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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence_of_Watts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_of_Watts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Influence of Watts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_of_Watts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>College</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UCLA_Film_School_and_the_Black_Independent_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UCLA_Film_School_and_the_Black_Independent_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>UCLA Film School and the Black Independent Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Killer_of_Sheep_(1978)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killer_of_Sheep_(1978)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><i>Killer of Sheep</i> (1978)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Killer_of_Sheep_(1978)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-My_Brother's_Wedding_(1983)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#My_Brother's_Wedding_(1983)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>My Brother's Wedding</i> (1983)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-My_Brother's_Wedding_(1983)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-To_Sleep_with_Anger_(1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#To_Sleep_with_Anger_(1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><i>To Sleep with Anger</i> (1990)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-To_Sleep_with_Anger_(1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Glass_Shield_(1994)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Glass_Shield_(1994)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span><i>The Glass Shield</i> (1994)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Glass_Shield_(1994)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation_(2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation_(2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span><i>Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation</i> (2007)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation_(2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Shorts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Television films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recurring_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recurring_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Recurring themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recurring_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Burnett (director)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(Regisseur)" title="Charles Burnett (Regisseur) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Burnett (Regisseur)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="چارلز برنت (کارگردان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چارلز برنت (کارگردان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Burnett" title="Charles Burnett – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Burnett" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Burnett" title="Charles Burnett – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Charles Burnett" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Burnett" title="Charles Burnett – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charles Burnett" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="تشارلز بورنيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز بورنيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Burnett" title="Charles Burnett – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Charles Burnett" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5%D8%B2_%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%AA" title="چارڵز بێرنێت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چارڵز بێرنێت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Чарлс Барнет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чарлс Барнет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Burnett" title="Charles Burnett – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Charles Burnett" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Charles Burnett</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BURNETT_Charles-24x30-2008b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Charles Burnett in 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BURNETT_Charles-24x30-2008b.jpg/220px-BURNETT_Charles-24x30-2008b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BURNETT_Charles-24x30-2008b.jpg/330px-BURNETT_Charles-24x30-2008b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BURNETT_Charles-24x30-2008b.jpg/440px-BURNETT_Charles-24x30-2008b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="735" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Burnett pictured in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1944-04-13</span>) </span>April 13, 1944<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 80)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Film director, film producer, writer, editor, actor, photographer, cinematographer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1977-present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/To_Sleep_with_Anger" title="To Sleep with Anger">To Sleep with Anger</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Gaye Shannon-Burnett</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Burnett</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born April 13, 1944) is an American film director, film producer, writer, editor, actor, photographer, and cinematographer. His most popular films include <i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i> (1978), <i><a href="/wiki/My_Brother%27s_Wedding" title="My Brother's Wedding">My Brother's Wedding</a></i> (1983), <i><a href="/wiki/To_Sleep_with_Anger" title="To Sleep with Anger">To Sleep with Anger</a></i> (1990), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Shield" title="The Glass Shield">The Glass Shield</a></i> (1994), and <i><a href="/wiki/Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation" title="Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation">Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation</a></i> (2007). He has been involved in other types of motion pictures including shorts, documentaries, and a TV series. </p><p>Called "one of America's very best filmmakers" by the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> and "the nation's least-known great filmmaker and most gifted black director" by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, Burnett has had a long, diverse career.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett was born on April 13, 1944, in <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg, Mississippi</a>, to a nurse's aide and a military father.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a DNA analysis, he is mainly descended from people from <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, Charles's family moved to <a href="/wiki/Watts,_Los_Angeles" title="Watts, Los Angeles">Watts</a>, a largely black neighborhood in South Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burnett was interested in expressing himself through art from a young age, but the economic pressure to maintain a stable job kept him from pursuing film or art in college.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_of_Watts">Influence of Watts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influence of Watts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Watts had a significant effect on Burnett's life and work. The community, which gained notoriety in 1965 when violent riots in the area caused the deaths of 34 people and injured more than 1,000, again made the news in 1992 when protestors turned to looting and arson following the acquittal of police officers tried for the beating of <a href="/wiki/Rodney_King" title="Rodney King">Rodney King</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burnett has said that the neighborhood had a strong Southern influence due to the large number of Southerners living in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Watts strongly influences his movies' subject matter, which often revolves around southern folklore mixed with modern themes.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His film <i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i> was set in Watts.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="College">College</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett first enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_College" title="Los Angeles City College">Los Angeles City College</a><sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Washington-Post_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington-Post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to study electronics in preparation for a career as an electrician.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dissatisfied, he took a writing class and decided that his earlier artistic ambitions needed to be explored and tested. He went on to earn a BA in writing and languages at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nybio_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nybio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In an interview for <i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_Cin%C3%A9ma" title="Cahiers du Cinéma">Cahiers du Cinéma</a>,</i> Burnett speculated that "a serious speech impediment" may have led him to become a filmmaker: </p><blockquote><p>I always felt like an outside--an observer--who wasn't able to participate because I couldn't speak very well. So this inability to communicate must have led me...to find some other means to express myself...I really liked a lot of the kids I grew up with. I felt an obligation to write something about them, to explain what went wrong with them. I think that's the reason I started to make these movies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UCLA_Film_School_and_the_Black_Independent_Movement">UCLA Film School and the Black Independent Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: UCLA Film School and the Black Independent Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett continued his education at the UCLA film school, earning a Master of Fine Arts degree in theater arts and film.<sup id="cite_ref-nybio_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nybio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His experiences at UCLA had a profound influence on his work, and the students and faculty he worked with became his mentors and friends. Some fellow students include filmmaking greats like <a href="/wiki/Larry_Clark_(filmmaker)" title="Larry Clark (filmmaker)">Larry Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Dash" title="Julie Dash">Julie Dash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haile_Gerima" title="Haile Gerima">Haile Gerima</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Woodberry" title="Billy Woodberry">Billy Woodberry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nybio_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nybio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The students' involvement in each other's films is highlighted by Burnett's work as a cinematographer for <a href="/wiki/Haile_Gerima" title="Haile Gerima">Haile Gerima</a>'s 1979 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Bush_Mama" title="Bush Mama">Bush Mama</a></i>, as a crew member for <a href="/wiki/Julie_Dash" title="Julie Dash">Julie Dash</a>'s 1982 <i><a href="/wiki/Illusions_(1982_film)" title="Illusions (1982 film)">Illusions</a></i>, and as a writer and cameraman for Billy Woodberry's <i><a href="/wiki/Bless_Their_Little_Hearts" title="Bless Their Little Hearts">Bless Their Little Hearts</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His professors Elyseo Taylor, who created the department of Ethno-Communications, and <a href="/wiki/Basil_Wright" title="Basil Wright">Basil Wright</a>, a British documentarian, also had a significant influence on his work.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The turbulent social events of 1967 and 1968 were vital in establishing the UCLA filmmaking movement known as the "Black Independent Movement”, in which Burnett was highly involved.<sup id="cite_ref-Washington-Post_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington-Post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p107_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p107-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The films of this group of African and African American filmmakers had strong relevance to the politics and culture of the 1960s, yet stayed true to the history of their people.<sup id="cite_ref-p107_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p107-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their characters shifted from the middle class to the working class to highlight the tension caused by class conflict within African American families.<sup id="cite_ref-p107_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p107-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independent writers and directors strayed away from the mainstream and won critical approval for remaining faithful to African American history.<sup id="cite_ref-p61_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p61-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another accomplishment of the Black Independent Movement and Burnett was the creation of the Third World Film Club. The club joined with other organizations in a successful campaign to break the American boycott banning all forms of cultural exchange with <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p110_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p110-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many critics have compared the films of the Black Independent Movement to Italian neorealist films of the 1940s, Third World Cinema films of the late 1960s and 1970s, and the 1990s Iranian New Wave.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time the movement flourished, many countries in the Third World were involved in a struggle for revolution, inspiring them to create films expressing their own indigenous views of their history and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-p107_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p107-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to staying true to history, many Black Independent Movement films have been considered a response to Hollywood and <a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a> films that were popular at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett's earliest works include his UCLA student films made with friends, <i>Several Friends</i> (1969) and <i>The Horse</i> (1973), in which he was the director, producer, and editor.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_films">Major films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Major films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Killer_of_Sheep_(1978)"><span id="Killer_of_Sheep_.281978.29"></span><i>Killer of Sheep</i> (1978)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Killer of Sheep (1978)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett's first full-length feature film, <i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i>, was his UCLA master's thesis.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took Burnett five years to finish, apparently due to the imprisonment of one of the film's actors,<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was released to the public in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cast consisted mainly of his friends and film colleagues and it was filmed primarily with a handheld camera, seemingly in documentary style.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main character was played by Henry G. Sanders, a Vietnam veteran who had studied cinema at Los Angeles City College and was enrolled in several classes at UCLA.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanders went on to a career in films and TV, including roles in <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Balboa_(film)" title="Rocky Balboa (film)">Rocky Balboa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/ER_(TV_series)" title="ER (TV series)">ER</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Vice" title="Miami Vice">Miami Vice</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing" title="The West Wing">The West Wing</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lead female character in <i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i> was played by <a href="/wiki/Kaycee_Moore" title="Kaycee Moore">Kaycee Moore</a>, who went on to act in former UCLA classmate Julie Dash's film <i><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Dust" title="Daughters of the Dust">Daughters of the Dust</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story follows the protagonist Stan, a slaughterhouse worker, who struggles to make enough money to support his family.<sup id="cite_ref-KOSI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOSI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the film's website, the movie “offers no solutions; it merely presents life”.<sup id="cite_ref-KOSI_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOSI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Killer of Sheep</i> revolves around rituals, in the family, childhood, oppression, and resistance to oppression.<sup id="cite_ref-p112_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p112-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soundtrack of ballads, jazz, and blues includes artists <a href="/wiki/Faye_Adams" title="Faye Adams">Faye Adams</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dinah_Washington" title="Dinah Washington">Dinah Washington</a>, Gershwin, Rachmaninov, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Earth_Wind_%26_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth Wind & Fire">Earth Wind & Fire</a>. The film was only screened occasionally because of its poor 16mm print quality<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and failed to find widespread distribution due to the cost and complexity of securing music rights.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was restored by the UCLA Film & Television archive in a new 35mm print of much higher quality.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The re-released film won an array of awards including the critics' award at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin International Film Festival</a>, first place at the <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance Film Festival</a> in the 1980s, then called the USA Film Festival,<sup id="cite_ref-UA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a Special Critics' Award from the 2007 New York Film Critics Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-NYA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was an inductee of the 1990 <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-film_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, it was chosen as one of the 100 Essential Films of All Time by the National Society of Film Critics in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-film_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-film-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burnett was awarded a <a href="/wiki/John_Simon_Guggenheim_Memorial_Foundation" title="John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation">Guggenheim Foundation</a> Fellowship in 1981, following the film's completion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="My_Brother's_Wedding_(1983)"><span id="My_Brother.27s_Wedding_.281983.29"></span><i>My Brother's Wedding</i> (1983)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: My Brother's Wedding (1983)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett served as the director, producer, director of photography, and screenwriter for <i><a href="/wiki/My_Brother%27s_Wedding" title="My Brother's Wedding">My Brother's Wedding</a></i>. <i>My Brother's Wedding</i> was his second full-length film, but was not released because of a mixed review in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> after playing at the <a href="/wiki/New_Directors/New_Films_Festival" title="New Directors/New Films Festival">New Directors/New Films Festival</a> in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-mile_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mile-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in <i>Killer of Sheep</i>, many of the film's actors were amateurs, including the costume designer's wife.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The role of Pierce Mundy, the protagonist, was played by Everett Silas. Mundy struggles to choose between his brother's middle-class existence and his best friend's working-class world.<sup id="cite_ref-p112_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p112-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movie was the first feature Burnett shot on 35mm color film.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its cost was estimated at $80,000.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movie was acquired by Milestone Films, restored by the Pacific Film Archive at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, and digitally reedited by Burnett.<sup id="cite_ref-mile_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mile-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="To_Sleep_with_Anger_(1990)"><span id="To_Sleep_with_Anger_.281990.29"></span><i>To Sleep with Anger</i> (1990)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: To Sleep with Anger (1990)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/To_Sleep_with_Anger" title="To Sleep with Anger">To Sleep with Anger</a></i> was Burnett's first higher-budget film, with an estimated cost of $1.4 million.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grant he received from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation helped Burnett support his family while working on the film.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The $250,000 grant spread over the course of five years is awarded to gifted individuals to pursue personal projects.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movie was set in South Central LA and followed the same themes of family and southern folklore as most of his films.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story concerns a lower middle class Los Angeles family that welcomes a guest from the South who overstays his welcome and causes a major disturbance in the family.<sup id="cite_ref-p62_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p62-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family's instability seems to reflect the larger community's volatility.<sup id="cite_ref-p62_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p62-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>To Sleep with Anger</i> was Burnett's first film to feature professional actors.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lead actors include <a href="/wiki/Danny_Glover" title="Danny Glover">Danny Glover</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Butler_(actor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Butler (actor) (page does not exist)">Paul Butler</a>, Mary Alice, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Lumbly" title="Carl Lumbly">Carl Lumbly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vonetta_McGee" title="Vonetta McGee">Vonetta McGee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glover, who plays Harry Mention, agreed to a reduced fee and went on to invest in the production.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A box-office favorite known for his role in the <a href="/wiki/Lethal_Weapon" title="Lethal Weapon">Lethal Weapon</a> films, Glover continued to star in many successful productions including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Tenenbaums" title="The Royal Tenenbaums">The Royal Tenenbaums</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dreamgirls" title="Dreamgirls">Dreamgirls</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/2012_(film)" title="2012 (film)">2012</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Death_at_a_Funeral_(2010_film)" title="Death at a Funeral (2010 film)">Death at a Funeral</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although highly acclaimed by critics, <i>To Sleep with Anger</i> did poorly at the box office.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burnett attributes this to poor distribution and lack of good taste.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film won many awards, including best screenplay from the National Society of Film Critics (the first award of its kind given to an African American writer).<sup id="cite_ref-UA_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other awards include two Independent Spirit Awards for Best Director and Best Screenplay, the American Film Institute's Maya Deren Award,<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Special Jury Recognition Award at the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance Film Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Special Award from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, and nominations for Burnett and Glover by the New York Film Critics Association.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Glass_Shield_(1994)"><span id="The_Glass_Shield_.281994.29"></span><i>The Glass Shield</i> (1994)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Glass Shield (1994)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Shield" title="The Glass Shield">The Glass Shield</a></i> follows a story of corruption and racism in the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Sheriff%27s_Department" title="Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department">Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was Burnett's first film catering to a wider audience, featuring <a href="/wiki/Ice_Cube" title="Ice Cube">Ice Cube</a>, the rap artist, as a man wrongfully convicted of murder.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protagonist of the movie, JJ Johnson, is played by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Boatman" title="Michael Boatman">Michael Boatman</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The movie's themes include a strong emphasis on the powerlessness of its African American characters and female characters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Johnson's fellow Sheriff's Deputy, the first woman at the station, is forced to deal with sexism both within the Sheriff's department and on the streets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Deputy is played by <a href="/wiki/Lori_Petty" title="Lori Petty">Lori Petty</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> who went on to become a director in the 2008 movie <a href="/wiki/The_Poker_House" title="The Poker House">The Poker House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Glass Shield</i> was nominated for a Golden Leopard award at the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Festival_del_film_Locarno" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival del film Locarno">Festival del film Locarno</a>. It grossed approximately $3,000,000 in the U.S. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation_(2007)"><span id="Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation_.282007.29"></span><i>Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation</i> (2007)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation (2007)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation" title="Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation">Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation</a></i> follows the story of Namibia's hardships while attempting to win independence from South African rule.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film is based loosely on the memoirs of Namibia's first president, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Nujoma" title="Sam Nujoma">Sam Nujoma</a>, the former leader of the South West Africa People's Organization <a href="/wiki/SWAPO" title="SWAPO">SWAPO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The script was based on Nujoma's autobiography, <i>Where Others Wavered</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was reported to be a government-commissioned celebration of liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-p65_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p65-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both main actors in the movie, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Lumbly" title="Carl Lumbly">Carl Lumbly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danny_Glover" title="Danny Glover">Danny Glover</a>, participated in Burnett's prior films, with Lumbly and Glover both appearing in <i><a href="/wiki/To_Sleep_with_Anger" title="To Sleep with Anger">To Sleep with Anger</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movie was filmed in Namibia and casting was especially difficult because the over 200 speaking parts were mostly given to local Namibians, many of whom had differing dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was an opening-night selection at the 2008 New York African Film Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett has made many documentaries including <i>America Becoming</i> (1991), <i>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Endesha_Ida_Mae_Holland" title="Endesha Ida Mae Holland">Endesha Ida Mae Holland</a></i> (1998), <i><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner:_A_Troublesome_Property" title="Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property">Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property</a></i> (2003), <i>For Reel?</i> (2003), and <i>Warming by the Devil's Fire</i> (2003) which was part of a TV series called <i>The Blues</i>. <i>America Becoming</i> was a made-for-television documentary financed by the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary concentrated on ethnic diversity in America, especially the relations between recent immigrants and other racial groups.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dr. Endesha Ida Mae Holland</i> was a short documentary about a civil rights activist, playwright, and professor who fought hard to overcome obstacles caused by racism and injustice. <i>Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property</i> featured Burnett's actor and friend Carl Lumbly. The movie won a Cinematography Award in 2003 from the Long Beach International Film Festival. <i>Warming by the Devil's Fire</i> was an episode for <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>'s six-part<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compilation <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> documentary.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burnett worked as a producer for the documentary <i>For Reel?</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shorts">Shorts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Shorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett was involved in many shorts that include <i>Several Friends</i> (1969), <i>The Horse</i> (1973), <i>When It Rains</i> (1995), <i>Olivia's Story</i> (2000), and <i>Quiet as Kept</i> (2007). <i>When It Rains</i> follows the story about a musician that tries to assist his friend with paying her rent. <i>Quiet as Kept</i> is a story about a relocated family after <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_films">Television films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Television films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett has directed many made-for-television movies, including <i><a href="/wiki/Nightjohn" title="Nightjohn">Nightjohn</a></i> (1996), <i>Oprah Winfrey Presents: The Wedding</i> (1998), <i><a href="/wiki/Selma,_Lord,_Selma" title="Selma, Lord, Selma">Selma, Lord, Selma</a></i> (1999), <i>Finding Buck McHenry</i> (2000), and <i>Relative Stranger</i> (2009). <i>Nightjohn</i> was adapted from a <a href="/wiki/Gary_Paulsen" title="Gary Paulsen">Gary Paulsen</a> novel, and went on to premiere on the Disney Channel in 1996 to high praise.<sup id="cite_ref-nybio_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nybio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story follows an escaped slave who learns to read and returns to his former home to teach others to read and write.<sup id="cite_ref-ans_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nightjohn</i> was awarded the Vision Award of the NAMIC Vision Awards in 1997 and a Special Citation Award from the National Society of Film Critics in 1998, and was nominated for a Young Artist Award by the Young Artists Awards in 1997. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> Presents: The Wedding</i> was directed by Burnett, with Oprah Winfrey as an executive producer.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> and Carl Lumbly star in this drama surrounding the wedding of a wealthy African American woman and a poor white musician.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Selma, Lord, Selma</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> movie, follows the story of a young girl inspired by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> who decides to join the historic protest march from Selma to Montgomery. <i>Selma, Lord, Selma</i> was nominated for a Humanitas Prize in 1999 and an Image Award from Image Awards in 2000. <i>Finding Buck McHenry</i> is about a young boy who tries to discover whether his baseball coach is a former legend in baseball. <i>Finding Buck McHenry</i> won a Daytime Emmy in 2001, a Silver Award from WorldFest Houston in 2000, and a Young Artists Award in 2001, and was nominated for an Image Award in 2001. <i>Relative Stranger</i> was nominated for an Emmy in 2009, an Image Award in 2010, and a Vision Award from NAMIC Vision Awards in 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988 Burnett won a <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a> for his work as an independent filmmaker.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burnett earned the Freedom in Film Award from the First Amendment Center and the Nashville Independent Film Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-free_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-free-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The award was given to Burnett to honor his commitment to presenting cultural and historical content that he felt needed to be discussed, rather than focusing on commercial success.<sup id="cite_ref-free_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-free-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burnett was honored by the Film Society of Lincoln Center and the Human Rights Watch International Film Festival in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Burnett was presented grants by the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the J.P. Getty Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prestigious <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>'s Paul Robeson Award was given to Burnett for achievement in cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To honor his achievements, the mayor of Seattle declared February 20, 1997, Charles Burnett Day.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2017 it was announced that Burnett was to receive a <a href="/wiki/Governors_Awards" title="Governors Awards">Governors Award</a> – known as an "honorary Oscar" – from the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recurring_themes">Recurring themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Recurring themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The recurring themes in Charles Burnett's work were primarily history's effect on the structure of family.<sup id="cite_ref-p111_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p111-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also strived to make films about working-class African-Americans that denounced stereotypes and clichés.<sup id="cite_ref-UA_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burnett has told critics that he makes films that deal with emotions coming out of real problems like maturity and self-identity.<sup id="cite_ref-BM_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also found a recurring theme in liberation and struggle perhaps after the influence from the UCLA's Third World Film Club that championed the revolutions occurring worldwide in the 1960s and 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_projects">Other projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, Burnett directed a film called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Annihilation_of_Fish" title="The Annihilation of Fish">The Annihilation of Fish</a></i>. The film is an interracial romance film starring <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Redgrave" title="Lynn Redgrave">Lynn Redgrave</a><sup id="cite_ref-nybio_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nybio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that won the Jury Award from the Newport Beach Film Festival in 2001, the Audience Award at the Sarasota Film Festival in 2001, and a Silver Award at WorldFest Houston in 2000. Burnett and two other directors, Barbara Martinez Jitner and Gregory Nava, directed the television series <i>American Family</i>. <i>American Family</i> was nominated for 2 Emmys and a Golden Globe Award and won many other awards. Burnett also acted in the documentary <i>Pierre Rissient: Man of Cinema</i> with <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is currently in pre-production on two films projects: <i>The Emir Abd El-Kadir</i> and <i>83 Days: The Murder of George Stinney.</i> </p><p>In January 2019, it was announced that Burnett would direct the film <i>Steal Away</i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smalls" title="Robert Smalls">Robert Smalls</a>'s escape from slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett is married to actress and <a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">costume designer</a> Gaye Shannon-Burnett. They have two sons, Steven and Jonathan.<sup id="cite_ref-KOS_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Several Friends</i> (short, 1969)</li> <li><i>The Horse</i> (short, 1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Brother%27s_Wedding_(1983_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="My Brother's Wedding (1983 film)">My Brother's Wedding</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bless_Their_Little_Hearts" title="Bless Their Little Hearts">Bless Their Little Hearts</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Sleep_with_Anger" title="To Sleep with Anger">To Sleep with Anger</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i>America Becoming</i> (TV documentary, 1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Shield" title="The Glass Shield">The Glass Shield</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=When_It_Rains_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="When It Rains (film) (page does not exist)">When It Rains</a></i> (short, 1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nightjohn_(film)" title="Nightjohn (film)">Nightjohn</a></i> (television film, 1996)</li> <li><i>The Final Insult</i> (<a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">docufiction</a> short, 1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_(miniseries)" title="The Wedding (miniseries)">The Wedding</a></i> (TV, 1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Endesha_Ida_Mae_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Endesha Ida Mae Holland (page does not exist)">Dr. Endesha Ida Mae Holland</a></i> (documentary short, 1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selma,_Lord,_Selma" title="Selma, Lord, Selma">Selma, Lord, Selma</a></i> (television film, 1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annihilation_of_Fish" title="The Annihilation of Fish">The Annihilation of Fish</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i>Olivia's Story</i> (short, 2000)</li> <li><i>Finding Buck McHenry</i> (television film, 2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Family_(2002_TV_series)" title="American Family (2002 TV series)">American Family</a></i> (TV series, 2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner:_A_Troublesome_Property" title="Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property">Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property</a></i> (TV documentary, 2003)</li> <li><i>For Reel?</i> (TV, 2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blues_(film_series)" title="The Blues (film series)">The Blues</a>: Warming by the Devil's Fire</i> (TV documentary, 2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation" title="Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation">Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i>Quiet as Kept</i> (short, 2007)</li> <li><i>Relative Stranger</i> (television film, 2009)</li> <li><i>Power to Heal: Medicare and the Civil Rights Revolution</i> (with Daniel Loewenthal, TV documentary, 2018)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KOS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOS_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.killerofsheep.com/filmmaker.html">A Film by Charles Burnett – Filmmaker</a>. Killer of Sheep. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ans-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ans_2-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/charles-burnett">Charles Burnett: Biography from</a>. Answers.com. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlTfapaiCYM"><span class="plainlinks">Charles Burnett Ancestry Reveal</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bright-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bright_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Damon, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/60/60burnettiv.php">"A Quiet Storm: Charles Burnett on Namibia and His Post-Killer of Sheep Career"</a> (interview), <i>Bright Lights Film Journal</i>, April 30, 2008. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington-Post-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Washington-Post_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Washington-Post_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHornaday2007" class="citation news cs1">Hornaday, Ann (June 3, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/01/AR2007060100494.html">"From L.A. Hotbed, Black Filmmakers' Creativity Flowered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2011</span>. <q>In 1967, after studying electrical engineering at Los Angeles Community College, Burnett arrived at UCLA to study film. For the next 10 years, UCLA students would develop a fecund, cosmopolitan and politically engaged movement that came to be unofficially known as the Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=From+L.A.+Hotbed%2C+Black+Filmmakers%27+Creativity+Flowered&rft.date=2007-06-03&rft.aulast=Hornaday&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F06%2F01%2FAR2007060100494.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Burnett+%28director%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nybio-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nybio_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nybio_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nybio_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nybio_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nybio_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104050516/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/83593/Charles-Burnett/biography">Charles Burnett – Biography – Movies & TV – NYTimes.com</a>. 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Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynaud1991" class="citation journal cs1">Reynaud, Bérénice (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3041690">"An Interview with Charles Burnett"</a>. <i>Black American Literature Forum</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 326. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3041690">10.2307/3041690</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3041690">3041690</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Black+American+Literature+Forum&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+Charles+Burnett&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=326&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3041690&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3041690%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Reynaud&rft.aufirst=B%C3%A9r%C3%A9nice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F3041690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Burnett+%28director%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-film-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-film_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.killerofsheep.com/about.html">A Film by Charles Burnett – About the Film. Killer of Sheep</a>. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p107-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p107_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p107_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p107_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p107_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Masilela, pp. 107–108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p61-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p61_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kleinhans, p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p110-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p110_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masilela, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-index-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-index_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-index_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-index_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-index_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-index_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-index_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-index_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-index_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fii.chadwyck.com/person/full_rec?action=BYID&ID=00070276">Film Index International Home Page</a>. Fii.chadwyck.com. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KOSI-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KOSI_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KOSI_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.killerofsheep.com/index.html">A Film by Charles Burnett – Home</a>. Killer of Sheep. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p112-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p112_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p112_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Masilela, p. 112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.killerofsheep.com/images/KOSfinalPK.pdf"><i>Killer of Sheep</i></a> Press book.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UA_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UA_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UA_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unitedstatesartists.org/user/CharlesBurnett">Charles Burnett – Profile – United States Artists – Great art forms here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201073205/http://www.unitedstatesartists.org/user/CharlesBurnett">Archived</a> February 1, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. United States Artists. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYA_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104050646/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/133281/Killer-of-Sheep/awards">Killer-of-Sheep – Cast, Crew, Director and Awards – NYTimes.com</a>. Movies.nytimes.com (2010-11-01). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.macfound.org&rft.atitle=Charles+Burnett+-+MacArthur+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macfound.org%2Ffellows%2F329%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Burnett+%28director%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-free-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-free_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-free_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, Phillip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=10649">Burnett accepts first Freedom in Film award</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726064226/http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=10649">Archived</a> July 26, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. freedomforum.org. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramos, Dino-Ray, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2017/09/governors-awards-academy-honorees-1202162171/">"Governors Award Honorees: Donald Sutherland, Charles Burnett, Agnes Varda & Owen Roizman"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a></i>, September 6, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p111-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p111_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masilela, pp. 111–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BM-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BM_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1998" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Chris (1998). "The representation of the black male in film". <i>Journal of African American Studies</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 19–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02902936">10.1007/BF02902936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+American+Studies&rft.atitle=The+representation+of+the+black+male+in+film&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=19-30&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02902936&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Burnett+%28director%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Alessandro2019" class="citation web cs1">D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2019/01/amazon-charles-burnett-steal-away-robert-smalls-escape-from-slavery-1202540339/">"Charles Burnett To Direct Slavery-Escape Pic 'Steal Away' For Amazon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Charles+Burnett+To+Direct+Slavery-Escape+Pic+%27Steal+Away%27+For+Amazon&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft.aulast=D%27Alessandro&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2019%2F01%2Famazon-charles-burnett-steal-away-robert-smalls-escape-from-slavery-1202540339%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Burnett+%28director%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kleinhans, Chuck. “Charles Burnett.” Fifty Contemporary Film Directors. Ed. Yvonne Tasker. New York: Routledge, 2002. pp. 60–69. Print.</li> <li>Masilela, Ntongela. “The Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers.” Black American Cinema. Ed. <a href="/wiki/Manthia_Diawara" title="Manthia Diawara">Manthia Diawara</a>. New York: Routledge, 1993. pp. 107–117.</li> <li>Míguez López, María, and Victor Paz Morandeira (eds). "Charles Burnett. A Troublesome Filmmaker". Santander: Shangrila, Textos Aparte, 2016.</li> <li>Míguez López, María, and Victor Paz Morandeira (eds). "Charles Burnett. Un cineasta incómodo". Santander: Shangrila, Textos Aparte, 2016.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/637726/Watts">"Watts."</a> Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Burnett_(director)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Burnett</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Brother%27s_Wedding" title="My Brother's Wedding">My Brother's Wedding</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Sleep_with_Anger" title="To Sleep with Anger">To Sleep with Anger</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Shield" title="The Glass Shield">The Glass Shield</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annihilation_of_Fish" title="The Annihilation of Fish">The Annihilation of Fish</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner:_A_Troublesome_Property" title="Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property">Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Namibia:_The_Struggle_for_Liberation" title="Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation">Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nightjohn_(film)" title="Nightjohn (film)">Nightjohn</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_(miniseries)" title="The Wedding (miniseries)">The Wedding</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selma,_Lord,_Selma" title="Selma, Lord, Selma">Selma, Lord, Selma</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blues_(film_series)#Warming_by_the_Devil's_Fire" title="The Blues (film series)">The Blues: Warming by the Devil's Fire</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bless_Their_Little_Hearts" title="Bless Their Little Hearts">Bless Their Little Hearts</a></i> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template talk:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_Time" title="The March of Time">The March of Time</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosson" title="Harold Rosson">Harold Rosson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art_Department_of_Film" title="Museum of Modern Art Department of Film">Museum of Modern Art Film Library</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Ball_(inventor)" title="Joseph A. Ball (inventor)">J. Arthur Ball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jennings" title="Gordon Jennings">Gordon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Domela" title="Jan Domela">Jan Domela</a>, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, <a href="/wiki/Farciot_Edouart" title="Farciot Edouart">Farciot Edouart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Griggs" title="Loyal Griggs">Loyal Griggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loren_L._Ryder" title="Loren L. Ryder">Loren L. Ryder</a>, Harry D. Mills, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mesenkop" title="Louis Mesenkop">Louis Mesenkop</a>, Walter Oberst / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_T._Marsh" title="Oliver T. Marsh">Oliver T. Marsh</a> and Allen Davey / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry Warner</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Menzies" title="William Cameron Menzies">William Cameron Menzies</a> / <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Relief Fund</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Block" title="Ralph Block">Ralph Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Vantiva" title="Vantiva">Technicolor SA</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Levinson" title="Nathan Levinson">Nathan Levinson</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Garity" title="William Garity">William Garity</a>, John N. A. Hawkins, and the <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA Manufacturing Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> and his associates / Rey Scott / <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">British Ministry of Information</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a> (1944)</li> <li>Republic Studio, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Bloomberg" title="Daniel J. Bloomberg">Daniel J. Bloomberg</a>, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_I_Live_In_(1945_film)" title="The House I Live In (1945 film)">The House I Live In</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ann_Garner" title="Peggy Ann Garner">Peggy Ann Garner</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Russell" title="Harold Russell">Harold Russell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jarman_Jr." title="Claude Jarman Jr.">Claude Jarman Jr.</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baskett" title="James Baskett">James Baskett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armat" title="Thomas Armat">Thomas Armat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Nicholas Selig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Smith_(producer)" title="Albert E. Smith (producer)">Albert E. Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Kirke_Spoor" title="George Kirke Spoor">George Kirke Spoor</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Coo" title="Bill and Coo">Bill and Coo</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Vincent" title="Monsieur Vincent">Monsieur Vincent</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">The Bicycle Thief</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walls_of_Malapaga" title="The Walls of Malapaga">The Walls of Malapaga</a></i> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a> / George Mitchell / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century-Fox Film Corporation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breen" title="Joseph Breen">Joseph Breen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pete_Smith_(film_producer)" title="Pete Smith (film producer)">Pete Smith</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch_%26_Lomb" title="Bausch & Lomb">Bausch & Lomb Optical Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / Kemp Niver / <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jon_Whiteley" title="Jon Whiteley">Jon Whiteley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Winter" title="Vincent Winter">Vincent Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)"><i>Gate of Hell</i></a> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samurai_I:_Musashi_Miyamoto" title="Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto">Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson" title="Broncho Billy Anderson">Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> / <a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Mills" title="Hayley Mills">Hayley Mills</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Hendricks" title="William L. Hendricks">William L. Hendricks</a> / Fred L. Metzler / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Tuttle" title="William J. Tuttle">William J. Tuttle</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Y._Frank_Freeman" title="Y. Frank Freeman">Y. Frank Freeman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(make-up_artist)" title="John Chambers (make-up artist)">John Chambers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Onna_White" title="Onna White">Onna White</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1971)</li> <li>Charles S. Boren / <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a> / <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Booth" title="Margaret Booth">Margaret Booth</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art Department of Film</a> (1978)</li> <li>Hal Elias / <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle" title="Robert F. Boyle">Robert F. Boyle</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willis" title="Gordon Willis">Gordon Willis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eli_Wallach" title="Eli Wallach">Eli Wallach</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(make-up_artist)" title="Dick Smith (make-up artist)">Dick Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hal_Needham" title="Hal Needham">Hal Needham</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens_Jr." title="George Stevens Jr.">George Stevens Jr.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Piero_Tosi" title="Piero Tosi">Piero Tosi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Stalmaster" title="Lynn Stalmaster">Lynn Stalmaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Roizman" title="Owen Roizman">Owen Roizman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Levy_(publicist)" title="Marvin Levy (publicist)">Marvin Levy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wes_Studi" title="Wes Studi">Wes Studi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzhan_Palcy" title="Euzhan Palcy">Euzhan Palcy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Littleton" title="Carol Littleton">Carol Littleton</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Taylor" title="Juliet Taylor">Juliet Taylor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #D8BFD8"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Independent Spirit Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Independent Spirit Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Independent Spirit Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Independent Spirit Award for Best Director">Independent Spirit Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1987) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Ramón Menéndez">Ramon Menendez</a> (1988) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (1989)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Burnett</a> (1990) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coolidge" title="Martha Coolidge">Martha Coolidge</a> (1991) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Franklin" title="Carl Franklin">Carl Franklin</a> (1992) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1993) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Figgis" title="Mike Figgis">Mike Figgis</a> (1995) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> (1996) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1997) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a> (1998) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> (1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2000) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2001) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a> (2002) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton_and_Valerie_Faris" title="Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris">Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schnabel" title="Julian Schnabel">Julian Schnabel</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Daniels" title="Lee Daniels">Lee Daniels</a> (2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darren_Aronofsky" title="Darren Aronofsky">Darren Aronofsky</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_O._Russell" title="David O. Russell">David O. Russell</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen_(director)" title="Steve McQueen (director)">Steve McQueen</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peele" title="Jordan Peele">Jordan Peele</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Safdie_brothers" title="Safdie brothers">Safdie brothers</a> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Gyllenhaal" title="Maggie Gyllenhaal">Maggie Gyllenhaal</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Celine_Song" title="Celine Song">Celine Song</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #D8BFD8"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template:Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template talk:Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay">Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Jimenez" title="Neal Jimenez">Neal Jimenez</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Menendez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Menendez">Ramon Menendez</a> and Tom Musca (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a> and Daniel Yost (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Burnett</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Jimenez" title="Neal Jimenez">Neal Jimenez</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> and Frank Barhydt (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Avary" title="Roger Avary">Roger Avary</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_McQuarrie" title="Christopher McQuarrie">Christopher McQuarrie</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Smith" title="Kevin Smith">Kevin Smith</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Roos" title="Don Roos">Don Roos</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_White_(filmmaker)" title="Mike White (filmmaker)">Mike White</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Futterman" title="Dan Futterman">Dan Futterman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Reitman" title="Jason Reitman">Jason Reitman</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Jenkins" title="Tamara Jenkins">Tamara Jenkins</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Neustadter" title="Scott Neustadter">Scott Neustadter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Weber" title="Michael H. Weber">Michael H. Weber</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Blumberg" title="Stuart Blumberg">Stuart Blumberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Cholodenko" title="Lisa Cholodenko">Lisa Cholodenko</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Rash" title="Jim Rash">Jim Rash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nat_Faxon" title="Nat Faxon">Nat Faxon</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._Russell" title="David O. Russell">David O. Russell</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ridley" title="John Ridley">John Ridley</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Gilroy" title="Dan Gilroy">Dan Gilroy</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Singer" title="Josh Singer">Josh Singer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarell_Alvin_McCraney" title="Tarell Alvin McCraney">Tarell Alvin McCraney</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Holofcener" title="Nicole Holofcener">Nicole Holofcener</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Whitty" title="Jeff Whitty">Jeff Whitty</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Baumbach" title="Noah Baumbach">Noah Baumbach</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D8BFD8;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Fennell" title="Emerald Fennell">Emerald Fennell</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Gyllenhaal" title="Maggie Gyllenhaal">Maggie Gyllenhaal</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_Jefferson" title="Cord Jefferson">Cord Jefferson</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template talk:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay">National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1967–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Newman_(screenwriter)" title="David Newman (screenwriter)">David Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">John Cassavetes</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tucker_(screenwriter)" title="Larry Tucker (screenwriter)">Larry Tucker</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Katz" title="Gloria Katz">Gloria Katz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willard_Huyck" title="Willard Huyck">Willard Huyck</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne">Robert Towne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Tanner" title="Alain Tanner">Alain Tanner</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Berger" title="John Berger">John Berger</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tesich" title="Steve Tesich">Steve Tesich</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Guare" title="John Guare">John Guare</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Schisgal" title="Murray Schisgal">Murray Schisgal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Forsyth" title="Bill Forsyth">Bill Forsyth</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Ganz" title="Lowell Ganz">Lowell Ganz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babaloo_Mandel" title="Babaloo Mandel">Babaloo Mandel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Jay_Friedman" title="Bruce Jay Friedman">Bruce Jay Friedman</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Brooks" title="Albert Brooks">Albert Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monica_Johnson" title="Monica Johnson">Monica Johnson</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanif_Kureishi" title="Hanif Kureishi">Hanif Kureishi</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Shelton" title="Ron Shelton">Ron Shelton</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a> and Daniel Yost (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Burnett</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Peoples" title="David Peoples">David Webb Peoples</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Avary" title="Roger Avary">Roger Avary</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Heckerling" title="Amy Heckerling">Amy Heckerling</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Brooks" title="Albert Brooks">Albert Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monica_Johnson" title="Monica Johnson">Monica Johnson</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Helgeland" title="Brian Helgeland">Brian Helgeland</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Frank" title="Scott Frank">Scott Frank</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Harwood" title="Ronald Harwood">Ronald Harwood</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shari_Springer_Berman_and_Robert_Pulcini" title="Shari Springer Berman and Robert Pulcini">Shari Springer Berman and Robert Pulcini</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noah_Baumbach" title="Noah Baumbach">Noah Baumbach</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morgan" title="Peter Morgan">Peter Morgan</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Jenkins" title="Tamara Jenkins">Tamara Jenkins</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asghar_Farhadi" title="Asghar Farhadi">Asghar Farhadi</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Hawke" title="Ethan Hawke">Ethan Hawke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Delpy" title="Julie Delpy">Julie Delpy</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Singer" title="Josh Singer">Josh Singer</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armando_Iannucci" title="Armando Iannucci">Armando Iannucci</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Schneider_(actor)" title="David Schneider (actor)">David Schneider</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Martin_(writer)" title="Ian Martin (writer)">Ian Martin</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Han_Jin-won" title="Han Jin-won">Han Jin-won</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Hittman" title="Eliza Hittman">Eliza Hittman</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ryusuke_Hamaguchi" title="Ryusuke Hamaguchi">Ryusuke Hamaguchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Takamasa_Oe" title="Takamasa Oe">Takamasa Oe</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Field" title="Todd Field">Todd Field</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samy_Burch" title="Samy Burch">Samy Burch</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063846#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063846#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063846#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121733173">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91054790">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14083889w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14083889w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0176977&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5328951">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p142080632">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/9034100">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000607320&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201214942">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007425371605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17279059?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500114702">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/394296">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/69603">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd121733173.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/121671143">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pq2kzm">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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