs on the Texas Coastal Plain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salts</a> occurs in large quantities in salt domes in the Texas Coastal Plain and with other evaporites in the Permian Basin of West Texas, as well as near <a href="/wiki/Grand_Saline,_Texas" title="Grand Saline, Texas">Grand Saline, Texas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">Sands</a> used for industrial purposes commonly have been found in the Texas Coastal Plains, East Texas, north central Texas, and Central Texas; and sand mines have opened in the Shinnery (dunes) ecosystem of northern West Texas and the eastern part of the West Wingtip.</li> <li>The discovery of <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> in Texas has been credited by some to Franciscans who discovered and operated mines near El Paso about 1680. Documented silver production started in the late 1880s at the Presidio Mine, in <a href="/wiki/Presidio_County,_Texas" title="Presidio County, Texas">Presidio County</a>. Texas produced 32,663,405 troy ounces of silver between 1885 and 1955.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> occurs in the caprocks of salt domes in the Gulf Coastal Plain, in Permian-age bedded deposits in Trans-Pecos Texas.</li> <li>In the past, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> was produced from surface mines in Atascosa, Gonzales, Karnes, and Live Oak counties. All uranium mines are closed and Texas is no longer a producer.<sup id="cite_ref-Resources_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Resources-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Barnett_Shale" title="Barnett Shale">Barnett Shale</a>, located in the Fort Worth basin, has gained attention in recent years as a source of natural gas. Controversy regarding drilling and exploration rights is an issue.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions">Regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several different methods used to describe the <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geological</a> differences within the state, and there are often subdivisions within a region which more accurately describe both the terrain and the culture.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because there is no single standard for subdividing the regions of Texas, many accepted areas either overlap or seem to contradict others. All are included for completeness. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Economic_Regions_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Texas_Economic_Regions_2022.svg/450px-Texas_Economic_Regions_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Texas_Economic_Regions_2022.svg/675px-Texas_Economic_Regions_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Texas_Economic_Regions_2022.svg/900px-Texas_Economic_Regions_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/MECE" class="mw-redirect" title="MECE">MECE</a> (mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive) partition of the 254 counties into 12 economic regions is used by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_comptroller" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas comptroller">Texas comptroller</a> for various analysis and reporting purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alamo,_Texas_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alamo, Texas (region) (page does not exist)">Alamo</a>, an economic region defined by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Comptroller_of_Public_Accounts" title="Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts">Texas Comptroller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_(Texas)" title="Big Bend (Texas)">Big Bend</a>, a sub-region in the south of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a> region located along the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_blackland_prairies" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas blackland prairies">Blackland Prairies</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> that stretches between <a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a> and the Alamo region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_Valley" title="Brazos Valley">Brazos Valley</a>, comprising seven closely related counties in <a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_River" title="Canadian River">Canadian River</a> Valley, which is centered around a prominent <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas River</a> in Northwest Texas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a>, one of the regions used by the Texas Comptroller. Central Texas overlaps with <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concho_Valley" title="Concho Valley">Concho Valley</a>, a sub-region of <a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a> centered around the <a href="/wiki/Concho_River" title="Concho River">Concho River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Coastal_Bend" title="Texas Coastal Bend">Coastal Bend</a>, which follows a curved stretch in the center of <a href="/wiki/Texas_Gulf_Coast" title="Texas Gulf Coast">Texas's Gulf Coast</a>. The Coastal Bend region overlaps with the Alamo region, <a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Comptroller_of_Public_Accounts" title="Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts">Texas Comptroller's</a> Gulf Coast region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Gulf_Coast" title="Texas Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a>, also known as Texas Gulf Coast, which can refer to either an economic region defined by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Comptroller_of_Public_Accounts" title="Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts">Texas Comptroller</a> or a geographical region encompassing all of Texas's coastline on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Texas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Texas (page does not exist)">Northwest Texas</a>, an economic region defined by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Comptroller_of_Public_Accounts" title="Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts">Texas Comptroller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Grande Valley (Texas)">Rio Grande Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vernacular term 'South Plains' is part of Llano Estacado, listed above.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Panhandle">Texas Panhandle</a>, known to the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Comptroller_of_Public_Accounts" title="Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts">Texas Comptroller</a> as the High Plains.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is sometimes defined as only the 26 northernmost counties that are on <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> with <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Urban_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Urban Triangle">Texas Urban Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geographical_regions_that_extend_into_Texas">Geographical regions that extend into Texas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geographical regions that extend into Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Belt_in_the_American_South" title="Black Belt in the American South">Black Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Texas" title="List of rivers of Texas">List of rivers of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Texas">List of lakes in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">List of regions of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_the_United_States_(EPA)" title="List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)">List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tx_Almanac_Area-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tx_Almanac_Area_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tx_Almanac_Area_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texasalmanac.com/topics/environment/environment">"Texas' Natural Environment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Almanac" title="Texas Almanac">Texas Almanac</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Almanac&rft.atitle=Texas%27+Natural+Environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftexasalmanac.com%2Ftopics%2Fenvironment%2Fenvironment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNova_Lomax2015" class="citation web cs1">Nova Lomax, John (March 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasmonthly.com/the-daily-post/is-texas-southern-western-or-truly-a-lone-star/">"Is Texas Southern, Western, or Truly a Lone Star?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Monthly&rft.atitle=Is+Texas+Southern%2C+Western%2C+or+Truly+a+Lone+Star%3F&rft.date=2015-03-03&rft.aulast=Nova+Lomax&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasmonthly.com%2Fthe-daily-post%2Fis-texas-southern-western-or-truly-a-lone-star%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-State_division-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-State_division_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2014" class="citation web cs1">Cox, Mike (December 31, 2014) [November 4, 2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasescapes.com/MikeCoxTexasTales/211Texas-County-Seats-and-Counties-Name-Confusion.htm">"New Geography: Remapping of the Lone Star State & Place Name Tweaking of Several Counties and County Seats"</a>. Texas Escapes.com. Texas Tales<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Geography%3A+Remapping+of+the+Lone+Star+State+%26+Place+Name+Tweaking+of+Several+Counties+and+County+Seats&rft.pages=Texas+Tales&rft.pub=Texas+Escapes.com&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasescapes.com%2FMikeCoxTexasTales%2F211Texas-County-Seats-and-Counties-Name-Confusion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TexasWidth-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TexasWidth_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://texasalmanac.com/topics/environment/environment">"Texas Almanac"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+Almanac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftexasalmanac.com%2Ftopics%2Fenvironment%2Fenvironment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stats-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stats_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statemaster.com/state/TX-texas/geo-geography">"StateMaster"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=StateMaster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statemaster.com%2Fstate%2FTX-texas%2Fgeo-geography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Netstate_Tx-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Netstate_Tx_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/tx_geography.htm">"Netstate"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Netstate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fgeography%2Ftx_geography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About.com-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-About.com_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130101194550/http://geography.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108277.html">"About.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108277.html">the original</a> on 2013-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Fgi%2Fdynamic%2Foffsite.htm%3Fsite%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fipa%2FA0108277.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rivers-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rivers_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/habitats/rivers/">"Tx Parks and Wildlife"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tx+Parks+and+Wildlife&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tpwd.state.tx.us%2Flandwater%2Fwater%2Fhabitats%2Frivers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tx_eco_regions-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tx_eco_regions_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080603175718/http://www.texasep.org/html/lnd/lnd_1reg.html">"Tx Environmental Profiles"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasep.org/html/lnd/lnd_1reg.html">the original</a> on 2008-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tx+Environmental+Profiles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasep.org%2Fhtml%2Flnd%2Flnd_1reg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twdb.texas.gov/surfacewater/bays/index.asp">"Bays & Estuaries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Water_Development_Board" title="Texas Water Development Board">Texas Water Development Board</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Water+Development+Board&rft.atitle=Bays+%26+Estuaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twdb.texas.gov%2Fsurfacewater%2Fbays%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regions-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Regions_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Regions_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Regions_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Regions_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lone-star.net/mall/txtrails/regions.htm">"LoneStarInternet"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comptroller.texas.gov&rft.atitle=The+High+Plains+Region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomptroller.texas.gov%2Feconomy%2Feconomic-data%2Fregions%2F2020%2Fhigh-plains.php%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%252041-county%2520High%2520Plains%2Cmetropolitan%2520area%2520in%2520the%2520south.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Texas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Texas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas" title="Template:Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas" title="Template talk:Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Texas-related_articles" title="Index of Texas-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Texas" title="Outline of Texas">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Texas" title="Architecture of Texas">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Texas" title="Climate of Texas">Climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Texas" title="Climate change in Texas">Climate change</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Texas" title="Healthcare in Texas">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Texas" title="Languages of Texas">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Texas" title="Law of Texas">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_literature" title="Texas literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Texas" title="Category:Mass media in Texas">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Texas" title="List of newspapers in Texas">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Texas" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">National Register of Historic Places Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmarks" title="List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks">Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Texas" title="Sports in Texas">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_state_symbols" title="List of Texas state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Texas" title="List of people from Texas">Texans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Texas" title="Time in Texas">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Texas" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Texas">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Texas" title="Transportation in Texas">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Texas" title="Abortion in Texas">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Texas" title="Culture of Texas">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Texas" title="Crime in Texas">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Texas" title="Demographics of Texas">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Texas" title="Economy of Texas">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Texas" title="Education in Texas">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Texas" title="Gambling in Texas">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Texas" title="Gun laws in Texas">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Texas">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Texas">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Texas" title="Politics of Texas">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark‑La‑Tex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_(Texas)" title="Big Bend (Texas)">Big Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Chica_(Texas)" title="Boca Chica (Texas)">Boca Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blackland_Prairies" title="Texas Blackland Prairies">Blackland Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_Valley" title="Brazos Valley">Brazos Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Coastal_Bend" title="Texas Coastal Bend">Coastal Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concho_Valley" title="Concho Valley">Concho Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Triangle (Texas)">Golden Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Plains" title="Osage Plains">Osage Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_panhandle" title="Texas panhandle">Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Lower Rio Grande Valley">Rio Grande Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texoma" title="Texoma">Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_metropolitan_areas" title="List of Texas metropolitan areas">Metropolitan<br />areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Greater Austin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>–<a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Texas" title="Port Arthur, Texas">Port Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">DFW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>–<a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas">Sugar Land</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Temple,_Texas" title="Temple, Texas">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kilgore,_Texas" title="Kilgore, Texas">Kilgore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mission,_Texas" title="Mission, Texas">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>–<a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a>–<a href="/wiki/Denison,_Texas" title="Denison, Texas">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Creek_(Texas)" title="Wagner Creek (Texas)">Wagner Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">List of counties in Texas</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._political_divisions_geographies" title="Template:U.S. political divisions geographies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._political_divisions_geographies" title="Template talk:U.S. political divisions geographies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._political_divisions_geographies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. political divisions geographies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Alabama" title="Geography of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Alaska" title="Geography of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Arizona" title="Geography of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Arkansas" title="Geography of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Colorado" title="Geography of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Connecticut" title="Geography of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Florida" title="Geography of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Geography of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Idaho" title="Geography of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Illinois" title="Geography of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indiana" title="Geography of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iowa" title="Geography of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kansas" title="Geography of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kentucky" title="Geography of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Maryland" title="Geography of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Massachusetts" title="Geography of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Michigan" title="Geography of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Minnesota" title="Geography of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Missouri" title="Geography of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montana" title="Geography of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nevada" title="Geography of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Jersey" title="Geography of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Mexico" title="Geography of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_(state)" title="Geography of New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Carolina" title="Geography of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Dakota" title="Geography of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Oklahoma" title="Geography of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Oregon" title="Geography of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pennsylvania" title="Geography of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Dakota" title="Geography of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tennessee" title="Geography of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Utah" title="Geography of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vermont" title="Geography of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Washington_(state)" title="Geography of Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wisconsin" title="Geography of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wyoming" title="Geography of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Geography of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guam" title="Geography of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Geography of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Geography of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Geography of the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Baker_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Howland_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jarvis_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Johnston_Atoll" 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