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<div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Hydrology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Nature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements,_transportation_and_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements,_transportation_and_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Settlements, transportation and economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements,_transportation_and_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Honour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sources </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sources subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Rila</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" > 55 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="جبال ريلا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبال ريلا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1_(%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B2%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B5)" title="Ռիլա (լեռնաշղթայ) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռիլա (լեռնաշղթայ)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montes_Rila" title="Montes Rila – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Montes Rila" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%9E)" title="Рыла (горны масіў) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рыла (горны масіў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рыла – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рыла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рила – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila_(kabukiran)" title="Rila (kabukiran) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rila (kabukiran)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila_m%C3%A4ed" title="Rila mäed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rila mäed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Ρίλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monta%C3%B1as_Rila" title="Montañas Rila – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montañas Rila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="ریلا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="릴라산맥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="릴라산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Ռիլա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="रीला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रीला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegunungan_Rila" title="Pegunungan Rila – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pegunungan Rila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="הרי רילה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרי רילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="რილა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რილა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B)" title="Рила (Кюстендил облысы) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рила (Кюстендил облысы)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рила – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рила" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila-hegys%C3%A9g" title="Rila-hegység – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rila-hegység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рила – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рила" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2,_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="റില, ബൾഗേറിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റില, ബൾഗേറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila_(gebergte)" title="Rila (gebergte) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rila (gebergte)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C5%82a" title="Riła – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Riła" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%C8%9Bii_Rila" title="Munții Rila – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Munții Rila" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рила – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рила" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рила – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Рила" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рила – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рила" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilabergen" title="Rilabergen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rilabergen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="ริลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ริลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кӯҳҳои Рила – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кӯҳҳои Рила" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Рила (гори) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рила (гори)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rila" title="Rila – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rila" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rila&params=42_06_00_N_23_33_00_E_type:mountain_scale:375000">42°06′00″N 23°33′00″E / 42.10000°N 23.55000°E / 42.10000; 23.55000</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mountain range in Bulgaria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Rila Mountains</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: Рила</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg/500px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg/960px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3296" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Strashnoto ezero (The Dreadful Lake)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">Musala</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,925 m (9,596 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rila&params=42_06_00_N_23_33_00_E_type:mountain_scale:375000">42°06′00″N 23°33′00″E / 42.10000°N 23.55000°E / 42.10000; 23.55000</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">75 km (47 mi) west-east</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">50 km (31 mi) north-south</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">2,629 km2 (1,015 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgaria_geographic_map_Rila_bg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bulgaria_geographic_map_Rila_bg.svg/330px-Bulgaria_geographic_map_Rila_bg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bulgaria_geographic_map_Rila_bg.svg/500px-Bulgaria_geographic_map_Rila_bg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Bulgaria_geographic_map_Rila_bg.svg/960px-Bulgaria_geographic_map_Rila_bg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4294" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;color:#000;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_types" title="List of rock types">Rock type(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">granite, gneiss, quartz</td></tr></tbody></table> Rila (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: Рила, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">[ˈriɫɐ]</a>) is the highest mountain range of Bulgaria, the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>. It is situated in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and forms part of the Rila–<a href="/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains" title="Rhodope Mountains">Rhodope</a> Massif. The highest summit is <a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">Musala</a> at an elevation of 2,925 m which makes Rila the sixth highest mountain range in Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(Spain)" title="Sierra Nevada (Spain)">Sierra Nevada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Etna" title="Mount Etna">Mount Etna</a>, and the highest one between the Alps and the Caucasus. It spans a territory of 2,629 km2 with an average elevation of 1487 m. The mountain is believed to have been named after the <a href="/wiki/Rilska_River" title="Rilska River">river of the same name</a>, which comes from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Bulgarian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Bulgarian language">Old Bulgarian</a> verb "рыти" meaning "to grub".<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Rila has abundant water resources. Some of the Balkans' longest and deepest rivers originate from Rila, including the <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Maritsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iskar_(river)" title="Iskar (river)">Iskar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nestos_(river)" title="Nestos (river)">Mesta</a> rivers. Bulgaria's main water divide separating the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea drainage systems follows the main ridge of Rila. The mountain range is dotted with almost 200 <a href="/wiki/Glacial_lake" title="Glacial lake">glacial lakes</a> such as the renowned <a href="/wiki/Seven_Rila_Lakes" title="Seven Rila Lakes">Seven Rila Lakes</a>, and is rich in <a href="/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">hot springs</a> in the fault areas at the foothills, including the hottest spring in South-eastern Europe in <a href="/wiki/Sapareva_Banya" title="Sapareva Banya">Sapareva Banya</a>. The mountain range has varied flora and fauna with a number of endemic and relict species and some of the best preserved forests in the country. The biodiversity and the pristine landscapes are protected by <a href="/wiki/Rila_National_Park" title="Rila National Park">Rila National Park</a> which covers much of the mountain; the rest lies within <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery_Nature_Park" title="Rila Monastery Nature Park">Rila Monastery Nature Park</a>. In addition, there are five <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserves</a>: <a href="/wiki/Parangalitsa" title="Parangalitsa">Parangalitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Rila_Reserve" title="Central Rila Reserve">Central Rila Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery_Forest" title="Rila Monastery Forest">Rila Monastery Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibar_Reserve" title="Ibar Reserve">Ibar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skakavitsa_Reserve" title="Skakavitsa Reserve">Skakavitsa</a>. The most recognisable landmark of the mountain range is the <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery" title="Rila Monastery">Rila Monastery</a>, Bulgaria's largest and most important monastery, founded in the 10th century by Saint <a href="/wiki/John_of_Rila" title="John of Rila">John of Rila</a>. Due to its outstanding cultural and spiritual value it was declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1983. Rila is also a popular destination for hiking, winter sports and spa tourism, hosting the nation's oldest ski resort <a href="/wiki/Borovets" title="Borovets">Borovets</a>, as well as numerous hiking trails. Some of the most important hydro power stations in Bulgaria are situated in the eastern part of the mountain range, including the <a href="/wiki/Belmeken%E2%80%93Sestrimo%E2%80%93Chaira_Hydropower_Cascade" title="Belmeken–Sestrimo–Chaira Hydropower Cascade">Belmeken–Sestrimo–Chaira Hydropower Cascade</a> (1,599 MW), the largest and most complex hydroelectric complex in Bulgaria. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a view to Rila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/250px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/500px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>A view to Rila</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RilaEnglish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a map of Rila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/RilaEnglish.jpg/250px-RilaEnglish.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/RilaEnglish.jpg/500px-RilaEnglish.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>A map of Rila</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> Rila is a mountain range in south-western Bulgaria, part of the Rila–<a href="/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains" title="Rhodope Mountains">Rhodope</a> Massif.<a href="#cite_note-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978-3">[3]</a> It is situated between five valleys – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dupnitsa_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dupnitsa Valley (page does not exist)">Dupnitsa Valley</a> to the north-west, <a href="/wiki/Samokov_Valley" title="Samokov Valley">Samokov Valley</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Kostenets%E2%80%93Dolna_Banya_Valley" title="Kostenets–Dolna Banya Valley">Kostenets–Dolna Banya Valley</a> to the north-east, <a href="/wiki/Razlog_Valley" title="Razlog Valley">Razlog Valley</a> to the south and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blagoevgrad_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blagoevgrad Valley (page does not exist)">Blagoevgrad Valley</a> to the south-west. Five saddles link Rila to the surrounding mountain ranges – Klisura Saddle (1,025 m) with <a href="/wiki/Verila" title="Verila">Verila</a> to the north-west, Borovets Saddle (1,305 m) with <a href="/wiki/Sredna_Gora" title="Sredna Gora">Sredna Gora</a> to the north, Yundola (1,375 m) and <a href="/wiki/Avramovo_Saddle" title="Avramovo Saddle">Avramovo Saddles</a> (1,295 m) with the <a href="/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains" title="Rhodope Mountains">Rhodope Mountains</a> to the south-east and <a href="/wiki/Predel_(Bulgaria)" title="Predel (Bulgaria)">Predel Saddle</a> (1,140 m) with <a href="/wiki/Pirin" title="Pirin">Pirin</a> to the south. Within these limits Rila spans an area of 2,629 km2 and has an average elevation of 1,487 m.<a href="#cite_note-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-donchev124-5">[5]</a> The high elevation zone over 1,600 m forms about 50% of the total territory.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> There are over 140 main peaks above 2,000 m.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> With an elevation of 2,925 m at Musala, Rila is the highest mountain range in Bulgaria and the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a>, and the sixth highest in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(Spain)" title="Sierra Nevada (Spain)">Sierra Nevada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Etna" title="Mount Etna">Mount Etna</a>. Musala is the fourth <a href="/wiki/Topographic_isolation" title="Topographic isolation">most isolated peak</a> in continental Europe after <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Elbrus" title="Mount Elbrus">Mount Elbrus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galdh%C3%B8piggen" title="Galdhøpiggen">Galdhøpiggen</a> raising at a distance of 810 km from the nearest point of the same elevation.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> With a prominence of 2,473 m, Musala ranks seventh among <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_ultra-prominent_peaks" title="List of European ultra-prominent peaks">Europe's ultra-prominent peaks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division">Division</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Division">edit</a>]</div> The mountain range is divided into four distinct parts.<a href="#cite_note-perry108-10">[10]</a> East Rila, known also as Musala Rila, is the largest and highest subdivision, situated between the valleys of the rivers Beli Iskar and Belishka. It is formed of two main ridges. The Musala Ridge spans in north–south direction between the valleys of Beli Iskar and Maritsa; the Ibar Ridge runs in west–east direction from the summit of Marishki Chal to the Avramovo Saddle.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> It covers 37% of the mountain's territory and contains the highest summit in the range — <a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">Musala</a> (2,925 m), as well as 12 of the 18 summits over 2,700 m — <a href="/wiki/Irechek_(peak)" title="Irechek (peak)">Irechek</a> (2,852 m), <a href="/wiki/Deno_(Rila)" title="Deno (Rila)">Deno</a> (2,790 m), <a href="/wiki/Mancho" title="Mancho">Mancho</a> (2,771 m) and others; there are 46 peaks over 2,100 m.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> East Rila contains a number of glacial lake groups, including <a href="/wiki/Musala_Lakes" title="Musala Lakes">Musala Lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marichini_Lakes" title="Marichini Lakes">Marichini Lakes</a>, as well as the nation's largest ski resort <a href="/wiki/Borovets" title="Borovets">Borovets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-donchev125-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a summit in Rila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_6.jpg/250px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_6.jpg/375px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_6.jpg/500px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A view from <a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">Musala</a></figcaption></figure> Central Rila, known also as Skakavitsa Rila, is the smallest subdivision, covering 9% of the total area of Rila but has the most Alpine character and the highest average elevation — 2,077 m.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> It stretches between the valleys of the rivers Beli Iskar, Cherni Iskar, Levi Iskar, Iliyna and <a href="/wiki/Rilska_River" title="Rilska River">Rilska</a>. The later divides the two main ridges in Central Rila, Skakavitsa and Rilets. The highest summit is Cherna Polyana (2,716 m);<a href="#cite_note-peakbagger.com-12">[12]</a> other important peaks are Skalata, Small and Big Skakavets, Rilets; there are 28 peaks over 2,100 m.<a href="#cite_note-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> This subdivision is renowned mainly for the glacial lakes <a href="/wiki/Ribni_Lakes" title="Ribni Lakes">Ribni</a>, Dzhendemski, Manastirski, as well as the largest glacial lake in the Balkan Peninsula — <a href="/wiki/Smradlivo_Lake" title="Smradlivo Lake">Smradlivo Lake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409-4">[4]</a> Northwest Rila, known also as Malyovitsa Rila, occupies about 24% of Rila and is situated between the valleys of Rilska to the south, Levi Iskar to the east, Samokov to the north-east and Dupnitsa to the west. Its much lower northern section is called Lakatitska Rila. It is linked with the Verila mountain range to the north through the Klisura Saddle, and with Central Rila to the east through the Kobilino Branishte saddle. The average elevation is 1,556 m; the highest summit is Mount Golyiam Kupen at an elevation of 2731 m. There are 29 peaks over 2,100 m.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> This subdivision is known for its rugged peaks and picturesque lakes in the Alpine zone that include the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Rila_Lakes" title="Seven Rila Lakes">Seven Rila Lakes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Urdini_Lakes" title="Urdini Lakes">Urdini Lakes</a>. Central Rila includes the mountain's highest waterfall, <a href="/wiki/Skakavitsa_Waterfall" title="Skakavitsa Waterfall">Skakavitsa</a> (70 m).<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-donchev124-5">[5]</a> Southwest Rila stretches between the valleys of the Rilska, Iliyna and Belishka rivers to the north, the Predel Saddle that separates it from Pirin to the south, and Simitli and Blagoevgrad valleys to the west. It covers about 30% of the area of the mountain range. With an average elevation of 1,307 m, it has the lowest elevation in Rila. The highest summit is Angelov Peak (2,643 m).<a href="#cite_note-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978-3">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Blagoevgradska_Bistritsa" title="Blagoevgradska Bistritsa">Blagoevgradska Bistritsa</a> River divides it in two distinct ridges to the north and to the south. Apart from its northernmost part, Southwest Rila does not have the Alpine character of the other three subdivisions. The biosphere reserve <a href="/wiki/Parangalitsa" title="Parangalitsa">Parangalitsa</a> is situated there.<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology,_relief_and_summits">Geology, relief and summits</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geology, relief and summits">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marichin_cirkus_IMG_1452.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a cirque in Rila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Marichin_cirkus_IMG_1452.jpg/250px-Marichin_cirkus_IMG_1452.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Marichin_cirkus_IMG_1452.jpg/500px-Marichin_cirkus_IMG_1452.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>The cirque of the <a href="/wiki/Marichini_Lakes" title="Marichini Lakes">Marichini Lakes</a></figcaption></figure> Rila is a <a href="/wiki/Fault-block_mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-block mountain">fault-block mountain</a> and represents a crescent-shaped <a href="/wiki/Horst_(geology)" title="Horst (geology)">horst</a> with two fault systems — concentric and radial.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_410-13">[13]</a> It is part of the oldest land in the Balkans, the Macedonian–Thracian Massif.<a href="#cite_note-perry108-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-donchev125-11">[11]</a> The mountain range is formed mainly by <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intrusive_rock" title="Intrusive rock">intrusive rocks</a>. The core of Rila is built up predominantly by granite.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> It is covered by a thick layer of crystalline <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schists</a> and granite–<a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a>; this layer is topped by <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">conglomerates</a> which were formed by elevated Tertiary sediments. Traces of these sediments are found in the Northwest Rila at an elevation of up to 1,900 m. The highest zones are made mainly of granite, and below are crystalline schists, whose compound minerals are sequentially deposited. They are represented by gneiss, <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a> schists, and <a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">amphibolite</a>. In many places granite passes into granite–gneiss. There are marbles and amphibolites formed in the <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> over 250 million years ago and subsequently elevated during the Tertiary period. The coarse–grained granites are the dominant rocks forming almost two–thirds of the area of the Rila's higher parts.<a href="#cite_note-perry108-10">[10]</a> Rila was subjected to glaciation during the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>. Its modern Alpine relief was formed during the last <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrm_glaciation" title="Würm glaciation">Würm glaciation</a> some 10–12 000 years ago, when the snowline of the mountain was 2,100–2,200 m.<a href="#cite_note-donchev125-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_410-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The glaciers reached elevations as low as 1,200 m.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a> Above this boundary, the glaciers radically altered the existing relief, forming deep cirques, <a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_peak" title="Pyramidal peak">pyramidal peaks</a>, steep cliffs, long <a href="/wiki/U-shaped_valley" title="U-shaped valley">U-shaped valleys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraine</a> fields and other glacial forms.<a href="#cite_note-perry108-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a> On the slopes of some valleys such as those of the rivers Beli Iskar, Maritsa and Rilska there are <a href="/wiki/Valley#Hanging_valleys" title="Valley">hanging glacier valleys</a> — tributary valleys located higher than the main ones. The bottom of cirques are often occupied by <a href="/wiki/Glacial_lake" title="Glacial lake">glacial lakes</a>. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">scree</a> formations of varied nature have been accumulated.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a> In the south-western foothills of Rila the <a href="/wiki/Stob_Earth_Pyramids" title="Stob Earth Pyramids">Stob Earth Pyramids</a> were formed under the influence of erosion.<a href="#cite_note-donchev125-11">[11]</a> The staged elevation of the mountain during the geological eras and the large range of vertical folds have led to the formation of four <a href="/wiki/Denudation" title="Denudation">denudation</a> levels of distinct age, height and range.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> The oldest <a href="/wiki/Early_Miocene" title="Early Miocene">Early Miocene</a> level encompasses the highest sections of the mountain with an elevation between 2,800 and 2,400 m. It represents practically leveled terrain with gently folded surface, formed in the place of ancient forest massifs. The next <a href="/wiki/Late_Miocene" title="Late Miocene">Late Miocene</a> level, the young Miocene, is situated on the main side ridges with an elevation between 2,600 and 2,300 m. The third level formed during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Pliocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Pliocene">Early Pliocene</a> has an elevation of 1,800 and 1,600 m. The <a href="/wiki/Late_Pliocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Pliocene">Late Pliocene</a> level occupies areas with an elevation of up to 1,300 m.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">[6]</a> There are two summits above 2,900 m, <a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">Musala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malka_Musala" title="Malka Musala">Malka Musala</a>. Some of the highest peaks are: <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0,_2013-10-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a summit in Rila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C_2013-10-19.jpg/250px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C_2013-10-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C_2013-10-19.jpg/500px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C_2013-10-19.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The summit of <a href="/wiki/Malyovitsa" title="Malyovitsa">Malyovitsa</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">Musala</a>, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malka_Musala" title="Malka Musala">Malka Musala</a>, 2,902 metres (9,521 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irechek_(peak)" title="Irechek (peak)">Irechek</a>, 2,852 metres (9,357 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezimennia_Vrah" title="Bezimennia Vrah">Bezimennia Vrah</a>, 2,792 metres (9,160 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deno_(Rila)" title="Deno (Rila)">Deno</a>, 2,790 metres (9,154 ft)</li> <li>Studenia Chal, 2,785 metres (9,137 ft)</li> <li>Golyam Bliznak, 2,779 metres (9,117 ft)</li> <li>Malak Bliznak, 2,777 metres (9,111 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mancho" title="Mancho">Mancho</a>, 2,771 metres (9,091 ft)</li> <li>Pesokliva Vapa, 2,769 metres (9,085 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovcharets" title="Ovcharets">Ovcharets</a> (Yurushki Chal), 2,768 metres (9,081 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marishki_Chal" title="Marishki Chal">Marishki Chal</a>, 2,765 metres (9,072 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupenite" title="Kupenite">Golyam Kupen</a>, 2,731 metres (8,960 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malyovitsa" title="Malyovitsa">Malyovitsa</a>, 2,729 metres (8,953 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupenite" title="Kupenite">Sreden Kupen</a>, 2,724 metres (8,937 ft)</li> <li>Aleko, 2,713 metres (8,901 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilets" title="Rilets">Rilets</a>, 2,713 metres (8,901 ft)</li> <li>Golyam Skakavets, 2,705 metres (8,875 ft)</li> <li>Popova Kapa, 2,704 metres (8,871 ft)</li> <li>Lopushki Vrah, 2,698 metres (8,852 ft)</li> <li>Otovishki Vrah, 2,696 metres (8,845 ft)</li> <li>Yosifitsa, 2,696 metres (8,845 ft)</li> <li>Lovnitsa, 2,695 metres (8,842 ft)</li> <li>Kanarata, 2,691 metres (8,829 ft)</li> <li>Draganitsa, 2,690 metres (8,825 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlovets" title="Orlovets">Orlovets</a>, 2,685 metres (8,809 ft)</li> <li>Vodni Chal, 2,683 metres (8,802 ft)</li> <li>Malak Skakavets, 2,682 metres (8,799 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlia_Zab" title="Zlia Zab">Zlia Zab</a>, 2,678 metres (8,786 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damga" title="Damga">Damga</a> (Vazov Vrah), 2,669 metres (8,757 ft)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golyam_Kalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golyam Kalin (page does not exist)">Golyam Kalin</a>, 2,668 metres (8,753 ft)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibar_(peak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibar (peak) (page does not exist)">Ibar</a>, 2,666 metres (8,747 ft)</li> <li>Dodov Vrah, 2,661 metres (8,730 ft)</li> <li>Eleni Vrah, 2,654 metres (8,707 ft)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelov_Vrah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelov Vrah (page does not exist)">Angelov Vrah</a>, 2,643 metres (8,671 ft)</li> <li>Ostrets (Sivrichal), 2,641 metres (8,665 ft)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravni_Chal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravni Chal (page does not exist)">Ravni Chal</a>, 2,637 metres (8,652 ft)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kovach_(summit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kovach (summit) (page does not exist)">Kovach</a>, 2,634 metres (8,642 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmeken_(peak)" title="Belmeken (peak)">Belmeken</a>, 2,626 metres (8,615 ft)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvuglav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvuglav (page does not exist)">Dvuglav</a>, 2,605 metres (8,547 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermera" title="Mermera">Mermera</a>, 2,602 metres (8,537 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golyam_Mermer" title="Golyam Mermer">Golyam Mermer</a>, 2,602 metres (8,537 ft)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haramiyata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haramiyata (page does not exist)">Haramiyata</a> (Hayduta), 2,465 metres (8,087 ft)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Rila is situated in the southern zone of the <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> region and has typical <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">Alpine climate</a> with elevational zones. The climate is influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Low" title="Icelandic Low">Icelandic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Genoa_low" title="Genoa low">West Mediterranean cyclones</a>, the former mainly in late spring and early summer, and the latter — in winter, bringing frequent and high rainfall, as well as by the <a href="/wiki/Azores_High" title="Azores High">Azores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siberian_High" title="Siberian High">Siberian anticyclones</a> in summer and winter, bringing droughts.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The local microclimate is also influenced by the terrain, the exposure of the slopes and the orientation of the valleys.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The average temperature decreases and the average precipitation increases with elevation.<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_410-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-donchev126-18">[18]</a> The coldest month is March and the hottest one August. Negative temperatures remain on average for about nine months in the Alpine zone, often continuing until the end of June. A steady rise in temperature is observed in the middle and end of July. Even during the summer months, temperature over 10 °C do not hold up for long periods. About five to ten days in June, July and August have an average temperature above 15 °C. This determines the short vegetation period in the high elevation areas which varies from three to six months; it lasts about three months at elevation over 2,000 m. The average annual temperature is 2.6 °C on the northern slopes and 3.1 °C on the southern.<a href="#cite_note-plan_43-19">[19]</a> With an average annual temperature of −3.0 °C, Musala is the coldest place in Bulgaria.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a> The lowest absolute temperature in Rila was also measured there: −31.2 °C;<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-perry110-20">[20]</a> the lowest mean monthly temperature was recorded there in February: −11.6 °C. The absolute maximum temperature at Musala is 18.7 °C. Temperature amplitude decreases with elevation from 20 °C at 800 m to 15 °C at 2,800 m.<a href="#cite_note-plan_43-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(meteorology)" title="Inversion (meteorology)">Temperature inversions</a>, i.e. increase in temperature with height, are frequent on the northern slopes and occur especially often in the Samokov Valley, Borovets and Musala, where it is observed in 250 days annually.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Musala Peak </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 (45) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 (38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 (56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7 (65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (63) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14 (57) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.7 (65.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6 (18.3) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6 (21.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6 (29.1) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 (43.0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (35.2) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1 (28.2) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1 (21.0) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.5 (32.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.8 (12.6) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.0 (15.8) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2 (22.6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (36.7) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9 (23.2) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6 (16.5) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2.5 (27.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.8 (7.2) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.6 (7.5) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.6 (11.1) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8 (18.0) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 (39.4) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6 (25.5) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3 (18.9) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0 (12.2) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5.2 (22.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.6 (−23.1) </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.8 (−21.6) </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.8 (−16.2) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.6 (−5.1) </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.6 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12 (10) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8 (18) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.8 (14.4) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14 (7) </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.5 (0.5) </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.4 (−17.3) </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.2 (−24.2) </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−31.2 (−24.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">126 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">130 (5.1) </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">128 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">119 (4.7) </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105 (4.1) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80 (3.1) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88 (3.5) </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">115 (4.5) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,176 (46.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">124 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B3B370; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,925 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Stringmeteo.com </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> The annual precipitation varies with elevation and slope orientation. The annual precipitation is 653 mm at <a href="/wiki/Samokov" title="Samokov">Samokov</a> (1,029 m), 932 mm at Borovets (1,350 m) and 1200 mm at Musala (2,925 m); about 80% of it being snow at the later.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-donchev126-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-perry110-20">[20]</a> The rainfall occurs mostly in summer and spring on the northern slopes, with maximum in June and minimum in February; the rainfall increases in winter and decreases in summer on the southern slopes and yet the monthly maximum and minimum are the same; there are 130–160 days with rainfall/snowfall.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Air humidity in the highlands of Rila ranges between 80 and 85%. The coldest winter months are also the driest. Humidity differs on the northern and southern slopes of Rila. The snow cover above 1,000 m begins to form on 10–15 December on the northern slopes and after 20–30 December on the southern. Its average monthly thickness reaches 20 to 30 cm in February at low elevations. In the Alpine zone above 2,000 m the snow cover is thickest in March, reaching 70 to 80 cm. In the highest ridges the maximum thickness reaches 200 to 240 cm.<a href="#cite_note-perry110-20">[20]</a> The snow cover remains for an average of 70–80 days at elevations of 1,200–1,300 m and 180 to 200 days at elevations above 2,000 m. <a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">Avalanches</a> are frequent, often caused by temperature changes by the influx of warm Mediterranean air masses.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-donchev126-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-perry111-22">[22]</a> Winds may reach speed of 40–45 m/s (over 100 km/h) at the summits,<a href="#cite_note-plan_50-23">[23]</a> with mostly south-western and western orientation. The north-west and north-east winds are more moderate. The average monthly wind speed on the highest mountain summits reaches 11–12 m/s. In the lower parts, the average monthly speed varies from 1.2 to 2.5 m/s and in the middle height zone it ranges from 2.5 to 3.2 m/s.<a href="#cite_note-plan_50-23">[23]</a> Winds are usually strongest in winter and lightest in autumn.<a href="#cite_note-perry111-22">[22]</a> The annual duration of sunshine in the Alpine zone is 1930 hours with maximum in August and minimum in December–January; it raises to more than 2150 hours at 1,000 m.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hydrology">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rila_7_lakes_circus_panorama_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glacial lakes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rila_7_lakes_circus_panorama_edit2.jpg/250px-Rila_7_lakes_circus_panorama_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rila_7_lakes_circus_panorama_edit2.jpg/500px-Rila_7_lakes_circus_panorama_edit2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4783" data-file-height="1414" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Seven_Rila_Lakes" title="Seven Rila Lakes">Seven Rila Lakes</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Goritsa_waterfall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A waterfall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Goritsa_waterfall.JPG/250px-Goritsa_waterfall.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Goritsa_waterfall.JPG/500px-Goritsa_waterfall.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Goritsa_Waterfall" title="Goritsa Waterfall">Goritsa Waterfall</a></div></div></div></div></div> Rila is an important hydrological unit in Bulgaria with very high hydropower potential, representing about 1/4 of the total potential of the country. The water reserves that form within the mountain range are the most important source of clean potable water for the surrounding settlements, the national capital <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> and part of the population of Northern Greece and European Turkey. The regime of the rivers of Rila is directly related to the elevation and about half of the water reserves in the mountain are at an elevation above 2,050 m. The main <a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">drainage divide</a> in the Balkans separating the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basins</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> passes through Rila's northern ridge, including the summit of Musala.<a href="#cite_note-perry108-10">[10]</a> Some of the Balkans' longest rivers originate from Rila, including the <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Maritsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iskar_(river)" title="Iskar (river)">Iskar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nestos_(river)" title="Nestos (river)">Mesta</a>, as well as several important tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Struma_(river)" title="Struma (river)">Struma</a> — <a href="/wiki/Rilska_River" title="Rilska River">Rilska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dzherman_(river)" title="Dzherman (river)">Dzherman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blagoevgradska_Bistritsa" title="Blagoevgradska Bistritsa">Blagoevgradska Bistritsa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_410-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-donchev126-18">[18]</a> Of them, the Iskar and its tributaries belong to the Black Sea drainage basins, and all the rest — to the Aegean. About 78% of the water flows into the Aegean drainage system.<a href="#cite_note-perry109-25">[25]</a> The runoff comes from snowmelt in the Alpine zones and rainfall.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_768-15">[15]</a> Water discharge reaches its maximum in late spring and early summer with spring accounting for more than half of the total annual discharge. The maximum at the highest elevations is in summer due to the late snowmelt. The minimum is in autumn and winter.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a> The largest waterfalls are <a href="/wiki/Skakavitsa_Waterfall" title="Skakavitsa Waterfall">Skakavitsa</a> (70 m) and <a href="/wiki/Goritsa_Waterfall" title="Goritsa Waterfall">Goritsa</a> (39 m).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> There are abundant <a href="/wiki/Mineral_spring" title="Mineral spring">mineral springs</a> that include the hottest one in South-eastern Europe at <a href="/wiki/Sapareva_Banya" title="Sapareva Banya">Sapareva Banya</a> forming a <a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">geyser</a> with a temperature of 101.4 °C.<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_427-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The cirques at the high elevation zone contain 189 glacial lakes; there are also about 30 smaller ones that evaporate in summer, including tectonic lakes like Panichishte.<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_410-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Their location is closely linked to the snowline during the last glacial period and most of them lie at elevations between 2,100 m and 2,500 m. Most lakes (28) are situated at elevations between 2,300 m and 2,350 m; there are 23 between 2,350 m and 2,400 m, 19 between 2,250 m and 2,300 m and 19 between 2,400 m and 2,450 m.<a href="#cite_note-perry109-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a> Their length varies between 800 m and 20 m, the width — between 375 m and 10 m, the area — between 1 m and 212 decares, the depth — between 0.5 m and 37.5 m. Most of them are between 2 m and 10 m deep and four reach depth of over 20 m.<a href="#cite_note-perry109-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a> The water is transparent as deep as 15 m. Most of the lakes are covered with ice during most of the year — from October to June. The ice thickness reaches 3 m in the highest lakes.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a> The largest glacial lake in Rila and in the Balkans is <a href="/wiki/Smradlivo_Lake" title="Smradlivo Lake">Smradlivo</a> with an area of 212 decares;<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> the longest is the <a href="/wiki/Ribni_Lakes" title="Ribni Lakes">Upper Ribno Lake</a> reaching 801 m; the deepest is Okoto, one of the Seven Rila Lakes with a depth of 37.5 m;<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> the highest is Ledeno at an elevation of 2,709 m;<a href="#cite_note-perry109-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> the lowest is Suho at 2,045 m. The most important lake groups are the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Rila_Lakes" title="Seven Rila Lakes">Seven Rila Lakes</a> (seven lakes), <a href="/wiki/Musala_Lakes" title="Musala Lakes">Musala Lakes</a> (seven), <a href="/wiki/Marichini_Lakes" title="Marichini Lakes">Marichini Lakes</a> (seven), <a href="/wiki/Urdini_Lakes" title="Urdini Lakes">Urdini Lakes</a> (six), <a href="/wiki/Malyovishki_Lakes" title="Malyovishki Lakes">Malyovishki Lakes</a> (three), <a href="/wiki/Elenski_Lakes" title="Elenski Lakes">Elenski Lakes</a> (three), <a href="/wiki/Chanakgyolski_Lakes" title="Chanakgyolski Lakes">Chanakgyolski Lakes</a> (two), <a href="/wiki/Vapski_Lakes" title="Vapski Lakes">Vapski Lakes</a> (two), etc.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nature">Nature</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nature">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetrao_urogallus_Rila_Bulgaria_Stefan_Avramov_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a bird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tetrao_urogallus_Rila_Bulgaria_Stefan_Avramov_01.jpg/250px-Tetrao_urogallus_Rila_Bulgaria_Stefan_Avramov_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Tetrao_urogallus_Rila_Bulgaria_Stefan_Avramov_01.jpg/500px-Tetrao_urogallus_Rila_Bulgaria_Stefan_Avramov_01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A male <a href="/wiki/Western_capercaillie" title="Western capercaillie">western capercaillie</a> in Rila</figcaption></figure> The vegetation is determined by the elevation. At the lowest portions there are xerothermal oak forests dominated by Hungarian oak (<a href="/wiki/Quercus_frainetto" title="Quercus frainetto">Quercus frainetto</a>), pubescent oak (<a href="/wiki/Quercus_pubescens" title="Quercus pubescens">Quercus pubescens</a>) and Austrian oak (<a href="/wiki/Quercus_cerris" title="Quercus cerris">Quercus cerris</a>) with some Mediterranean cenosis of cade juniper (<a href="/wiki/Juniperus_oxycedrus" title="Juniperus oxycedrus">Juniperus oxycedrus</a>) and scorpion senna (<a href="/wiki/Hippocrepis_emerus" title="Hippocrepis emerus">Hippocrepis emerus</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a> Higher in the mountain up to 1,300 m the deciduous forests are primarily of sessile oak (<a href="/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea">Quercus petraea</a>) with smaller participation of European hop-hornbeam (<a href="/wiki/Ostrya_carpinifolia" title="Ostrya carpinifolia">Ostrya carpinifolia</a>), common hornbean (<a href="/wiki/Carpinus_betulus" title="Carpinus betulus">Carpinus betulus</a>), Heldreich's maple (<a href="/wiki/Acer_heldreichii" title="Acer heldreichii">Acer heldreichii</a>), Balkan maple (<a href="/wiki/Acer_hyrcanum" title="Acer hyrcanum">Acer hyrcanum</a>) and European ash (<a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_excelsior" title="Fraxinus excelsior">Fraxinus excelsior</a>); the zone between 1,300 m and 1,600 m is dominated by European beech (<a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">Fagus sylvatica</a>), at places mixed with European silver fir (<a href="/wiki/Abies_alba" title="Abies alba">Abies alba</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a> The endemic Rila oak (<a href="/wiki/Quercus_protoroburoides" title="Quercus protoroburoides">Quercus protoroburoides</a>) inhabits only the Rilska River valley.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The forests of coniferous zone between 1,600 m and 2,100 m consist of primarily of Norway spruce (<a href="/wiki/Picea_abies" title="Picea abies">Picea abies</a>), Macedonian pine (<a href="/wiki/Pinus_peuce" title="Pinus peuce">Pinus peuce</a>) и Scots pine (<a href="/wiki/Pinus_sylvestris" title="Pinus sylvestris">Pinus sylvestris</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a> The sub-Alpine zone up to 2,500 m is covered by dwarf mountain pine (<a href="/wiki/Pinus_mugo" title="Pinus mugo">Pinus mugo</a>) and common juniper (<a href="/wiki/Juniperus_communis" title="Juniperus communis">Juniperus communis</a>) formations mixed with green alder (<a href="/wiki/Alnus_viridis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alnus viridis">Alnus viridis</a>) at wetter localities and <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron_myrtifolium" title="Rhododendron myrtifolium">Rhododendron myrtifolium</a> in East Rila.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_769-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The alpine line is covered with grass, moss, lichen, rare flowers, dwarf willows such as <a href="/wiki/Salix_herbacea" title="Salix herbacea">Salix herbacea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salix_retusa" title="Salix retusa">Salix retusa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salix_reticulata" title="Salix reticulata">Salix reticulata</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_770-36">[36]</a> Due to the difficult terrain, the forests of Rila are not much influenced by anthropogenic activities and their average age is above 100 years.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Some Norway spruces and European silver firs reach height of 60 m.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Primula_deorum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a flower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Primula_deorum.jpg/250px-Primula_deorum.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Primula_deorum.jpg/500px-Primula_deorum.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The endemic Rila primrose (<a href="/wiki/Primula_deorum" title="Primula deorum">Primula deorum</a>)</figcaption></figure> The number of <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plants</a> includes about 1400 species registered only within the territory of Rila National Park,<a href="#cite_note-perry111-22">[22]</a> of them 34 are endemic to Bulgaria, including three restricted to Rila, and 89 — to the Balkans; 31 are Tertiary or pre-glacial <a href="/wiki/Relict_(biology)" title="Relict (biology)">relicts</a> and 104 are glacial relicts.<a href="#cite_note-perry111-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-plan_118-39">[39]</a> Notable Bulgarian endemic species include Rila primrose (<a href="/wiki/Primula_deorum" title="Primula deorum">Primula deorum</a>) and rhapontic rhubarb (<a href="/wiki/Rheum_rhaponticum" title="Rheum rhaponticum">Rheum rhaponticum</a>); taxa restricted to the Balkans include Bulgarian avens (<a href="/wiki/Geum_bulgaricum" title="Geum bulgaricum">Geum bulgaricum</a>), yellow columbine (<a href="/wiki/Aquilegia_aurea" title="Aquilegia aurea">Aquilegia aurea</a>), Bulgarian gentian (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentianella_bulgarica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentianella bulgarica (page does not exist)">Gentianella bulgarica</a>), Balkanian butterwort (<a href="/wiki/Pinguicula_balcanica" title="Pinguicula balcanica">Pinguicula balcanica</a>), <a href="/wiki/Crocus_veluchensis" title="Crocus veluchensis">Crocus veluchensis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dianthus_microlepis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dianthus microlepis (page does not exist)">Dianthus microlepis</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-plan_118-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Non-vascular_plant" title="Non-vascular plant">non-vascular flora</a> includes 974 <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, 313 <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">moss</a> and 251 <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a> species.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a> are represented by 665 species, including 64 mushrooms listed in the Red Book of Bulgaria.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The mammal species within Rila National Park and its surroundings are 62<a href="#cite_note-Rila_National_Park_Management_Plan,_2015–2024_2015_127-43">[43]</a> and include taxa of high conservation value, such as <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray wolf">gray wolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildcat" title="Wildcat">wildcat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">least weasel</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">marbled polecat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">chamois</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_ground_squirrel" title="European ground squirrel">European ground squirrel</a>, as well as the glacial relict <a href="/wiki/European_snow_vole" title="European snow vole">European snow vole</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_770-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rila_National_Park_Management_Plan,_2015–2024_2015_128-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The bird species are 156; of the 120 are nesting within Rila National Park.<a href="#cite_note-Rila_National_Park_Management_Plan,_2015–2024_2015_128-44">[44]</a> These include three relicts — <a href="/wiki/Boreal_owl" title="Boreal owl">boreal owl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_pygmy_owl" title="Eurasian pygmy owl">Eurasian pygmy owl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_three-toed_woodpecker" title="Eurasian three-toed woodpecker">Eurasian three-toed woodpecker</a>, and species that require special conservation measures like <a href="/wiki/Short-toed_snake_eagle" title="Short-toed snake eagle">short-toed snake eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_stork" title="Black stork">black stork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_woodcock" title="Eurasian woodcock">Eurasian woodcock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_capercaillie" title="Western capercaillie">western capercaillie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazel_grouse" title="Hazel grouse">hazel grouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_partridge" title="Rock partridge">rock partridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey-headed_woodpecker" title="Grey-headed woodpecker">grey-headed woodpecker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_woodpecker" title="Black woodpecker">black woodpecker</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-throated_dipper" title="White-throated dipper">white-throated dipper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallcreeper" title="Wallcreeper">wallcreeper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpine_chough" title="Alpine chough">Alpine chough</a> among others.<a href="#cite_note-Rila_National_Park_Management_Plan,_2015–2024_2015_127-43">[43]</a> There are 18 reptile, 10 amphibian and 12 fish species.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The invertebrate fauna discovered so far includes 4186 species and is expected to rise to over 7000; of them 34 are endemic to Rila, 123 — to Bulgaria and another 123 — to the Balkans.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The biodiversity, ecosystems and the pristine landscapes are protected by <a href="/wiki/Rila_National_Park" title="Rila National Park">Rila National Park</a> declared in 1992, which is Bulgaria's largest spanning a territory of 810.46 km2, and <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery_Nature_Park" title="Rila Monastery Nature Park">Rila Monastery Nature Park</a> covering another 252.535 km2. There are four nature reserves in the former — <a href="/wiki/Parangalitsa" title="Parangalitsa">Parangalitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Rila_Reserve" title="Central Rila Reserve">Central Rila Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibar_Reserve" title="Ibar Reserve">Ibar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skakavitsa_Reserve" title="Skakavitsa Reserve">Skakavitsa</a>, and another one, <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery_Forest" title="Rila Monastery Forest">Rila Monastery Forest</a>, in the latter.<a href="#cite_note-perry108-10">[10]</a> Parangalitsa was declared a <a href="/wiki/Man_and_the_Biosphere_Programme" title="Man and the Biosphere Programme">UNESCO Biosphere Reserve</a> in 1977,<a href="#cite_note-unesco-49">[49]</a> while the Central Rila Reserve is the largest one in the Balkans with an area of 123.937 km2.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlements,_transportation_and_economy">Settlements, transportation and economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Settlements, transportation and economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAVECChaira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a hydro power station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PAVECChaira.jpg/250px-PAVECChaira.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PAVECChaira.jpg/375px-PAVECChaira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PAVECChaira.jpg/500px-PAVECChaira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>The dam of Chaira HPP</figcaption></figure> Rila is a sparsely populated mountain range with most of the settlements located in the valleys at the foothills, inhabited by c. 250,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_770-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Administratively it falls in four of Bulgaria's 28 provinces: <a href="/wiki/Blagoevgrad_Province" title="Blagoevgrad Province">Blagoevgrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyustendil_Province" title="Kyustendil Province">Kyustendil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Province" title="Sofia Province">Sofia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pazardzhik_Province" title="Pazardzhik Province">Pazardzhik</a>. From west to east there are five towns at the northern foothills — <a href="/wiki/Sapareva_Banya" title="Sapareva Banya">Sapareva Banya</a> (pop. 3,815 as of 2016),<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Samokov" title="Samokov">Samokov</a> (25,880),<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolna_Banya" title="Dolna Banya">Dolna Banya</a> (4,510),<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kostenets" title="Kostenets">Kostenets</a> (6,228)<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belovo,_Bulgaria" title="Belovo, Bulgaria">Belovo</a> (3,533);<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> there are four towns at the western foothills (from north to south) — <a href="/wiki/Dupnitsa" title="Dupnitsa">Dupnitsa</a> (35,255),<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rila,_Bulgaria" title="Rila, Bulgaria">Rila</a> (2,359),<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kocherinovo" title="Kocherinovo">Kocherinovo</a> (1,723)<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blagoevgrad" title="Blagoevgrad">Blagoevgrad</a> (66,886);<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> as well as three more at the south-eastern foothills (from west to east) — <a href="/wiki/Razlog" title="Razlog">Razlog</a> (12,036),<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belitsa" title="Belitsa">Belitsa</a> (2,964)<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yakoruda" title="Yakoruda">Yakoruda</a> (5,288).<a href="#cite_note-grao-52">[52]</a> There are a number of villages, including among others <a href="/wiki/Govedartsi" title="Govedartsi">Govedartsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belchin" title="Belchin">Belchin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madzhare" title="Madzhare">Madzhare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kostenets_(village)" title="Kostenets (village)">Kostenets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastra,_Bulgaria" title="Pastra, Bulgaria">Pastra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stob_(village)" title="Stob (village)">Stob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barakovo,_Bulgaria" title="Barakovo, Bulgaria">Barakovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dobarsko" title="Dobarsko">Dobarsko</a>, etc.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Some of the settlements on the Rila include a small <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanian</a> minority.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The mountain range is served by several roads running along its foothills. No roads traverse the massif. In the west along the Struma Valley runs <a href="/wiki/Struma_motorway" title="Struma motorway">Struma motorway</a> paralleled by the first class <a href="/wiki/I-1_road_(Bulgaria)" title="I-1 road (Bulgaria)">I-1 road</a>, both part of <a href="/wiki/European_route_E79" title="European route E79">European route E79</a>, that connect the national capital <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> and Greece via the provincial centre <a href="/wiki/Blagoevgrad" title="Blagoevgrad">Blagoevgrad</a>. The second class <a href="/wiki/II-62_road_(Bulgaria)" title="II-62 road (Bulgaria)">II-62 road</a> branches off I-1 at Dupnitsa and runs east to Samokov where it joins the second class <a href="/wiki/II-82_road_(Bulgaria)" title="II-82 road (Bulgaria)">II-82 road</a> which continues in eastern direction until the town of Kostenets, where it joins the first class <a href="/wiki/I-8_road_(Bulgaria)" title="I-8 road (Bulgaria)">I-8 road</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/European_route_E80" title="European route E80">European route E80</a>. The second class <a href="/wiki/II-19_road_(Bulgaria)" title="II-19 road (Bulgaria)">II-19 road</a> which branches off I-1 at <a href="/wiki/Simitli" title="Simitli">Simitli</a>, goes east crossing the Predel Saddle into the <a href="/wiki/Razlog_Valley" title="Razlog Valley">Razlog Valley</a> and at the homonymous town links with the second class <a href="/wiki/II-84_road_(Bulgaria)" title="II-84 road (Bulgaria)">II-84 road</a> which runs in north-eastern direction along the Avramovo Saddle and links with the I-8 road/E80 near <a href="/wiki/Pazardzhik" title="Pazardzhik">Pazardzhik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-api-54">[54]</a> Rila is served by the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_State_Railways" title="Bulgarian State Railways">Bulgarian State Railways</a> via railway line No. 1 in the north-east with stations at Kostenets and Belovo, railway line No. 5 along the Struma Valley in the west and the <a href="/wiki/Septemvri%E2%80%93Dobrinishte_narrow-gauge_line" title="Septemvri–Dobrinishte narrow-gauge line">Septemvri–Dobrinishte narrow-gauge line</a> in the south-east.<a href="#cite_note-api-54">[54]</a> The most important sectors of the local economy are tourism, services, industry and agriculture. The abundant water resources are utilised by some of Bulgaria's largest hydro power plants, the most important of them being fueled by the <a href="/wiki/Belmeken_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Belmeken Dam">Belmeken Dam</a> in East Rila — <a href="/wiki/Chaira_Hydro_Power_Plant" title="Chaira Hydro Power Plant">Chaira Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plant</a> (864 MW), <a href="/wiki/Belmeken_Hydro_Power_Plant" title="Belmeken Hydro Power Plant">Belmeken Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plant</a> (375 MW), <a href="/wiki/Sestrimo_Hydro_Power_Plant" title="Sestrimo Hydro Power Plant">Sestrimo Hydro Power Plant</a> (240 MW) and <a href="/wiki/Momina_Klisura_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Momina Klisura Hydroelectric Power Station">Momina Klisura Hydroelectric Power Station</a> (120 MW).<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_770-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Chaira is the largest pumped storage HPP in South-eastern Europe. They form the <a href="/wiki/Belmeken%E2%80%93Sestrimo%E2%80%93Chaira_Hydropower_Cascade" title="Belmeken–Sestrimo–Chaira Hydropower Cascade">Belmeken–Sestrimo–Chaira Hydropower Cascade</a>, the biggest and most complex hydroelectric complex in Bulgaria, with a combined installed capacity of 1,599 MW.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> At an elevation of 1,900 m is located the second biggest reservoir in Rila, <a href="/wiki/Beli_Iskar_Reservoir" title="Beli Iskar Reservoir">Beli Iskar</a>, constructed between 1939 and 1945, that provides 25% of Sofia's potable water and powers a small 16 MW hydro power station.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> At an elevation of 2,394 m, Kalin is the highest reservoir in the Balkans.<a href="#cite_note-donchev126-18">[18]</a> Rila accounts for 6% of Bulgaria's timber resources.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_770-36">[36]</a> Manufacturing industry is centred in Blagoevgrad, Dupnitsa, Samokov, Razlog and Belovo; the main sectors are food processing, machine building, pharmaceutical and paper mills.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_770-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86,_31.12.2015_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a ski resort" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%2C_31.12.2015_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%2C_31.12.2015_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%2C_31.12.2015_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%2C_31.12.2015_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4293" data-file-height="2862" /></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/wiki/Borovets" title="Borovets">Borovets</a> in winter</figcaption></figure> Rila is a popular tourist destination for winter sports, spa tourism, recreation and cultural tourism. <a href="/wiki/Borovets" title="Borovets">Borovets</a>, situated on the northern slopes at 9 km from Samokov, is the oldest winter resort in Bulgaria and the largest one in Rila.<a href="#cite_note-Borovets-59">[59]</a> It has 27 marked <a href="/wiki/Piste" title="Piste">ski runs</a> with a total length of 58 km equipped with 12 lifts facilities and provides conditions for <a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">alpine skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Night_skiing" title="Night skiing">night skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biathlon" title="Biathlon">biathlon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboard" title="Snowboard">snowboard</a>, etc.; it has hosted competitions in the <a href="/wiki/FIS_Alpine_Ski_World_Cup" title="FIS Alpine Ski World Cup">FIS Alpine Ski World Cup</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1993" title="Biathlon World Championships 1993">Biathlon World Championships 1993</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Borovets-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The top elevation is 2,560 m while the lowest is 1,300 m.<a href="#cite_note-Borovets-59">[59]</a> Over 36,000 foreign tourists have stayed in Borovets for the 2016/17 winter season spending an average of five nights.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Other much smaller ski resorts include <a href="/wiki/Panichishte" title="Panichishte">Panichishte</a> with several ski runs, <a href="/wiki/Semkovo" title="Semkovo">Semkovo</a> with seven ski runs totaling 4 km, Bodrost with 5 km ski runs and Govedartsi with a single 1.7 km ski run.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The Balmeken High Mountain Sports Complex is located at an elevation of 2,050 m in East Rila and is used for training, medical and biological research by athletes but also provides opportunities for family recreation.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The mountain range was a favourite place of retreat for the Bulgarian monarchs <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand I</a> (r. 1887–1918) and his son <a href="/wiki/Boris_III_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris III of Bulgaria">Boris III</a> (r. 1918–1943). The palace of <a href="/wiki/Tsarska_Bistritsa" title="Tsarska Bistritsa">Tsarska Bistritsa</a> was constructed between 1898 and 1914 above Borovets in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Revival" title="Bulgarian National Revival">Bulgarian National Revival</a> style with several edifices and a park. Its 170 kW hydroelectric generator installed in 1912 is still working unaltered.<a href="#cite_note-Tsarska_Bistritsa-67">[67]</a> Two other <a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss" title="Jagdschloss">hunting lodges</a> were constructed for the monarchs — <a href="/wiki/Sitnyakovo" title="Sitnyakovo">Sitnyakovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saragyol" title="Saragyol">Saragyol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tsarska_Bistritsa-67">[67]</a> There are 17 mountains refuges with a total of 1938 beds.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> There are 198 km primary and 363 km secondary hiking trails in Rila National Park, including <a href="/wiki/E4_European_long_distance_path" title="E4 European long distance path">E4 European long distance path</a> that traverses it from west to south and <a href="/wiki/E8_European_long_distance_path" title="E8 European long distance path">E8 European long distance path</a> that traverses it from north-west to south.<a href="#cite_note-Rila_National_Park_Management_Plan,_2015–2024_2015_136-69">[69]</a> Rila National Park was visited by about 100,000 tourists annually for the period 2000–2014 reaching a peak of 268,000 in 2012, while with a little more than 1 million visitors Rila Monastery Nature Park is the second most visited one in the country, after <a href="/wiki/Vitosha" title="Vitosha">Vitosha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rila_National_Park_Management_Plan,_2015–2024_2015_136-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-basic_information-70">[70]</a> In 2000 on the south-western slopes was established the <a href="/wiki/Dancing_Bears_Park_Belitsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancing Bears Park Belitsa">Dancing Bears Park Belitsa</a> that shelters all <a href="/wiki/Tame_bear" title="Tame bear">dancing bears</a> from Bulgaria following the ban of that practice, as well as individuals from Albania and Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rila_Monastery_(%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80)_-_by_Pudelek.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rila_Monastery_%28%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%29_-_by_Pudelek.JPG/250px-Rila_Monastery_%28%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%29_-_by_Pudelek.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rila_Monastery_%28%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%29_-_by_Pudelek.JPG/375px-Rila_Monastery_%28%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%29_-_by_Pudelek.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rila_Monastery_%28%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%29_-_by_Pudelek.JPG/500px-Rila_Monastery_%28%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%29_-_by_Pudelek.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2885" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption>The main church of the <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery" title="Rila Monastery">Rila Monastery</a></figcaption></figure> The abundant mineral springs along the fault lines along the northern foothills of Rila favour health and spa tourism. The most significant spa resorts from west to east are Sapareva Banya with a total discharge of 33 L/sec and temperature of 33–101.4 °C,<a href="#cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_427-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belchinski_Bani" title="Belchinski Bani">Belchinski Bani</a> with a total discharge of 24 L/sec and temperature of 40–41.5 °C,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Dolna Banya with a total discharge of 22 L/sec and temperature of 56.3 °C<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and the village of Kostenets with a total discharge of 12 L/sec and temperature of 46–73 °C. Rila has well developed cultural tourism and contains five of the <a href="/wiki/100_Tourist_Sites_of_Bulgaria" title="100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria">100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria</a> — the Church of Theodore Tyro and Theodore Stratelates in the village of <a href="/wiki/Dobarsko" title="Dobarsko">Dobarsko</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery" title="Rila Monastery">Rila Monastery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Stob_Earth_Pyramids" title="Stob Earth Pyramids">Stob Earth Pyramids</a>, the Seven Rila Lakes, the museum of history and the convent in the town of Samokov, and the summit of Musala.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Rila Monastery is the most important architectural monument in the mountain range. It is situated at an elevation of 1,147 m and was declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage List">UNESCO's world heritage site</a> in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-basic_information-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-heritage-75">[75]</a> The Monastery is considered to be a cultural and spiritual centre of Bulgaria.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-75">[75]</a> With its architecture and frescos Rila Monastery represents a masterpiece of the creative genius of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarian people</a> and has exerted considerable influence on architecture and aesthetics within the Balkan area.<a href="#cite_note-rila_monastery-76">[76]</a> Established in the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> by the medieval Bulgarian hermit and saint <a href="/wiki/John_of_Rila" title="John of Rila">John of Rila</a> during the reign of emperor <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Peter I of Bulgaria">Peter I of Bulgaria</a> (r. 927–969),<a href="#cite_note-history-77">[77]</a> the monastery developed into one of the main cradles of Bulgarian culture, literature and spirituality. In the 18th century it became one of the main hubs of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Revival" title="Bulgarian National Revival">Bulgarian National Revival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rila_monastery-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-history-77">[77]</a> The complex covers an area of 8,800 m2 and consists of a five-domed church, a defensive tower and monastic apartments encircling an inner yard. The exterior of the complex resembles a fortress with its high stone walls and little windows. The oldest surviving structure is the 23 m high Hrelyo's Tower, constructed in 1334–1335.<a href="#cite_note-rila_monastery-76">[76]</a> The Church of Theodore Tyro and Theodore Stratelates in Dobarsko at an elevation of about 1,000 m is a small three-naved stone basilica half dug into the ground, constructed in 1614 and painted in 1672. The church is noted for its abundance of original frescoes and icons.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Nicholas,_Sapareva_Banya" title="Church of St Nicholas, Sapareva Banya">Church of Saint Nicholas</a> in Sapareva Banya is small medieval edifice, constructed anytime from the 11th to the 14th century. It was built using red bricks and white mortar and is of a simple <a href="/wiki/Cross-in-square" title="Cross-in-square">cross-in-square</a> design, with a single nave and apse.<a href="#cite_note-journeybg-79">[79]</a> The town of Samokov achieved economic prosperity during the 17–19 centuries due to production of iron and has a number of monuments, including churches, a convent, a 17th-century Ottoman drinking fountain and a museum of history.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Near Belchin is located the recently restored Tsari Mali Grad Fortress.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honour">Honour</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honour">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Rila_Point" title="Rila Point">Rila Point</a> on <a href="/wiki/Livingston_Island" title="Livingston Island">Livingston Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands" title="South Shetland Islands">South Shetland Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> is named after Rila Mountain. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Rila_Reserve3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the Musala Lakes"><img alt="One of the Musala Lakes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Central_Rila_Reserve3.jpg/330px-Central_Rila_Reserve3.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Central_Rila_Reserve3.jpg/500px-Central_Rila_Reserve3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Central_Rila_Reserve3.jpg/960px-Central_Rila_Reserve3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2042" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the Musala Lakes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Okoto_lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Okoto, Rila's deepest lake"><img alt="Okoto, Rila's deepest lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Okoto_lake.jpg/240px-Okoto_lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Okoto_lake.jpg/360px-Okoto_lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Okoto_lake.jpg/480px-Okoto_lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3796" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Okoto, Rila's deepest lake</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rila_Mountains,_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of Rila"><img alt="A view of Rila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rila_Mountains%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/330px-Rila_Mountains%2C_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rila_Mountains%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/500px-Rila_Mountains%2C_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rila_Mountains%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/960px-Rila_Mountains%2C_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of Rila</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_7_Rila_lakes_-_Bliznaka_and_Haramiata_Peak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crocuses next to the Seven Rila Lakes"><img alt="Crocuses next to the Seven Rila Lakes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Image_7_Rila_lakes_-_Bliznaka_and_Haramiata_Peak.jpg/330px-Image_7_Rila_lakes_-_Bliznaka_and_Haramiata_Peak.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Image_7_Rila_lakes_-_Bliznaka_and_Haramiata_Peak.jpg/500px-Image_7_Rila_lakes_-_Bliznaka_and_Haramiata_Peak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Image_7_Rila_lakes_-_Bliznaka_and_Haramiata_Peak.jpg/960px-Image_7_Rila_lakes_-_Bliznaka_and_Haramiata_Peak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2757" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crocuses next to the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Rila_Lakes" title="Seven Rila Lakes">Seven Rila Lakes</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Malyovitsa-winter-ifb.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Malyovitsa seen in winter"><img alt="Malyovitsa seen in winter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Malyovitsa-winter-ifb.JPG/250px-Malyovitsa-winter-ifb.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Malyovitsa-winter-ifb.JPG/500px-Malyovitsa-winter-ifb.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Malyovitsa" title="Malyovitsa">Malyovitsa</a> seen in winter</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/120px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria" title="Portal:Bulgaria">Bulgaria portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/40px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/60px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/40px-Earth_Day_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/60px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/120px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ecology" title="Portal:Ecology">Ecology portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/40px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/60px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/120px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col div-col-small"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Geography of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rila_National_Park" title="Rila National Park">Rila National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery_Nature_Park" title="Rila Monastery Nature Park">Rila Monastery Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Bulgaria" title="List of mountains in Bulgaria">List of mountains in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_Balkans" title="List of mountains of the Balkans">List of mountains of the Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Bulgaria" title="List of protected areas of Bulgaria">List of protected areas of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bulgaria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bulgaria">List of World Heritage Sites in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Bulgaria" title="List of ecoregions in Bulgaria">List of ecoregions in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirin" title="Pirin">Pirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains" title="Rhodope Mountains">Rhodope Mountains</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Български етимологичен речник, том 6, Академично издателство "Професор Марин Дринов", София 2002, стр. 256-257 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Иван Дуриданов, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.nbu.bg/824/1/1963_South_Slavic_River_Names_and_their_Meaning_for_a_Slavic_Place_Name_Topic_Map.pdf">Южнославянските речни названия и тяхното значение за славянския топонимичен атлас, Славянска филология 3, Българска академия на науките, София 1963, стр.197</a> Eprints.nbu.bg </li> <li id="cite_note-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgarian_Encyclopaedia_978_3-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFBulgarian_Encyclopaedia2003">Bulgarian Encyclopaedia 2003</a>, p. 978 </li> <li id="cite_note-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria_409_4-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980">Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980</a>, p. 409 </li> <li id="cite_note-donchev124-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-donchev124_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-donchev124_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonchevKarakashev2004">Donchev & Karakashev 2004</a>, p. 124 </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Bulgaria_767_6-9">j</a> <a href="#CITEREFEncyclopaedia_Bulgaria1986">Encyclopaedia Bulgaria 1986</a>, p. 767 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPerry2010">Perry 2010</a>, pp. 107–108 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=337&sort=isol&u=m&hu=0&pt=notset&w=0">"Most Isolated Peak of Europe Countries"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ultra+Prominent+Peaks&rft.atitle=List+of+Ultra+Prominent+Peaks+of+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeaklist.org%2FWWlists%2Fultras%2FEuroCoreP1500m.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-perry108-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perry108_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry108_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry108_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry108_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry108_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry108_10-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFPerry2010">Perry 2010</a>, p. 108 </li> <li id="cite_note-donchev125-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-donchev125_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-donchev125_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-donchev125_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-donchev125_11-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonchevKarakashev2004">Donchev & Karakashev 2004</a>, p. 125 </li> <li 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София (Sofia): Издателство на БАН (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences">Bulgarian Academy of Sciences</a> Press).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+V.+%D0%9F-%D0%A0&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28Sofia%29&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9D+%28Bulgarian+Academy+of+Sciences+Press%29&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2+%28Georgiev%29&rft.aufirst=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%28Vladimir%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Мичев (Michev), Николай (Nikolay); Михайлов (Mihaylov), Цветко (Tsvetko); Вапцаров (Vaptsarov), Иван (Ivan); Кираджиев (Kiradzhiev), Светлин (Svetlin) (1980). Географски речник на България [Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria] (in Bulgarian). София (Sofia): Наука и култура (Nauka i kultura).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28Sofia%29&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%28Nauka+i+kultura%29&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2+%28Michev%29&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+%28Nikolay%29&rft.au=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%28Mihaylov%29%2C+%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE+%28Tsvetko%29&rft.au=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%28Vaptsarov%29%2C+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%28Ivan%29&rft.au=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2+%28Kiradzhiev%29%2C+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD+%28Svetlin%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonchevKarakashev2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Дончев (Donchev), Дончо (Doncho); Каракашев (Karakashev), Христо (Hristo) (2004). Теми по физическа и социално-икономическа география на България (Topics on Physical and Social-Economic Geography of Bulgaria) (in Bulgarian). София (Sofia): Ciela. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/954-649-717-7" title="Special:BookSources/954-649-717-7"><bdi>954-649-717-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28Topics+on+Physical+and+Social-Economic+Geography+of+Bulgaria%29&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28Sofia%29&rft.pub=Ciela&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=954-649-717-7&rft.aulast=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2+%28Donchev%29&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%BE+%28Doncho%29&rft.au=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2+%28Karakashev%29%2C+%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%28Hristo%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRila_National_Park_Management_Plan,_2015–20242015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Колектив (Collective) (2015). Rila National Park Management Plan, 2015–2024 (План за управление на национален парк "Рила", 2015–2024) (in Bulgarian). София (<a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rila+National+Park+Management+Plan%2C+2015%E2%80%932024+%28%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA+%22%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%22%2C+2015%E2%80%932024%29&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28Sofia%29&rft.date=2015&rft.au=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+%28Collective%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry2010" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Julian (2010). Walking in Bulgaria's National Parks. Cicerone. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85284-574-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85284-574-2"><bdi>978-1-85284-574-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+in+Bulgaria%27s+National+Parks&rft.pub=Cicerone&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-85284-574-2&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNabatov2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Набатов (Nabatov), Никита (Nikita) (2011). Електроенергетиката на България (Energy in Bulgaria) (in Bulgarian). София (Sofia): Гея Либрис (Tangra TanNakRa). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-954-378-081-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-954-378-081-5"><bdi>978-954-378-081-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28Energy+in+Bulgaria%29&rft.place=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28Sofia%29&rft.pub=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%8F+%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81+%28Tangra+TanNakRa%29&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-954-378-081-5&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%28Nabatov%29&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0+%28Nikita%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_links">External links</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rila" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rila">Rila</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rilanationalpark.bg/en/">"Rila National Park"</a>. Official Site of Rila National Park. Retrieved 6 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rila+National+Park&rft.pub=Official+Site+of+Rila+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frilanationalpark.bg%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328152602/https://www.bulgariatravel.org/en/article/details/354/National%2520Park%2520Rila">"Rila National Park"</a>. Official Tourism Portal of Bulgaria. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulgariatravel.org/en/article/details/354/National%20Park%20Rila">the original</a> on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rila+National+Park&rft.pub=Official+Tourism+Portal+of+Bulgaria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulgariatravel.org%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F354%2FNational%2520Park%2520Rila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitrila.net/home.html">"Visiting Rila"</a>. Retrieved 6 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visiting+Rila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitrila.net%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARila" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bulgaria_topics" title="Template:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bulgaria_topics" title="Template talk:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgaria_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgaria topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bulgaria_articles423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria" title="History of Bulgaria">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odrysian_kingdom" title="Odrysian kingdom">Odrysian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Bulgaria" title="Ottoman Bulgaria">Ottoman period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)">3rd Tsardom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bulgaria_since_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bulgaria since 1990">Bulgaria since 1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Black_Sea_Coast" title="Bulgarian Black Sea Coast">Black Sea coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bulgaria" title="List of cities and towns in Bulgaria">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Bulgaria" title="List of earthquakes in Bulgaria">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Bulgaria" title="List of islands of Bulgaria">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bulgaria" title="Provinces of Bulgaria">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirin" title="Pirin">Pirin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bulgaria" title="List of rivers of Bulgaria">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains" title="Rhodope Mountains">Rhodope Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredna_Gora" title="Sredna Gora">Sredna Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Bulgaria" title="List of villages in Bulgaria">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bulgaria" title="Politics of Bulgaria">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bulgaria" title="Constitution of Bulgaria">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria" title="Foreign relations of Bulgaria">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bulgaria" title="Government of Bulgaria">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bulgaria" title="Human rights in Bulgaria">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bulgaria">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bulgaria" title="Law of Bulgaria">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bulgaria" title="Law enforcement in Bulgaria">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_(Bulgaria)" title="Chief of the Defence (Bulgaria)">Chief of the Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Bulgaria" title="Chairperson of the National Assembly of Bulgaria">Chairperson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bulgaria" title="List of political parties in Bulgaria">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bulgaria" title="Economy of Bulgaria">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bulgaria" title="Agriculture in Bulgaria">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_about_the_economy_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics about the economy of Bulgaria">Economic statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Bulgaria" title="Energy in Bulgaria">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Bulgaria" title="Industry of Bulgaria">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_lev" title="Bulgarian lev">Lev (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Bank" title="Bulgarian National Bank">National bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Bulgaria" title="Science and technology in Bulgaria">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Stock_Exchange_%E2%80%93_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bulgaria" title="Tourism in Bulgaria">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bulgaria" title="Transport in Bulgaria">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Bulgaria" title="Rail transport in Bulgaria">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Bulgaria" title="Category:Society of Bulgaria">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bulgaria" title="Crime in Bulgaria">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bulgaria" title="Education in Bulgaria">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Bulgaria" title="Health in Bulgaria">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Languages of Bulgaria">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bulgaria" title="Demographics of Bulgaria">Demographics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bulgaria" title="Culture of Bulgaria">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Bulgaria" title="Mass media in Bulgaria">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria" title="Coat of arms of Bulgaria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_wine" title="Bulgarian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_customs" title="Bulgarian customs">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian dances">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_literature" title="Bulgarian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria" title="Music of Bulgaria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bulgaria" title="Public holidays in Bulgaria">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bulgaria" title="Sport in Bulgaria">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bulgaria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bulgaria">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bulgaria" title="Outline of Bulgaria">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bulgaria" title="Category:Bulgaria">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria" title="Portal:Bulgaria">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_Bulgaria123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Bulgaria" title="Template:Protected areas of Bulgaria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Bulgaria" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Bulgaria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Bulgaria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Bulgaria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Bulgaria123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Bulgaria" title="List of protected areas of Bulgaria">Protected areas of Bulgaria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">National parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Balkan_National_Park" title="Central Balkan National Park">Central Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirin_National_Park" title="Pirin National Park">Pirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rila_National_Park" title="Rila National Park">Rila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Nature parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belasitsa_Nature_Park" title="Belasitsa Nature Park">Belasitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarka_Nature_Park" title="Bulgarka Nature Park">Bulgarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Sands_Nature_Park" title="Golden Sands Nature Park">Golden Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persina_Nature_Park" title="Persina Nature Park">Persina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery_Nature_Park" title="Rila Monastery Nature Park">Rila Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusenski_Lom_Nature_Park" title="Rusenski Lom Nature Park">Rusenski Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumen_Plateau_Nature_Park" title="Shumen Plateau Nature Park">Shumen Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinite_Kamani_Nature_Park" title="Sinite Kamani Nature Park">Sinite Kamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandzha_Nature_Park" title="Strandzha Nature Park">Strandzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitosha_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitosha Nature Park">Vitosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrachanski_Balkan_Nature_Park" title="Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park">Vrachanski Balkan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Nature reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Botush_Reserve" title="Ali Botush Reserve">Ali Botush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Atanasovsko" title="Lake Atanasovsko">Atanasovo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayuvi_Dupki%E2%80%93Dzhindzhiritsa" title="Bayuvi Dupki–Dzhindzhiritsa">Bayuvi Dupki–Dzhindzhiritsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistrishko_Branishte" title="Bistrishko Branishte">Bistrishko Branishte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boatin_Reserve" title="Boatin Reserve">Boatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Reserve" title="Bogdan Reserve">Bogdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Rila_Reserve" title="Central Rila Reserve">Central Rila Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chervenata_Stena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chervenata Stena (page does not exist)">Chervenata Stena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhendema" title="Dzhendema">Dzhendema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibar_Reserve" title="Ibar Reserve">Ibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchia_(biosphere_reserve)" title="Kamchia (biosphere reserve)">Kamchia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamenshtitsa_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamenshtitsa Reserve (page does not exist)">Kamenshtitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kozya_Stena_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kozya Stena Reserve (page does not exist)">Kozya Stena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantaritza_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Mantaritza Biosphere Reserve">Mantaritza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orelyak_Reserve" title="Orelyak Reserve">Orelyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parangalitsa" title="Parangalitsa">Parangalitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peeshti_Skali_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peeshti Skali Reserve (page does not exist)">Peeshti Skali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery_Forest" title="Rila Monastery Forest">Rila Monastery Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ropotamo_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ropotamo Reserve (page does not exist)">Ropotamo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Severen_Dzhendem_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Severen Dzhendem Reserve (page does not exist)">Severen Dzhendem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silkosiya_Reserve" title="Silkosiya Reserve">Silkosiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skakavitsa_Reserve" title="Skakavitsa Reserve">Skakavitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokolna_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sokolna Reserve (page does not exist)">Sokolna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srebarna_Nature_Reserve" title="Srebarna Nature Reserve">Srebarna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredoka_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sredoka Reserve (page does not exist)">Sredoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Reka_Reserve" title="Stara Reka Reserve">Stara Reka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steneto_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steneto Reserve (page does not exist)">Steneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisata" title="Tisata">Tisata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tisovitsa_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tisovitsa Reserve (page does not exist)">Tisovitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torfeno_Branishte" title="Torfeno Branishte">Torfeno Branishte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarichina_Reserve" title="Tsarichina Reserve">Tsarichina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchilishtna_Gora_Nature_Reserve" title="Uchilishtna Gora Nature Reserve">Uchilishtna Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzunbodzhak_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzunbodzhak Reserve">Uzunbodzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitanovo_Reserve" title="Vitanovo Reserve">Vitanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulen" title="Yulen">Yulen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Protected areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alepu" title="Alepu">Alepu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolata" title="Bolata">Bolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Burgas" title="Lake Burgas">Burgas Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreneto" title="Dreneto">Dreneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliakra" title="Kaliakra">Kaliakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mandrensko" title="Lake Mandrensko">Mandra Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhalnitsa" title="Muhalnitsa">Muhalnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobiti_Kamani" title="Pobiti Kamani">Pobiti Kamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poda_Protected_Area" title="Poda Protected Area">Poda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistar" title="Silistar">Silistar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ivan_Island" title="St. Ivan Island">St. Ivan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urvich_protected_area" title="Urvich protected area">Urvich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usungeren_Protected_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usungeren Protected Area (page does not exist)">Usungeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardim_Island" title="Vardim Island">Vardim Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117020-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0103742&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007538870305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rila&oldid=1263831153">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rila&oldid=1263831153</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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