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<a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-150" >Equine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Equine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-150"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/pasture-and-environment-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-153" >Pasture and Environment Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-156" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-159" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-162" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-165" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-168" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-171" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-174" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-195" >Swine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Swine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-195"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/good-manufacturing-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1224" >Good Manufacturing Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1227" >Regulations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1230" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1311" >Food Service and Retail</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Food Service and Retail</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1311"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail/food-service-safety" 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1344" >Home Food Preservation and Safety</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Home Food Preservation and Safety</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1344"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a 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class="back"><span>Grape and Wine Production</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1374"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/grape-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1377" >Grape Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1380" >Wine Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/business-management-and-marketing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1383" >Business Management and Marketing</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1404" >Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1404"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits/production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1407" >Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1437" >Drinking and Residential Water</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Drinking and Residential Water</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1437"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water" class="main-menu__inner-link 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cool-season forage production, but what is the right rate and source? A small trial is looking at just this question.</div></div><div class="product-info-actions__wrapper"><div class="product-info-actions"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="product-info-action wishlist" data-post='{"action":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/wishlist\/index\/add\/","data":{"product":60670,"uenc":"aHR0cHM6Ly9leHRlbnNpb24ucHN1LmVkdS93ZXN0ZXJuLXBlbm5zeWx2YW5pYS1uaXRyb2dlbi10cmlhbC1vbi1ncmFzcy1oYXk~"}}' data-action="add-to-wishlist"><span>Save for later</span></a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="print-action product-info-action print" data-mage-init='{"Magento_Theme/js/print-action":{}}'><span> Print </span></a> <ul class="product-share-icons"> <li class="text">Share</li> <li> <a class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?s=100&p[url]=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.psu.edu%2Fwestern-pennsylvania-nitrogen-trial-on-grass-hay&p[images][0]=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.psu.edu%2Fmedia%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Ff%2F2%2Ff272e2bc301bc4c092bf128b00936dcf.jpeg%3Fwidth%3D700%26height%3D560%26canvas%3D700%2C560%26quality%3D80%26bg-color%3D255%2C255%2C255%26fit%3Dbounds&p[title]=Western+Pennsylvania+Nitrogen+Trial+on+Grass+Hay&p[summary]=Nitrogen+is+essential+to+cool-season+forage+production%2C+but+what+is+the+right+rate+and+source%3F+A+small+trial+is+looking+at+just+this+question." target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook"></a></li> <li> <a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Western+Pennsylvania+Nitrogen+Trial+on+Grass+Hay&url=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.psu.edu%2Fwestern-pennsylvania-nitrogen-trial-on-grass-hay" target="_blank" title="Share on X" ></a></li> <li> <a class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://extension.psu.edu/western-pennsylvania-nitrogen-trial-on-grass-hay" target="_blank" title="Share on LinkedIn"></a></li> </ul></div> <div class="product attribute updated-at"> <strong class="type">Updated:</strong> <div class="value" >May 7, 2024</div></div></div></div><div class="product-content__wrapper"><div class="product-description__wrapper"> <div class="product media"> <a id="gallery-prev-area" tabindex="-1"></a><div class="action-skip-wrapper"> <a class="action skip gallery-next-area" href="#gallery-next-area"><span> Skip to the end of the images gallery</span></a></div> <div class="gallery-placeholder _block-content-loading fotorama-disabled" data-gallery-role="gallery-placeholder"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-60670-6748d20f4334e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/2/f272e2bc301bc4c092bf128b00936dcf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/2/f272e2bc301bc4c092bf128b00936dcf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/2/f272e2bc301bc4c092bf128b00936dcf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427" loading="lazy" width="640" height="427" alt="Plot treated with the different nitrogen sources and rates. Image Credit: J. Brackenrich, Penn State Extension."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-606706748d20f4334e { width: 640px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 640 / 427; } .product-image-container-606706748d20f4334e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-606706748d20f4334e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.71875%; } }</style> <div class="image-alt-label"><p>Plot treated with the different nitrogen sources and rates. Image Credit: J. Brackenrich, Penn State Extension.</p></div> </div> <div class="action-skip-wrapper"> <a class="action skip gallery-prev-area" href="#gallery-prev-area"><span> Skip to the beginning of the images gallery</span></a></div> <a id="gallery-next-area" tabindex="-1"></a></div> <div class="product attribute description "> <div class="value" ><div id="when"><div class="event-details"><div class="left no-padding"> </div></div></div><p>Whether it is hay or pasture, nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrients to perennial grass systems and will almost always result in increased growth and production. However, as stated in the 4Rs of nutrient management, the questions are: What is the right source, the聽right聽rate, the聽right place, and the right time? A small plot study in Washington County examines these questions and their practical implications for producers.聽</p> <figure> <a class="light-box " href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/3c06d71a463449b4bb4729236e388141/h/a/hayfield-before-green-up-march.jpg" data-lightbox="show" title=""><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/3c06d71a463449b4bb4729236e388141/h/a/hayfield-before-green-up-march.jpg" alt="" /></a><figcaption> <strong>Image Caption:</strong> Photo of plots being measured on March 25, 2024. This was timed with spring green-up and an oncoming rain.聽<strong>Image Credit:</strong> J. Brackenrich, Penn State Extension.</figcaption></figure> <p>The practical question聽being investigated聽with this trial is whether producers can use different nitrogen sources and rates to increase forage tonnage. Literature, research, and years of observation tell us this answer is yes.聽With improved nitrogen management, farmers could have more forages for winter feeding or sales, reduced wear and tear on equipment,聽and/or聽reduced聽land rent expenses. With the rising cost of operating and inputs, what is聽important聽is whether it pays to prove your nitrogen management.</p> <p>We are looking at whether this "pays" from a couple of different angles:聽</p> <ul> <li>If hay is valued at $X a ton and costs $Y to purchase and apply additional nitrogen, operations need at least $Z to make this practice pencil out.聽</li> <li>It will likely improve forage quality to purchase and apply $Y additional nitrogen. Improved forage quality can increase animal performance and reduce the need for supplemental feeds. Additional nitrogen application must reduce implementation by $X or increase animal performance by $Z to make this practice pencil out.</li> </ul> <h2>What is being tested and how?</h2> <p>Twelve 22 x 75-foot plots assess the effect of different nitrogen fertilizers applied at different rates. Applied sources include urea and polymer-coated nitrogen. In most agriculture settings, urea is the standard nitrogen source with an analysis of 46-0-0. One drawback to this product is that urea nitrogen can be lost to volatilization if not applied before rain or as a stabilized product. Polymer-coated nitrogen聽is designed聽to be a slow-release product聽with聽resistance to volatilization and provides nitrogen throughout the season as the polymer coating slowly breaks down. The product used in this trial has an analysis of 44-0-0. When using a polymer-coated nitrogen product, the manufacturer recommends applying 20 to 30% of the recommended nitrogen as a faster-releasing, more available product like urea or ammonium sulfate. For example, if you would like to apply 100 nitrogen units, 70 units should come from polymer coated, while 30 should come from urea or聽ammonium sulfate.</p> <p>The timing comparison will include different rates for green-up and split applications after cutting. One treatment is 50 nitrogen units, as urea, applied at green-up. Another is 50 nitrogen units as urea at green-up, followed by 25 units after each cutting. This comparison will provide information on increased dry matter and production in a more intensive nitrogen management system. The third treatment is 100 units of N as a slow-release polymer (75 units) and urea (25 units).聽This聽will allow for comparison between 100 units applied as multiple applications and the single application as slow release. There are three replicates of the following four treatments.聽</p> <ol> <li>Control: No nitrogen added.</li> <li>50 units of urea N at green-up (109 lbs urea/ac).聽</li> <li>50 units of urea N at green-up (109 lbs urea/ac), followed by 25 units of urea N after each cutting (54 lbs urea/ac).</li> <li>100 units of N at green-up as 75 units of polymer-coated nitrogen and 25 units of urea N (170 lbs of polymer-coated and 54 lbs urea / ac)</li> </ol> <figure> <a class="light-box " href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/343d48a9e7e440a5a85b24730c65131e/h/a/hayfield-after-green-up-and-nitrogen-application.jpg" data-lightbox="show" title=""><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/343d48a9e7e440a5a85b24730c65131e/h/a/hayfield-after-green-up-and-nitrogen-application.jpg" alt="" /></a><figcaption> <strong>Image Caption</strong>: This image was taken April 23, 2024- 30 days after fertilizer application. Notice the visual difference in color and thickness. <strong>Image Credit:</strong> J. Brackenrich, Penn State Extension.</figcaption></figure> <p>A soil test was taken聽from the trial area to ensure that all treatments would perform at or near optimum.聽This report was then used聽to treat the area for phosphorus and potassium deficiencies.</p> <ul> <li>Soil pH - 6.3</li> <li>Magnesium - 133 ppm</li> <li>Phosphorus - 40 ppm</li> <li>Potassium - 67 ppm</li> </ul> <p>Penn State Ag Analytical Services lab soil pH reports for southwest PA showed that in 2022-2023, of 488 soil tests, 31% were between 6.1 and 6.5 pH. For this reason and to make the trial more applicable to area producers, pH was not modified, even though it called for 2,000 lbs of CaCO<sub>3</sub>/acre.聽Phosphorus fertilizer was applied聽at an equivalent rate of 50 lbs/acre. The potassium needed was 220 lbs/acre.聽To avoid luxury consumption and over-application, 60% of the potassium fertilizer聽was applied聽at green-up, and the remaining 40% will聽be applied聽after the first harvest.</p> <figure> <a class="light-box " href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/6d1393d76b254e4cb79d11847b216886/h/a/hayfield-with-nitrogen-burn-damage.jpg" data-lightbox="show" title=""><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg//extensions/catalog_product/6d1393d76b254e4cb79d11847b216886/h/a/hayfield-with-nitrogen-burn-damage.jpg" alt="Urea (nitrogen) burn on the tips of grass in a hay field" /></a><figcaption> <strong>Image Caption</strong>: Forage was damaged by frost, which is not uncommon in this area.聽<strong>Image Credit:</strong> J. Brackenrich, Penn State Extension.</figcaption></figure> <h2>Notes and Observations:</h2> <p>Two things to consider now and eventually when we report economics will be soil fertility and harvest management. Let鈥檚 start with fertility. Plants will only grow to the extent of the most limiting nutrient. In our situation, that would have been potassium. Before considering a more management-intensive nitrogen system, ensure plant growth will not聽be limited聽by other nutrients or soil pH. Next is harvest management. Harvest management is the number one factor controlling forage quality. If we harvest this hay too late, when it is rank and heady, it may have more protein because of additional nitrogen in the soil, but the quality and digestibility will still be low. Somewhere between boot and early heading will provide the best forage quality and quantity ratio. Since this forage will be for beef cattle, we are targeting early heading for harvest.聽</p> <p>Since January 1, this field has received 18.30" of rain and has had 478 GGDs. That makes it 29% wetter and 95% warmer than the 10-year average.聽</p> <p>Fertilizers were applied聽on March 25. Within 12 hours, this field received approximately 0.6" of rain. We intentionally applied at this time to reduce volatilization and increase fertilizer capture.聽</p> <h2>What's next?</h2> <p>Articles will be written over the next聽few聽months, providing updates on harvest, fertilizer applications, forage analysis, and concluding with our economic analysis. A field day is also聽being planned聽at the farm in Washington County. We will look at these plots in more detail and explore the management and harvest of warm-season annuals grown on the operation.聽More information for the field day will be provided聽in the聽next聽article.聽You can also check our <a href="https://www.facebook.com/PSUFFCTeam">Field and Forage Crop Facebook</a> page for video updates.</p></div></div> <div class="product info detailed"><div class="product data items" data-mage-init=' { "accordion": { "openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": "0", "animate": 50, "multipleCollapsible": false } }'> <div class="data item title" data-role="collapsible" id="tab-label-product.info.agenda"><a class="data switch" tabindex="-1" data-toggle="trigger" href="#product.info.agenda" id="tab-label-product.info.agenda-title">Agenda</a></div><div class="data item content" aria-labelledby="tab-label-product.info.agenda-title" id="product.info.agenda" data-role="content"> <div class="product attribute event-agenda"></div></div> <div class="data item title" data-role="collapsible" id="tab-label-product.info.author"><a class="data switch" tabindex="-1" data-toggle="trigger" href="#product.info.author" id="tab-label-product.info.author-title">Authors</a></div><div class="data item content" aria-labelledby="tab-label-product.info.author-title" id="product.info.author" data-role="content"> <div class="authors-wrapper" id="authors"> <div itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="performer" class="author-item"> <div class="photo"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/justin-brackenrich" class="authors-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-17876-6748d20f4b6df"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/7/677b91f1be0d20c74ad2daf5414507be.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=390&width=255&canvas=255:390&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/7/677b91f1be0d20c74ad2daf5414507be.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=390&width=255&canvas=255:390&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/7/677b91f1be0d20c74ad2daf5414507be.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=390&width=255&canvas=255:390" loading="lazy" width="255" height="390" alt="Justin Brackenrich"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-178766748d20f4b6df { width: 255px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 255 / 390; } .product-image-container-178766748d20f4b6df span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-178766748d20f4b6df span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 152.94117647059%; } }</style> </a></div> <div class="info "><div class="name"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/justin-brackenrich" class="author-name"><span itemprop="name">Justin Brackenrich</span></a></div><div class="author-info">Extension Educator, Field and Forage Crops</div> <div class="author-expertise"><span class="author-expertise__title">Expertise</span> <ul> <li>Nutrient Management</li> <li>Hay/ Pasture Management</li> <li>Summer Annual Forages </li> <li>Pesticide Education</li> </ul></div> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format?authors=Justin Brackenrich" class="author-more__link">More By Justin Brackenrich</a></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div> <div class="block related" data-mage-init='{"relatedProducts":{"relatedCheckbox":".related.checkbox"}}' data-limit="10" data-shuffle="0 ?>" data-shuffle-weighted="0 ?>"><div class="featured-content article" data-content-type="products" data-element="main"><div class="block-top-wrapper"></div><div class="block-title title"><h2 id="block-related-heading" role="heading" aria-level="2">You may also be interested in ...</h2></div><div class="widget-navigation"></div><div class="block-content content" aria-labelledby="block-related-heading"> <div class="products wrapper grid products-grid products-related"><ol class="products list items product-items" data-mage-init='{"slick": { "autoplay": false, "infinite": false, "arrows": false, "dots": false, "slidesToShow": 9999, "slidesToScroll": 1, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>", "responsive": [ { "breakpoint": 1280, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 4, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } }, { "breakpoint": 1024, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 3, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } }, { "breakpoint": 768, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 1, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } } ] }}'> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_5858" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-penn-state-agronomy-guide" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5858-6748d20f4dd49"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/f/dfc5e0d53119d1c94f661e77c755ac25.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/f/dfc5e0d53119d1c94f661e77c755ac25.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/f/dfc5e0d53119d1c94f661e77c755ac25.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="The Penn State Agronomy Guide"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-58586748d20f4dd49 { width: 504px; 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height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-371566748d20f4ed2e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-371566748d20f4ed2e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Soil Crusting" href="https://extension.psu.edu/soil-crusting">Soil Crusting</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_4806" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/compost-how-to-make-it-and-how-much-to-use" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4806-6748d20f4f36e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2986.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2986.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2986.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Windrow composting - the most commonly-used and labor-intenstive composting method"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-48066748d20f4f36e { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-48066748d20f4f36e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-48066748d20f4f36e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Compost: How to Make It and How Much to Use" href="https://extension.psu.edu/compost-how-to-make-it-and-how-much-to-use">Compost: How to Make It and How Much to Use</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_4568" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/diagnosing-soil-compaction-using-a-penetrometer-soil-compaction-tester" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4568-6748d20f4f9c6"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_193.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_193.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_193.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Diagnosing Soil Compaction Using a Penetrometer (Soil Compaction Tester)"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-45686748d20f4f9c6 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-45686748d20f4f9c6 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-45686748d20f4f9c6 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Diagnosing Soil Compaction Using a Penetrometer (Soil Compaction Tester)" href="https://extension.psu.edu/diagnosing-soil-compaction-using-a-penetrometer-soil-compaction-tester">Diagnosing Soil Compaction Using a Penetrometer (Soil Compaction Tester)</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="4568" data-price-box="product-id-4568"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-4568" data-price-amount="0.45" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$0.45</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_9635" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-sampling-for-nutrient-management-planning" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-9635-6748d20f502d5"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f30e84e6e505f4f21811bcea0e4c1cbf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f30e84e6e505f4f21811bcea0e4c1cbf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f30e84e6e505f4f21811bcea0e4c1cbf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Manure Sampling for Nutrient Management Planning"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-96356748d20f502d5 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-96356748d20f502d5 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-96356748d20f502d5 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Manure Sampling for Nutrient Management Planning" href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-sampling-for-nutrient-management-planning">Manure Sampling for Nutrient Management Planning</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="9635" data-price-box="product-id-9635"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-9635" data-price-amount="0.75" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$0.75</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_37756" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/agricultural-erosion-and-sediment-control-planning-resources" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-37756-6748d20f50c05"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/6/362f6effceed76004f5f98527f0e87ca.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/6/362f6effceed76004f5f98527f0e87ca.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/6/362f6effceed76004f5f98527f0e87ca.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Best management practices that reduce soil erosion, like cover crops, are an important part of Ag E&S Planning. Photo by Nicole Santangelo, Penn State"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-377566748d20f50c05 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-377566748d20f50c05 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-377566748d20f50c05 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Agricultural Erosion and Sediment Control Planning Resources" href="https://extension.psu.edu/agricultural-erosion-and-sediment-control-planning-resources">Agricultural Erosion and Sediment Control Planning Resources</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_29689" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/late-summer-hay-and-pasture-management-considerations" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-29689-6748d20f51246"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/d/8db51e389f9844b1072f7538a74ba5a4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/d/8db51e389f9844b1072f7538a74ba5a4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/d/8db51e389f9844b1072f7538a74ba5a4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Late summer mowed pasture, ready for fall fertilizer applications and overseeding to fill in thin areas.  Photo: L. Duppstadt, Penn State Extension"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-296896748d20f51246 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-296896748d20f51246 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-296896748d20f51246 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Late Summer Hay and Pasture Management Considerations" href="https://extension.psu.edu/late-summer-hay-and-pasture-management-considerations">Late Summer Hay and Pasture Management Considerations</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_9612" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/nutrient-management-planning-an-overview" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-9612-6748d20f5189f"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/0/7071843ab306696b8a806bd5499545ec.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/0/7071843ab306696b8a806bd5499545ec.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/0/7071843ab306696b8a806bd5499545ec.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Nutrient Management Planning: An Overview"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-96126748d20f5189f { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-96126748d20f5189f span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-96126748d20f5189f span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Nutrient Management Planning: An Overview" href="https://extension.psu.edu/nutrient-management-planning-an-overview">Nutrient Management Planning: An Overview</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="9612" data-price-box="product-id-9612"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-9612" data-price-amount="0.75" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$0.75</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_2899" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/starter-fertilizer" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2899-6748d20f5219c"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/9/19c3165a070fa8c1aa7f6f5c482d9890_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/9/19c3165a070fa8c1aa7f6f5c482d9890_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/9/19c3165a070fa8c1aa7f6f5c482d9890_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Starter Fertilizer"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-28996748d20f5219c { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-28996748d20f5219c span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-28996748d20f5219c span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Starter Fertilizer" href="https://extension.psu.edu/starter-fertilizer">Starter Fertilizer</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="2899" data-price-box="product-id-2899"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-2899" data-price-amount="0.75" 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