CINXE.COM

Albania | Ethnologue

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" version="XHTML+RDFa 1.0" dir="ltr" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:article="http://ogp.me/ns/article#" xmlns:book="http://ogp.me/ns/book#" xmlns:profile="http://ogp.me/ns/profile#" xmlns:video="http://ogp.me/ns/video#" xmlns:product="http://ogp.me/ns/product#" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"> <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL","20190523051053","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1558588253"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(e,n,t){function r(t){if(!n[t]){var o=n[t]={exports:{}};e[t][0].call(o.exports,function(n){var o=e[t][1][n];return r(o||n)},o,o.exports)}return n[t].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<t.length;o++)r(t[o]);return r}({1:[function(e,n,t){function r(){}function o(e,n,t){return function(){return i(e,[c.now()].concat(u(arguments)),n?null:this,t),n?void 0:this}}var i=e("handle"),a=e(3),u=e(4),f=e("ee").get("tracer"),c=e("loader"),s=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=s);var p=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],d="api-",l=d+"ixn-";a(p,function(e,n){s[n]=o(d+n,!0,"api")}),s.addPageAction=o(d+"addPageAction",!0),s.setCurrentRouteName=o(d+"routeName",!0),n.exports=newrelic,s.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(e,n){var t={},r=this,o="function"==typeof n;return i(l+"tracer",[c.now(),e,t],r),function(){if(f.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[c.now(),r,o],t),o)try{return n.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw f.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],t),e}finally{f.emit("fn-end",[c.now()],t)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(e,n){m[n]=o(l+n)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(e,n){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),i("err",[e,c.now(),!1,n])}},{}],2:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){if(!o)return!1;if(e!==o)return!1;if(!n)return!0;if(!i)return!1;for(var t=i.split("."),r=n.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==t[a])return!1;return!0}var o=null,i=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var u=navigator.userAgent,f=u.match(a);f&&u.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&u.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(o="Safari",i=f[1])}n.exports={agent:o,version:i,match:r}},{}],3:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){var t=[],r="",i=0;for(r in e)o.call(e,r)&&(t[i]=n(r,e[r]),i+=1);return t}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],4:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t){n||(n=0),"undefined"==typeof t&&(t=e?e.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=t-n||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=e[n+r];return i}n.exports=r},{}],5:[function(e,n,t){n.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(e,n,t){function r(){}function o(e){function n(e){return e&&e instanceof r?e:e?f(e,u,i):i()}function t(t,r,o,i){if(!d.aborted||i){e&&e(t,r,o);for(var a=n(o),u=v(t),f=u.length,c=0;c<f;c++)u[c].apply(a,r);var p=s[y[t]];return p&&p.push([b,t,r,a]),a}}function l(e,n){h[e]=v(e).concat(n)}function m(e,n){var t=h[e];if(t)for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++)t[r]===n&&t.splice(r,1)}function v(e){return h[e]||[]}function g(e){return p[e]=p[e]||o(t)}function w(e,n){c(e,function(e,t){n=n||"feature",y[t]=n,n in s||(s[n]=[])})}var h={},y={},b={on:l,addEventListener:l,removeEventListener:m,emit:t,get:g,listeners:v,context:n,buffer:w,abort:a,aborted:!1};return b}function i(){return new r}function a(){(s.api||s.feature)&&(d.aborted=!0,s=d.backlog={})}var u="nr@context",f=e("gos"),c=e(3),s={},p={},d=n.exports=o();d.backlog=s},{}],gos:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t){if(o.call(e,n))return e[n];var r=t();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return e[n]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t,r){o.buffer([e],r),o.emit(e,n,t)}var o=e("ee").get("handle");n.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(e,n,t){function r(e){var n=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==n&&"function"!==n?-1:e===window?0:a(e,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=e("gos");n.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(e,n,t){function r(){if(!E++){var e=x.info=NREUM.info,n=l.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(s.abort,3e4),!(e&&e.licenseKey&&e.applicationID&&n))return s.abort();c(y,function(n,t){e[n]||(e[n]=t)}),f("mark",["onload",a()+x.offset],null,"api");var t=l.createElement("script");t.src="https://"+e.agent,n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n)}}function o(){"complete"===l.readyState&&i()}function i(){f("mark",["domContent",a()+x.offset],null,"api")}function a(){return O.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(u=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),u))-x.offset}var u=(new Date).getTime(),f=e("handle"),c=e(3),s=e("ee"),p=e(2),d=window,l=d.document,m="addEventListener",v="attachEvent",g=d.XMLHttpRequest,w=g&&g.prototype;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:d.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:g,REQ:d.Request,EV:d.Event,PR:d.Promise,MO:d.MutationObserver};var h=""+location,y={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1123.min.js"},b=g&&w&&w[m]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),x=n.exports={offset:u,now:a,origin:h,features:{},xhrWrappable:b,userAgent:p};e(1),l[m]?(l[m]("DOMContentLoaded",i,!1),d[m]("load",r,!1)):(l[v]("onreadystatechange",o),d[v]("onload",r)),f("mark",["firstbyte",u],null,"api");var E=0,O=e(5)},{}]},{},["loader"]);</script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053im_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/favicon.ico?pqxo1v" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=2.5, minimum-scale=1, user-scalable=yes"/> <meta name="description" content="A profile of the languages in Albania. See language lists, maps, statistics, and more."/> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Ethnologue"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Albania"/> <meta property="og:description" content="A profile of the languages in Albania. See language lists, maps, statistics, and more."/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@theEthnologue"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Ethnologue" href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/default/files/ethnologuedotcom.xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20190523051053im_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/images/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <title>Albania | Ethnologue</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/ethn_institutional_customer/scripts/requirehttps.php"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://use.typekit.net/uas6grd.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://use.fortawesome.com/6d0c5b64.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script> <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="//html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]--> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/system/system.base.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/system/system.menus.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/system/system.messages.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/system/system.theme.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/minified/jquery.ui.core.min.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/minified/jquery.ui.theme.min.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/themes/base/minified/jquery.ui.accordion.min.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/calendar/css/calendar_multiday.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/comment/comment.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/profiles/openenterprise/modules/date/date_api/date.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/profiles/openenterprise/modules/date/date_popup/themes/datepicker.1.7.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/field/theme/field.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/logintoboggan/logintoboggan.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/luxe/css/luxe.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/node/node.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/search/search.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/modules/user/user.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/profiles/openenterprise/modules/views/css/views.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/recurly_paywall/css/recurly_paywall.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/ethn_paywall/css/ethn_paywall.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/profiles/openenterprise/wysiwyg_align.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/profiles/openenterprise/modules/caption_filter/caption-filter.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/amazon/amazon.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/profiles/openenterprise/modules/ctools/css/ctools.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/lightbox2/css/lightbox.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/profiles/openenterprise/modules/panels/css/panels.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/field_group/field_group.field_ui.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <!--[if lt IE 10]> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/default/files/ctools/css/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <![endif]--> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/css/slicknav.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/alpha/css/alpha-reset.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/alpha/css/alpha-mobile.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/alpha/css/alpha-alpha.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/css/omega-text.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/css/omega-branding.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/css/omega-menu.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/css/global.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/css/context/sub.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <!--[if (lt IE 9)&(!IEMobile)]> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/css/ethn-alpha-default.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/alpha/css/grid/alpha_default/normal/alpha-default-normal-24.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <![endif]--> <!--[if gte IE 9]><!--> <style type="text/css" media="all and (min-width: 740px) and (min-device-width: 740px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 740px) and (orientation:landscape)"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/css/ethn-alpha-default.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/alpha/css/grid/alpha_default/narrow/alpha-default-narrow-24.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if gte IE 9]><!--> <style type="text/css" media="all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/css/ethn-alpha-default.css?pqxo1v"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/alpha/css/grid/alpha_default/normal/alpha-default-normal-24.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <!--<![endif]--> <style type="text/css" media="print"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053cs_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/css/print.css?pqxo1v"); </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery/1.7/jquery.min.js?v=1.7.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/misc/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js?v=1.7.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/misc/jquery.once.js?v=1.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/misc/drupal.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.core.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.widget.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/ui/ui/minified/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js?v=1.10.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/visualization/js/visualization.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/ethn_paywall/scripts/ethn_paywall.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/profiles/openenterprise/modules/caption_filter/js/caption-filter.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/lightbox2/js/lightbox.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/misc/form.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/misc/collapse.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/google_analytics/googleanalytics.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i["GoogleAnalyticsObject"]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,"script","//web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js","ga");ga("create", "UA-20037946-14", {"cookieDomain":"auto"});ga("set", "dimension2", "anonymous user");ga('require', 'linkid', { 'levels': 5 }); var pixelRatio = (window.devicePixelRatio >= 1.5) ? "high" : "normal"; ga('set', 'dimension1', pixelRatio );ga("send", "pageview"); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/recurly_paywall/scripts/jquery.cookie.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/modules/recurly_paywall/scripts/recurly_paywall.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/js/field-stripe.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/js/site-core.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/js/site-menu.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/js/site-search.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/js/jquery.slicknav.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/js/omega-mediaqueries.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/js/omega-equalheights.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/js/jquery.uniform.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/js/site-form.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/js/site-tabs.js?pqxo1v"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"ethn","theme_token":"jpHX6WJCv30JG4GHDhq4P5oMOEiJTapAbbsoeufNEb0","js":{"sites\/all\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.7\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/visualization\/js\/visualization.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ethn_paywall\/scripts\/ethn_paywall.js":1,"profiles\/openenterprise\/modules\/caption_filter\/js\/caption-filter.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/lightbox2\/js\/lightbox.js":1,"misc\/form.js":1,"misc\/collapse.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"0":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/recurly_paywall\/scripts\/jquery.cookie.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/recurly_paywall\/scripts\/recurly_paywall.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/js\/field-stripe.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/js\/site-core.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/js\/site-menu.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/js\/site-search.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/js\/jquery.slicknav.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-mediaqueries.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-equalheights.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/js\/jquery.uniform.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/js\/site-form.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/js\/site-tabs.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.accordion.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/calendar\/css\/calendar_multiday.css":1,"modules\/comment\/comment.css":1,"profiles\/openenterprise\/modules\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"profiles\/openenterprise\/modules\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/logintoboggan\/logintoboggan.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/luxe\/css\/luxe.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"profiles\/openenterprise\/modules\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/recurly_paywall\/css\/recurly_paywall.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ethn_paywall\/css\/ethn_paywall.css":1,"profiles\/openenterprise\/wysiwyg_align.css":1,"profiles\/openenterprise\/modules\/caption_filter\/caption-filter.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/amazon\/amazon.css":1,"profiles\/openenterprise\/modules\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/lightbox2\/css\/lightbox.css":1,"profiles\/openenterprise\/modules\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/field_group\/field_group.field_ui.css":1,"public:\/\/ctools\/css\/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/css\/slicknav.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-mobile.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-alpha.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-branding.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-menu.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/css\/global.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/css\/context\/sub.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/css\/ethn-alpha-default.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/alpha\/css\/grid\/alpha_default\/normal\/alpha-default-normal-24.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/css\/ethn-alpha-default.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/alpha\/css\/grid\/alpha_default\/narrow\/alpha-default-narrow-24.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/css\/ethn-alpha-default.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/alpha\/css\/grid\/alpha_default\/normal\/alpha-default-normal-24.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ethn\/css\/print.css":1}},"lightbox2":{"rtl":0,"file_path":"\/(\\w\\w\/)public:\/","default_image":"\/sites\/all\/modules\/lightbox2\/images\/brokenimage.jpg","border_size":10,"font_color":"000","box_color":"fff","top_position":"","overlay_opacity":"0.8","overlay_color":"000","disable_close_click":true,"resize_sequence":0,"resize_speed":400,"fade_in_speed":400,"slide_down_speed":600,"use_alt_layout":false,"disable_resize":false,"disable_zoom":false,"force_show_nav":false,"show_caption":true,"loop_items":false,"node_link_text":"View Image Details","node_link_target":false,"image_count":"Image !current of !total","video_count":"Video !current of !total","page_count":"Page !current of !total","lite_press_x_close":"press \u003Ca href=\u0022#\u0022 onclick=\u0022hideLightbox(); return FALSE;\u0022\u003E\u003Ckbd\u003Ex\u003C\/kbd\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E to close","download_link_text":"","enable_login":false,"enable_contact":false,"keys_close":"c x 27","keys_previous":"p 37","keys_next":"n 39","keys_zoom":"z","keys_play_pause":"32","display_image_size":"original","image_node_sizes":"()","trigger_lightbox_classes":"","trigger_lightbox_group_classes":"","trigger_slideshow_classes":"","trigger_lightframe_classes":"","trigger_lightframe_group_classes":"","custom_class_handler":0,"custom_trigger_classes":"","disable_for_gallery_lists":true,"disable_for_acidfree_gallery_lists":true,"enable_acidfree_videos":true,"slideshow_interval":5000,"slideshow_automatic_start":true,"slideshow_automatic_exit":true,"show_play_pause":true,"pause_on_next_click":false,"pause_on_previous_click":true,"loop_slides":false,"iframe_width":600,"iframe_height":400,"iframe_border":1,"enable_video":false,"useragent":"arquivo-web-crawler (compatible; heritrix\/3.3.0-SNAPSHOT-2018-05-28T10:30:31Z +http:\/\/arquivo.pt)"},"smart_ip":{"location":{"country_code":"PT","country":"Portugal","region":"","region_code":"","city":"","zip":"","latitude":"","longitude":"","time_zone":"","source":"smart_ip","ip_address":"193.136.192.159","timestamp":1558548593}},"smart_ip_src":{"smart_ip":"smart_ip","geocoded_smart_ip":"geocoded_smart_ip","w3c":"w3c"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/country\/AL":true},"googleanalytics":{"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"recurlyPaywall":{"freePagesLimit":"4","ajaxCheckUrl":"\/recurly-paywall-ajax-check","paywallUrl":"\/recurly-paywall-ajax\/get-curtain-text","cookieNameVisitedUrls":"recurly_paywall_visited_urls","cookieNameUsePaywall":"recurly_paywall_use_paywall","cookieNameRememberPath":"recurly_paywall_path","cookieExpires":"30","delayTime":"750"},"omega":{"layouts":{"primary":"normal","order":["narrow","normal"],"queries":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 740px) and (min-device-width: 740px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 740px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)"}}},"site":{"search_text":"Search Ethnologue..."}}); //--><!]]> </script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-country page-country-al context-country"> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="region region-page-top" id="region-page-top"> <div class="region-inner region-page-top-inner"> </div> </div> <div class="page clearfix" id="page"> <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper clearfix container-24"> <header id="section-header" class="section section-header"> <div id="zone-header-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-header-wrapper clearfix"> <div id="zone-header" class="zone zone-header clearfix container-24"> <!--div id="slicknav-main"></div> <div id="mobile-toggles"--> <!--div title="Menu" class="icon menu"></div--> <!--div title="Search" class="icon search"></div> </div--> <img id="print-logo" src="/web/20190523051053im_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/images/print_logo.gif" alt=""/> <div class="grid-16 region region-user-first" id="region-user-first"> <div class="region-inner region-user-first-inner"> <div class="block block-block block-66 block-block-66 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-66"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <!-- Start of Woopra Code --> <script> (function(){ var t,i,e,n=window,o=document,a=arguments,s="script",r=["config","track","identify","visit","push","call","trackForm","trackClick"],c=function(){var t,i=this;for(i._e=[],t=0;r.length>t;t++)(function(t){i[t]=function(){return i._e.push([t].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0))),i}})(r[t])};for(n._w=n._w||{},t=0;a.length>t;t++)n._w[a[t]]=n[a[t]]=n[a[t]]||new c;i=o.createElement(s),i.async=1,i.src="//web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://static.woopra.com/js/w.js",e=o.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],e.parentNode.insertBefore(i,e) })("woopra"); woopra.config({ domain: 'ethnologue.com' }); woopra.track(); </script> <!-- End of Woopra Code --> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-71 block-block-71 even block-without-title" id="block-block-71"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://use.fortawesome.com/6d0c5b64.js"></script> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-271 block-block-271 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-271"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <style> .aa-col-left { width: 90%; display: inline-block; } .aa-col-right { width: 10%; display: inline-block; color: #ddd; vertical-align: top; } .aa-col-right span { display: inline-block; padding-top: 49%; text-align: uppercase; } .aa-input-container { display: inline-block; position: relative; } .aa-input-search { width: 300px; padding: 7px 6px 6px 28px !important; border: 2px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-transition: .2s; transition: .2s; font-family: "Myriad-Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 11px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333; -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; } .aa-input-search::-webkit-search-decoration, .aa-input-search::-webkit-search-cancel-button, .aa-input-search::-webkit-search-results-button, .aa-input-search::-webkit-search-results-decoration { display: none; } .aa-input-search:focus { outline: 0; border-color: #3a96cf; box-shadow: 4px 4px 0 rgba(58, 150, 207, 0.1); } .aa-input-icon { height: 16px; width: 16px; position: absolute; top: 48%; left: 9px; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); fill: #e4e4e4; pointer-events: none; } .aa-hint { color: #e4e4e4; } .aa-dropdown-menu { background-color: #fff; border: 2px solid rgba(228, 228, 228, 0.6); border-top-width: 0; font-family: "Myriad-Pro", sans-serif; width: 218px; margin-top: 10px; box-shadow: 4px 4px 0 rgba(241, 241, 241, 0.35); font-size: 11px; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; } .aa-empty, .aa-suggestion a { border-top: 1px solid #efefef; text-decoration: none; padding: 8px 12px 6px; cursor: pointer; -webkit-transition: .2s; transition: .2s; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: block; -webkit-box-pack: justify; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .aa-suggestion:hover, .aa-suggestion.aa-cursor { background-color: rgba(241, 241, 241, 0.35); } .aa-suggestion a .title { display: block; font-size: 13px; color: #000; } .aa-suggestion a .subtitle { color: #a9a9a9; } .aa-suggestion .promo { background-color: rgba(253, 255, 228, 0.6); } .aa-suggestion .promo:hover { background-color: rgba(247, 249, 218, 1); } .aa-suggestions-category { text-transform: uppercase; border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(228, 228, 228, 0.6); border-top: 2px solid rgba(228, 228, 228, 0.6); padding: 6px 12px; color: #a9a9a9; } .aa-suggestion a em { font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; background-color: rgba(58, 150, 207, 0.1); padding: 2px 0 2px 2px; } #aa-search-input { font-family: expo-serif-pro, serif; font-size: 14px !important; border-radius: 20px !important; width: 218px !important; margin-top: -2px; } .aa-empty { padding: 11px 12px 12px; text-align: center; cursor: initial; } .aa-empty .title { margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 8px; } .aa-empty hr { width: 120px; margin: auto; background: #efefef; } .aa-empty .description { margin-top: 5px; display: block; line-height: 1.3; color: #a9a9a9; } </style> <!-- HTML Markup --> <div class="aa-input-container" id="aa-input-container"> <input type="text" id="aa-search-input" class="aa-input-search" placeholder="Find a language or country..." name="search" autocomplete="off"/> <svg class="aa-input-icon" viewbox="654 -372 1664 1664"> <path d="M1806,332c0-123.3-43.8-228.8-131.5-316.5C1586.8-72.2,1481.3-116,1358-116s-228.8,43.8-316.5,131.5 C953.8,103.2,910,208.7,910,332s43.8,228.8,131.5,316.5C1129.2,736.2,1234.7,780,1358,780s228.8-43.8,316.5-131.5 C1762.2,560.8,1806,455.3,1806,332z M2318,1164c0,34.7-12.7,64.7-38,90s-55.3,38-90,38c-36,0-66-12.7-90-38l-343-342 c-119.3,82.7-252.3,124-399,124c-95.3,0-186.5-18.5-273.5-55.5s-162-87-225-150s-113-138-150-225S654,427.3,654,332 s18.5-186.5,55.5-273.5s87-162,150-225s138-113,225-150S1262.7-372,1358-372s186.5,18.5,273.5,55.5s162,87,225,150s113,138,150,225 S2062,236.7,2062,332c0,146.7-41.3,279.7-124,399l343,343C2305.7,1098.7,2318,1128.7,2318,1164z"/> </svg> </div> <!-- Include AlgoliaSearch JS Client and autocomplete.js library --> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/algoliasearch/3/algoliasearch.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053js_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/autocomplete.js@0.28.2/dist/autocomplete.min.js"></script> <!-- Initialize Woopra tracking for search --> <script> var url = window.location.pathname document.getElementById("aa-search-input").onclick = function() { woopra.track("search-input", { path: url }); }; </script> <!-- Initialize autocomplete menu --> <script> var client = algoliasearch("2RP8PHQQI3", "45348df641ea37f730d2938add600be1"); var countries = client.initIndex('countries_22'); var macrolanguages = client.initIndex('macrolanguages_22'); var languages = client.initIndex('languages_22'); var alt = client.initIndex('alt_22'); var autonyms = client.initIndex('autonyms_22'); //initialize autocomplete on search input (ID selector must match) autocomplete('#aa-search-input', { hint: false, openOnFocus: true, templates: { empty: '<i class="icon icon-magnifying-glass icon-3x"></i><h5 class="title">No Results Found</h5><hr><span class="description">Try adjusting your search terms. You can search by country and language.</span>' } }, [ { source: autocomplete.sources.hits(countries, {hitsPerPage: 1}), displayKey: 'country_name', templates: { suggestion: function(suggestion) { return '<a href="/country/' + suggestion.country_code +'" class="promo"><span class="title">' + suggestion._highlightResult.country_name.value + '</span><span class="subtitle">A country in ' + suggestion.country_in + '</span></a>'; } } }, { source: autocomplete.sources.hits(macrolanguages, {hitsPerPage: 1}), displayKey: 'macrolanguage_name', templates: { suggestion: function(suggestion) { return '<a href="/language/' + suggestion.iso_639 +'" class="promo"><div class="aa-col-left"><span class="title">' + suggestion._highlightResult.macrolanguage_name.value + '</span><span class="subtitle">A macrolanguage of ' + suggestion.language_of + '</span></div><div class="aa-col-right"><span>' + suggestion.iso_639 + '</span></div></a>'; } } }, { source: autocomplete.sources.hits(languages, {hitsPerPage: 3}), displayKey: 'language_name', templates: { suggestion: function(suggestion) { return '<a href="/language/' + suggestion.iso_639 +'"><div class="aa-col-left"><span class="title">' + suggestion._highlightResult.language_name.value + '</span><span class="subtitle">A language of ' + suggestion.language_of + '</span></div><div class="aa-col-right"><span>' + suggestion.iso_639 + '</span></div></a>'; } } }, { source: autocomplete.sources.hits(alt, {hitsPerPage: 3}), displayKey: 'name', templates: { suggestion: function(suggestion) { return '<a href="/language/' + suggestion.iso_639 +'"><div class="aa-col-left"><span class="title">' + suggestion._highlightResult.name.value + '</span><span class="subtitle">' + suggestion.nametype_lower + ' ' + suggestion.langname + '</span></div><div class="aa-col-right"><span>' + suggestion.iso_639 + '</span></div></a>'; } } } ]).on('autocomplete:selected', function(event, suggestion, dataset) { window.location = "/language/"+suggestion["iso_639"]; }); </script> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-131 block-block-131 even block-without-title" id="block-block-131"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <style>.block-menu-block .block-title a { font-size: 15.4px; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-151 block-block-151 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-151"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <script> var _prum = [['id', '57a5f1d1abe53d2d78eaa446'], ['mark', 'firstbyte', (new Date()).getTime()]]; (function() { var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0] , p = document.createElement('script'); p.async = 'async'; p.src = '//web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://rum-static.pingdom.net/prum.min.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(p, s); })(); </script> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-171 block-block-171 even block-without-title" id="block-block-171"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <style> .recurlyjs-billing-info { display: table; } .recurlyjs-total { text-align: right; } .webform-client-form input.form-text, #user-register-form input.form-text, #user-login input.form-text, #user-pass input.form-text, #user-profile-form input.form-text { font-size: 18px; padding: 12px 9px 8px 9px; font-family: 'expo-serif-pro'; font-weight: 400; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px; color: #222; } .webform-client-form .form-textarea { font-size: 18px; padding: 11px 9px 8px 9px; font-family: 'expo-serif-pro'; font-weight: 400; margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px; color: #222; } .webform-client-form label, #user-register-form label, #user-login label, #user-pass label, #user-profile-form label { color: #555; } .confirm-parent, .password-parent { width: 38.7em; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-256 block-block-256 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-256"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <style> .form-item-name { margin-top: 0; } .page-toboggan-denied .description, .page-toboggan-denied .print-link, .page-toboggan-denied .form-required { display: none; } .page-toboggan-denied div.button span { line-height: 1em; } .page-toboggan-denied #uniform-edit-submit { border-radius: 3px; font-size: 17.2px; background-color: rgba(62, 124, 0, 0.78); width: 100%; height: 40px; padding-top: 6px; text-align: center; background-image: none; } .page-toboggan-denied #uniform-edit-submit span { background-image: none; font-family: "Myriad-Pro","PT Sans", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif; } .page-toboggan-denied #uniform-edit-submit:hover { background-color: rgba(62, 124, 0, 1); } @media (min-width: 481px) { .page-toboggan-denied .section-content .section-wrapper, .page-toboggan-denied #zone-content { background: #f5fafd; } .page-toboggan-denied #region-content .region-inner { max-width: 375px; margin: 0 auto; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 3px; padding: 30px 45px 30px 45px; background-color: #fff; } } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-231 block-block-231 even block-without-title" id="block-block-231"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <style> #region-menu nav>ul>li>a { font-family: 'myriad-pro', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; padding: 7px 9px 6px; text-transform: none; } #region-user-second ul.menu li { margin-left: -3px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3); } #region-user-second ul.menu li a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); font-size: 0.95em; padding: 8px 10px; } #region-user-second ul li a.account { background-color: rgba(0,84,127,0.54); margin: 0 6px 0 3px; border-radius: 3px; text-transform: capitalize; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-176 block-block-176 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-176"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <style> .messages { font-size: 14px; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-206 block-block-206 even block-without-title" id="block-block-206"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <style> .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .cta .current { display: inline-block; background-color: #ccc; border-radius: 5px; color: #FFF; display: inline-block; line-height: 1; padding: 12px 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 17.2px; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .cta a { display: inline-block; background-color: #3E7C00; border-radius: 5px; color: #FFF; display: inline-block; line-height: 1; padding: 12px 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; font-size: 17.2px; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .cta a:hover { background-color: #4d9900; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table .cell { border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 5px; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table h4 { text-align: center; font-size: 18px !important; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table p { margin-bottom: 25px; font-family: 'expo-serif-pro'; text-align: center; float: none; font-size: 14px; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .icon-ul li { list-style: none; font-family: 'expo-serif-pro'; margin-bottom: 4px; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table .icon-ul { margin-bottom: 15px; display: inline-block; text-align: left; margin-left: 8px; font-size: 14px; float: none; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table .icon-ul li { margin-bottom: 0; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table .icon { padding-right: 2px; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table .cta { text-align: center; margin: 16px 0 5px; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table .amount { line-height: 1; font-weight: normal; padding: 14px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .pricing-table small { font-size: 80%; } .recurly-paywall-curtain-w .plan-category { font-weight: 300; } </style> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-8 region region-user-second" id="region-user-second"> <div class="region-inner region-user-second-inner"> <div class="block block-system block-menu block-user-menu block-system-user-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-system-user-menu"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <ul class="menu inline"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/user/login?current=country/AL">Login</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/cart/my" style="text-transform: capitalize;">Shopping cart</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-24 prefix-2 region region-branding alpha" id="region-branding"> <div class="region-inner region-branding-inner"> <div class="branding-data clearfix"> <div class="logo-img"> <a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/" rel="home" title="Ethnologue"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053im_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/all/themes/ethn/logo.png?pqxo1v" alt="Ethnologue" id="logo"/></a> </div> <hgroup class="site-name-slogan"> <h2 class="site-name element-invisible"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/" title="Home">Ethnologue</a></h2> </hgroup> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-24 region region-menu" id="region-menu"> <div class="region-inner region-menu-inner"> <nav class="navigation"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/names">Languages</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/countries">Countries</a></li> <li class="leaf subscribe-ip"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/products">Products</a></li> <li class="leaf subscribe-ip"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/subscribe">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="last collapsed"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/about">About</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="separator"></div> </div> <div class="separator"></div> </div><div id="zone-header-second-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-header-second-wrapper clearfix"> <div id="zone-header-second" class="zone zone-header-second clearfix container-24"> <div class="grid-24 region region-header-first" id="region-header-first"> <div class="region-inner region-header-first-inner"> </div> </div> <div class="separator"></div> </div> <div class="separator"></div> </div></header> <section id="section-content" class="section section-content"> <div class="section-wrapper clearfix container-24"> <div id="zone-content-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-content-wrapper clearfix"> <div id="zone-content" class="zone zone-content clearfix container-24"> <div class="grid-18 region region-content" id="region-content"> <div class="region-inner region-content-inner"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="title-wrapper"> <h1 class="title" id="page-title">Albania</h1> <a class="print-link" href="javascript:window.print();">Print</a> </div> <div class="tabs clearfix"><h2 class="element-invisible">Primary tabs</h2><ul class="tabs primary clearfix"><li class="active"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL" class="active">Country<span class="element-invisible">(active tab)</span></a></li><li><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL/languages">Languages</a></li><li><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL/status">Status</a></li><li><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL/maps">Maps</a></li><li><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL/feedback">Feedback</a></li></ul></div> <div class="block block-block block-41 block-block-41 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-41"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <div style="display:none;"> <div data-swiftype-name="title" data-swiftype-type="string">Albania</div> <div data-swiftype-name="summary" data-swiftype-type="string">A country in Europe</div> <div data-swiftype-name="body" data-swiftype-type="text">The number of individual languages listed for Albania is 8. All are living languages. Of these, 5 are indigenous and 3 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 2 are institutional, 5 are developing, and 1 is in trouble.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-system block-main block-system-main even block-without-title" id="block-system-main"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="view view-country view-id-country view-display-id-page view-dom-id-a248f1f6a14491361bfa99f2a3858032"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-other-names"> <em class="views-label views-label-field-other-names">Official Name</em> <div class="field-content">Republic of Albania</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-population"> <span class="views-label views-label-field-population">Population Full</span> <div class="field-content"><p>2,904,000 (2016 UNDESA)</p> </div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-national-languages"> <em class="views-label views-label-field-national-languages">Principal Languages</em> <div class="field-content">Tosk Albanian</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-literacy-rate"> <em class="views-label views-label-field-literacy-rate">Literacy Rate</em> <div class="field-content">97% (Roser and Ortiz-Ospina 2018)</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-immigrant-languages"> <em class="views-label views-label-field-immigrant-languages">Immigrant Languages</em> <div class="field-content">Italian (520), Turkish (710), Venetian</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-country-references"> <em class="views-label views-label-field-country-references">General References</em> <div class="field-content">Campbell and King 2011, Comrie 1987, Vidoeski 1983, Messing 1980, Newmark et al 1982</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-deaf-population"> <em class="views-label views-label-field-deaf-population">Deaf Population</em> <div class="field-content">204,570 (1998)</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-language-counts"> <em class="views-label views-label-field-language-counts">Language Counts</em> <div class="field-content">The number of individual languages listed for Albania is 8. All are living languages. Of these, 5 are indigenous and 3 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 2 are institutional, 5 are developing, and 1 is in trouble.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-15 block-block-15 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-15"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { $('.view-country .horizontal-tabs-list li.horizontal-tab-button-0 a').click(function() { window.location.hash = "node_country_full_group_tab_country"; }); $('.view-country .horizontal-tabs-list li.horizontal-tab-button-1 a').click(function() { window.location.hash = "node_country_full_group_tab_languages"; }); $('.view-country .horizontal-tabs-list li.horizontal-tab-button-2 a').click(function() { window.location.hash = "node_country_full_group_tab_lang_status"; }); $('.view-country .horizontal-tabs-list li.horizontal-tab-button-3 a').click(function() { window.location.hash = "node_country_full_group_tab_maps"; }); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><aside class="grid-6 region region-sidebar-second" id="region-sidebar-second"> <div class="separator"></div> <div class="region-inner region-sidebar-second-inner"> <div class="block block-ethn-country block-ethn-country-graph block-ethn-country-ethn-country-graph odd" id="block-ethn-country-ethn-country-graph"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Language Status Profile</h2> <div class="content clearfix"> <a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/profile/AL"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053im_/https://www.ethnologue.com/sites/default/files/styles/egids_block_graph/public/graphs/22/full-AL.png?itok=hbNSb-EZ" alt=""/></a><div>Click to enlarge with explanation</div> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-views block-product-catalog-block-1 block-views-product-catalog-block-1 even" id="block-views-product-catalog-block-1"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Ethnologue Products</h2> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="view view-product-catalog view-id-product_catalog view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-484764eb5af21bbdb53cb2543aff9c0e"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div about="/product/22-Digest-AL" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" id="node-product-502446" class="ds-1col node node-product node-promoted node-teaser view-mode-teaser node-published node-not-sticky author-ethnologueeditor odd clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field field-name-ethn-product-linked-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/product/22-Digest-AL">Languages of Albania</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p><em>An Ethnologue Country Digest</em>, 21 pp.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="commerce-product-field commerce-product-field-commerce-price field-commerce-price node-502446-product-commerce-price"><div class="field field-name-commerce-price field-type-commerce-price field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even">$19.95</div> </div> </div> </div><form class="commerce-add-to-cart commerce-cart-add-to-cart-form-11501" autocomplete="off" action="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AL" method="post" id="commerce-cart-add-to-cart-form-11501" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><input type="hidden" name="product_id" value="11501"/> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-EUK4B31_nk9bqRgeAkgUEHPghzU5f1EIlivkQU7im7A"/> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="commerce_cart_add_to_cart_form_11501"/> <div id="edit-line-item-fields" class="form-wrapper"></div><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Add to cart" class="form-submit"/></div></form></div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/products">Browse all products</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-ethn-subscribe block-ethn-subscribe-ethn-subscribe odd" id="block-ethn-subscribe-ethn-subscribe"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Join the conversation</h2> <div class="content clearfix"> <p><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/user/login">Create a free account</a> to post Feedback about a country or language and be notified when others do the same.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside></div> <div class="separator"></div> </div> </div> </section> <footer id="section-footer" class="section section-footer"> <div id="zone-footer-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-footer-wrapper clearfix"> <div id="zone-footer" class="zone zone-footer clearfix container-24"> <div class="grid-4 suffix-1 region region-footer-first" id="region-footer-first"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-first-inner"> <div class="block block-menu block-menu-footer-menu-1 block-menu-menu-footer-menu-1 odd" id="block-menu-menu-footer-menu-1"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Browse by</h2> <div class="content clearfix"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/countries" title="">Countries</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/names" title="">Language Names</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/codes" title="">Language Codes</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/families" title="">Language Families</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/language-of-the-day" title="">Language of the Day</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/maps" title="">Map Titles</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-4 suffix-1 region region-footer-second" id="region-footer-second"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-second-inner"> <div class="block block-menu block-menu-footer-menu-2 block-menu-menu-footer-menu-2 odd" id="block-menu-menu-footer-menu-2"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Current Edition</h2> <div class="content clearfix"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/about/this-edition">About the 22nd Edition</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/credits">Credits</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/how-many-languages">Number of Languages</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/codes">Code Tables</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/faq">FAQ</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-4 suffix-1 region region-footer-third" id="region-footer-third"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-third-inner"> <div class="block block-menu-block block-7 block-menu-block-7 odd" id="block-menu-block-7"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/products" title="">Products</a></h2> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-7 menu-name-menu-footer-menu-3 parent-mlid-29651 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-31881 subscribe-ip"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/subscribe">Subscription</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-24281"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/products">Digests</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-24286"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/books" title="">Books</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-29656"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/maps" title="">Maps</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-24291"><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/data-consulting" title="">Data &amp; Consulting</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-4 suffix-1 region region-footer-fourth" id="region-footer-fourth"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-fourth-inner"> <div class="block block-block block-2 block-block-2 odd" id="block-block-2"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <h2 class="block-title">Related Sites</h2> <div class="content clearfix"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/archive" title="Ethnologue Archive" target="_blank">Ethnologue Archive</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/http://www.sil.org/" title="SIL.org" target="_blank">SIL.org</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/http://www.scriptsource.org/" title="ScriptSource" target="_blank">ScriptSource</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://iso639-3.sil.org/" title="ISO 639-3" target="_blank">ISO 639-3</a></li> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-4 region region-footer-fifth" id="region-footer-fifth"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-fifth-inner"> <div class="block block-block block-316 block-block-316 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-316"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <style> .region-footer-fifth a.sil { bottom: inherit; top: 2.75em; } .icon-twitter:hover, .icon-facebook-official:hover { text-decoration: none !important; color: #e5e5e5 !important; } </style> <p class="address">Ethnologue<br/> by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://www.sil.org/">SIL International</a><br/> </p> <a class="contact" title="Contact Us" id="intercom" href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#036d66373b65796d35436a6d606c6e6a6d642d6a6d776671606c6e2d6a6c"><u>Contact us</u></a> <br/> <br/> <p class="contact"> <p>Find Ethnologue on:</p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://twitter.com/theEthnologue" class="icon icon-link icon-twitter" style="font-size: 1.75em;"></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://www.facebook.com/theEthnologue/" class="icon icon-link icon-facebook-official" style="font-size: 1.75em;padding-left: 3px;"></a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-24 region region-footer-sixth" id="region-footer-sixth"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-sixth-inner"> <div class="block block-block block-9 block-block-9 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-9"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <p>This web edition of the<em> Ethnologue</em> may be cited as:聽 Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2019. <em>Ethnologue: Languages of the World.</em> Twenty-second edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: <a id="footer-home" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/http://www.ethnologue.com/" target="_blank">http://www.ethnologue.com</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-10 block-block-10 even block-without-title" id="block-block-10"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <!-- <ul> <li class="sm-fb"><a href="http://www.facebook.com"target="_blank"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> <li class="sm-gp"><a href="http://google.com" target="_blank"><span>Google+</span></a></li> <li class="sm-tw"><a href="http://twitter.com" target="_blank"><span>Twitter</span></a></li> <li class="sm-li"><a href="http://linkedin.com" target="_blank"><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li> </ul> --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-24 region region-footer-bottom" id="region-footer-bottom"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-bottom-inner"> <div class="block block-block block-4 block-block-4 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-4"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> Copyright 漏 2019 SIL International </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-11 block-block-11 even block-without-title" id="block-block-11"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <a href="/web/20190523051053/https://www.ethnologue.com/terms-use" title="Terms of Use">Terms of Use | Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> </div><div class="block block-block block-86 block-block-86 odd block-without-title" id="block-block-86"> <div class="block-inner clearfix"> <div class="content clearfix"> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/web/20190523051053js_/https://www.ethnologue.com/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> /* Replace 'APP_ID' with your app ID */ window.intercomSettings = { app_id: 'ne48fzn6', custom_launcher_selector: '#intercom' }; /* Replace 'APP_ID' with your app ID */ (function(){var w=window;var ic=w.Intercom;if(typeof ic==="function"){ic('reattach_activator');ic('update',intercomSettings);}else{var d=document;var i=function(){i.c(arguments)};i.q=[];i.c=function(args){i.q.push(args)};w.Intercom=i;function l(){var s=d.createElement('script');s.type='text/javascript';s.async=true;s.src='https://web.archive.org/web/20190523051053/https://widget.intercom.io/widget/ne48fzn6';var x=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];x.parentNode.insertBefore(s,x);}if(w.attachEvent){w.attachEvent('onload',l);}else{w.addEventListener('load',l,false);}}})() </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="separator"></div> </div> <div class="separator"></div> </div></footer> </div> </div> <div id="recurly-paywall-counter" class="recurly-paywall-counter">Page Views Left: <span></span></div><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"982e558c2b","applicationID":"21031547","transactionName":"ZQdWY0MEDBdQV0wKDlxNdVRFDA0KHkJRBhZBPURWVgA=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":305,"atts":"SUBVFQseHxk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 05:10:53 May 23, 2019 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 21:27:01 Nov 28, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.514 exclusion.robots: 0.026 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.016 esindex: 0.009 cdx.remote: 10.506 LoadShardBlock: 264.889 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 147.307 (4) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 195.325 (3) load_resource: 99.354 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10