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id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> 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type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Aritmetika" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Aritmetika" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Aritmetika" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span 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pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatuusan_sa_Akademiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatuusan_sa_Akademiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Palatuusan sa Akademiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatuusan_sa_Akademiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tingnan din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aritmetika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 160 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-160" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">160 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenkunde" title="Rekenkunde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rekenkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetik" title="Arithmetik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Arithmetik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%89%81%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AD" title="ሥነ ቁጥር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ቁጥር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حسابيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حسابيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4" title="পাটীগণিত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাটীগণিত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesab" title="Hesab – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hesab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%97tmet%C4%97ka" title="Arėtmetėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arėtmetėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арыфметыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арыфметыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арытмэтыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арытмэтыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аритметика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аритметика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4" title="পাটিগণিত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাটিগণিত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Арифметикэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Арифметикэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A8tica" title="Aritmètica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aritmètica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95" title="ژمێرە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژمێرە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esap" title="Esap – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Esap" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhifyddeg" title="Rhifyddeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhifyddeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetik" title="Arithmetik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arithmetik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Αριθμητική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμητική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetiko" title="Aritmetiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aritmetiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmeetika" title="Aritmeetika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aritmeetika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetiikka" title="Aritmetiikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aritmetiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvokunst" title="Arvokunst – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Arvokunst" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqusa" title="Maqusa – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Maqusa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithm%C3%A9tique" title="Arithmétique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arithmétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmeetik" title="Aritmeetik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aritmeetik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uimhr%C3%ADocht" title="Uimhríocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uimhríocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93" title="算術 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="算術" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tik" title="Aritmétik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Aritmétik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80ireamhachd" title="Àireamhachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Àireamhachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ank%E2%80%8Cgonnit" title="Ank‌gonnit – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Ank‌gonnit" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4" title="અંકગણિત – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અંકગણિત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אריתמטיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריתמטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1mtan" title="Számtan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Թվաբանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թվաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Թուաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թուաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetiko" title="Aritmetiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aritmetiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talnareikningur" title="Talnareikningur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talnareikningur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93" title="算術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="算術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmitik" title="Aritmitik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aritmitik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sapme%27ocmaci" title="sapme'ocmaci – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sapme'ocmaci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A8lmu_%C3%A9tung" title="Ngèlmu étung – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ngèlmu étung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="არითმეტიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არითმეტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arifmetika" title="Arifmetika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Arifmetika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutanga" title="Kutanga – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kutanga" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetikki" title="Aritmetikki – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Aritmetikki" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4" title="ಅಂಕಗಣಿತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂಕಗಣಿತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%88%A0" title="산술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveronieth" title="Niveronieth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Niveronieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetega" title="Aritmetega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aritmetega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C4%93tika" title="Aritmētika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aritmētika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аритметика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аритметика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="അങ്കഗണിതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അങ്കഗണിതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%8F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="ဂဏန်းသင်္ချာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂဏန်းသင်္ချာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C5%8Dhuall%C5%8Dtl" title="Tlapōhuallōtl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapōhuallōtl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemeteca" title="Artemeteca – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Artemeteca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetik" title="Arithmetik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Arithmetik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अङ्क गणित – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अङ्क गणित" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenen" title="Rekenen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rekenen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetikk" title="Aritmetikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aritmetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetikk" title="Aritmetikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aritmetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetike" title="Aritmetike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Aritmetike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakxii" title="Lakxii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lakxii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Арифметикæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Арифметикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4" title="ਅੰਕ ਗਣਿਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਕ ਗਣਿਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tika" title="Aritmétika – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Aritmétika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arytmetyka" title="Arytmetyka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arytmetyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupa_hap%27ichiy" title="Yupa hap'ichiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yupa hap'ichiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetic%C4%83" title="Aritmetică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aritmetică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аріфметіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Аріфметіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="अङ्कगणितम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अङ्कगणितम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A8tica" title="Aritmètica – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aritmètica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwandu" title="Huwandu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Huwandu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аритметика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аритметика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesabu" title="Hesabu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hesabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்கணிதம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்கணிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Ҳисоб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳисоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="เลขคณิต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลขคณิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisob" title="Hisob – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hisob" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhlayo-tinomboro" title="Tinhlayo-tinomboro – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tinhlayo-tinomboro" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%81%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ئارىفمېتىكا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئارىفمېتىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arifmetika" title="Arifmetika – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arifmetika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A8tega" title="Aritmètega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Aritmètega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arifmetik" title="Arifmetik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Arifmetik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Số học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Số học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkulav" title="Kalkulav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kalkulav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik%C3%A1" title="Aritmetiká – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aritmetiká" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF" title="算术 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="算术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-arithmetic" title="I-arithmetic – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-arithmetic" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="არითმეტიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არითმეტიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="אריטמעטיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אריטמעטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C%E1%B9%A3%C3%ADr%C3%B2" title="Ìṣírò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìṣírò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenen" title="Rekenen – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rekenen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF" title="算术 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="算术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93" title="算術 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="算術" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C3%A0n-su%CC%8Dt" title="Soàn-su̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Soàn-su̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93" title="算術 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="算術" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuphicinani" title="Ubuphicinani – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ubuphicinani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11205#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;background-color: white; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 3px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;background-color: transparent; font-size: 150%;"> <span style="font-size:85%;">Mga <a href="/wiki/Operasyon_(matematika)" title="Operasyon (matematika)">operasyon</a> ng</span><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aritmetika</a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;font-size:108%; background-color:transparent;"> <table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; border: none; background-color: transparent;"><tbody><tr class=""><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%;"><a href="/wiki/Pagdaragdag" title="Pagdaragdag">Pagdaragdag</a> (+)</th></tr><tr class="" style=""><th style="display:none;"></th><td class="" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{termino}}\,+\,{\text{termino}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{panagdag}}\,+\,{\text{panagdag}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>termino</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>termino</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>panagdag</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>panagdag</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{termino}}\,+\,{\text{termino}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{panagdag}}\,+\,{\text{panagdag}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dab41b20d8e036ee6dbb41d82d0959a15f969839" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.702ex; margin-bottom: -0.303ex; width:19.793ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{termino}}\,+\,{\text{termino}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{panagdag}}\,+\,{\text{panagdag}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}"></span></td><td class="" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{dagup}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{suma}}\end{matrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>dagup</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>suma</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{dagup}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{suma}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/957913ebe58b92fad8386e0231b472b1cc295fef" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:5.137ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{dagup}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{suma}}\end{matrix}}}"></span></td><td class="" style=""></td></tr><tr class=""><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%;"><a href="/wiki/Pagbabawas" title="Pagbabawas">Pagbabawas</a> (−)</th></tr><tr class="" style=""><th style="display:none;"></th><td class="" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{termino}}\,-\,{\text{termino}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{bawasin}}\,-\,{\text{pamawas}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>termino</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>−</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>termino</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>bawasin</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>−</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>pamawas</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{termino}}\,-\,{\text{termino}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{bawasin}}\,-\,{\text{pamawas}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e38b40bbf322ba75eaf914027898a365cfcb9ab4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:18.436ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{termino}}\,-\,{\text{termino}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{bawasin}}\,-\,{\text{pamawas}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}"></span></td><td class="" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{diperensiya}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kaibhan}}\end{matrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>diperensiya</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kaibhan</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{diperensiya}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kaibhan}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/920e965101e90574c3d1a787899551be9f064916" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:8.851ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{diperensiya}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kaibhan}}\end{matrix}}}"></span></td><td class="" style=""></td></tr><tr class=""><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%;"><a href="/wiki/Pagpaparami_(matematika)" title="Pagpaparami (matematika)">Pagpaparami</a> (×)</th></tr><tr class="" style=""><th style="display:none;"></th><td class="" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{kabuo}}\,\times \,{\text{kabuo}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{damihin}}\,\times \,{\text{parami}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kabuo</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>×</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kabuo</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>damihin</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>×</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>parami</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{kabuo}}\,\times \,{\text{kabuo}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{damihin}}\,\times \,{\text{parami}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34905602bdd1dd131005435038f7dc21f2b779c1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:16.966ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{kabuo}}\,\times \,{\text{kabuo}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{damihin}}\,\times \,{\text{parami}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}"></span></td><td class="" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{produkto}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{bunga}}\end{matrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>produkto</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>bunga</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{produkto}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{bunga}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a602f4a6cc2a5e37401de593a07645637ba2da31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:7.29ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{produkto}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{bunga}}\end{matrix}}}"></span></td><td class="" style=""></td></tr><tr class=""><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%;"><a href="/wiki/Paghahati" title="Paghahati">Paghahati</a> (÷)</th></tr><tr class="" style=""><th style="display:none;"></th><td class="" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{hatiin}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{pahati}}}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{panakda}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{pamahagi}}}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>hatiin</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>pahati</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>panakda</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>pamahagi</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{hatiin}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{pahati}}}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{panakda}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{pamahagi}}}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/adffd543decf09f38acefd67daf48678facfc801" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.03ex; margin-bottom: -0.308ex; width:12.043ex; height:11.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \left.{\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{hatiin}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{pahati}}}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\frac {\scriptstyle {\text{panakda}}}{\scriptstyle {\text{pamahagi}}}}\end{matrix}}\right\}\,=\,}"></span></td><td class="" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{hatimbilang}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kosyente}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kahatian}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{tagway}}\end{matrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>hatimbilang</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kosyente</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kahatian</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>tagway</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{hatimbilang}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kosyente}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kahatian}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{tagway}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1febb110a5041082c46cb9035776e5ac52da997" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.671ex; width:9.34ex; height:12.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{hatimbilang}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kosyente}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{kahatian}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{tagway}}\end{matrix}}}"></span></td><td class="" style=""><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{butal}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\end{matrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>butal</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{butal}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\end{matrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f20775ddd2ee6f7d37085ca8c17de63b7e4f987a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -7.338ex; width:4.498ex; height:15.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{butal}}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\\\scriptstyle {\text{ }}\end{matrix}}}"></span></td></tr><tr class=""><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%;"><a href="/wiki/Pagpapalakas_(matematika)" title="Pagpapalakas (matematika)">Pagpapalakas</a></th></tr><tr class="" style=""><th style="display:none;"></th><td class="" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{eksponente}}\,=\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>base</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>eksponente</mtext> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{eksponente}}\,=\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ba6a4f582aa8ea83f05dca3767dd859493719b39" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.752ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{base}}^{\text{eksponente}}\,=\,}"></span></td><td class="" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{lakas}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>lakas</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{lakas}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/436d25b2ba0840504304f3bc79b7074b858c4a9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.617ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{lakas}}}"></span></td><td class="" style=""></td></tr><tr class=""><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%;"><a href="/wiki/Ugat_(matematika)" title="Ugat (matematika)">Ugat</a> (√)</th></tr><tr class="" style=""><th style="display:none;"></th><td class="" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt[{\text{antas}}]{\scriptstyle {\text{radikando}}}}\,=\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>radikando</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>antas</mtext> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt[{\text{antas}}]{\scriptstyle {\text{radikando}}}}\,=\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47dac94b774ac588a64824c33613709726d4e698" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.785ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt[{\text{antas}}]{\scriptstyle {\text{radikando}}}}\,=\,}"></span></td><td class="" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{ugat}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ugat</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{ugat}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57a45fa6334e6cce36b32fbce9bd58f33494ac5e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.198ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{ugat}}}"></span></td><td class="" style=""></td></tr><tr class=""><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%;"><a href="/wiki/Logaritmo" title="Logaritmo">Logaritmo</a> (log)</th></tr><tr class="" style=""><th style="display:none;"></th><td class="" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{\text{base}}({\text{lakas}})\,=\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>base</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>lakas</mtext> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{\text{base}}({\text{lakas}})\,=\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9f8f31fb66846e8a6cc192996ec00438d006fcb5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{\text{base}}({\text{lakas}})\,=\,}"></span></td><td class="" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{logaritmo}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>logaritmo</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{logaritmo}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e205ea765745d44755ddd8661b2117ccb4a61578" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.856ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\text{logaritmo}}}"></span></td><td class="" style=""></td></tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Sidebar" title="Padron:Sidebar"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Sidebar (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Sidebar&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>aritmetika</b>, kilala rin sa tawag na <b>bilnuran</b> at <b>palatuusan</b>, ay isang sangay ng <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> na nag-aaral sa mga <a href="/wiki/Bilang" title="Bilang">bilang</a>, lalo na sa mga <a href="/wiki/Operasyon_(matematika)" title="Operasyon (matematika)">tradisyonal na operasyon</a> sa kanila— <a href="/wiki/Pagdaragdag" title="Pagdaragdag">pagdaragdag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pagbabawas" title="Pagbabawas">pagbabawas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pagpaparami_(matematika)" title="Pagpaparami (matematika)">pagpaparami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paghahati" title="Paghahati">paghahati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pagpapalakas_(matematika)" title="Pagpapalakas (matematika)">pagpapalakas</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Ugat_(matematika)" title="Ugat (matematika)">pag-uugat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itinuturing ito na mababang bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_bilang" title="Teorya ng bilang">teorya ng bilang</a>, kung saan kinilala ang nasabing teorya bilang isa sa mga pinakamatataas na bahagi ng modernong matematika, kasama ng <a href="/wiki/Alhebra" title="Alhebra">alhebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heometriya" title="Heometriya">heometriya</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Pagsusuring_matematikal" title="Pagsusuring matematikal">pagsusuri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang salitang <i>aritmetika</i> ay galing sa <a href="/wiki/Espanyol" class="mw-disambig" title="Espanyol">Espanyol</a> na <i>aritmética</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na nanggaling naman sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Latin" title="Wikang Latin">Latin</a> na <i>arithmetĭcus</i>, na mula naman sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Griyego" title="Wikang Griyego">Griyegong</a> <i>ἀριθμητικός</i>, na nangunguhulugang naman na "bilang".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaysayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Kasaysayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limitado lang ang nalalaman patungkol sa aritmetika ng sinaunang kasaysayan. May mga nakitang artipakto na nagpapakita sa <a href="/wiki/Pagdaragdag" title="Pagdaragdag">pagdaragdag</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pagbabawas" title="Pagbabawas">pagbabawas</a>, dalawa sa mga itinuturing na pinakamadadaling operasyong matematikal. Ang pinakakilala sa mga ito, ang <a href="/wiki/Buto_ng_Ishango" title="Buto ng Ishango">buto ng Ishango</a> sa ngayo'y sakop ng <a href="/wiki/Demokratikong_Republika_ng_Congo" title="Demokratikong Republika ng Congo">Kongo DR</a>, ay tinatayang ginawa noong bandang 20,000 hanggang 18,000 <abbr title="Bago Karaniwan">BK</abbr>. Bagamat itinuturing na isang kagamitang matematikal, pinagdududahan ng ilang siyentipiko kung ginamit nga ito para gawin ang mga operasyong ito. </p><p>Ang pinakamaagang nakasulat na tala ay galing sa mga taga-<a href="/wiki/Babilonya" title="Babilonya">Babilonya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ehipto" title="Ehipto">Ehipto</a>, kung saan ginamit na nila ang lahat ng mga operasyon sa <a href="/wiki/Mababang_aritmetika" title="Mababang aritmetika">mababang aritmetika</a> bandang 2000 <abbr title="Bago Karaniwan">BK</abbr>. Hindi ipinapakita madalas ng mga ito ang prosesong ginamit nila, ngunit matindi ang impluwensiya ng mga katangian ng sistema ng pagbilang na ginamit nila sa pagiging makomplikado ng mga kaparaanan. Galing sa mga marka ng pagtatala ang mga karakter na ginamit para sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilang-Ehipto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilang-Ehipto (hindi pa naisusulat)">bilang-Ehipto</a>, tulad ng sumunod na mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilang-Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilang-Romano (hindi pa naisusulat)">bilang-Romano</a>. Sa parehong sistema, gumagamit ang mga ito ng sampu bilang báse (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Desimal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desimal (hindi pa naisusulat)">desimal</a> o sampuan), pero wala itong notasyon para sa posisyon ng mga bilang. Ginagamitan ng mga tablang pambilang (<i>counting board</i>), o di kaya ng Romanong <a href="/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus">abakus</a>, ang mga komplikadong kalkulasyong gumagamit ng mga bilang-Romano para makuha ang sagot nito. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palatuusan_sa_Akademiya">Palatuusan sa Akademiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Palatuusan sa Akademiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Palatuusan sa Akademiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madalas na ang pokus sa primaryang edukasyon sa sipnayan ay ang mga algorithm para sa palatuusan ng mga natural na bilang, buumbilang, hatimbilang, at mga sampuan (ginagamit ang pamamaraang puwesto-kahalagahaan). Ang pag-aaral na ito ay minsang kinikilala bilang <i>algorism.</i> </p><p>Dahil sa mahirap at nakakatamad na anyo ng mga algorithm, maraming mga guro ang nag-aalinlangan sa kurikulum at tumatangkilik sa noong pagtuturo ng mas sentral at likas na ideyang pang-sipnayan. Isa sa mga tanyag na pagkilos sa direksyong ito ay ang <i>New Math</i> ng 1960s at 1970s, na tinangkang ituro ang palatuusan kaugnay ng pagsulong <i>axiomatic</i> mula sa <i>set theory</i>, isang pag-uulit ng mga nananaig sa larangan ng nakatataas na sipnayan.   </p><p>Ang palatuusan ay  ginamit din ng mga Islamic na palaaral upang ituro ang mga paggamit ng mga pamumuno ukol sa Zakat at Irth. Ito ay ipinakita sa librong pinamagatang <i>The Best of Arithmetic</i> na isinulat ni Abd-al-Fattah-al-Dumyati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tingnan din"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palatangkasan" title="Palatangkasan">Palatangkasan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/arithmetic">"Arithmetic"</a> [Aritmetika]. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> (sa wikang Ingles)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Disyembre 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Arithmetic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Farithmetic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAritmetika" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport1999" class="citation book cs1">Davenport, Harold (1999). <i>The Higher Arithmetic: An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers</i> [<i>Ang Mataas na Aritmetika: Panimula sa Teorya ng Bilang</i>] (ika-7 (na) edisyon). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reyno_Unido" class="mw-redirect" title="Reyno Unido">Reyno Unido</a>: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-521-63446-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-521-63446-6"><bdi>0-521-63446-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Higher+Arithmetic%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Theory+of+Numbers&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Reyno+Unido&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-63446-6&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAritmetika" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diksiyonaryo.ph/search/aritmetika">"aritmetika"</a>. <i>Diksiyonaryo.ph</i> (sa wikang Filipino)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Disyembre 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diksiyonaryo.ph&rft.atitle=aritmetika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiksiyonaryo.ph%2Fsearch%2Faritmetika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAritmetika" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dle.rae.es/aritm%C3%A9tico">"aritmético, aritmética"</a>. <i>Real Academia Española</i> (sa wikang Kastila)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Disyembre 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Real+Academia+Espa%C3%B1ola&rft.atitle=aritm%C3%A9tico%2C+aritm%C3%A9tica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdle.rae.es%2Faritm%25C3%25A9tico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AAritmetika" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Arithmetic_symbols.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Matematika"><img alt="Matematika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arithmetic_symbols.svg/35px-Arithmetic_symbols.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arithmetic_symbols.svg/53px-Arithmetic_symbols.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arithmetic_symbols.svg/70px-Arithmetic_symbols.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> <i>Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa <b>Matematika</b> ay isang <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Usbong" title="Wikipedia:Usbong">usbong</a>. Makatutulong ka sa <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> sa <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aritmetika&action=edit">pagpapalawig</a></span> nito.</i> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:Areas_of_mathematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:Areas of mathematics (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Areas_of_mathematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Areas of mathematics (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Areas_of_mathematics&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Matematika_(sipnayan)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a> <small>(sipnayan)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasaysayan_ng_matematika" title="Kasaysayan ng matematika">Kasaysayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilosopiya_ng_matematika" title="Pilosopiya ng matematika">Pilosopiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haligi_ng_matematika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haligi ng matematika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Haligi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Teorya ng</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_impormasyon" title="Teorya ng impormasyon">impormasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_kategorya" title="Teorya ng kategorya">kategorya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_pangkat" title="Teorya ng pangkat">pangkat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorya_ng_uri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorya ng uri (hindi pa naisusulat)">uri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohikang_matematikal" title="Lohikang matematikal">Lohika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alhebra" title="Alhebra">Alhebra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhebrang_basal" title="Alhebrang basal">Basal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhebrang_elementaryo" title="Alhebrang elementaryo">Elementaryo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebrang_homolohika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebrang homolohika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Homolohika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebrang_komutatibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebrang komutatibo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Komutatibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhebrang_linyar" title="Alhebrang linyar">Linyar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhebrang_multilinyar" title="Alhebrang multilinyar">multi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebrang_pangkalahatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebrang pangkalahatan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkalahatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_grupo" title="Teorya ng grupo">Teorya ng grupo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pagsusuring_matematikal" title="Pagsusuring matematikal">Pagsusuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekwasyong_diperensiyal" title="Ekwasyong diperensiyal">Ekwasyong diperensiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkulo">Kalkulo</a></li> <li><i>Pagsusuring...</i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsusuring_harmoniko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsusuring harmoniko (hindi pa naisusulat)">harmoniko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsusuring_komplikado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsusuring komplikado (hindi pa naisusulat)">komplikado</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsusuring_hiperkomplikado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsusuring hiperkomplikado (hindi pa naisusulat)">hiper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagsusuring_punsiyonal" title="Pagsusuring punsiyonal">punsiyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagsusuring_tunay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagsusuring tunay (hindi pa naisusulat)">tunay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukat_(matematika)" title="Sukat (matematika)">Teorya ng sukat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_diskreto" title="Matematikang diskreto">Diskreto</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kombinatorika" title="Kombinatorika">Kombinatorika</a></li> <li><i>Teorya ng...</i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorya_ng_ayos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorya ng ayos (hindi pa naisusulat)">ayos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_grap" title="Teorya ng grap">grap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heometriya" title="Heometriya">Heometriya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heometriyang_alhebraiko" title="Heometriyang alhebraiko">Alhebraiko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heometriyang_aritmetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heometriyang aritmetiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aritmetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heometriyang_deribatibo" title="Heometriyang deribatibo">Deribatibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heometriyang_diskreto" class="mw-redirect" title="Heometriyang diskreto">Diskreto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heometriyang_Euclides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heometriyang Euclides (hindi pa naisusulat)">Euclides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heometriyang_natatapos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heometriyang natatapos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Natatapos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heometriyang_pasuri" title="Heometriyang pasuri">Pasuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_bilang" title="Teorya ng bilang">Teorya ng bilang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebraikong_teorya_ng_bilang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebraikong teorya ng bilang (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alhebraiko</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aritmetika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heometriyang_diopantika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heometriyang diopantika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Heometriyang diopantika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasuring_teorya_ng_bilang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasuring teorya ng bilang (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pasuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Topolohiya" title="Topolohiya">Topolohiya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topolohiyang_alhebraiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topolohiyang alhebraiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alhebraiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topolohiyang_diperensiyal" class="mw-redirect" title="Topolohiyang diperensiyal">Diperensiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topolohiyang_heometriko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topolohiyang heometriko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Heometriko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homotopiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homotopiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Homotopiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorya_ng_homotopiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorya ng homotopiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">teorya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topolohiyang_pangkalahatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topolohiyang pangkalahatan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkalahatan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_nalalapat" class="mw-redirect" title="Matematikang nalalapat">Nalalapat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agham_pansistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agham pansistema (hindi pa naisusulat)">Agham pansistema</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pananaliksik_pang-operasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pananaliksik pang-operasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">pananaliksik pang-operasyon</a></li> <li><i>teorya ng...</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_kontrol" title="Teorya ng kontrol">kontrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_laro" title="Teorya ng laro">laro</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estadistika" title="Estadistika">Estadistika</a></li> <li><i>Matematikang...</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_pangbiolohiya" title="Matematikang pangbiolohiya">biolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_pang-ekonomika" title="Matematikang pang-ekonomika">ekonomika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pang-estadistika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pang-estadistika (hindi pa naisusulat)">estadistika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pang-inhinyera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pang-inhinyera (hindi pa naisusulat)">inhinyera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pangkimika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pangkimika (hindi pa naisusulat)">kimika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pampananalapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pampananalapi (hindi pa naisusulat)">pananalapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_pampisika" title="Matematikang pampisika">pisika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pangsikolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pangsikolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">sikolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_pangsosyolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang pangsosyolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">sosyolohiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_probabilidad" title="Teorya ng probabilidad">Probabilidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matematikang_komputasyonal" title="Matematikang komputasyonal">Komputasyonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhebrang_pangkompyuter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhebrang pangkompyuter (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alhebrang pangkompyuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agham_pangkompyuter" title="Agham pangkompyuter">Agham pangkompyuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimisasyong_matematikal" title="Optimisasyong matematikal">Optimisasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagsusuring_pambilang" title="Pagsusuring pambilang">Pagsusuring pambilang</a></li> <li><i>Teorya ng...</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_komputasyon" title="Teorya ng komputasyon">komputasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teorya_ng_komputasyonal_na_komplehidad" title="Teorya ng komputasyonal na komplehidad">komputasyonal na komplehidad</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kaugnay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematika_bilang_libangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematika bilang libangan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Matematika bilang libangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematika_at_sining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematika at sining (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mathematika at sining</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematikang_di-pormal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematikang di-pormal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Matematikang di-pormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematiko" title="Matematiko">Matematiko</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Listahan_ng_mga_matematiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listahan ng mga matematiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">listahan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagtuturo_ng_matematika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagtuturo ng matematika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagtuturo ng matematika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategorya"><img alt="Kategorya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Matematika" title="Kategorya:Matematika">Kategorya</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294694905171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Arithmetic"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85007163">Estados Unidos</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570203">Hapón</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="aritmetika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118605&CON_LNG=ENG">Czechia</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iba pa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=43227">Encyclopedia of Modern 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