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class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Rafael María Baralt Pérez</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/20266/rafael-maria-baralt-perez" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Baralt Pérez, Rafael María</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">. Maracaibo (Venezuela), 3.VII.1810 – Madrid, 4.I.1860. Académico de número de la Real Academia Española, periodista, historiador y poeta.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Su niñez transcurrió en la República Dominicana, de donde era oriunda su madre, Ana Francisca Pérez. Tenía profundas raíces españolas, pues su abuelo paterno fue un marino nacido en Arenys de Mar. Cuando en 1823 volvió a Venezuela se alistó en el ejército venezolano y fue testigo de la batalla de Maracaibo. Tres años después se trasladó a Bogotá, donde estudió Latín y Filosofía. De vuelta a Venezuela continúa en el ejército, donde es nombrado oficial único de la oficina de correos del departamento del Zulia, oficial del Estado Mayor, en 1830, y, posteriormente, secretario del general Santiago Mariño, a quien acompañó en la Revolución de 1835. Ya en Caracas estudia Agrimensura en la Academia militar de Matemáticas y se incorpora a la vida intelectual y cultural de dicha ciudad: participa en la Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País y colabora en periódicos </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">(El Correo de Caracas) </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">y revistas donde publica artículos costumbristas. Es invitado a participar en un importante proyecto que dirige Agustín Codazzi, la publicación del atlas de Venezuela y del </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Resumen de la geografía de Venezuela.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En 1841 marchó a París con el proyecto de publicar el </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Resumen de la Historia de Venezuela </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">que redactó en colaboración con Ramón Díaz Flores. Cuando regresa a Venezuela se le encomienda el estudio de los límites venezolanos con la Guayana inglesa. Para ello viaja de nuevo a Europa, primero a Londres, a las órdenes de Alejo Fortique, ministro plenipotenciario venezolano; después a Sevilla para trabajar en los archivos. En esos momentos escribe su oda </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Adiós a la patria.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Se afilió al partido progresista y formó parte de la coalición que a mediados de 1843 derribó la regencia de Espartero. Parece que llegó a Madrid en 1846 y pasó de ser casi un desconocido a convertirse en una figura de primera línea en el periodismo político del momento. Comenzó a colaborar en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El Tiempo, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">donde publicó, el 15 de diciembre de 1846, su </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Oda a España. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Se incorpora a la redacción de </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El Espectador, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">dirigido por Santos Lerín, y, posteriormente, a la de </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El Siglo, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">que luego dirige, donde publica una serie de importantes artículos sobre la libertad de imprenta, por los que fue detenido y encarcelado. Alcanza entonces un reconocimiento que se consolida cuando aparece su </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diccionario Matriz de la lengua castellana, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">del que sólo se publica el plan general, y, sobre todo, cuando se publica su </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diccionario de galicismos, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">con prólogo de Hartzenbusch, que trató con profundidad el problema de la penetración del francés en los medios culturales. Su labor filológica fue exaltada por Andrés Bello y Milá y Fontanals.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En 1849 obtiene el primer premio del Liceo de Madrid por su </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Oda a Cristóbal Colón; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">en 1852 fue nombrado vocal de la Junta consultiva de teatros del Reino y el 27 de noviembre de 1853 pronuncia su discurso de ingreso en la Real Academia Española dedicado por entero a su antecesor en la Silla R</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">: Juicio crítico del Marqués de Valdegamas, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">que contestó Joaquín Francisco Pacheco. Es el primer escritor americano que entra a formar parte de dicha corporación.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Ocupa la dirección de la </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Gaceta de Madrid </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">y de la Imprenta Nacional y es nombrado comendador de la Real Orden de Carlos III. El gobierno de la República Dominicana lo designa ministro plenipotenciario para pactar con España el tratado de reconocimiento de la nueva nación, gestión que le acarreó serios disgustos.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">La obra de Baralt fue editada por la Universidad del Zulia entre 1960 y 1970, coordinada por Pedro Grases. Colaboraron en la preparación de los diversos volúmenes Guillermo Díaz Plaja, Millares Carlo y Pedro P. Barnola. En 1982 fue creada en su honor en Cabimas, Venezuela, la Universidad Nacional Experimental Rafael María Baralt. Un municipio del estado del Zulia lleva hoy su nombre.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Obras de ~: con R. Díaz, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Resumen de la historia de Venezuela desde el año 1797 hasta el de 1830, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">París, Imprenta de H. Fournier, 1841; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Poesías, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Imprenta de El Siglo, 1848; con N. Fernández Cuesta, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Causa formada al brigadier Don Eduardo Fernández San Román, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Imprenta Andrés Peña, 1849, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historia de las Cortes de 1848 a 1849, Programas políticos, Libertad de imprenta </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">y </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Lo pasado y presente, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Celestino G. Álvarez, 1849; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Oda a Cristóbal Colón, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Celestino G. Álvarez, 1850; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diccionario Matriz de la lengua castellana. Prospecto, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Celestino G. Álvarez, 1850; con M. Cañete, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Odas a S. M. la Reina Doña Isabel II, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Imprenta de la calle San Vicente, 1851; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Juicio crítico al marqués de Valdegamas, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">discurso de ingreso en la Real Academia Española, leído el 27 de noviembre de 1853 (en VV. AA., </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Discursos leídos en las recepciones públicas que ha celebrado desde 1847 la Real Academia Española, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">vol. II, Madrid, Imprenta Nacional, 1860); </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diccionario de Galicismos: voces, locuciones y frases de la lengua francesa que se han introducido en el habla castellana moderna, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Imprenta Nacional, 1855; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Letras españolas: (primera mitad del siglo XIX), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Edit. América, ¿1918?; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Idilios, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Caracas, Ministerio de Educación, 1958; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Obras completas, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Maracaibo, Universidad del Zulia, Barcelona, Clarasó, 1960-1970; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Obras literarias publicadas e inéditas de Rafael María Baralt, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ed. y est. crít. de G. Díaz-Plaja, Madrid, Atlas, 1967.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: T. Rodríguez Rubí, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Discursos leídos ante la Real Academia Española en la recepción de D. Tomás Rodríguez Rubí el 17 de junio de 1860: (Excelencia, importancia y estado presente del teatro; contestación de D. Antonio Ferrer del Río), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Imprenta de V. Matute, 1860; J. de la Pezuela, [Apéndice] </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Discursos leídos ante la Real Academia de la Historia en la recepción pública de Jacobo de Pezuela el dia 21 de mayo de 1866, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Imprenta de Ramón de Soler, 1866; S. M. Granés, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Calabazas y cabezas: Semblanzas de personajes, personas y personillas que figuran o quieren figurar en política, literatura, armas, ciencias o tauromaquia, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, M. Romero, 1879; J. Mir y Noguera, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Prontuario de hispanismo y barbarismo, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Tipografía Moderna, 1908; M. Legendre, “Diccionarios y traducciones”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Boletín de la Real Academia Española, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">XXVIII (1948); J. M. Núñez Ponte, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Rafael María Baralt, celador diligente de los tesoros y ritualidad de la lenguas, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Caracas, Tipografía Vargar, 1958; G. Díaz-Plaja, “Baralt periodista”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Revista Zulia </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(Maracaibo), n.º 1 (enero-marzo de 1958); P. Grases, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El caso de “Letras españolas”, obra falsamente atribuida a Rafael María Baralt, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Caracas, Esic. del Ministerio de Educación, 1962; P. P. Barnola, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Las poesías de Rafael M. Baralt, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Maracaibo, Universidad del Zulia, 1964; A. Mieres, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Tres autores en la historia de Baralt, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Caracas, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación. Instituto de Estudios Hispanoamericanos, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1966; G. Díaz-Plaja, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Obras literarias publicadas e inéditas de Rafael María Baralt, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Atlas, 1967; A. Millares Carlo, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Rafael María Baralt (1810-1860): estudio biográfico, crítico y bibliográfico, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Ediciones de la Biblioteca, 1969; E. Sanabria, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Rafael María Baralt, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Caracas, Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República, 1982; A. Romero Luengo, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Rafael María Baralt, exponente de la fe cristiana, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El Marqués, Caracas, Trípode, 1988; VV. AA., </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Caracas, Fundación Polar, 1997; A. Zamora Vicente, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historia de la Real Academia Española, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Espasa, 1999, págs. 200-201.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Covadonga de Quintana Bermúdez de la Puente</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-67bc2deb1c9eba4c7f82b7eaaa44e79df31efd7fa73d829d3f9e794cb5235987"> <div class="view-content"> <div id="views-bootstrap-biografia-destacada-block-2" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="5000" data-pause="" data-wrap="0"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item row active"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/imagenes/biografias/Portal-Historia-Hisp%C3%A1nica.jpg" width="480" height="320" alt="HH" title="https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> <div class="carousel-caption"> <h3><a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und">Portal "Historia Hispánica"</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="row content-wrapper"> <div class="region region-content-bottom"> <section id="block-dbepersonajesrelacionados" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-relacionados clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-relacionados-wrapper"> <h1>Relación con otros personajes del DBE</h1> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-first"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-d03e652f165356baad5edc8dd86702a00196d93e98882ef5c6de471b948ffc6e"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Biografías que citan a este personaje</h2> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/12802/agustin-millares-carlo" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/12802agustin-millares-carlo.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="Agustín Millares Carlo" title="Agustín Millares Carlo. 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view-personaje view-id-personaje view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-e7a5f52bc4badadb87bdb1eae0e24e76a3e000d68cdd195a527379e77ed78eed"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/20266/rafael-maria-baralt-perez" hreflang="und"><img width="100" height="100" src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/20266/rafael-maria-baralt-perez" hreflang="und">Rafael María Baralt Pérez</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-last"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-af1eeef784537910e30e864d7d84a1f2b9e315ce9102b8bda74d7aef9b737c3b"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Personajes citados en esta biografía</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="block-dbepersonajessimilares" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-similares clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-similares-wrapper"> <h1>Personajes similares</h1> <div class="personajes-similares-select-wrapper"> <select id="personajes-similares-select" class="form-select required form-control"> <option value="1" selected="selected">Mismo ámbito disciplinar / Misma época</option> <option value="2">Mismo ámbito geográfico de nacimiento / Misma época</option> <option value="3">Mismo ámbito geográfico de muerte / Misma época</option> </select> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div class="col-xs-12 content-similares content-similares-1 active"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-similares 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