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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traditional formal or semi-formal wedding originating in Great Britain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mariage_blanc" title="Mariage blanc">Mariage blanc</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/White_wedding_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="White wedding (disambiguation)">White wedding (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>A <b>white wedding</b> is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">formal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">semi-formal</a> wedding originating in Great Britain. </p><p>The term originates from the white colour of the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">wedding dress</a>, which originated with <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Brittany" title="Anne of Brittany">Anne of Brittany</a> during her 1499 marriage to <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII of France</a>. The white dress became popular with <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> elites after <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> wore a white lace dress at her <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">1840 wedding</a> to <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The white wedding style was given another significant boost in 1981, when 750 million people watched <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer">the wedding</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana Spencer</a> to <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles, Prince of Wales</a>, which saw her wear <a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="Wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer">an elaborate white taffeta dress</a> with an 8 m train.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingrassia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingrassia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The full white wedding experience today typically requires the family to arrange for or purchase printed or engraved <a href="/wiki/Wedding_invitation" title="Wedding invitation">wedding invitations</a>, musicians, decorations such as flowers or candles, clothes and flowers for <a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">bridesmaids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groomsmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Groomsmen">groomsmen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Flower_girl" title="Flower girl">flower girl</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Ring_bearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring bearer">ring bearer</a>. They may also add optional features such as a guest book or commemorative wedding leaflets. It is common to have a celebration after the wedding ceremony, normally featuring a large <a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake" title="Wedding cake">wedding cake</a> with white icing. The term now also encapsulates the entire Western wedding routine, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Christian religious tradition</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which generally includes a <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">church service</a> during which the marriage begins, followed by a <a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">reception</a>. </p><p>“Color Wheel Pro” describes<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> white in association with light, goodness, innocence, purity and virginity. White is also often considered to be the color of perfection.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for other significant meanings for white on a wedding day, “colormeaning.com” says, “In color psychology, white is the color of new beginnings — wiping the slate clean. The color white is a blank canvas, just waiting to be written on.”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White is the color in <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> most often associated with beginnings. Religious rites and the clothing associated with them have always been important, and white is often a common color used to express high religious commitment and purity.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_white_dress_and_traditions">History of the white dress and traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of the white dress and traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wed-dress-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Wed-dress-001.jpg/170px-Wed-dress-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Wed-dress-001.jpg/255px-Wed-dress-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Wed-dress-001.jpg/340px-Wed-dress-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1825" data-file-height="2744" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">bride</a> from the late 19th century wearing a black or dark coloured wedding dress</figcaption></figure> <p>Though <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, wore a white wedding gown in 1559 when she married her first husband, <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis Dauphin of France</a>, the tradition of a white wedding dress is commonly credited to <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria's</a> choice to wear a <a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Wedding dress of Queen Victoria">white court dress at her wedding</a> to <a href="/wiki/Albert_of_Saxe_Coburg-Gotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert of Saxe Coburg-Gotha">Prince Albert</a> in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-Otnes_2003_p.31_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otnes_2003_p.31-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vicky_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vicky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Debutantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Debutantes">Debutantes</a> had long been required to wear white <a href="/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom#Women's_court_dress" title="Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom">court dresses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evening_glove" title="Evening glove">long white gloves</a> for their first presentation at court, at a "Drawing Room" where they were introduced to the queen for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-Otnes_2003_p.31_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otnes_2003_p.31-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg/220px-Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg/330px-Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg/440px-Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="3454" /></a><figcaption>Queen Victoria and Prince Albert on their return from the marriage service at St James's Palace, London, 10 February 1840.</figcaption></figure> <p>Royal brides before Victoria did not typically wear white, instead choosing "heavy brocaded gowns embroidered with white and silver thread," with red being a particularly popular colour in Western Europe more generally.<sup id="cite_ref-Otnes_2003_p.31_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otnes_2003_p.31-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, European and American brides wore a plethora of colours, including blue, yellow, and practical colours like black, brown, or gray. As accounts of Victoria's wedding spread across the Atlantic and throughout Europe, fashionable people followed her lead. </p><p>The traditional white wedding was not necessarily defined by the color of the dress only. The wedding of Queen Victoria's daughter <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Princess_Royal" title="Victoria, Princess Royal">Victoria</a> to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Prince Fredrick William of Prussia</a> in 1858 also introduced choral music to the processional when standard practice had been to have music of any kind only during a party after the wedding ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the limitations of laundering techniques before the later part of the 20th century, white dresses provided an opportunity for <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">conspicuous consumption</a>. They were favored primarily as a way to show the world that the bride's family was so wealthy and so firmly part of the leisure class that the bride would choose an elaborate dress that could be ruined by any sort of work or spill.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingrassia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingrassia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">Women were required to wear veils in many Christian churches</a> through the mid-20th century;<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the resurgence of the wedding veil as a symbol of the bride, and its use even when not required by the bride's religion, coincided with societal emphasis on women being <a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">modest</a> and well-behaved.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingrassia_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingrassia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etiquette books then began to turn the practice into a tradition and the white gown soon became a popular symbol of status that also carried "a connotation of innocence and virginal purity."<sup id="cite_ref-Vicky_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vicky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story put out about the wedding veil was that decorous brides were naturally too timid to show their faces in public until they were married. </p><p>By the end of the 19th century the white dress was the garment of choice for elite brides on both sides of the Atlantic. However, middle-class British and American brides did not adopt the trend fully until after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With increased prosperity in the 20th century, the tradition also grew to include the practice of wearing the dress only once. As historian Vicky Howard writes, "[i]f a bride wore white in the nineteenth century, it was acceptable and likely that she wore her gown again".<sup id="cite_ref-Vicky_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vicky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even Queen Victoria had her famous lace wedding dress re-styled for later use.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingrassia_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingrassia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After World War I, as full-scale formal weddings began to be desired by the mothers of brides who did not have a permanent social secretary, the position of the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_planner" title="Wedding planner">wedding planner</a>, who could coordinate the printer, florist, caterer and seamstress, began to assume importance. The first edition of <i>Bride's Magazine</i> was published in 1934 as a newspaper advertising insert called ‘So You're Going to Get Married!’ in a column entitled ‘To the Bride’ and its rival <i><a href="/wiki/Conde_Nast_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Conde Nast Publications">Modern Bride</a></i> began publishing in 1949. </p><p>The portrayal of weddings in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> movies, particularly immediately after World War II, helped crystallize and homogenize the white wedding into a normative form.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional weddings require, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">bride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groom" class="mw-redirect" title="Groom">groom</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Marriage_officiant" title="Marriage officiant">marriage officiant</a>, which is a minister, priest, pastor, vicor, rabbi, imam, or civil officer who is authorized to perform marriages and will read out of a <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Civil_registration" title="Civil registration">Civil document</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White-wedding-dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/White-wedding-dress.jpg/170px-White-wedding-dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/White-wedding-dress.jpg/255px-White-wedding-dress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/White-wedding-dress.jpg/340px-White-wedding-dress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A bride in a contemporary white wedding dress with <a href="/wiki/Train_(clothing)" title="Train (clothing)">train</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">tiara</a> and white <a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">veil</a>, taken in 2003.</figcaption></figure> <p>Typical white weddings also include a wedding party, which consists of some or all of the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groomsmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Groomsmen">Groomsmen</a> or ushers: One or more friends or family members who assist the groom, usually men. The chief groomsman is called the <a href="/wiki/Best_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Best man">best man</a>, and is given a <a href="/wiki/Place_of_honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Place of honor">place of honor</a>. A woman (such as the sister of the groom) is called an <a href="/wiki/Wedding#Wedding_ceremony_participants" title="Wedding">honor attendant</a> (matron of honour in the UK). A boy too young to be marriageable, but too old to be a ring bearer, is called a <i>junior groomsmen</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">Bridesmaids</a>: One or more friends or family members who support the bride, usually women. The chief bridesmaid may be called a <a href="/wiki/Maid_of_honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Maid of honor">maid of honor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Matron_of_honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Matron of honor">matron of honor</a>. A girl too young to be marriageable, but too old to be a flower girl, is called a <i>junior bridesmaid</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_girl" title="Flower girl">Flower girl</a>: A young girl who scatters flowers in front of the bridal party.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_bearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring bearer">Ring bearer</a>: An attendant, often a young boy, who carries the wedding rings.</li></ul> <p>Typically these positions are filled by either close friends or family members (or both) of the bride and groom; being asked to serve in these capacities is seen as an honor and typically entails some expense. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_ceremony">The ceremony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The ceremony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ev_Stadtkirche_Ravensburg_innen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ev_Stadtkirche_Ravensburg_innen.jpg/220px-Ev_Stadtkirche_Ravensburg_innen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ev_Stadtkirche_Ravensburg_innen.jpg/330px-Ev_Stadtkirche_Ravensburg_innen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ev_Stadtkirche_Ravensburg_innen.jpg/440px-Ev_Stadtkirche_Ravensburg_innen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> priest in Germany marries a young couple at the church.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Orleans_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/New_Orleans_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg/220px-New_Orleans_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/New_Orleans_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg/330px-New_Orleans_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/New_Orleans_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg/440px-New_Orleans_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">bride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groom" class="mw-redirect" title="Groom">groom</a> stand before the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> during the wedding ceremony, surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">bridesmaids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groomsmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Groomsmen">groomsmen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>When the guests arrive for a wedding, the ushers, if any, help the guests take their places. In a typical white wedding ceremony, which is derived primarily from the <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> tradition (inclusive of denominations such as Lutheranism and Anglicanism, for example), the bride and groom will stand side by side at the front of the church before the <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a> throughout most or all the ceremony. Consequently, some guests prefer to sit on the side closer to the person they know best. Typically, this means that the bride's family sits on the <a href="/wiki/House_left" class="mw-redirect" title="House left">house left</a> and the groom's family on <a href="/wiki/House_right" class="mw-redirect" title="House right">house right</a>. The front rows are generally reserved for close family members or friends. </p><p>Some couples make a ceremony of having their grandparents, step-parents, and parents escorted to their seats immediately before the wedding procession begins. In other cases, these relatives form part of the wedding procession. </p><p>Depending on the country, her age and situation, and her personal preferences, the bride may walk alone or be escorted by her father, both of her parents, one or more relatives she wishes to honor, or the groom. In Swedish white weddings, the bride and groom usually go down the aisle together.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, some couples choose to have the groom escorted to the altar by his family. </p><p>Whether the bride is the first or the last of the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding party">wedding party</a> to enter the church varies by country. In the US, the bride is typically last, being preceded by the rest of the wedding party. In the UK, she leads the procession, followed by any <a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">bridesmaids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flower_girl" title="Flower girl">flower girls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Page_boy_(wedding_attendant)" title="Page boy (wedding attendant)">page boys</a>. Sometimes the groom is already present in the church; other times, he and any <a href="/wiki/Groomsmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Groomsmen">groomsmen</a> form part of the procession. The music played during this procession is commonly called a <i><a href="/wiki/Wedding_march" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding march">wedding march</a></i>, no matter what songs are played. </p><p>If the wedding is part of a religious service, then technically the service begins after the arrival of the participants, commonly with a prayer, blessing, or ritual greeting. During the ceremony, each partner in the couple makes <a href="/wiki/Marriage_vows" title="Marriage vows">marriage vows</a> to the other in front of the marriage officiant. The ceremony might include the playing of a prelude, the singing of <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lection" title="Lection">Bible readings</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian marriage liturgy</a> of the church at which the wedding is held, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Warrick2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warrick2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the wedding ceremony itself ends, the bride, groom, officiant, and two witnesses generally go off to a side room to sign the wedding register in the United Kingdom or the state-issued marriage license in the United States. Without the signing of the register or the marriage license, a marriage has not legally occurred. </p><p>Afterward, guests may cheer the departure of the couple from the church by throwing flower <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confetti" title="Confetti">confetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birdseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Birdseed">birdseed</a>, or rice over them. Miniature containers of bubbles are often provided to guest to blow at the couple instead of throwing the previously mentioned items. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_reception">The reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">Wedding reception</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding_cake1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wedding_cake1.jpg/220px-Wedding_cake1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Wedding_cake1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>Couple cutting a <a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake" title="Wedding cake">wedding cake</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After this, the celebrations shift to a reception at which the newly married couple, as the guests of honor, and the hosts and perhaps members of the wedding party greet the guests in a <a href="/wiki/Receiving_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Receiving line">receiving line</a>. Although now commonly called a reception no matter the style of party, wedding celebrations range from simple receptions to dinner parties to grand <a href="/wiki/Ball_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball (dance)">wedding balls</a>. </p><p>Food is served, particularly including a <a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake" title="Wedding cake">wedding cake</a>. Wedding cakes are often multi-tiered <a href="/wiki/Layer_cake" title="Layer cake">layer cakes</a> that are elaborately decorated with white icing. Cutting the wedding cake is often turned into a ritual, complete with sharing a symbolic bite of the cake in a rite that harks back to the pagan <a href="/wiki/Confarreatio" title="Confarreatio">confarreatio</a> weddings in ancient Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reception, a number of short speeches or <a href="/wiki/Toast_(honor)" title="Toast (honor)">toasts</a> may be given in honor of the couple. </p><p>If there is dancing, the bride and groom, as the guests of honor, are expected to be the first people to begin dancing. This is usually termed the <i>bridal <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a></i>, even if the couple has arranged for a different style of music. Some families then contrive a series of arranged dances between the newlyweds and their parents, or other members of the wedding party, with guests expected to watch the performances. </p><p>At some point, the married couple may become the object of a <a href="/wiki/Charivari" title="Charivari">charivari</a>, a good-natured hazing of the newly married couple. The nature depends upon the circumstances. The guests might tie tin cans or a sign saying "Just Married" to the bumper of the couple's car, if they depart in their own car rather than a hired one. </p><p>As the guests of honor, the newly married couple is the first to leave the party. From ancient Rome through the Middle Ages in Europe, wheat kernels were thrown at the bride in a wish for affluence; now it is typical to throw rice, as a symbol of fertility, at the couple as they depart.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Photographs from late 19th century, early 20th century, and early 21st century weddings. The first two images show the bride in a black or dark dress. The photographic styles of capturing weddings continues to evolve from posed somber expressions to candid moments showing emotion and joy. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cab-card-wis-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A wedding party from the 1870s or 1880s"><img alt="A wedding party from the 1870s or 1880s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cab-card-wis-front.jpg/120px-Cab-card-wis-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cab-card-wis-front.jpg/180px-Cab-card-wis-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cab-card-wis-front.jpg/240px-Cab-card-wis-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3127" data-file-height="2043" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A wedding party from the 1870s or 1880s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wed-dress-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Late 1800s"><img alt="Late 1800s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wed-dress-002.jpg/88px-Wed-dress-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wed-dress-002.jpg/132px-Wed-dress-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wed-dress-002.jpg/177px-Wed-dress-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1859" data-file-height="2525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Late 1800s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1929wedding.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1929 wedding"><img alt="1929 wedding" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/1929wedding.jpg/100px-1929wedding.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/1929wedding.jpg/150px-1929wedding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/1929wedding.jpg/200px-1929wedding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="774" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1929 wedding</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wed-dress-003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Wed-dress-003.jpg/80px-Wed-dress-003.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Wed-dress-003.jpg/120px-Wed-dress-003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Wed-dress-003.jpg/160px-Wed-dress-003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1692" data-file-height="2528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wed-dress-004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Wed-dress-004.jpg/84px-Wed-dress-004.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Wed-dress-004.jpg/126px-Wed-dress-004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Wed-dress-004.jpg/168px-Wed-dress-004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="2187" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wed-dress-005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Wed-dress-005.jpg/87px-Wed-dress-005.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Wed-dress-005.jpg/130px-Wed-dress-005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Wed-dress-005.jpg/173px-Wed-dress-005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="2962" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wed-dress-006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Wed-dress-006.jpg/89px-Wed-dress-006.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Wed-dress-006.jpg/133px-Wed-dress-006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Wed-dress-006.jpg/177px-Wed-dress-006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1879" data-file-height="2541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding-1942.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1942 wedding"><img alt="1942 wedding" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wedding-1942.png/76px-Wedding-1942.png" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wedding-1942.png/114px-Wedding-1942.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wedding-1942.png/152px-Wedding-1942.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1811" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1942 wedding</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Wedding dress of Queen Victoria">Wedding dress of Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="Wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer">Wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_wedding" title="Black wedding">Black wedding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/why-do-brides-wear-white-144395">"Why do brides wear white?"</a>. <i>theconversation.com</i>. 4 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theconversation.com&rft.atitle=Why+do+brides+wear+white%3F&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhy-do-brides-wear-white-144395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/story/why-do-brides-wear-white">"Why Do Brides Wear White?"</a>. <i>britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britannica.com&rft.atitle=Why+Do+Brides+Wear+White%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fstory%2Fwhy-do-brides-wear-white&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.prestije.de/">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ingrassia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ingrassia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ingrassia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ingrassia_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ingrassia_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngrassia2007" class="citation book cs1">Ingrassia, Catherine (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/altaredbridezill0000unse/page/24">"Diana, Martha and Me"</a>. In Curran, Colleen (ed.). <i>Altared: Bridezillas, Bewilderment, Big Love, Breakups, and What Women Really Think about Contemporary Weddings</i>. New York: Vintage Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/altaredbridezill0000unse/page/24">24–30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-27763-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-27763-3"><bdi>978-0-307-27763-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diana%2C+Martha+and+Me&rft.btitle=Altared%3A+Bridezillas%2C+Bewilderment%2C+Big+Love%2C+Breakups%2C+and+What+Women+Really+Think+about+Contemporary+Weddings&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=24-30&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-307-27763-3&rft.aulast=Ingrassia&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faltaredbridezill0000unse%2Fpage%2F24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/2018/12/2/20794441/5-special-occasions-when-you-should-wear-white">"5 special occasions when you should wear white"</a>. <i>deseret.com</i>. 2 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=deseret.com&rft.atitle=5+special+occasions+when+you+should+wear+white&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F2018%2F12%2F2%2F20794441%2F5-special-occasions-when-you-should-wear-white&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906155502/http://www.color-wheel-pro.com/color-meaning.html">"Color Meaning"</a>. <i>color-wheel-pro.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.color-wheel-pro.com/color-meaning.html">the original</a> on 6 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=color-wheel-pro.com&rft.atitle=Color+Meaning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.color-wheel-pro.com%2Fcolor-meaning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.color-meanings.com/white-color-meaning-the-color-white/">"White Color Meaning: The Color White Symbolizes Purity and Innocence"</a>. <i>color-meanings.com</i>. 10 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=color-meanings.com&rft.atitle=White+Color+Meaning%3A+The+Color+White+Symbolizes+Purity+and+Innocence&rft.date=2013-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.color-meanings.com%2Fwhite-color-meaning-the-color-white%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Otnes_2003_p.31-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Otnes_2003_p.31_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Otnes_2003_p.31_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Otnes_2003_p.31_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtnesPleck2003" class="citation book cs1">Otnes, Cele & Pleck, Elizabeth (2003). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cinderelladreams00otne"><i>Cinderella Dreams: the Allure of the Lavish Wedding</i></a></span>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cinderelladreams00otne/page/n47">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520240087" title="Special:BookSources/9780520240087"><bdi>9780520240087</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinderella+Dreams%3A+the+Allure+of+the+Lavish+Wedding&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780520240087&rft.aulast=Otnes&rft.aufirst=Cele&rft.au=Pleck%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcinderelladreams00otne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vicky-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vicky_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vicky_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vicky_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2006" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Vicky (2006). <i>Brides Inc.: American Weddings and the Business of Tradition</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 157–159.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brides+Inc.%3A+American+Weddings+and+the+Business+of+Tradition&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=157-159&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Vicky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPleck2000" class="citation book cs1">Pleck, Elisabeth (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/celebratingfamil0000plec"><i>Celebrating the Family: Ethnicity, Consumer Culture and Family Rituals</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/celebratingfamil0000plec/page/212">212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+Family%3A+Ethnicity%2C+Consumer+Culture+and+Family+Rituals&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Pleck&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcelebratingfamil0000plec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamshaw2004" class="citation book cs1">Ramshaw, Gail (6 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MjZLAwAAQBAJ"><i>Words around the Font</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592449255" title="Special:BookSources/9781592449255"><bdi>9781592449255</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Words+around+the+Font&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2004-09-06&rft.isbn=9781592449255&rft.aulast=Ramshaw&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMjZLAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://luvbridal.com.au/">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon2015_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2015" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Greg (31 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evangelicalfocus.com/yourblog/929/Are-Head-Coverings-Really-for-Today-">"Are Head Coverings Really for Today?"</a>. Evangelical Focus<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>Hippolytus an early Church Father wrote, "Let all the women have their heads covered." Others who taught this practice in the Church were, John Calvin [father of the Reformed tradition], Martin Luther [father of the Lutheran tradition], Early Church Fathers, John Wesley [father of the Methodist tradition], Matthew Henry [Presbyterian theologian] to name just a few. We must remind ourselves that until the twentieth century, virtually all Christian women wore head coverings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+Head+Coverings+Really+for+Today%3F&rft.pub=Evangelical+Focus&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevangelicalfocus.com%2Fyourblog%2F929%2FAre-Head-Coverings-Really-for-Today-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJellison2008" class="citation book cs1">Jellison, Katherine (2008). <i>It's Our Day: America's Love Affair with the White Wedding, 1945–2005</i>. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. pp. 65–67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+Our+Day%3A+America%27s+Love+Affair+with+the+White+Wedding%2C+1945%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pages=65-67&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Jellison&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martin_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2005" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Judith (2005). <i>Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior</i>. New York: Norton. p. 371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05874-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05874-3"><bdi>0-393-05874-3</bdi></a>. <q>The supposition behind these questions is that a wedding is a set piece, with rigidly prescribed roles....The pattern that so many modern brides apparently have in mind can be traced to Hollywood, California, circa 1948.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miss+Manners%27+Guide+to+Excruciatingly+Correct+Behavior&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-393-05874-3&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100710063729/http://www.brollopstorget.se/Vigseln/vigselakten.php">"Vigselakten"</a> [The Wedding Ceremony]. brollopstorget.se. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brollopstorget.se/Vigseln/vigselakten.php">the original</a> on 10 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2010</span>. <q>Det vanligaste nuförtiden i Sverige är att brud och brudgum går in i kyrkan tillsammans</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vigselakten&rft.pub=brollopstorget.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brollopstorget.se%2FVigseln%2Fvigselakten.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warrick2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warrick2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYrigoyenWarrick2013" class="citation book cs1">Yrigoyen, Charles Jr.; Warrick, Susan E. (7 November 2013). <i>Historical Dictionary of Methodism</i>. Scarecrow Press. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7894-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7894-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-7894-5</bdi></a>. <q>In Methodism, the sacred service celebrates a covenenat grounded in the will of God and sustained by divine grace. ... Methodism encourages the solemnization of marriages within the context of congregational worship and eucharistic celebration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Methodism&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7894-5&rft.aulast=Yrigoyen&rft.aufirst=Charles+Jr.&rft.au=Warrick%2C+Susan+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bride" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bride">Bride</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 528.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bride&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=528&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+wedding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonreview.net/BR23.5/Shister.html">Neil Shister, "Queen for a Day... a skeptical look at the modern wedding ritual"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041025100102/http://bostonreview.net/BR23.5/Shister.html">Archived</a> 25 October 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <i> Boston Review</i>, October/November 1998</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">Engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_planner" title="Wedding planner">Wedding planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridal registry">Bridal registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_shower" title="Bridal shower">Bridal shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement_party" title="Engagement party">Engagement party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_invitation" title="Wedding invitation">Wedding invitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party">Bachelor party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelorette_party" title="Bachelorette party">Bachelorette party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_and_doe" title="Stag and doe">Stag and doe party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_license" title="Marriage license">Marriage license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehearsal_dinner" title="Rehearsal dinner">Rehearsal dinner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_chapel" title="Wedding chapel">Wedding chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretna_Green#Marriage" title="Gretna Green">Gretna Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_weddings" title="Las Vegas weddings">Las Vegas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western_dress_codes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western_wedding_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Western wedding dress">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_crown" title="Bridal crown">Bridal crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Débutante dress">Debutante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera gloves">Opera gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter_(stockings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garter (stockings)">Garters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">Chuppah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_arras" title="Las arras">Las arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebes_Gamikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebes Gamikos">Lebes Gamikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cord" title="Wedding cord">Wedding cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_favors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding favors">Wedding favors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_mandap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding mandap">Wedding mandap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring_cushion" title="Wedding ring cushion">Wedding ring cushion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well_(wedding)" title="Wishing well (wedding)">Wishing well</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wedding_ceremony_participants" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wedding ceremony participants">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">Bride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_brides" title="List of child brides">child bride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridegroom" title="Bridegroom">Bridegroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_bridegrooms" title="List of child bridegrooms">child bridegroom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesmaid" title="Bridesmaid">Bridesmaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridesman" title="Bridesman">Bridesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_girl" title="Flower girl">Flower girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groomsman" title="Groomsman">Groomsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_boy_(wedding_attendant)" title="Page boy (wedding attendant)">Page boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_officiant" title="Marriage officiant">Officiant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahesta_Bero" title="Ahesta Bero">Ahesta Bero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedding_ceremony" title="Bedding ceremony">Bedding ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_Chorus" title="Bridal Chorus">Bridal Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_dance" title="First dance">First dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wedding_Blessing" title="Indian Wedding Blessing">"Indian" Wedding Blessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumping_the_broom" title="Jumping the broom">Jumping the broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lychgate#Use_at_weddings" title="Lychgate">Lychgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_dance" title="Money dance">Money dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_music" title="Wedding music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polterabend" title="Polterabend">Polterabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounded_rice_ritual" title="Pounded rice ritual">Pounded rice ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyebaek" title="Pyebaek">Pyebaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_the_dress" title="Trash the dress">Trash the dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_candle" title="Unity candle">Unity candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walima" title="Walima">Walima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_March_(Mendelssohn)" title="Wedding March (Mendelssohn)">Wedding March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">Wedding reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_videography" title="Wedding videography">Wedding videography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_breakfast" title="Wedding breakfast">Wedding breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake" title="Wedding cake">Wedding cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_cake_topper" title="Wedding cake topper">Wedding cake topper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie_table" title="Cookie table">Cookie table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom%27s_cake" title="Groom's cake">Groom's cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochzeitssuppe" title="Hochzeitssuppe">Hochzeitssuppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(bread)" title="Kolach (bread)">Kolach (bread)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korovai" title="Korovai">Korovai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loving_cup" title="Loving cup">Loving cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_card" title="Place card">Place card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion<br />or culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj (Sikh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_wedding" title="Arab wedding">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayie" title="Ayie">Ayie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_wedding" title="Ayyavazhi wedding">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_wedding" title="Bengali Hindu wedding">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Bengali Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay_wedding" title="Brunei Malay wedding">Brunei Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese marriage">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_pre-wedding_customs" title="Chinese pre-wedding customs">Pre-wedding customs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_marriage" title="Hajong marriage">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_practices" title="Islamic marital practices">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyer_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyer wedding">Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon wedding">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Hindu_wedding" title="Odia Hindu wedding">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian wedding">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Poruwa ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_wedding_traditions" title="Punjabi wedding traditions">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_wedding" title="Quaker wedding">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrani_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasrani wedding">Saint Thomas Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_wedding" title="Shinto wedding">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timorese_wedding_traditions" title="Timorese wedding traditions">Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_by_country" title="Wedding customs by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_customs_in_Ethiopia" title="Wedding customs in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%91f%C3%A9ly" title="Vőfély">Vőfély (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_weddings" title="Icelandic weddings">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_India" title="Weddings in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_Myanmar" title="Weddings in Myanmar">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines" title="Marriage and wedding customs in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poruwa_ceremony" title="Poruwa ceremony">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wedding_traditions" title="Ukrainian wedding traditions">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddings_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Weddings in the United States and Canada">United States and Canada</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_England_and_Wales" title="Marriage in England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Scotland" title="Marriage in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_marriage_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of marriage in Great Britain and Ireland">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_wedding" title="Traditional Vietnamese wedding">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">Honeymoon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_registry" title="Honeymoon registry">Honeymoon registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consummation" title="Consummation">Consummation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_wedding" title="Black wedding">Black wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elopement" title="Elopement">Elopement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_vows" title="Marriage vows">Marriage vows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlywed" title="Newlywed">Newlywed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings" title="List of royal weddings">Royal weddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-uniting_marriage" title="Self-uniting marriage">Self-uniting marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_wedding" title="Shotgun wedding">Shotgun wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knobstick_wedding" title="Knobstick wedding">Knobstick wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_anniversary" title="Wedding anniversary">Wedding anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_crashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding crashing">Wedding crashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_vow_renewal_ceremony" title="Wedding vow renewal ceremony">Wedding vow renewal ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanless_wedding" title="Womanless wedding">Womanless wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&oldid=1259751467">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_wedding&oldid=1259751467</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wedding" title="Category:Wedding">Wedding</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wedding_dresses" 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