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ANTWERP - ARTAXERXES II - JewishEncyclopedia.com
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<header id="hd" class="yui3-u-1"> <div class="yui3-g"> <div class="yui3-u-1-3"> <h1 class="logo"><a href="/">JewishEncyclopedia.com</a></h1> </div> <div class="yui3-u-1-3"> </div> <div class="yui3-u-1-3"> <input type="text" class="st-default-search-input" style="width:275px"> </div> </div> <div class="yui3-g"> <nav class="yui3-u-1"> <ul id="nav"> <li class='selectedletter active'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">A</a> <ul> <li> <a title="AACH - Abdima (Abdimi) of Sepphoris" href="/directory/A/1"> AACH - ABDI </a> </li> <li> <a title="Abdimi Malla谩赂楼a - ABRAHAM OF BOHEMIA" href="/directory/A/205"> ABDI - ABRA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ABRAHAM IBN BOLAT - ABRAHAM BEN YOM-谩鹿卢OB OF TUDELA" href="/directory/A/408"> ABRA - ABRA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ABRAHAM 谩潞聮ARFATI - ADLER, DAVID BARUCH" href="/directory/A/611"> ABRA - ADLE </a> </li> <li> <a title="ADLER, ELKAN NATHAN - AIN MUSA" href="/directory/A/814"> ADLE - AINM </a> </li> <li> <a title="AIRE - ALGAZI, YOM-谩鹿卢OB BEN ISRAEL JACOB" href="/directory/A/1017"> AIRE - ALGA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ALGEBRA, SCIENCE OF - AMORITES" href="/directory/A/1220"> ALGE - AMOR </a> </li> <li> <a title="AMOS - ANTUNES" href="/directory/A/1423"> AMOS - ANTU </a> </li> <li> <a title="ANTWERP - ARTAXERXES II" href="/directory/A/1626"> ANTW - ARTA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ARTAXERXES III. - ASSER, CAREL" href="/directory/A/1829"> ARTA - ASSE </a> </li> <li> <a title="ASSER, CAREL - 'AZZUT PANIM" href="/directory/A/2032"> ASSE - AZZU </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">B</a> <ul> <li> <a title="BA'AL - BAKHMUT" href="/directory/B/2235"> BAAL - BAKH </a> </li> <li> <a title="BAKI, SIMSON - BARNACLE-GOOSE" href="/directory/B/2385"> BAKI - BARN </a> </li> <li> <a title="BARNATO, BARNETT ISAACS - BE ABIDAN" href="/directory/B/2535"> BARN - BEAB </a> </li> <li> <a title="BE RAB - BELMONTE" href="/directory/B/2685"> BERA - BELM </a> </li> <li> <a title="BELMONTE, B. E. COLA脙聡O - BENJAMIN, SAMUEL" href="/directory/B/2835"> BELM - BENJ </a> </li> <li> <a title="BENJAMIN B. SAMUEL OF COUTANCES - BERNSTAMM, LEOPOLD BERNARD" href="/directory/B/2984"> BENJ - BERN </a> </li> <li> <a title="BERNSTEIN, AARON (DAVID) - BIEDERMANN, MICHAEL LAZAR" href="/directory/B/3133"> BERN - BIED </a> </li> <li> <a title="BIEGELEISEN, HENRY - BLUMENFELDT, SIMON" href="/directory/B/3282"> BIEG - BLUM </a> </li> <li> <a title="BLUMENSTOCK VON HALBAN, LEO - BORNSTEIN, PAUL" href="/directory/B/3431"> BLUM - BORN </a> </li> <li> <a title="BORODAVKA - BRODA, BENJAMIN B. AARON" href="/directory/B/3580"> BORO - BROD </a> </li> <li> <a title="BRODSKI - BYZANTINE EXPIRE" href="/directory/B/3729"> BROD - BYZA </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">C</a> <ul> <li> <a title="CABALA - CANSINO, JACOB" href="/directory/C/3878"> CABA - CANS </a> </li> <li> <a title="CANSTATT, KARL FRIEDRICH - CARPI, ZACHARIAH" href="/directory/C/3975"> CANS - CARP </a> </li> <li> <a title="CARPZOV, JOHANN BENEDICT II. - CEMETERY" href="/directory/C/4072"> CARP - CEME </a> </li> <li> <a title="CENSER - CHASTITY, PROOF OF" href="/directory/C/4169"> CENS - CHAS </a> </li> <li> <a title="CH脙聜TEAU-THIERRY - CHRIST" href="/directory/C/4265"> CHAT - CHRI </a> </li> <li> <a title="CHRISTIAN - COHEN, ABNER" href="/directory/C/4361"> CHRI - COHE </a> </li> <li> <a title="COHEN, ABRAHAM - COLON" href="/directory/C/4457"> COHE - COLO </a> </li> <li> <a title="COLON, JOSEPH B. SOLOMON - CORDOVA" href="/directory/C/4553"> COLO - CORD </a> </li> <li> <a title="CORDOVA, ISAAC HEZEKIAH B. JACOB - CR脙聣MIEUX, GASTON" href="/directory/C/4649"> CORD - CREM </a> </li> <li> <a title="CR脙聣MIEUX, HANANEEL - CZYNSKI, JAN (JEAN)" href="/directory/C/4745"> CREM - CZYN </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">D</a> <ul> <li> <a title="DABBASHETH - DANON, JOSEPH BEN JACOB BEN MOSES IBN" href="/directory/D/4841"> DABB - DANO </a> </li> <li> <a title="DANON, ME脙聫R BENJAMIN MENAHEM - DAVID, ERNEST" href="/directory/D/4891"> DANO - DAVI </a> </li> <li> <a title="DAVID, FERDINAND - DAVIDSOHN, LEON" href="/directory/D/4941"> DAVI - DAVI </a> </li> <li> <a title="DAVIDSOHN, ROBERT - DEDE AGATCH" href="/directory/D/4991"> DAVI - DEDE </a> </li> <li> <a title="DEDICATION - DENMARK" href="/directory/D/5041"> DEDI - DENM </a> </li> <li> <a title="DENVER - DEUTSCH, EMANUEL OSCAR MENAHEM" href="/directory/D/5091"> DENV - DEUT </a> </li> <li> <a title="DEUTSCH, GOTTHARD - DIESSENHOFEN" href="/directory/D/5141"> DEUT - DIES </a> </li> <li> <a title="DIETARY LAWS - DLUGOSZ, JEAN" href="/directory/D/5191"> DIET - DLUG </a> </li> <li> <a title="DLUGOSZ - DOSA BEN SAADIA" href="/directory/D/5241"> DLUG - DOSA </a> </li> <li> <a title="DOSA B. 谩鹿卢EBET - DUALISM" href="/directory/D/5291"> DOSA - DUAL </a> </li> <li> <a title="DUARTE, LUIS - DYVIN" href="/directory/D/5341"> DUAR - DYVI </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">E</a> <ul> <li> <a title="EAGLE - EFES" href="/directory/E/5390"> EAGL - EFES </a> </li> <li> <a title="EFODI - EJECTMENT" href="/directory/E/5444"> EFOD - EJEC </a> </li> <li> <a title="EKAH (LAMENTATIONS) RABBATI - ELEAZAR B. NATHAN" href="/directory/E/5498"> EKAH - ELEA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ELEAZAR BEN PEDAT - ELIEZER B. 谩赂陇ISMA" href="/directory/E/5551"> ELEA - ELIE </a> </li> <li> <a title="ELIEZER (LIEZER) BEN HYRCANUS - ELIJAH BEN JOSEPH" href="/directory/E/5604"> ELIE - ELIJ </a> </li> <li> <a title="ELIJAH B. JOSEPH (YOSKE) - ELTEKEH" href="/directory/E/5657"> ELIJ - ELTE </a> </li> <li> <a title="ELVIRA - ENGEL, JOSEPH" href="/directory/E/5710"> ELVI - ENGE </a> </li> <li> <a title="ENGELBERT, HERMANN - EPICURUS AND EPICUREANISM" href="/directory/E/5763"> ENGE - EPIC </a> </li> <li> <a title="EPIGRAMS - ESTELLA" href="/directory/E/5816"> EPIG - ESTE </a> </li> <li> <a title="ESTELLE, FRANCE - EVIL-MERODACH" href="/directory/E/5869"> ESTE - EVIL </a> </li> <li> <a title="EVIL SPIRITS - EZRAHITE" href="/directory/E/5922"> EVIL - EZRA </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">F</a> <ul> <li> <a title="FABLE - FAR谩赂陇I (PAR谩赂陇I), ESTORI" href="/directory/F/5975"> FABL - FARH </a> </li> <li> <a title="FAR谩赂陇I, 谩赂陇AYYIM MU'ALLIM - FELBERMAN, LOUIS" href="/directory/F/6018"> FARH - FELB </a> </li> <li> <a title="FELD, JULIUS - FEUER, NATHANIEL" href="/directory/F/6061"> FELD - FEUE </a> </li> <li> <a title="FEUST, KARL - FISCHELS, ME脙聫R" href="/directory/F/6104"> FEUS - FISC </a> </li> <li> <a title="FISCHER, BERNARD - FLEXNER, SIMON" href="/directory/F/6147"> FISC - FLEX </a> </li> <li> <a title="FLISFEDER, D. I. - FORGERY" href="/directory/F/6190"> FLIS - FORG </a> </li> <li> <a title="FORGIVENESS - FRANCOLM, ISAAC ASHER" href="/directory/F/6233"> FORG - FRAN </a> </li> <li> <a title="FRANGI, 谩赂陇AYYIM - FRANKL, LOTHAR AMADEUS, RITTER VON HOCHWART" href="/directory/F/6276"> FRAN - FRAN </a> </li> <li> <a title="FRANKL, LUDWIG AUGUST, RITTER VON HOCHWART - FRIDAY" href="/directory/F/6318"> FRAN - FRID </a> </li> <li> <a title="FRIEDBERG, ABRAHAM SHALOM ("HAR SHALOM") - FROHBERG, REGINA" href="/directory/F/6360"> FRIE - FROH </a> </li> <li> <a title="FROHMAN, CHARLES - F脙聹RTH, MEYER B. ELHANAN" href="/directory/F/6402"> FROH - FURT </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">G</a> <ul> <li> <a title="GABBAI - GAMALIEL III." href="/directory/G/6444"> GABB - GAMA </a> </li> <li> <a title="GAMALIEL IV. - GEDALIAH CORDOVERO" href="/directory/G/6497"> GAMA - GEDA </a> </li> <li> <a title="GEDALIAH, JUDAH, DON - GERMANUS, MOSES" href="/directory/G/6550"> GEDA - GERM </a> </li> <li> <a title="GERMANY - GHIRON" href="/directory/G/6603"> GERM - GHIR </a> </li> <li> <a title="GHIRONDI - GLOGAU, JEHIEL MICHAEL BEN UZZIEL" href="/directory/G/6656"> GHIR - GLOG </a> </li> <li> <a title="GLOGAUER, ABIGDOR BEN SIM谩赂陇AH HA-LEVI - GOLDSCHMIDT, LOTHAR" href="/directory/G/6709"> GLOG - GOLD </a> </li> <li> <a title="GOLDSCHMIDT, ME脙聫R AARON - GORDON, LEON (JUDAH L脙聳B BEN ASHER)" href="/directory/G/6761"> GOLD - GORD </a> </li> <li> <a title="GORDON, MICHEL - GRAZIANI, AUGUSTO" href="/directory/G/6813"> GORD - GRAZ </a> </li> <li> <a title="GRAZIANO, ABRAHAM JOSEPH SOLOMON BEN MORDECAI - GUARDIA, LA, THE HOLY CHILD OF" href="/directory/G/6865"> GRAZ - GUAR </a> </li> <li> <a title="GUARDIAN AND WARD - GYMNASIUM" href="/directory/G/6917"> GUAR - GYMN </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">H</a> <ul> <li> <a title="HAARBLEICHER, MOSES M. - HAINDORF, ALEXANDER" href="/directory/H/6969"> HAAR - HAIN </a> </li> <li> <a title="HAIR - HAMNUNA II." href="/directory/H/7061"> HAIR - HAMN </a> </li> <li> <a title="HAMNUNA OF BABYLONIA - HARARI, JUDAH (ARYEH)" href="/directory/H/7153"> HAMN - HARA </a> </li> <li> <a title="HARARITE - HAUSEN, MOSES BEN ASHER ANSHEL" href="/directory/H/7245"> HARA - HAUS </a> </li> <li> <a title="HAUSER, CARL FRANKL - 谩赂陇AZZAN, ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH" href="/directory/H/7337"> HAUS - HAZZ </a> </li> <li> <a title="谩赂陇AZZAN, ELEAZAR HA- - HEKSCHER, EPHRAIM BEN SAMUEL SANVEL" href="/directory/H/7429"> HAZZ - HEKS </a> </li> <li> <a title="HELA - HERRMANN, LEO" href="/directory/H/7520"> HELA - HERR </a> </li> <li> <a title="HERSCHEL, SIR WILLIAM - HILLEL BEN ELIAKIM" href="/directory/H/7611"> HERS - HILL </a> </li> <li> <a title="HILLEL OF ERFURT - H脙聳CHHEIMER (H脙聳脛聥HHEIM, HOCHHEIMER, HECHIM)" href="/directory/H/7702"> HILL - HOCH </a> </li> <li> <a title="HOCHMEISTER - HOROWITZ, SHABBETHAI SHEFTEL" href="/directory/H/7793"> HOCH - HORO </a> </li> <li> <a title="HORSCHETZKY, MORITZ - HYSSOP" href="/directory/H/7884"> HORS - HYSS </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">I</a> <ul> <li> <a title="I - IBN MIGAS, ME脙聫R" href="/directory/I/7975"> I - IBNM </a> </li> <li> <a title="IBN MUHAJAR, AHUB BEN ME脙聫R HANASI IBN <ForeignChars>V06p538003.jpg</ForeignChars> - IBN YA谩赂陇YA, JOSEPH BEN DAVID" href="/directory/I/8008"> IBNM - IBNY </a> </li> <li> <a title="IBN YA'ISH, BARUCH BEN ISAAC - ILLESCOS, JACOB DI" href="/directory/I/8041"> IBNY - ILLE </a> </li> <li> <a title="ILLIBERIS - INDIANAPOLIS" href="/directory/I/8074"> ILLI - INDI </a> </li> <li> <a title="INDICTMENT - INTERMEDIATE DAYS" href="/directory/I/8107"> INDI - INTE </a> </li> <li> <a title="INTESTACY - ISAAC IBN 谩赂陇ALFON, ABU IBRAHIM" href="/directory/I/8139"> INTE - ISAA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ISAAC BEN 谩赂陇AYYIM BEN ABRAHAM HA-KOHEN - ISAAC BEN MORDECAI GERSHON" href="/directory/I/8171"> ISAA - ISAA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ISAAC BEN MORDECAI HA-LEVI - ISABELLA I" href="/directory/I/8203"> ISAA - ISAB </a> </li> <li> <a title="ISAIAH - ISPAHAN" href="/directory/I/8235"> ISAI - ISPA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ISRAEL - ISRAELI, ISRAEL" href="/directory/I/8267"> ISRA - ISRA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ISRAELIK - ISRAELS, ABRAHAM HARTOG" href="/directory/I/8299"> ISRA - ISRA </a> </li> <li> <a title="ISRAEL'S HEROLD - IZRAELITA MAGYAR N脙聣PTANIT脙聯" href="/directory/I/8331"> ISRA - IZRA </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">J</a> <ul> <li> <a title="JAARBOOKEN VOR DE ISRAELITEN - JACOB OF KEFAR SEKANYA (SIMA脙聫)" href="/directory/J/8363"> JAAR - JACO </a> </li> <li> <a title="JACOB B. KORSHAI - JAFFE (JOFFE)" href="/directory/J/8431"> JACO - JAFF </a> </li> <li> <a title="JAGEL, ABRAHAM BEN HANANIAH DEI GALICCHI - JEHOSHAPHAT" href="/directory/J/8499"> JAGE - JEHO </a> </li> <li> <a title="JEHOSHAPHAT, VALLEY OF - JEWISH COMMENT" href="/directory/J/8567"> JEHO - JEWI </a> </li> <li> <a title="JEWISH CRITERION, THE - JOD" href="/directory/J/8635"> JEWI - JOD </a> </li> <li> <a title="JOEL - JONATHAN BEN ELEAZAR" href="/directory/J/8702"> JOEL - JONA </a> </li> <li> <a title="JONATHAN BEN HOR谩赂虏INAS (ARCHINAS) - JOSEPH BEN GORION" href="/directory/J/8769"> JONA - JOSE </a> </li> <li> <a title="JOSEPH IBN 谩赂陇ASAN - JOSEPHS, MICHAEL" href="/directory/J/8836"> JOSE - JOSE </a> </li> <li> <a title="JOSEPHS, WALTER - JUDAH B. AMMI" href="/directory/J/8903"> JOSE - JUDA </a> </li> <li> <a title="JUDAH ARYEH L脙聳B BEN JOSHUA H脙聳SCHEL - JUDE, DER" href="/directory/J/8970"> JUDA - JUDE </a> </li> <li> <a title="JUDE, DER (New York) - JUWEL, MOSES MORDECAI" href="/directory/J/9037"> JUDE - JUWE </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">K</a> <ul> <li> <a title="KAB - KALIFA, MOSES BEN MALKA" href="/directory/K/9104"> KAB - KALI </a> </li> <li> <a title="KALILAH WA-DIMNAH - 谩赂虏ANAH ABIGDOR" href="/directory/K/9147"> KALI - KANA </a> </li> <li> <a title="KANITZ, AUGUST - KA谩鹿垄ABI (<ForeignChars>V07p451001.jpg</ForeignChars>), JOSEPH BEN NISSIM" href="/directory/K/9189"> KANI - KASA </a> </li> <li> <a title="KASHER - KEMPNER, GABRIEL" href="/directory/K/9231"> KASH - KEMP </a> </li> <li> <a title="KEMPNER, MAX - KIEV" href="/directory/K/9273"> KEMP - KIEV </a> </li> <li> <a title="KIHAYA - KITE" href="/directory/K/9315"> KIHA - KITE </a> </li> <li> <a title="KITTSEER, MICHAEL - KNOT" href="/directory/K/9357"> KITT - KNOT </a> </li> <li> <a title="KNOXVILLE - KOKEBE YI谩潞聮谩赂陇A谩赂虏" href="/directory/K/9399"> KNOX - KOKE </a> </li> <li> <a title="KOL BO - KOSMINSKY, MARKS" href="/directory/K/9441"> KOLB - KOSM </a> </li> <li> <a title="KOSSARSKI, JULIUS - KROCHMAL, NACHMAN KOHEN" href="/directory/K/9483"> KOSS - KROC </a> </li> <li> <a title="KRON, JUDAH BEN ELEAZAR - KUTTOWER, ABRAHAM GERSHON BEN EPHRAIM" href="/directory/K/9525"> KRON - KUTT </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">L</a> <ul> <li> <a title="LA PEYRERE, ISAAC - LANDSHUTH, LESER" href="/directory/L/9567"> LAPE - LAND </a> </li> <li> <a title="LANDSOFER (LANDSCHREIBER), JONAH BEN ELIJAH - LAZARUS, JOSEPHINE" href="/directory/L/9627"> LAND - LAZA </a> </li> <li> <a title="LAZARUS, JULIUS - LEMOS, HENRIETTE DE" href="/directory/L/9687"> LAZA - LEMO </a> </li> <li> <a title="LEMUEL - LEVI BEN ABRAHAM BEN 谩赂陇AYYIM" href="/directory/L/9747"> LEMU - LEVI </a> </li> <li> <a title="LEVI, BENEDIKT - LEVITAN, ISAAC (ISAAC ILYICH)" href="/directory/L/9807"> LEVI - LEVI </a> </li> <li> <a title="LEVITES (Temple Servants) - LEWINSTEIN, JOSEPH" href="/directory/L/9866"> LEVI - LEWI </a> </li> <li> <a title="LEWIS, DAVID - LILIENBLUM, MOSES L脙聳B" href="/directory/L/9925"> LEWI - LILI </a> </li> <li> <a title="LILIENTHAL, MAX - LIVER" href="/directory/L/9984"> LILI - LIVE </a> </li> <li> <a title="LIVERPOOL - LONDON, SOLOMON B. MOSES RAPHAEL" href="/directory/L/10043"> LIVE - LOND </a> </li> <li> <a title="LONG BRANCH - L脙聳WY, ADOLF" href="/directory/L/10102"> LONG - LOWY </a> </li> <li> <a title="L脙聳WY, ALBERT - LYSIMACHUS" href="/directory/L/10161"> LOWY - LYSI </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">M</a> <ul> <li> <a title="MAACAH - MALACHI B. JACOB HA-KOHEN" href="/directory/M/10220"> MAAC - MALA </a> </li> <li> <a title="MALAGA - MARKS, SAMUEL" href="/directory/M/10324"> MALA - MARK </a> </li> <li> <a title="MARKUS, LUDWIG - MEASURES" href="/directory/M/10428"> MARK - MEAS </a> </li> <li> <a title="MEAT-TAX - MENAHEM MENDEL BEN BARUCH BENDET" href="/directory/M/10532"> MEAT - MENA </a> </li> <li> <a title="MENAHEM OF MERSEBURG - METER IN THE BIBLE" href="/directory/M/10636"> MENA - METE </a> </li> <li> <a title="METHODOLOGY - MILLET" href="/directory/M/10739"> METH - MILL </a> </li> <li> <a title="MILMAN, HENRY HART - MONDAY AND THURSDAY PRAYER" href="/directory/M/10842"> MILM - MOND </a> </li> <li> <a title="MONEY - MOSER" href="/directory/M/10945"> MONE - MOSE </a> </li> <li> <a title="MOSER, MOSES - MOSES OF SMOLENSK" href="/directory/M/11048"> MOSE - MOSE </a> </li> <li> <a title="MOSES SOFER - MYSTICISM" href="/directory/M/11151"> MOSE - MYST </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">N</a> <ul> <li> <a title="NAAMAH - NAHUM" href="/directory/N/11254"> NAAM - NAHU </a> </li> <li> <a title="NAHUM ELIEZER BEN JACOB - NASI, DAVID" href="/directory/N/11293"> NAHU - NASI </a> </li> <li> <a title="NASI GRACIA MENDESIA - NATHAN NATA OF SHKLOV" href="/directory/N/11332"> NASI - NATH </a> </li> <li> <a title="NATHAN BEN SAMUEL - NEBUZAR-ADAN" href="/directory/N/11371"> NATH - NEBU </a> </li> <li> <a title="NECHO - NESEK" href="/directory/N/11410"> NECH - NESE </a> </li> <li> <a title="NESVIZH - NEUZEIT, DIE" href="/directory/N/11448"> NESV - NEUZ </a> </li> <li> <a title="NEVAKHOVICH, L脙聳B - NICHOLAS III., IV., V" href="/directory/N/11486"> NEVA - NICH </a> </li> <li> <a title="NICHOLAS OF DAMASCUS (NICOLAUS DAMASCENUS) - NISSIM BEN MOSES OF MARSEILLES" href="/directory/N/11524"> NICH - NISS </a> </li> <li> <a title="NISSIM B. REUBEN GERONDI - NOSE-RING" href="/directory/N/11562"> NISS - NOSE </a> </li> <li> <a title="NOSSIG, ALFRED - NYONS" href="/directory/N/11600"> NOSS - NYON </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">O</a> <ul> <li> <a title="OAK AND TEREBINTH - OHOLIAB" href="/directory/O/11638"> OAKA - OHOL </a> </li> <li> <a title="OHOLIBAMAH - OPFERPFENNIG, GOLDENER" href="/directory/O/11678"> OHOL - OPFE </a> </li> <li> <a title="OPHEL - OREGON" href="/directory/O/11718"> OPHE - OREG </a> </li> <li> <a title="OREN - OSTROG" href="/directory/O/11758"> OREN - OSTR </a> </li> <li> <a title="OSTROGORSKI, MOISEI YAKOVLEVICH - 'OZER BEN ME脙聫R" href="/directory/O/11797"> OSTR - OZER </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">P</a> <ul> <li> <a title="PABLO ALVARO - PAPPENHEIM" href="/directory/P/11836"> PABL - PAPP </a> </li> <li> <a title="PAPPENHEIM, ISRAEL HIRSCH - PATTO, SAMSON GOMEZ" href="/directory/P/11893"> PAPP - PATT </a> </li> <li> <a title="PAUL DE BURGOS - PENITENTIAL DAYS" href="/directory/P/11950"> PAUL - PENI </a> </li> <li> <a title="PENNSYLVANIA - PESI谩赂虏TA (DE-RAB KAHANA; RABBATI; ZU谩鹿卢ARTI)" href="/directory/P/12007"> PENN - PESI </a> </li> <li> <a title="PESSELES, JOSEPH (ELIAS) - PHINEHAS" href="/directory/P/12063"> PESS - PHIN </a> </li> <li> <a title="PHINEHAS BEN CLUSOTH - PINSKER, DOB B脙聞R B. NATHAN" href="/directory/P/12119"> PHIN - PINS </a> </li> <li> <a title="PINSKER, LEV (LEV SEMIONOVICH) - POLA" href="/directory/P/12175"> PINS - POLA </a> </li> <li> <a title="POLACCO, VITTORIO - PORGES, NATHAN" href="/directory/P/12231"> POLA - PORG </a> </li> <li> <a title="PORGES VON PORTHEIM - PREGNANCY" href="/directory/P/12287"> PORG - PREG </a> </li> <li> <a title="PREMEDITATION - PROVENCE" href="/directory/P/12343"> PREM - PROV </a> </li> <li> <a title="PROVERBS - PYKE, LIONEL EDWARD" href="/directory/P/12399"> PROV - PYKE </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">Q</a> <ul> <li> <a title="QUADRATUS, UMMIDIUS CAIUS - QUORUM" href="/directory/Q/12455"> QUAD - QUOR </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">R</a> <ul> <li> <a title="RAAB - RABINOVICH (RABBINOWITZ), OSIP AARONOVICH" href="/directory/R/12465"> RAAB - RABI </a> </li> <li> <a title="RABINOVITZ, JOSHUA BEN ELIJAH - RAMESES" href="/directory/R/12510"> RABI - RAME </a> </li> <li> <a title="RAMI B. EZEKIEL - RAUSUK, SAMSON" href="/directory/R/12554"> RAMI - RAUS </a> </li> <li> <a title="RAVEN - REGGIO" href="/directory/R/12598"> RAVE - REGG </a> </li> <li> <a title="REGGIO, ABRAHAM (VITA) BEN AZRIEL - REPTILES" href="/directory/R/12642"> REGG - REPT </a> </li> <li> <a title="RESCISSION - RIBA" href="/directory/R/12686"> RESC - RIBA </a> </li> <li> <a title="RIBASH - RITTANGEL, JOHANN STEPHANUS" href="/directory/R/12730"> RIBA - RITT </a> </li> <li> <a title="RITTER, IMMANUEL HEINRICH - ROMI, DANIEL B. 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WIEN </a> </li> <li> <a title="WIENER, ME脙炉R - WILLIAM OF AUVERGNE" href="/directory/W/14903"> WIEN - WILL </a> </li> <li> <a title="WILLIAM OF NORWICH - WISE, STEPHEN SAMUEL" href="/directory/W/14930"> WILL - WISE </a> </li> <li> <a title="WISMAR - WOLFENB脙聹TTEL" href="/directory/W/14957"> WISM - WOLF </a> </li> <li> <a title="WOLFENSTEIN, MARTHA - WOOLF, EDWARD" href="/directory/W/14984"> WOLF - WOOL </a> </li> <li> <a title="WOOLF, SIDNEY - WYSBER, LUDWIG" href="/directory/W/15011"> WOOL - WYSB </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">X</a> <ul> <li> <a title="XABILLO - XYSTUS" href="/directory/X/15038"> XABI - XYST </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">Y</a> <ul> <li> <a title="YA'ABE谩潞聮 - YAR谩赂陇I, ABRAHAM" href="/directory/Y/15045"> YAAB - YARH </a> </li> <li> <a title="YARMOUTH - YEVREISKAYA BIBLIOTEKA" href="/directory/Y/15064"> YARM - YEVR </a> </li> <li> <a title="YE谩潞聮ER HA-RA' - YI谩潞聮谩赂陇A谩赂虏 BAR JUDAH" href="/directory/Y/15083"> YEZE - YIZH </a> </li> <li> <a title="YI谩潞聮谩赂陇A谩赂虏 OF MAGDALA - YOM KIPPUR 谩赂虏A谩鹿卢AN" href="/directory/Y/15101"> YIZH - YOMK </a> </li> <li> <a title="YOM-谩鹿卢OB BEN ABRAHAM ISHBILI - YUSUF IBN TESHUFIN" href="/directory/Y/15119"> YOMT - YUSU </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class='notselectedletter'> <a href="#" class="letterlink">Z</a> <ul> <li> <a title="ZABARA, JOSEPH - ZALINSKI, MOSES G." href="/directory/Z/15137"> ZABA - ZALI </a> </li> <li> <a title="ZALMUNNA - 谩潞聮ARFATI, 谩潞聮AREFATI" href="/directory/Z/15155"> ZALM - ZARF </a> </li> <li> <a title="谩潞聮ARFATI - 谩潞聮EBI ASHKENAZI" href="/directory/Z/15173"> ZARF - ZEBI </a> </li> <li> <a title="谩潞聮EBI HIRSCH BEN 谩赂陇AYYIM - 谩潞聮EDE谩赂虏, JOSEPH KOHEN-" href="/directory/Z/15191"> ZEBI - ZEDE </a> </li> <li> <a title="ZEDEKIAH - ZEITLIN, WILLIAM" href="/directory/Z/15209"> ZEDE - ZEIT </a> </li> <li> <a title="ZEITSCHRIFT F脙聹R DIE GESCHICHTE DER JUDEN IN DEUTSCHLAND - ZEPHANIAH BEN MORDECAI TROKI" href="/directory/Z/15227"> ZEIT - ZEPH </a> </li> <li> <a title="ZERAHIAH BEN ISAAC HA-LEVI GERONDI - 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In the fourteenth century, however,... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1627-anusim">ANUSIM</a> – See Maranos. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1628-apamea">APAMEA</a> – Among the many towns bearing this name, the following are of importance with reference to Jews:1. Capital of the province of Apamene, Syria; situated on the Orontes, south of Antioch. Like the other cities of Syria (Josephus,... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1629-apella">APELLA</a> – A real or fictitious name of a Jew referred to by Horace as extremely credulous. Credulity seemed to the Roman writers synonymous with Jewish beliefs in general, and "Apella," from Horace's expression "credat Jud忙us Apella"... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1630-apelles-of-ascalon">APELLES OF ASCALON</a> – Counselor and companion of the emperor Caligula (37-41). After a career of debauchery he went on the stage and became a tragic actor (Philo, "De Legatione ad Cajum," xxx.). Apelles was imbued with a deep-seated hatred of the... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1631-apes">APES</a> – Biblical Data: These animals are mentioned in I Kings, x. 22, and the parallel passage in II Chron. ix. 21, as having been brought, with gold, silver, ivory, and peacocks, by ships of Tarshish from Ophir (compare II Chron. viii.... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1632-apharsachites">APHARSACHITES</a> – A tribe living in Samaria, who objected to the building of the Temple by the Jews, and brought the matter to the attention of Darius (Ezra, iv. 9, v. 6, vi. 6). They had been transported to Samaria by Asnapper (Ezra, iv. 9).... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1633-apharsites">APHARSITES</a> – Assyrian subjects transplanted into Samaria by Asnapper. In Ezra, iv. 9, they are found intriguing against the Jews, and this led Artaxerxes to issue orders for the building of the Temple to cease. G. B. L. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1634-aphek">APHEK</a> – The name of several places mentioned in the Old Testament, of which the most famous was the scene of a severe defeat of Ben-hadad II. of Damascus by Ahab, king of Israel (I Kings, xx. 29 et seq.). See Aphek, Battle of. The site... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1635-aphek-the-battle-of">APHEK, THE BATTLE OF</a> – This event, described in I Kings, xx. 26-34, was one of the most notable in the prolonged warfare between northern Israel and the Arameans of Damascus. The Syrians, who, under Ben-hadad II., had been defeated by Israel the year... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1636-aphorisms">APHORISMS</a> – See Maxims. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1637-aphraates-the-persian-sage">APHRAATES, THE PERSIAN SAGE</a> – The name by which a Syrian homilist of the fourth century was known. His homilies, written between the years 337 and 345, are valuable to the Jewish historian; for it may be confidently asserted that no church father was ever so... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1638-aphraschus-rachmailowicz">APHRASCHUS RACHMAILOWICZ</a> – See Affras Rachmaelovich. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1639-aphrodite">APHRODITE</a> – Greek name for the goddess of love. Among Orientals, addicted to sensuality, she was worshiped under many forms and figures. The word 'A蠁蟻艒未委蟿畏 (Aphtoret, Aphrotet, Aphrodet), which can not be satisfactorily derived from Greek,... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1640-apikoros">API岣睴ROS</a> – In common Jewish parlance this word is used to signify that a man is a heretic, unsound in his belief, or lax in his religious practise. The word is derived from the Greek 'E蟺喂魏蠉蟻艒蟼;, but Maimonides (Commentary on the Mishnah,... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1641-apion">APION</a> – His Political Activity. A Greek grammarian and sophist of Alexandria, noted for his bitter hatred of the Jews; born in the Great Oasis of Egypt between 20 and 30 B.C., died probably at Rome between 45 and 48. As Joel ("Angriffe... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1642-apocalypse">APOCALYPSE</a> – I. The Terms "Apocalypse" and "Apocalyptic." An "Apocalypse," in the terminology of early Jewish and Christian literature, is a revelation of hidden things given by God to some one of his chosen saints or (still oftener) the... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1643-apocalyptic-literature-neo-hebraic">APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE, NEO-HEBRAIC</a> – Growth Out of the Older. The Neo-Hebraic apocalyptic forms but one branch of Apocalyptic Literature, a species of literature exhibiting many ramifications, and represented in a complex but unbroken chain, from the time of the... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1644-apocrypha">APOCRYPHA</a> – I. The most general definition of Apocrypha is, Writings having some pretension to the character of sacred scripture, or received as such by certain sects, but excluded from the canon (see Canon).The history of the earlier usage... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1645-apolant-eduard">APOLANT, EDUARD</a> – German physician; born at Jastrow, city in Westpreussen, Prussia, Aug. 21, 1847. He was educated at the gymnasium at Deutsch-Krone and at the University of Berlin, where he received the degree of doctor of medicine in 1870. He... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1646-apollinaris">APOLLINARIS</a> – Bishop of Hierapolis, Phrygia, in 170; author of an "Apology for the Christian Faith," which he addressed to Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. He wrote also two books "Pros Ioudaious" (Against the Jews) and other works against... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1647-apollonius">APOLLONIUS</a> – One of the Judeans who, about 130 B.C., went to Rome to make a covenant or league of friendship with the Romans. He was called by Josephus, "the son of Alexander." See John Hyrcanus.Bibliography: Josephus. Ant. xiii. 9, 搂 2,... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1648-apollonius">APOLLONIUS</a> – Greek rhetorician and anti-Jewish writer; flourishedin the first century B.C. He is usually, but not always, designated by the name of his father, Molon. He was called by his patronymic mainly to distinguish him from his... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1649-apollonius-of-tyana">APOLLONIUS OF TYANA</a> – Pythagorean philosopher and necromancer; born about the year 3 B.C.; died, according to some sources, in the thirtyeighth year of his age. In Arabic literature his name is cited in the form "Balinas" or "Belenus," which has... </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/articles/1650-apollos">APOLLOS</a> – A learned Jew of Alexandria, and colaborer of Paul. Of him the following is told (Acts xviii. 24-28): He came (about 56) to Ephesus, as "an eloquent man and mighty in the Scriptures," to preach and to teach in the synagogue; and... </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="ft" class="yui3-u-1"> <div class="yui3-g"> <div id="footer-nav" class="yui3-u-2-5"> <div class="title">About Jewish Encyclopedia</div> <ul> <li><a href="/literary_directorate_listing">Literary Directorate Listing</a></li> <li><a href="/preface">Preface</a></li> <li><a href="/synopsis_of_jewish_encyclopedia">Synopsis of Jewish Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/systems_of_transliteration_citation_of_proper_names">Systems of Transliteration Citation of Proper Names</a></li> <li><a href="/abbreviations_listings">Abbreviations Listings</a></li> <li><a href="/list_of_patrons">List of Patrons</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="kopelmanlogo" class="yui3-u-1-5"> <a href="http://www.kopelman.org"><img alt="Funded by The Kopelman Foundation" src="/images/logo-foundation.jpg" /></a> </div> <div id="copyright" class="yui3-u-2-5"> <em>©2002-2021, JewishEncyclopedia.com. 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