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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Obiščite glavno stran [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod"><span>Naučite se urejati</span></a></li><li id="n-Izbrani-članki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Izbrani_%C4%8Dlanki"><span>Izbrani članki</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Naklju%C4%8Dno" title="Naložite naključno stran [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Naključna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe" title="Seznam zadnjih sprememb Wikipedije [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Zadnje spremembe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-obcestvo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-obcestvo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skupnost </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Vsebina" title="Kraj, kjer lahko prejmete pomoč"><span>Pomoč</span></a></li><li id="n-Pod-lipo" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Pod_lipo"><span>Pod lipo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Portal_skupnosti" title="O projektu, kaj lahko storite, kje lahko kaj najdete"><span>Portal skupnosti</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Stik_z_nami"><span>Stik z nami</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Glavna_stran" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sl.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="prosta enciklopedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sl.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Iskanje" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Preiščite viki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Iskanje</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Iskanje v Wikipediji" aria-label="Iskanje v Wikipediji" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Preiščite viki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Iskanje"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Išči</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osebna orodja"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Videz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Videz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Meka" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Meka" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uporabniški meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl"><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Meka" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Ustvari račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Meka" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijava</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zgodovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zgodovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zgodovina</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Zgodovina-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Zgodovina</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Zgodovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prazgodovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prazgodovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prazgodovina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prazgodovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zgodnja_zgodovina_(do_6._stoletja_n._št.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zgodnja_zgodovina_(do_6._stoletja_n._št.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Zgodnja zgodovina (do 6. stoletja n. št.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zgodnja_zgodovina_(do_6._stoletja_n._št.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pod_Kurejši" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pod_Kurejši"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pod Kurejši</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pod_Kurejši-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mohamed_in_osvojitev_Meke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mohamed_in_osvojitev_Meke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Mohamed in osvojitev Meke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mohamed_in_osvojitev_Meke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Srednji_vek_in_predmoderni_čas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Srednji_vek_in_predmoderni_čas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Srednji vek in predmoderni čas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Srednji_vek_in_predmoderni_čas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderna_zgodovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderna_zgodovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Moderna zgodovina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderna_zgodovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pomen_za_islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pomen_za_islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pomen za islam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pomen_za_islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Pomen za islam</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pomen_za_islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sveta_mošeja_ali_Masjid_al-Haram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sveta_mošeja_ali_Masjid_al-Haram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sveta mošeja ali Masjid al-Haram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sveta_mošeja_ali_Masjid_al-Haram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadž_in_umra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadž_in_umra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hadž in umra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadž_in_umra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jabal_al-Nur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jabal_al-Nur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Jabal al-Nur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jabal_al-Nur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jama_Hira'a" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jama_Hira'a"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Jama Hira'a</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jama_Hira'a-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nemuslimani_v_Meki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nemuslimani_v_Meki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nemuslimani v Meki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nemuslimani_v_Meki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Geografija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nadmorska_višina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nadmorska_višina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nadmorska višina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nadmorska_višina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Topografija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podnebje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podnebje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Podnebje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podnebje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viri_vode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viri_vode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Viri vode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viri_vode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gospodarstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gospodarstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gospodarstvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gospodarstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Človeški_viri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Človeški_viri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Človeški viri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Človeški_viri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Kultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Šport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Šport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arhitekturne_znamenitosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arhitekturne_znamenitosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Arhitekturne znamenitosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arhitekturne_znamenitosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glej_tudi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glej_tudi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Glej tudi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glej_tudi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opombe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opombe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Opombe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opombe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sklici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sklici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sklici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sklici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zunanje_povezave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zunanje_povezave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Zunanje povezave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zunanje_povezave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 193 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-193" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">193 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meukah" title="Meukah – ačejščina" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meukah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ačejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – afrikanščina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – nemščina (Švica)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemščina (Švica)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8A%AB" title="መካ – amharščina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Meca" title="A Meca – aragonščina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="A Meca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izbrani članek"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="مكة – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="مكة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مكة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D9%87" title="مكه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مكه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কা – asamščina" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মক্কা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – asturijščina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – avarščina" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – avadščina" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99kk%C9%99" title="Məkkə – azerbajdžanščina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məkkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Мәккә – baškirščina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәккә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah – balijščina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mekkah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – beloruščina" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="beloruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мэка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)" title="मक्का (शहर) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मक्का (शहर)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কা – bengalščina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মক্কা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ཁ། – tibetanščina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ཁ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – bretonščina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – bosanščina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokkah" title="Mokkah – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Mokkah" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – čečenščina" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – sebuanščina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%A9%DB%95" title="مەککە – osrednja kurdščina" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەککە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="osrednja kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – krimska tatarščina" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimska tatarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – čuvaščina" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – valižanščina" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valižanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka" title="Maka – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Maka" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izbrani članek"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A7" title="މައްކާ – diveščina" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މައްކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="diveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Μέκκα – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέκκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dober članek"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekko" title="Mekko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mekko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – ferščina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mecque" title="La Mecque – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Mecque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – severna frizijščina" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severna frizijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meche" title="La Meche – furlanščina" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="La Meche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – zahodna frizijščina" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zahodna frizijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meice" title="Meice – irščina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – škotska gelščina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotska gelščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Meca" title="A Meca – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A Meca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ka" title="Méka – gvaranijščina" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Méka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah – gorontalščina" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Mekkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌰 – gotščina" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="મક્કા – gudžaratščina" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મક્કા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – havščina" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="havščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – havajščina" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%94" title="מכה – hebrejščina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)" title="मक्का (शहर) – hindijščina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मक्का (शहर)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – hrvaščina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – gornja lužiška srbščina" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="gornja lužiška srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Մեքքա – armenščina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեքքա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Մեքքա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մեքքա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – ilokanščina" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – inguščina" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – islandščina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mecca" title="La Mecca – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La Mecca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB" title="メッカ – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メッカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/makax" title="makax – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="makax" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekah" title="Mekah – javanščina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mekah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მექა – gruzijščina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მექა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – karakalpaščina" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – kabilščina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka" title="Maka – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maka" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokkah" title="Mokkah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mokkah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Мекке – kazaščina" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мекке" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ម៉ិកកា – kmerščina" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ិកកា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ಮೆಕ್ಕಾ – kanareščina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಕ್ಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanareščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%B9%B4" title="메카 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81%D9%95" title="مکہٕ – kašmirščina" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مکہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmirščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meke" title="Meke – kurdščina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meke" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – kornijščina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Меке – kirgiščina" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Меке" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – latinščina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – luksemburščina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – lezginščina" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – limburščina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – litovščina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – latvijščina" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – madurščina" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka_(Arabia_Saodita)" title="Meka (Arabia Saodita) – malgaščina" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Meka (Arabia Saodita)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makah" title="Makah – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Makah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dober članek"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izbrani članek"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="മക്ക – malajalamščina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – mongolščina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ – manipurščina" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – maratščina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – malajščina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – malteščina" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – mirandeščina" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="မက္ကာဟ်မြို့တော် – burmanščina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက္ကာဟ်မြို့တော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мекка ош – erzjanščina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мекка ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – mazanderanščina" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – nizka nemščina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nizka nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – nepalščina" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – nevarščina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – novonorveščina" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novonorveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߡߞߊ߫ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߞߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – njanščina" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="njanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca – okcitanščina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="La Mèca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Меккæ – osetinščina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Меккæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੱਕਾ – pandžabščina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੱਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – pampanščina" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – papiamentu" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_M%C3%A8ke" title="El Mèke – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="El Mèke" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%ABcca" title="La Mëcca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="La Mëcca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – kečuanščina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27A_Mecca" title="'A Mecca – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="'A Mecca" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – jakutščina" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ – santalščina" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – sicilijanščina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – škotščina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AA%D9%88" title="مڪو – sindščina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – tahelitska berberščina" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tahelitska berberščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8" title="මක්කම – sinhalščina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මක්කම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – somalščina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – albanščina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekah" title="Mekah – sundanščina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mekah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mecka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="மக்கா – tamilščina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE" title="మక్కా – telugijščina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మక్కా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – tadžiščina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="มักกะฮ์ – tajščina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มักกะฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekge" title="Mekge – turkmenščina" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mekge" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – tagalogščina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99kk%C9%99" title="Məkkə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Məkkə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Мәккә – tatarščina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәккә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%83%D9%83%DB%95" title="مەككە – ujgurščina" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەككە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – urdujščina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdujščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – uzbeščina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a_Meca" title="Ła Meca – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ła Meca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekk" title="Mekk – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mekk" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4kk%C3%A4" title="Mäkkä – volapik" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mäkkä" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – varajščina" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%8A%A0" title="麦加 – wu-kitajščina" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麦加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მექა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მექა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90" title="מעקא – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81kk%C3%A0" title="Mẹ́kkà – jorubščina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́kkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ – standardni maroški tamazig" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standardni maroški tamazig" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – min nan kitajščina" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – kantonščina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5806#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meka" title="Ogled vsebinske strani [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pogovor:Meka" rel="discussion" title="Pogovor o vsebinski strani [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pogovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Spremeni različico jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenščina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meka"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=history" title="Prejšnje redakcije te strani [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Orodja" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Orodja</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Več možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dejanja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meka"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=history"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Splošno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:KajSePovezujeSem/Meka" title="Seznam vseh strani, ki se povezujejo sem [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Kaj se povezuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:RecentChangesLinked/Meka" rel="nofollow" title="Zadnje spremembe na straneh, s katerimi se povezuje ta stran [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane spremembe</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:PosebneStrani" title="Seznam vseh posebnih strani [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne strani</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&oldid=6343479" title="Trajna povezava na to redakcijo strani"><span>Trajna povezava</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=info" title="Več informacij o tej strani"><span>Podatki o strani</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Navedi&page=Meka&id=6343479&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tem, kako navajati to stran"><span>Navedba članka</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMeka"><span>Pridobi skrajšani URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMeka"><span>Prenesi kodo QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tiskanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Meka"><span>Ustvari e-knjigo</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Meka&action=show-download-screen"><span>Prenesi kot PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&printable=yes" title="Različica te strani za tisk [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Različica za tisk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V drugih projektih </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mecca" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedijina zbirka</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5806" title="Povezava na ustrezni predmet v podatkovni shrambi [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Predmet v Wikipodatkih</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Videz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geografski_koordinatni_sistem" title="Geografski koordinatni sistem">Koordinati</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Meka&params=21_25_N_39_49_E_type:city(2385509)_region:SA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji"><span class="latitude">21°25′N</span> <span class="longitude">39°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji">21.417°N 39.817°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.417; 39.817</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5913888">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Meka</div><br /><div class="nickname" style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span title="arabsko besedilo"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مكة المكرمة</span></span><br /><i><span title="Ameriška knjižničarska zveza – prečrkovanje Kongresne knjižnice"><i lang="ar-Latn">Makkah al-Mukarramah</i></span></i></div><br /><div class="nickname" style="font-size:78%;display:inline;">Bakkah</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-weight:bold;">Sveto mesto Meka</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6026938/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Courtyard_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Courtyard_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29.jpg/238px-Courtyard_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Courtyard_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29.jpg/357px-Courtyard_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Courtyard_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29.jpg/476px-Courtyard_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Kaba_(sveti%C5%A1%C4%8De)" title="Kaba (svetišče)">Kaba</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Makkah_(Mecca)_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Makkah_%28Mecca%29_%284%29.jpg/114px-Makkah_%28Mecca%29_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Makkah_%28Mecca%29_%284%29.jpg/171px-Makkah_%28Mecca%29_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Makkah_%28Mecca%29_%284%29.jpg/228px-Makkah_%28Mecca%29_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Azizija-Adžjad</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Mina_saudi_arabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mina_saudi_arabia.jpg/120px-Mina_saudi_arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mina_saudi_arabia.jpg/180px-Mina_saudi_arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mina_saudi_arabia.jpg/240px-Mina_saudi_arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3767" data-file-height="2673" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mina,_Saudova_Arabija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mina, Saudova Arabija (stran ne obstaja)">Mina</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/115px-Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/173px-Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/230px-Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gora_Arafat" title="Gora Arafat">gora Arafat</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg/119px-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg/179px-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg/238px-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4458" data-file-height="2899" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Nur" title="Jabal al-Nur">Jabal al-Nur</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:75px;max-width:75px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Makkah_Clock_Tower_at_night,_Saudi_Arabia_(1)_(52501885245).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Makkah_Clock_Tower_at_night%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29_%2852501885245%29.jpg/73px-Makkah_Clock_Tower_at_night%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29_%2852501885245%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Makkah_Clock_Tower_at_night%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29_%2852501885245%29.jpg/110px-Makkah_Clock_Tower_at_night%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29_%2852501885245%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Makkah_Clock_Tower_at_night%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29_%2852501885245%29.jpg/146px-Makkah_Clock_Tower_at_night%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%281%29_%2852501885245%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Abrad%C5%BE_Al_Bait" title="Abradž Al Bait">Abradž Al Bait</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg/161px-Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg/242px-Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg/322px-Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1967" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Pogled na Meko</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg/238px-Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg/357px-Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg/476px-Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3891" data-file-height="2617" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Sveta_mo%C5%A1eja" title="Sveta mošeja">Masjid al-Haram</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Vzdevek: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><i>Umm al-Qurā</i> (<span title="arabsko besedilo"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أم القرى</span></span>, 'Mati vseh naselij')</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meka se nahaja v Saudova Arabija"><img alt="Meka se nahaja v Saudova Arabija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1802" data-file-height="1501" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:67.172%;left:25.765%"><div style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Meka"><img alt="Meka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:4px;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline;padding:1px;float:left">Meka</div></div></div></div><div>Geografski položaj Meke</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Geografski_koordinatni_sistem" title="Geografski koordinatni sistem">Koordinati</a>: <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Meka&params=21_25_N_39_49_E_type:city(2385509)_region:SA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji"><span class="latitude">21°25′N</span> <span class="longitude">39°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji">21.417°N 39.817°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.417; 39.817</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Država</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saudova_Arabija" title="Saudova Arabija">Saudova Arabija</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ustanovitelj</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Preroki_islama" title="Preroki islama">Prerok</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izmail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izmail (stran ne obstaja)">Izmail</a>, sin <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abrahama</a> (po tradiciji naj bi zgradil Kabo)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Upravljanje<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Župan</th><td class="infobox-data">Saleh Al-Turki</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Pokrajinski guverner</th><td class="infobox-data">Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Površina<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mesto</th><td class="infobox-data">760 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urbano<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">850 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitansko_obmo%C4%8Dje" title="Metropolitansko območje">Metropolitansko obm.</a><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.200 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nadm. višina<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">277 m</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Prebivalstvo<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(popis 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mesto</th><td class="infobox-data">2.385.509</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Gostota</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Bad rounding here"></span>3.100 preb./km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Arabicjezik latinizacija"><i lang="ar-Latn">Makki</i></span> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<span title="arabsko besedilo"><span lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5505040">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic,.mw-parser-output .script-Arab{font-family:"Scheherazade New",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh",Harmattan,"Arabic Typesetting","Traditional Arabic","Simplified Arabic","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,"Sakkal Majalla","Microsoft Uighur",Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">مكي</span>‎</span></span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Casovni_pas" title="Časovni pas">Časovni pas</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabski_standardni_%C4%8Das&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabski standardni čas (stran ne obstaja)">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> • <a href="/wiki/Poletni_%C4%8Das" title="Poletni čas">Poletni</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabski_standardni_%C4%8Das&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabski standardni čas (stran ne obstaja)">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%8Drt_telefonskega_o%C5%A1tevil%C4%8Denja" title="Načrt telefonskega oštevilčenja">Omrežna skupina</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+966) 12</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spletna stran</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holymakkah.gov.sa">www<wbr />.holymakkah<wbr />.gov<wbr />.sa</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/250px-Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/375px-Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/500px-Supplicating_Pilgrim_at_Masjid_Al_Haram._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Romar v mošeji Al-Masjid al-Haram</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Day_of_Hajj._Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Day_of_Hajj._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/250px-Day_of_Hajj._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Day_of_Hajj._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/375px-Day_of_Hajj._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Day_of_Hajj._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/500px-Day_of_Hajj._Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Hadž</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Meka</b> (/ˈmɛkə/; uradno Makkah al-Mukarramah,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> običajno skrajšano v Makkah <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) je glavno mesto province Meka v regiji <a href="/wiki/Hed%C5%BEas" title="Hedžas">Hedžas</a> v zahodni <a href="/wiki/Saudova_Arabija" title="Saudova Arabija">Saudovi Arabiji</a> in najsvetejše mesto po <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Je 70 km v notranjosti od <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEida" title="Džida">Džideh</a> na Rdečem morju, v ozki dolini 277 m nad morsko gladino. Njeno metropolitansko prebivalstvo je leta 2022 znašalo 2,4 milijona, zaradi česar je tretje najbolj naseljeno mesto v Saudovi Arabiji za <a href="/wiki/Rijad" title="Rijad">Rijadom</a> in Džido. Približno 44,5 % prebivalstva je saudskih državljanov in okoli 55,5 % muslimanskih tujcev iz drugih držav.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Romar" class="mw-redirect" title="Romar">Romarji</a> več kot potrojijo število prebivalcev vsako leto med romanjem <a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž">Hadž</a>, ki ga obeležujemo v dvanajstem <a href="/wiki/Hid%C5%BEra_(islam)" title="Hidžra (islam)">hidžrskem</a> mesecu Dhūl-Ḥijjah.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Z več kot 10,8 milijona mednarodnih obiskovalcev leta 2023 je bila Meka eno izmed desetih najbolj obiskanih mest na svetu.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meka na splošno velja za 'izvir in zibelko islama'.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meka je v islamu cenjena kot rojstni kraj islamskega preroka <a href="/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed">Mohameda</a>. Jama Hira na vrhu <a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Nur" title="Jabal al-Nur">Jabal al-Nur</a> ('Gora luči'), tik izven mesta, je mesto, kjer muslimani verjamejo, da je bil <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> prvič razodet Mohamedu.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obisk Meke za Ḥadž je obveznost vseh sposobnih muslimanov. <a href="/wiki/Sveta_mo%C5%A1eja" title="Sveta mošeja">Sveta mošeja</a> v Meki, znana kot <i>Masjid al-Haram</i>, je dom <a href="/wiki/Kaba_(sveti%C5%A1%C4%8De)" title="Kaba (svetišče)">Kabe</a>, za katero muslimani verjamejo, da sta jo zgradila Abraham in Izmael. Je najsvetejše mesto islama in smer molitve (<a href="/wiki/Kibla_(islam)" title="Kibla (islam)">kibla</a>) za vse muslimane po vsem svetu.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslimanski vladarji iz regije in okoli nje so dolgo poskušali zavzeti mesto in ga obdržati pod svojim nadzorom, zato je, tako kot večina regije Hedžas, mesto doživelo več sprememb režima. Mesto je nazadnje osvojil <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" title="Ibn Saud">Ibn Saud</a> in njegovi zavezniki leta 1925, ko so Saudi osvojili Hedžas. Od takrat je Meka doživela izjemno širitev velikosti in infrastrukture z novejšimi, modernimi stavbami, kot je <a href="/wiki/Abrad%C5%BE_Al_Bait" title="Abradž Al Bait">Abradž Al Bait</a>, četrta na svetu - najvišja stavba in tretja največja po površini,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ki se dviga nad Sveto mošejo. Savdska vlada je izvedla tudi uničenje več zgodovinskih struktur in arheoloških najdišč,<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kot je <a href="/wiki/Trdnjava_Ad%C5%BEjad" title="Trdnjava Adžjad">trdnjava Adžjad</a>. Vendar je bilo veliko rušenj uradno del nenehnega širjenja Masjid al-Harama v Meki in Prerokove mošeje v Medini ter njunih pomožnih servisnih objektov, da bi lahko sprejeli vedno večje število muslimanov, ki opravljajo romanje (hadž). Nemuslimanom je prepovedan vstop v mesto.<sup id="cite_ref-peters_206_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peters_206-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pod saudsko vlado Meko upravlja regionalna občina Meka, občinski svet 14 lokalno izvoljenih članov, ki jih vodi župan (imenovan v arabščini Amin), ki ga imenuje saudska vlada. Leta 2015 je bil župan mesta Osama bin Fadhel Al-Barr; od januarja 2022 je župan Saleh Al-Turki. Mesto Meka je <i>amanah</i> (glavno mesto guvernata), ki predstavlja Meko in okoliško regijo, je glavno mesto province Meka, ki vključuje sosednji mesti Džida in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taif (stran ne obstaja)">Taif</a>, čeprav je Džida po številu prebivalcev precej večja od Meke. Princ Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud je guverner province od 16. maja 2007. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zgodovina">Zgodovina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Zgodovina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Zgodovina"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prazgodovina">Prazgodovina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Prazgodovina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Prazgodovina"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leta 2010 sta Meka in okolica z odkritjem Saadanijevega fosila postala pomembno mesto za <a href="/wiki/Paleontologija" title="Paleontologija">paleontologijo</a> v zvezi z evolucijo primatov. <i>Saadanius</i> velja za primata, ki je tesno povezan s skupnim prednikom opic in <a href="/wiki/Opice_Starega_sveta" title="Opice Starega sveta">opic Starega sveta</a>. Fosilni habitat, blizu današnjega <a href="/wiki/Rde%C4%8De_morje" title="Rdeče morje">Rdečega morja</a> v zahodni Saudovi Arabiji, je bilo pred 28 milijoni do 29 milijoni let vlažno gozdno območje.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paleontologi, vključeni v raziskavo, upajo, da bodo na tem območju našli še več fosilov.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zgodnja_zgodovina_(do_6._stoletja_n._št.)"><span id="Zgodnja_zgodovina_.28do_6._stoletja_n._.C5.A1t..29"></span>Zgodnja zgodovina (do 6. stoletja n. št.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi razdelek: Zgodnja zgodovina (do 6. stoletja n. št.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=3" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Zgodnja zgodovina (do 6. stoletja n. št.)"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zgodnja zgodovina Meke je še vedno v veliki meri zavita v pomanjkanje jasnih virov. Mesto leži v zaledju srednjega dela zahodne Arabije, o katerem so na voljo redki besedilni ali arheološki viri. To pomanjkanje znanja je v nasprotju s severnimi in južnimi območji zahodne Arabije, zlasti s sirsko-palestinsko mejo in Jemnom, kjer imajo zgodovinarji na voljo različne vire, kot so fizični ostanki svetišč, napisi, opažanja grško-rimskih avtorjev in informacije, ki so jih zbrali cerkveni zgodovinarji. Za območje Hedžasa, ki obdaja Meko, je bila značilna odmaknjena, kamnita in negostoljubna narava, ki podpira le skromno naseljeno prebivalstvo v razpršenih <a href="/wiki/Oaza" title="Oaza">oazah</a> in občasnih odsekih rodovitne zemlje. Obala Rdečega morja ni ponujala lahko dostopnih pristanišč, prebivalci oaz in beduini v regiji pa so bili nepismeni. </p><p>Raziskava, ki jo je leta 2020 objavil Binimad Al-Ateeqi, kaže, da je bilo prebivalstvo bližje 10.000 posameznikom, številka, ekstrapolirana iz podatkov, vzetih iz zgodovinskih zapisov o bitki pri Badru in druge vojaške ekspedicije, izseljenci v Abesinijo in Medino ter Mohamedovo lastno gospodinjstvo. Al-Ateeqi, raziskovalec iz Kuvajta, ki je obširno pisal o zgodnji zgodovini Meke, prav tako sklepa o številu žensk, otrok, služabnikov in sužnjev, ki so takrat živeli v Meki, in poudarja, da so nekateri bogati posamezniki, kot npr. Abdullah ibn Jud'an je imel kar 100 sužnjev.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prva jasna omemba Meke v neislamski literaturi se pojavi leta 741 n. št., dolgo po Mohamedovi smrti, v Bizantinsko-arabski kroniki, čeprav tukaj avtor regijo postavlja v <a href="/wiki/Mezopotamija" title="Mezopotamija">Mezopotamijo</a> in ne v Hedžas.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morebitne prejšnje omembe niso nedvoumne. Grški zgodovinar <a href="/wiki/Diodor_Sicilski" title="Diodor Sicilski">Diodor Sicilski</a> piše o Arabiji v 1. stoletju pred našim štetjem v svojem delu <i>Bibliotheca historica</i> in opisuje sveto svetišče: »In tam je bil postavljen tempelj, ki je zelo svet in zelo čaščen med vsemi Arabci«.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obstajajo trditve, da bi se to lahko sklicevalo na Kabo v Meki. Vendar je geografska lokacija, ki jo opisuje Diodor, v severozahodni Arabiji, okoli območja Leuke Kome, znotraj nekdanjega <a href="/wiki/Nabatejsko_kraljestvo" title="Nabatejsko kraljestvo">Nabatejskega kraljestva</a> in rimske province <a href="/wiki/Arabija_(rimska_provinca)" title="Arabija (rimska provinca)">Arabia Petraea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaj" title="Ptolemaj">Ptolemaj</a> našteje imena 50 mest v Arabiji, eno se imenuje Macoraba. Od leta 1646 se ugiba, da bi se to lahko nanašalo na Meko. Zgodovinsko gledano je v znanosti obstajalo splošno soglasje, da je Macoraba, ki jo je omenil Ptolemaj v 2. stoletju našega štetja, res Meka, vendar je bilo v zadnjem času to pod vprašajem. Bowersock je naklonjen identiteti prve, njegova teorija pa je, da je <i>Macoraba</i> beseda <i>Makkah</i>, ki ji sledi poveličujoči aramejski pridevnik <i>rabb</i> (velik). Rimski zgodovinar Ammian Marcellin je naštel tudi številna mesta zahodne Arabije, od katerih jih je večino mogoče prepoznati. Bowersock trdi, da je Meko res omenil kot <i>Geapolis</i> ali <i>Hierapolis</i>, pri čemer slednje pomeni 'sveto mesto', ki se potencialno nanaša na svetišče Kabe.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patricia Crone, iz revizionistične šole islamskih študij, na drugi strani piše, da »je čista resnica ta, da ime Macoraba nima nobene zveze z imenom Meke [...] če Ptolemaj sploh omenja Meko, jo imenuje Moka, mesto v Arabiji Petraea«.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prokopij" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokopij">Prokopijeva</a> izjava iz 6. stoletja, da je pleme Ma'ad posedovalo obalo zahodne Arabije med Ghassanidi in Himjariti na jugu, podpira tradicijo arabskih virov, ki Kurejšije povezujejo z vejo Ma'add in Mohameda kot neposrednega potomca Maa'ad ibn Adnan.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zgodovinarka Patricia Crone je dvomila o trditvi, da je bila Meka glavna zgodovinska trgovska postojanka. Vendar pa se drugi učenjaki, kot je Glen W. Bowersock, ne strinjajo in trdijo, da je bila Meka glavna trgovska postojanka. Crone je kasneje zanemarila nekatere teorije. Trdi, da se je mekanska trgovina zanašala na kože, izdelke iz usnja, prečiščeno maslo, hidžasijsko volno in kamele. Predlaga, da je bila večina tega blaga namenjena rimski vojski, za katero je znano, da je za svojo opremo potrebovala ogromne količine usnja in kož. </p><p>Meka je omenjena v naslednjih zgodnjih koranskih rokopisih: </p> <ul><li>Kodeks je. 1615 I, list 47v, radiokarbonski datiran v 591–643 n. št.</li> <li>Codex Ṣanʿāʾ DAM 01–29.1, folio 29a, radiokarbonski datiran med 633 in 665 n. št.</li> <li>Codex Arabe 331, folio 40 v, radiokarbonski datiran med 652 in 765 n. št.</li></ul> <p>Najzgodnejši muslimanski napisi so iz območja Meka-Taif.[60] </p><p><b>Islamska pripoved</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6026938/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Makkah_mentioned_in_Quranic_manuscript_Codex_Arabe_331dated_to_652-765_CE_with_95.4%25_probability.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Makkah_mentioned_in_Quranic_manuscript_Codex_Arabe_331dated_to_652-765_CE_with_95.4%25_probability.png/220px-Makkah_mentioned_in_Quranic_manuscript_Codex_Arabe_331dated_to_652-765_CE_with_95.4%25_probability.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Makkah_mentioned_in_Quranic_manuscript_Codex_Arabe_331dated_to_652-765_CE_with_95.4%25_probability.png/330px-Makkah_mentioned_in_Quranic_manuscript_Codex_Arabe_331dated_to_652-765_CE_with_95.4%25_probability.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Makkah_mentioned_in_Quranic_manuscript_Codex_Arabe_331dated_to_652-765_CE_with_95.4%25_probability.png/440px-Makkah_mentioned_in_Quranic_manuscript_Codex_Arabe_331dated_to_652-765_CE_with_95.4%25_probability.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Meka je omenjena v koranskem rokopisu Codex Arabe 331 (Q48:24)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:OldmapofMecca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/OldmapofMecca.jpg/220px-OldmapofMecca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/OldmapofMecca.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Osmanski turški zemljevid mošeje Al-Haram iz leta 1787 in povezanih verskih krajev, kot je Jabal al-Nour</div></div></div></div></div> <p>V islamskem pogledu se začetki Meke pripisujejo svetopisemskim osebam, Adamu, Abrahamu, Hagari in Izmaelu. Adam je bil tisti, ki je zgradil prvo Božjo hišo v Meki po nebeškem prototipu, vendar je bila ta stavba uničena v Noahovem potopu. Verjame se, da se je civilizacija Meke začela po tem, ko je Ibrāhīm (Abraham) zapustil svojega sina Ismāʿīla (Išmaela) in ženo Hādžar (Hagar) v dolini na <a href="/wiki/Alah" title="Alah">Alahov</a> ukaz. Nekateri ljudje iz jemenskega plemena Jurhum so se naselili z njimi, in Ismail naj bi se po Ibrahimovem nasvetu poročil z dvema ženskama, eno po ločitvi od prve. Vsaj en človek iz Džurhuma je Ismāīlu in njegovemu očetu pomagal zgraditi ali po islamskih pripovedih rekonstruirati Kabo ('kocko'),(Koran 2, 127)(Koran 3:96)(Koran 22:25-37) ki bi imela družbeno, versko, politično in zgodovinske posledice za mesto in regijo.<sup id="cite_ref-Glasse1991_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glasse1991-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lings1983_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lings1983-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslimani vidijo omembo romanja v dolini Bakha v poglavju <a href="/wiki/Stara_zaveza" title="Stara zaveza">Stare zaveze</a> (<span class="plainlinks"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblija.net/biblija.cgi?m=Ps%2084%2C3%E2%80%936&id13=1&pos=0&set=2&l=sl">Ps 84,3–6</a></span></span> kot sklicevanje na Meko, podobno kot v Koranu v suri 3:96 V Sharḥ al-Asāṭīrju, komentarju na Samarijanska midraška kronologija patriarhov, neznanega datuma, a verjetno sestavljena v 10. stoletju n. št., trdi, da so Meko zgradili sinovi Nebajota, najstarejšega sina Ismāīla ali Izmaela. </p><p><b>Tamudski napisi</b> </p><p>Nekateri tamudski napisi, ki so bili odkriti v južni <a href="/wiki/Jordanija" title="Jordanija">Jordaniji</a>, so vsebovali imena nekaterih posameznikov, kot je ʿAbd Mekkat ({{lang-ar|<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5505040"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">عَبْد مَكَّة</span>‎ »Služabnik Meke«).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bilo je tudi nekaj drugih napisov, ki so vsebovali osebna imena, kot je Makki (<span title="arabsko besedilo"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مَكِّي</span></span> "Makkan, iz Meke"), vendar je Jawwad Ali z univerze v <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdadu</a> predlagal, da obstaja tudi verjetnost plemena z imenom <i>Maka</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pod_Kurejši"><span id="Pod_Kurej.C5.A1i"></span>Pod Kurejši</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi razdelek: Pod Kurejši" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=4" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Pod Kurejši"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nekje v 5. stoletju je bila Kaba kraj čaščenja božanstev arabskih poganskih plemen. Najpomembnejše pogansko božanstvo Meke je bil Hubal, ki ga je tja postavilo vladajoče pleme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurej%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurejši (stran ne obstaja)">Kurejši</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in je ostal do osvojitve Meke s strani Mohameda. V 5. stoletju so Kurejši prevzeli nadzor nad Meko in postali izurjeni trgovci. V 6. stoletju so se pridružili donosni trgovini z začimbami, saj so bitke drugje preusmerjale trgovske poti z nevarnih morskih na bolj varne kopenske poti. <a href="/wiki/Bizantinsko_cesarstvo" title="Bizantinsko cesarstvo">Bizantinsko cesarstvo</a> je prej nadzorovalo Rdeče morje, vendar se je piratstvo povečevalo. Druga zgodnejša pot, ki je potekala skozi <a href="/wiki/Perzijski_zaliv" title="Perzijski zaliv">Perzijski zaliv</a> preko rek <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> in <a href="/wiki/Evfrat" title="Evfrat">Evfrat</a>, je bila prav tako ogrožena zaradi izkoriščanja <a href="/wiki/Sasanidsko_cesarstvo" title="Sasanidsko cesarstvo">Sasanidskega cesarstva</a> in je bila motena z Lakhmidi, Ghasanidi in rimsko-perzijskimi vojnami. Pomembnost Meke kot trgovskega središča je presegla tudi mesti <a href="/wiki/Petra_(Jordanija)" title="Petra (Jordanija)">Petra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palmira" title="Palmira">Palmira</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EIE_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIE-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lapidus-14_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lapidus-14-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sasanidi pa niso vedno predstavljali grožnje Meki, saj so jo leta 575 n. št. zaščitili pred jemensko invazijo, ki jo je vodil krščanski voditelj Abraha. Plemena južne Arabije so zaprosila perzijskega kralja Hosraua I. za pomoč, v odgovor na katero je prišel na jug v Arabijo s pešci in floto ladij blizu Meke.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Do sredine 6. stoletja so bile v severni Arabiji tri velike naselbine, vzdolž jugozahodne obale, ki meji na Rdeče morje, v bivalnem območju med morjem in gorovjem Hedžas na vzhodu. Čeprav je bilo območje okoli Meke popolnoma pusto, je bilo to najbogatejša od treh naselbin z obilico vode iz znamenitega <a href="/wiki/Vodnjak_Zamzam" title="Vodnjak Zamzam">vodnjaka Zamzam</a> in lego na križišču glavnih karavanskih poti. </p><p>Težke razmere in teren na Arabskem polotoku so pomenili skoraj stalen konflikt med lokalnimi plemeni, vendar so enkrat na leto razglasili premirje in se zbrali v Meki na letnem romanju. Do 7. stoletja je bilo to potovanje namenjeno poganskim Arabcem iz verskih razlogov, da bi se poklonili svojemu svetišču in pili iz Zamzama. Vendar pa je bil vsako leto tudi čas, ko so se reševali spori, dolgovi in na mekanskih sejmih je potekalo trgovanje. Ti letni dogodki so plemenom dali občutek skupne identitete in naredili Meko za pomembno središče polotoka. </p><p><b>Leto slona (570 n. št.)</b> <i>Leto slona</i> je ime v islamski zgodovini za leto, ki je približno enako 570–572 n. št. ko se je po islamskih virih, kot je Ibn Ishaq, Abraha spustil v Meko, jezdeč na slonu, z veliko vojsko, potem ko je zgradil katedralo v Sani, imenovano al-Qullays v čast Negusu iz Aksuma. Pridobila je splošno slavo, pritegnila je celo pozornost Bizantinskega cesarstva. Abraha je poskušal preusmeriti romanje Arabcev od Kabe do al-Qullays in jih tako dejansko spreobrniti v <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%8Danstvo" title="Krščanstvo">krščanstvo</a>. Po islamskem izročilu je bilo to leto Mohamedovega rojstva.<sup id="cite_ref-Hajjah_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hajjah-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abraha je domnevno poslal glasnika z imenom Muhammad ibn Khuza'i v Meko in Tihamah s sporočilom, da je al-Qullays veliko boljša od drugih bogoslužnih hiš in čistejša, saj ni bila oskrunjena z bivališči idolov. Ko je Muhammad ibn Khuza'i prišel do dežele Kinana, so prebivalci nižine, vedoč, po kaj je prišel, poslali moža iz Hudhaila po imenu ʿUrwa bin Hayyad al-Milasi, ki ga je ustrelil s puščico in ga ubil. Njegov brat Qays, ki je bil z njim, je pobegnil k Abrahi in mu povedal novico, kar je povečalo njegov bes in prisegel je, da bo napadel pleme Kinana in uničil Kabo. Ibn Ishaq nadalje navaja, da je bil zaradi tega razjezen eden od mož plemena Kurejš, ki je šel v Sano, ponoči vstopil v cerkev in jo oskrunil; na splošno se domneva, da je to storil z iztrebljanjem vanj.<sup id="cite_ref-DACB_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DACB-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abraha je vkorakal na Kabo z veliko vojsko, ki je vključevala enega ali več bojnih slonov, da bi jo porušil. Ko so prišle novice o napredovanju njegove vojske, so se arabska plemena Kurejš, Kinanah, Khuzaa in Hudhajl združila v obrambi Kabe in mesta. Abraha je poslal človeka iz Himjaritskega kraljestva, da bi jim povedal, da želi Abraha samo porušiti Kabo in če se bodo upirali, bodo zdrobljeni. Abdul Muttalib je rekel Mečanom, naj poiščejo zatočišče v hribih, medtem ko so on in nekateri člani Kurejšev ostali v območju Kabe. Abraha je poslal depešo, v kateri je Abdul-Muttaliba povabil, naj se sreča z Abraho in se pogovorita o zadevah. Ko je Abdul-Muttalib zapustil sestanek, so ga slišali reči: »Lastnik te hiše je njen branilec in prepričan sem, da jo bo rešil pred napadom nasprotnikov in ne bo osramotil služabnikov svoje hiše«.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abraha je na koncu napadel Meko. Vendar pa naj bi se vodilni slon, znan kot Mahmud, ustavil na meji okoli Meke in zavrnil vstop. Obstaja teorija, da bi lahko epidemija, kot je <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Crne_koze" title="Črne koze">črne koze</a>, povzročila tako neuspešno invazijo na Meko. Sklicevanje na zgodbo v Koranu je precej kratko. Po 105. suri Korana, Al-Fil, se je naslednji dan pojavil temen oblak majhnih ptic, ki jih je poslal Alah. Ptice so v svojih kljunih nosile majhne kamne in bombardirale etiopske sile ter jih razbile do stanja, kot bi bila pojedena slama. </p><p><b>Gospodarstvo</b> </p><p>Karavane kamel, ki naj bi jih prvi uporabljal Mohamedov praded, so bile glavni del živahnega gospodarstva Meke. Med trgovci v Meki in lokalnimi nomadskimi plemeni so bila sklenjena zavezništva, ki so prinašala blago – usnje, živino in kovine, izkopane v lokalnih gorah – v Meko, da bi ga naložili na karavane in odpeljali v mesta v Šamu in Iraku. Zgodovinska poročila tudi kažejo, da je blago z drugih celin morda teklo tudi skozi Meko. Blago iz Afrike in Daljnega vzhoda je šlo skozi na poti v Sirijo, vključno z začimbami, usnjem, zdravili, tkaninami in sužnji; v zameno je Meka prejela denar, orožje, žito in vino, ki so jih nato razdelili po vsej Arabiji. Mečani so podpisali pogodbe z Bizantinci in beduini ter se pogajali o varnih prehodih za karavane, ki so jim dali pravice do vode in pašnikov. Meka je postala središče ohlapne konfederacije klientskih plemen, ki so vključevala plemena Banu Tamim. Druge regionalne sile, kot so Abesinci, Gasanidi in Lakhmidi, so propadale, zaradi česar je mekanska trgovina v poznem 6. stoletju postala glavna zavezujoča sila v Arabiji. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mohamed_in_osvojitev_Meke">Mohamed in osvojitev Meke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi razdelek: Mohamed in osvojitev Meke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=5" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Mohamed in osvojitev Meke"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članek: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed">Mohamed</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad,_Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/220px-Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3297" /></a><figcaption>Knjižnica Makkah Al Mukarramah (<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Meka&params=21_25_30_N_39_49_48_E_type:landmark_scale:5000_region:SA&title=Bayt+al-Mawlid+%2F+Makkah+Al+Mukarramah+Library"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji"><span class="latitude">21°25′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°49′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji">21.42500°N 39.83000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.42500; 39.83000</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Bayt al-Mawlid / Makkah Al Mukarramah Library</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) naj bi bila na mestu, kjer se je rodil Mohamed, zato je znana tudi kot Bayt al-Mawlid</figcaption></figure> <p>Mohamed se je rodil v Meki leta 570 n. št. in tako je islam od takrat neločljivo povezan z njo. Rodil se je v frakciji Banu Hašim v vladajočem plemenu Kurejš. V bližnji gorski jami Hira na Jabal al-Nourju je Mohamed začel prejemati božanska razodetja od Boga prek nadangela Gabriela leta 610 po islamskem izročilu. Mohamed je zagovarjal svojo obliko abrahamskega monoteizma proti mekanskemu poganstvu in po 13-letnem preganjanju s strani poganskih plemen se je Mohamed izselil (hidžra) leta 622 n. št. s svojimi tovariši Muhadžiruni v Jathrib (kasneje preimenovan v Medino). Konflikt med Kurejšiti in muslimani se je začel na tej točki. Na splošno so mekanska prizadevanja za izničenje islama propadla in so se izkazala za draga in neuspešna. Med bitko pri Hendeku leta 627 n. št. združene arabske vojske niso mogle premagati Mohamedovih sil (saj jih je jarek, ki je obdajal Mohamedove sile, ščitil pred poškodbami in je bila poslana nevihta, da bi vdrla v pleme Kurejš).<sup id="cite_ref-lapidus-32_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lapidus-32-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leta 628 n. št. so Mohamed in njegovi privrženci želeli vstopiti v Meko na romanje, vendar so jim to preprečili Kurejši. Kasneje so muslimani in Mečani sklenili pogodbo iz Hudajbije, po kateri so Kurejši in njihovi zavezniki obljubili, da se bodo prenehali bojevati proti muslimanom in njihovim zaveznikom, in obljubili, da bo muslimanom dovoljeno v mesto, da bodo naslednje leto izvedli romanje. Namenjeno je bilo premirju za 10 let; vendar je samo dve leti pozneje Banu Bakr, zaveznik Kurejšov, prekršil premirje s pobojem skupine Banu Khuzaah, zaveznikov muslimanov. Mohamed in njegovi tovariši, zdaj 10.000 močnih, so vkorakali v Meko in osvojili mesto. Poganske podobe so uničili Mohamedovi privrženci in lokacijo islamizirali ter ponovno posvetili čaščenju samo Alaha. Meka je bila razglašena za najsvetejši kraj v islamu in je bila določena za središče muslimanskega romanja (hadž), enega od petih stebrov islamske vere. </p><p>Mohamed se je nato vrnil v Medino, potem ko je imenoval 'Attaba ibn Asida za guvernerja mesta. Njegove druge dejavnosti v Arabiji so vodile do združitve Arabskega polotoka pod zastavo islama. Mohamed je umrl leta 632 n. št. V naslednjih nekaj sto letih se je območje pod zastavo islama raztezalo od severne Afrike do Azije in delov Evrope. Ko je islamsko kraljestvo raslo, je Meka še naprej privabljala romarje iz vsega muslimanskega sveta in širše, saj so muslimani prihajali na letno romanje hadž. Meka je pritegnila tudi celoletno populacijo učenjakov, pobožnih muslimanov, ki so želeli živeti blizu Kabe in lokalnih prebivalcev, ki so stregli romarjem. Zaradi težavnosti in stroškov hadža so romarji v Džido prispeli z ladjo in prišli po kopnem ali pa se pridružili letnim karavanama iz Sirije ali Iraka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Srednji_vek_in_predmoderni_čas"><span id="Srednji_vek_in_predmoderni_.C4.8Das"></span>Srednji vek in predmoderni čas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi razdelek: Srednji vek in predmoderni čas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=6" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Srednji vek in predmoderni čas"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meka nikoli ni bila prestolnica nobene od islamskih držav. Muslimanski vladarji so prispevali k njenemu vzdrževanju, na primer med vladavino <a href="/wiki/Omar_(kalif)" title="Omar (kalif)">Omarja</a> (vladal 634–644 n. št.) in <a href="/wiki/Osman_ibn_Afan" title="Osman ibn Afan">Osmana ibn Afana</a> (vladal 644–656 n. š.), ko so zaradi zaskrbljenosti zaradi poplav kalifi pripeljali krščanske inženirje zgraditi jezove v nižinskih predelih ter zgraditi nasipe za zaščito območja okoli Kabe. </p><p>Mohamedova vrnitev v Medino je premaknila fokus stran od Meke in kasneje še dlje, ko je <a href="/wiki/Ali_(kalif)" title="Ali (kalif)">Ali</a>, četrti kalif, prevzel oblast in izbral <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufo</a> za svojo prestolnico. <a href="/wiki/Omajadski_kalifat" title="Omajadski kalifat">Omajadski kalifat</a> je prestolnico preselil v <a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">Damask</a> v Siriji, <a href="/wiki/Abasidski_kalifat" title="Abasidski kalifat">Abasidski kalifat</a> pa v <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> v današnjem Iraku, ki je ostal središče islamskega imperija skoraj 500 let. Meka je ponovno vstopila v islamsko politično zgodovino med <i>drugo Fitno</i>, ko so jo zasedali <a href="/wiki/Abdulah_ibn_al-Zubejr" title="Abdulah ibn al-Zubejr">Abdulah ibn al-Zubejr</a> in Zubejridi. Mesto so dvakrat oblegali <a href="/wiki/Omajadi" title="Omajadi">Omajadi</a> v letih 683 n. št. in 692 n. št. in še nekaj časa zatem. Mesto ni bilo veliko v politiki, ostalo je mesto predanosti in učenosti, ki so ga upravljale različne frakcije. Leta 930 n. št. so Meko napadli in oplenili Karmatijci, tisočletna šiitska ismailitska muslimanska sekta, ki jo je vodil Abū-Tāhir Al-Džannābī in je imela središče v vzhodni Arabiji.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pandemija <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Crna_smrt" title="Črna smrt">črne smrti</a> je prizadela Meko leta 1349.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Pod Osmani</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Khalili_Collection_Hajj_Mecca_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Khalili_Collection_Hajj_Mecca_panorama.jpg/220px-Khalili_Collection_Hajj_Mecca_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Khalili_Collection_Hajj_Mecca_panorama.jpg/330px-Khalili_Collection_Hajj_Mecca_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Khalili_Collection_Hajj_Mecca_panorama.jpg/440px-Khalili_Collection_Hajj_Mecca_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3566" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Panorama Meke, 1845, iz <i>Zbirke Khalili o hadžu in umetnosti romanja</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Leta 1517 je takratni šerif Meke, Barakat bin Muhammad, priznal nadoblast <a href="/wiki/Osmanski_kalifat" title="Osmanski kalifat">Osmanskega kalifa</a>, vendar je ohranil veliko stopnjo lokalne avtonomije.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leta 1803 je mesto zavzela prva saudska država,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ki je držala Meko do leta 1813 in uničila nekaj zgodovinskih grobnic in kupol v mestu in okolici. Osmani so nalogo vrnitve Meke pod osmanski nadzor dodelili svojemu močnemu <i><a href="/wiki/Kediv" title="Kediv">kedivu</a></i> (podkralju) in egiptovskemu <i><a href="/wiki/Vali_(naslov)" title="Vali (naslov)">valiju</a></i>, Mohamedu Ali Paši. Mohamed Ali Paša Egiptovski je leta 1813 uspešno vrnil Meko pod osmanski nadzor. Leta 1818 je bil Saud znova poražen, vendar je preživel in ustanovil drugo saudsko državo, ki je trajala do leta 1891 in vodila do današnje države Saudove Arabije. Leta 1853 se je sir Richard Francis Burton preoblečen v muslimana podal na muslimansko romanje v Meko in Medino. Čeprav Burton zagotovo ni bil prvi nemuslimanski Evropejec, ki je opravil hadž (Ludovico di Varthema je to storil leta 1503),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> njegovo romanje ostaja eno najbolj znanih in dokumentiranih sodobnega časa. Meko so redno prizadeli izbruhi <a href="/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera">kolere</a>. Med letoma 1830 in 1930 je med romarji v Meki 27-krat izbruhnila kolera.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderna_zgodovina">Moderna zgodovina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi razdelek: Moderna zgodovina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=7" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Moderna zgodovina"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Makkah-1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Makkah-1910.jpg/220px-Makkah-1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Makkah-1910.jpg/330px-Makkah-1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Makkah-1910.jpg/440px-Makkah-1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Meka leta 1910</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hašemitski upor in kasnejši nadzor s strani šerifata Meke</b> </p><p>V <a href="/wiki/Prva_svetovna_vojna" title="Prva svetovna vojna">prvi svetovni vojni</a> je bilo <a href="/wiki/Osmansko_cesarstvo" title="Osmansko cesarstvo">Osmansko cesarstvo</a> v vojni z zavezniki. Uspešno je odvrnila napad na <a href="/wiki/Carigrad" title="Carigrad">Carigrad</a> v kampanji Gallipoli in na Bagdad v obleganju Kuta. Britanski obveščevalni agent <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Lawrence" title="Thomas Edward Lawrence">T.E. Lawrence</a> je sklenil zaroto z osmanskim guvernerjem Huseinom bin Alijem, mekinim šerifom, da bi se uprli Osmanskemu cesarstvu in to je bilo prvo mesto, ki so ga njegove sile zavzele v bitki za Meko leta 1916. Sharifov upor se je izkazal za prelomnico vojne na vzhodni fronti. Husein je razglasil novo državo, kraljestvo Hedžas, pri čemer se je razglasil za šarifa države in Meko za svojo prestolnico. Novice v novembru 1916 prek stika v Kairu z romarji, ki so se vračali na hadž, so navajale, da je bil hadž leta 1916, ko ni bilo več osmanskih turških oblasti, brez prejšnjega velikega izsiljevanja in denarnih zahtev, ki so jih postavljali Turki, ki so bili agenti osmanske vlade.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Osvajanje Saudove Arabije in sodobna zgodovina</b> </p><p>Po bitki za Meko leta 1924 je družina Saud strmoglavila šarifa iz Meke in jo vključila v Saudovo Arabijo.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pod saudsko vladavino je bil velik del zgodovinskega mesta porušen zaradi bojazni saudske vlade, da bi ta mesta lahko postala mesta združevanja v čaščenju poleg Alaha (<i>širk</i>). Mesto je bilo razširjeno tako, da vključuje več mest, ki so prej veljala za ločena od svetega mesta in je zdaj le nekaj kilometrov izven glavnih krajev hadža, Mine, Muzdalife in Arafata. Meka ni povezana z nobenim letališčem zaradi skrbi glede varnosti mesta. Namesto tega ga oskrbuje mednarodno letališče King Abdulaziz v Džidi (približno 70 km stran) in regionalno letališče Taif (približno 120 km stran) za domače lete. </p><p>Mesto je danes na stičišču dveh najpomembnejših avtocest v celotnem cestnem sistemu Saudove Arabije, avtoceste 40, ki povezuje mesto z Džido na zahodu in prestolnico, <a href="/wiki/Rijad" title="Rijad">Rijadom</a> in Damamom na vzhodu in avtoceste 15, ki povezuje <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabuk" title="Tabuk">Tabuk</a> in naprej do Jordanije na severu ter Abhe in Džizana na jugu. Osmani so nameravali razširiti svojo železniško mrežo do Svetega mesta, vendar so bili zaradi vstopa v prvo svetovno vojno ta načrt prisiljeni opustiti. Ta načrt je kasneje izvedla saudska vlada, ki je dve sveti mesti, Medino in Meko, povezala s sodobnim sistemom <a href="/wiki/Hitra_%C5%BEeleznica_Haramain" title="Hitra železnica Haramain">hitre železnice Haramain</a>, ki vozi s hitrostjo 300 km/h (190 mph) in obe mesti povezuje preko Džide, Mednarodno letališče kralja Abdulaziza in gospodarsko mesto kralja Abdullaha blizu Rabigha v dveh urah. </p><p>Haramsko območje Meke, kamor je prepovedan vstop nemuslimanom, je veliko večje od Medine. </p><p><b>1979 Zaseg Velike mošeje</b> </p><p>20. novembra 1979 je dvesto oboroženih disidentov, ki jih je vodil Džuhajman al-Otaibi, zavzelo Sveto mošejo, trdeč, da saudska kraljeva družina ne predstavlja več čistega islama in da morajo Masjid al-Haram in Kaba držati tisti prave vere. Uporniki so več deset tisoč romarjev zajeli kot talce in se zabarikadirali v mošeji. Obleganje je trajalo dva tedna in povzročilo več sto smrti in veliko škodo na svetišču, zlasti galeriji Safa-Marwah. Večnacionalnim silam je končno uspelo ponovno zavzeti mošejo.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Od takrat je bila Sveta mošeja večkrat razširjena, številne druge širitve pa se izvajajo danes. </p><p><b>Uničenje območij islamske dediščine</b> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg/300px-Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg/450px-Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg/600px-Makkah_Aerial_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption>Meka, kot je videti iz Jabal al-Nourja. Urni stolp Meke je viden na obzorju.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pod saudsko vladavino je bilo ocenjeno, da je bilo od leta 1985 v Meki porušenih okoli 95 % zgodovinskih stavb, večina starih več kot tisoč let.<sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poročali so, da je zdaj v Meki ostalo manj kot 20 struktur, ki izvirajo iz časa Mohameda. Nekatere pomembne stavbe, ki so bile uničene, vključujejo hišo Khadidže, Mohamedove žene, hišo <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakra</a>, Mohamedovo rojstno hišo in trdnjavo Adžjad iz osmanskega obdobja.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Razlog za velik del uničenja zgodovinskih stavb je bila gradnja hotelov, stanovanj, parkirišč in drugih infrastrukturnih objektov za romarje na hadž. </p><p><b>Zgodbe med romanjem</b> </p><p>Meka je bila prizorišče številnih incidentov in neuspešnega nadzora množice zaradi velikega števila ljudi, ki pridejo na hadž. Na primer, 2. julija 1990 se je romanje v Meko končalo tragično, ko je v prenatrpanem tunelu za pešce odpovedal prezračevalni sistem in 1426 ljudi se je v stampedu bodisi zadušilo bodisi poteptalo do smrti.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 24. septembra 2015 je bilo med obredom kamenjanja hudiča v Džamaratu v stampedu v Mini ubitih 700 romarjev.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>2027 popoln sončni mrk</b> </p><p>Meka je v ponedeljek, 2. avgusta 2027, doživela popolni sončni mrk, ki je trajal 5 minut in 8 sekund.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pomen_za_islam">Pomen za islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi razdelek: Pomen za islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=8" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Pomen za islam"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:La_Mecque_pelerinage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/La_Mecque_pelerinage.png/300px-La_Mecque_pelerinage.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/La_Mecque_pelerinage.png/450px-La_Mecque_pelerinage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/La_Mecque_pelerinage.png/600px-La_Mecque_pelerinage.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Hadž vključuje romarje, ki obiščejo mošejo Al-Haram, večinoma pa kampirajo in preživijo čas na ravninah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mina,_Saudova_Arabija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mina, Saudova Arabija (stran ne obstaja)">Mina</a> in Arafah</figcaption></figure> <p>Meka ima pomembno mesto v <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamu</a> in velja za najsvetejše mesto v vseh vejah vere. Mesto črpa svoj pomen iz vloge, ki jo ima pri <a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž">hadžu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Umra" title="Umra">umri</a>, ter zaradi statusa rojstnega kraja <a href="/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed">Mohameda</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sveta_mošeja_ali_Masjid_al-Haram"><span id="Sveta_mo.C5.A1eja_ali_Masjid_al-Haram"></span>Sveta mošeja ali Masjid al-Haram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi razdelek: Sveta mošeja ali Masjid al-Haram" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=9" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Sveta mošeja ali Masjid al-Haram"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sveta_mo%C5%A1eja" title="Sveta mošeja">Sveta mošeja</a> ali Masjid al-Haram je kraj dveh najpomembnejših obredov tako hadža kot tudi umre, obhoda okoli Kabe (<i>tavaf</i>) in hoje med obema gorama Safa in Marva (<i>sae</i>). Mošeja je tudi mesto <a href="/wiki/Vodnjak_Zamzam" title="Vodnjak Zamzam">vodnjaka Zamzam</a>. Po islamskem izročilu je molitev v mošeji enaka 100.000 molitvam v kateri koli drugi mošeji po svetu.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Kaba</b> </p> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članek: <a href="/wiki/Kaba_(sveti%C5%A1%C4%8De)" title="Kaba (svetišče)">Kaba (svetišče)</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <p>Med islamskimi učenjaki obstajajo različna mnenja o tem, kdo je prvi zgradil Kabo, nekateri menijo, da so jo zgradili angeli, medtem ko drugi verjamejo, da jo je zgradil Adam. Ne glede na to, da je bila večkrat zgrajena, preden je dosegla sedanje stanje. Kaba je tudi skupna smer molitve (<a href="/wiki/Kibla_(islam)" title="Kibla (islam)">kibla</a>) za vse muslimane. Površina, ki obkroža Kabo, po kateri jo muslimani obkrožajo, je znana kot <i>Mataf</i>. </p><p><b>Hadžar el-Aswad (Črni kamen)</b> </p> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članek: <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Crni_kamen" title="Črni kamen">Črni kamen</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <p>Črni kamen (Hadžar el-Aswad; <a href="/wiki/Arabsko" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabsko">arabsko</a> <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الحجر الأسود‎</span>) je kamen, ki ga znanstveniki smatrajo za <a href="/wiki/Meteorit" title="Meteorit">meteorit</a> ali podobnega izvora, muslimani pa verjamejo, da je božanskega izvora. Postavljen je v vzhodnem kotu Kabe in dotikati se kamna in ga poljubljati je <i>suna</i>. Območje okoli kamna je praviloma vedno polno in varovano s policisti, ki skrbijo za varnost romarjev. V islamski tradiciji je bil kamen poslan iz <i>Džane</i> (Raja) in uporabljen za gradnjo Kabe. Nekoč je bil bel kamen (in je bil bolj bel od mleka). Zaradi posvetnih grehov človeka je z leti po tem, ko je bil spuščen na Zemljo, počasi spremenil barvo v črno. </p><p><b>Makam Ibrahim</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Maqam_Ibrahim,_Makkah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Maqam_Ibrahim%2C_Makkah.jpg/170px-Maqam_Ibrahim%2C_Makkah.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Maqam_Ibrahim%2C_Makkah.jpg/255px-Maqam_Ibrahim%2C_Makkah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Maqam_Ibrahim%2C_Makkah.jpg/340px-Maqam_Ibrahim%2C_Makkah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1763" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>Maqam Ibrahim, Meka</figcaption></figure> <p>To je kamen, na katerem je stal Ibrahim (Abraham), da bi zgradil višje dele Kabe. Vsebuje dva odtisa stopal, ki sta sorazmerno večja od povprečnih sodobnih človeških stopal. Kamen je dvignjen in nameščen v zlati šesterokotni komori poleg Kabe na plošči <i>Mataf</i>. Kamen v ohišju je kvadratne oblike in meri 40 cm v dolžino in širino ter 20 cm v višino.<sup id="cite_ref-madainmaqam_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madainmaqam-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Včasih je bil obdan s strukturo, imenovano <i>Maqsurat Ibrahim</i>, ki je bila prekrita s <i>sitaro</i>: okrasna, vezena zavesa, ki so jo vsako leto zamenjali.<sup id="cite_ref-daralkiswa_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daralkiswa-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trenutno je nameščen v ohišju iz zlate kovine. Zunanje ohišje se je skozi leta večkrat spremenilo; zgodovinske fotografije kažejo, da je ob njej stal obok vrat Banu Šajbah.<sup id="cite_ref-madainshaiba_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madainshaiba-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Safa in Marva</b> </p> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članek: <a href="/wiki/Safa_in_Marva" title="Safa in Marva">Safa in Marva</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <p>Muslimani verjamejo, da Alah v božanskem razodetju Mohamedu, v <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koranu</a>, opisuje gori Safa in Marvah kot simbola svoje božanskosti. Hoja med obema gorama sedemkrat, 4-krat od Safe do Marve in 3-krat iz Marve izmenično, velja za obvezen steber (<i>rukn</i>) umra. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1132px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Masjid_al-Haram_panorama.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama Svete mošeje ali Masjid al-Haram v Meki, med romanjem hadž"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Masjid_al-Haram_panorama.JPG/1124px-Masjid_al-Haram_panorama.JPG" decoding="async" width="1124" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Masjid_al-Haram_panorama.JPG/1686px-Masjid_al-Haram_panorama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Masjid_al-Haram_panorama.JPG/2248px-Masjid_al-Haram_panorama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Masjid_al-Haram_panorama.JPG" title="Slika:Masjid al-Haram panorama.JPG"> </a></div>Panorama Svete mošeje ali Masjid al-Haram v Meki, med romanjem hadž</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadž_in_umra"><span id="Had.C5.BE_in_umra"></span>Hadž in umra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi razdelek: Hadž in umra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=10" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Hadž in umra"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavna članka: <a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž">Hadž</a> in <a href="/wiki/Umra" title="Umra">Umra</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <p>Romanje <a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BE" title="Hadž">hadž</a>, imenovano tudi večje romanje, privabi milijone muslimanov z vsega sveta in skoraj potroji prebivalstvo Meke za en teden v dvanajstem in zadnjem <a href="/wiki/Muslimanski_koledar" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslimanski koledar">muslimanskem</a> mesecu Dhu al-Hijjah. Leta 2019 je hadž v sveto mesto privabil 2.489.406 romarjev.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umro ali manjše romanje lahko opravite kadar koli v letu. Vsak odrasel, zdrav musliman, ki ima finančno in fizično zmožnost potovati v Meko, mora vsaj enkrat v življenju opraviti hadž. Umro, manjše romanje, ni obvezno, vendar je priporočeno v Koranu.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poleg Masjid al-Harama morajo romarji obiskati tudi bližnja mesta Mina/Muna, Muzdalifah in <a href="/wiki/Gora_Arafat" title="Gora Arafat">goro Arafat</a> za različne obrede, ki so del hadža. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jabal_al-Nur">Jabal al-Nur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi razdelek: Jabal al-Nur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=11" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Jabal al-Nur"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Jabal_Nur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Jabal_Nur.JPG/220px-Jabal_Nur.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Jabal_Nur.JPG/330px-Jabal_Nur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Jabal_Nur.JPG/440px-Jabal_Nur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Nur" title="Jabal al-Nur">Jabal al-Nur</a> je gora, na vrhu katere je jama Hira, kjer naj bi Mohamed prejel svoje prvo razodetje.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članek: <a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Nur" title="Jabal al-Nur">Jabal al-Nur</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <p>To je gora, za katero muslimani verjamejo, da je bila tam kraj, kjer je Mohamed preživel svoj čas stran od živahnega mesta Meka v osami.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gora je na vzhodnem vhodu v mesto in je najvišja točka v mestu s 642 metri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jama_Hira'a"><span id="Jama_Hira.27a"></span>Jama Hira'a</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi razdelek: Jama Hira'a" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=12" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Jama Hira'a"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na vrhu Jabal an-Nur je jama, v kateri muslimani verjamejo, da je Mohamed prejel prvo razodetje od Alaha preko nadangela Gabrijela (džibril v islamski tradiciji) v starosti 40 let. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nemuslimani_v_Meki">Nemuslimani v Meki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi razdelek: Nemuslimani v Meki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=13" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Nemuslimani v Meki"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Čeprav je vstop nemuslimanom v Meko prepovedan in dostope v mesto nadzorujejo s cestnimi zaporami, se je nekaterim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pustolovec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pustolovec (stran ne obstaja)">pustolovcem</a> to vseeno posrečilo. Znan je obisk <a href="/wiki/Britanci" title="Britanci">britanskega</a> <a href="/wiki/Raziskovalec" title="Raziskovalec">raziskovalca</a> sira <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Burton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Burton (stran ne obstaja)">Richarda Burtona</a> leta 1853. Pretvarjal se je, da je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afganistanci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afganistanci (stran ne obstaja)">afganistanski</a> musliman, po obisku pa je svoje vtise iz Meke in Medine opisal v <a href="/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga">knjigi</a>. </p><p>Obisk nemuslimana v Meki je opisan tudi v delu <a href="/wiki/Karl_May" title="Karl May">Karla Maya</a> <i>Križem po Jutrovem</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografija">Geografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi razdelek: Geografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=14" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Geografija"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Mecca_seen_from_international_space_station.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mecca_seen_from_international_space_station.png/220px-Mecca_seen_from_international_space_station.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mecca_seen_from_international_space_station.png/330px-Mecca_seen_from_international_space_station.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mecca_seen_from_international_space_station.png/440px-Mecca_seen_from_international_space_station.png 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="3050" /></a><figcaption>Pogled na Meko z Mednarodne vesoljske postaje. Haram je viden v sredini, medtem ko je Mina vidna na vzhodu.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meka leži v regiji <a href="/wiki/Hed%C5%BEas" title="Hedžas">Hedžas</a>, 200 km širokem pasu gora, ki ločuje <a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%A1%C4%8Dava_Nefud" title="Puščava Nefud">puščavo Nefud</a> od <a href="/wiki/Rde%C4%8De_morje" title="Rdeče morje">Rdečega morja</a>. Mesto je v istoimenski dolini približno 70 km vzhodno od pristaniškega mesta <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEida" title="Džida">Džida</a>. Meka je eno najnižje ležečih mest v regiji Hedžas, in je na 21°23' severne zemljepisne širine in 39°51' vzhodne zemljepisne dolžine. Meka je razdeljena na 34 okrožij. </p><p>Središče mesta je območje al-Haram, ki vsebuje Masjid al-Haram. Območje okoli mošeje je staro mesto in vsebuje najbolj znano okrožje Meke, Adžjad. Glavna ulica, ki vodi do al-Harama, je ulica Ibrahim al-Khalil, poimenovana po Ibrahimu. Tradicionalne, zgodovinske hiše, zgrajene iz lokalnega kamna, visoke dve do tri nadstropja, so še vedno prisotne v osrednjem delu mesta, v bližini sodobnih hotelov in nakupovalnih kompleksov. Celotna površina sodobne Meke je več kot 1200 km².<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nadmorska_višina"><span id="Nadmorska_vi.C5.A1ina"></span>Nadmorska višina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi razdelek: Nadmorska višina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=15" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Nadmorska višina"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meka je na višini 277 m nad morsko gladino in približno 70 km v notranjosti od Rdečega morja. Je eno najnižje ležečih v regiji Hedžas, čeprav nekateri gorski vrhovi v Meki dosežejo 1000 m višine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografija">Topografija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi razdelek: Topografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=16" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Topografija"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Središče mesta leži v koridorju med gorami, ki ga pogosto imenujejo tudi »Mekanska kotanja«. Območje vključuje dolino al-Taneem, dolino Bakkah in dolino Abqar.] Ta gorata lega je opredelila sodobno širitev mesta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podnebje">Podnebje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi razdelek: Podnebje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=17" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Podnebje"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meka ima vroče puščavsko podnebje. Kot večina mest v Saudovi Arabiji ima Meka tople do vroče temperature tudi pozimi, ki se gibljejo od 18 °C ponoči do 30 °C popoldne. Poletne temperature so izredno visoke in popoldne presežejo 40 °C, zvečer pa padejo do 30 ºC. V Meki običajno dežuje v majhnih količinah, padavine pa so razpršene od novembra do januarja. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Podnebni podatki za Mecca </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mesec </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">Maj </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Avg </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Okt </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Letno </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Rekordno visoka temperatura °C </th> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;">37.4 </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;">38.3 </td> <td style="background: #F20000; color:#FFFFFF;">42.4 </td> <td style="background: #D20000; color:#FFFFFF;">44.7 </td> <td style="background: #920000; color:#FFFFFF;">49.4 </td> <td style="background: #8F0000; color:#FFFFFF;">49.6 </td> <td style="background: #8C0000; color:#FFFFFF;">49.8 </td> <td style="background: #8D0000; color:#FFFFFF;">49.7 </td> <td style="background: #920000; color:#FFFFFF;">49.4 </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF;">47.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;">41.2 </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;">38.4 </td> <td style="background: #8C0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">49.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Povprečna visoka temperatura °C </th> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;">30.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;">31.7 </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;">34.9 </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;">38.7 </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;">42.0 </td> <td style="background: #DF0000; color:#FFFFFF;">43.8 </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;">43.0 </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;">42.8 </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;">42.8 </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;">40.1 </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;">35.2 </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;">32.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">38.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Povprečna dnevna temperatura °C </th> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;">24.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;">24.7 </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;">27.3 </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;">31.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;">34.3 </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;">35.8 </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;">35.9 </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;">35.7 </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;">35.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;">32.2 </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;">28.4 </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;">25.6 </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">30.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Povprečna nizka temperatura °C </th> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;">18.8 </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;">19.1 </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;">21.1 </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;">24.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;">27.6 </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;">28.6 </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;">29.1 </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;">29.5 </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">28.9 </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;">25.9 </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;">23.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;">20.3 </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">24.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Rekordno nizka temperatura °C </th> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;">20.3 </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;">22.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;">23.4 </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;">23.4 </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;">22.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;">16.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">10.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Povprečna količina padavin mm </th> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;">20.8 </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000;">22.6 </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;">22.1 </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">111.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Povp. št. dni s padavinami </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">22.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Povprečna <a href="/wiki/Vla%C5%BEnost#Relativna_vlažnost" title="Vlažnost">relativna vlažnost</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;">58 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;">54 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;">48 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;">43 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;">36 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;">33 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;">34 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;">39 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;">45 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">50 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;">58 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">59 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">59 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Povp. št. sončnih ur na dan </th> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;">7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;">8 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;">9 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;">10 </td> <td style="background: #F9F924; color:#000000;">11 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;">10 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;">9 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;">10 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;">10 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;">10 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;">8 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;">7 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Vir 1: Jeddah Regional Climate Center<sup id="cite_ref-JRCC_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JRCC-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Vir 2: Weather2Travel (sunshine)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viri_vode">Viri vode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi razdelek: Viri vode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=18" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Viri vode"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg/220px-%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg/330px-%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg/440px-%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2720" /></a><figcaption>Ustje vodnjaka Zamzam</figcaption></figure> <p>Zaradi podnebnih razmer v Meki je bilo pomanjkanje vode problem skozi njeno zgodovino. V predmoderni Meki je mesto uporabljalo nekaj glavnih virov vode. Med njimi so bili lokalni vodnjaki, kot je <a href="/wiki/Vodnjak_Zamzam" title="Vodnjak Zamzam">vodnjak Zamzam</a>, ki je na splošno proizvajal brakično vodo. Iskanje trajnostnega vodnega vira za oskrbo stalnega prebivalstva Meke in velikega števila letnih romarjev je bil podvig, ki se je začel v obdobju Abasidov pod pokroviteljstvom Zubajde, žene kalifa Haruna al-Rašida.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donirala je sredstva za poglobitev vodnjaka Zamzam in financirala obsežen gradbeni projekt, ki je verjetno stal 1,75 milijona zlatih dinarjev. Projekt je obsegal izgradnjo podzemnega akvadukta <a href="/wiki/Arabsko" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabsko">arabsko</a> <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عين حنين</span>, <small>latinizirano: </small><span title="arabskojezik latinizacija"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿAyn Ḥunayn</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Dobesedni_prevod" title="Dobesedni prevod">dob.</a> </small>''Izvir Hunayn'' in manjši vodni viri na območju do Meke poleg izgradnje vodovoda na gori Arafat, imenovan <a href="/wiki/Arabsko" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabsko">arabsko</a> <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عين زبيدة</span>, <small>latinizirano: </small><span title="arabskojezik latinizacija"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿAyn Zubayda</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Dobesedni_prevod" title="Dobesedni prevod">dob.</a> </small>''Izvir Zubayde'' z uporabo ločenega voda za povezavo z Meko in mošejo Masjid al-Haram. Sčasoma pa se je sistem poslabšal in ni več opravljal svoje funkcije. Tako so v letih 1245 n. št., 1361, 1400, 1474 in 1510 n. št. različni vladarji investirali v obsežna popravila sistema. Leta 1525 n. št. je zaradi sistemskih težav, ki so trajale, osmanski sultan <a href="/wiki/Sulejman_Veli%C4%8Dastni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulejman Veličastni">Sulejman Veličastni</a> začel z gradbenim projektom, da bi v celoti obnovil akvadukt. Projekt je bil dokončan do leta 1571. Njegova kakovost vode je bila v 19. stoletju zelo slaba, dokler se Osman Paša ni začel projekt obnove in čiščenja.<sup id="cite_ref-Literary_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Literary-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drugi vir, ki je občasno zagotavljal vodo, so bile padavine, ki so jih ljudje shranjevali v majhnih rezervoarjih ali cisternah. Po besedah al-Kurdija je bilo do leta 1965 89 poplav. V prejšnjem stoletju je bila najhujša poplava leta 1942. Od takrat so bili zgrajeni jezovi, da bi ublažili ta problem. </p><p>V sodobnem času so bile zgrajene in se gradijo čistilne naprave za vodo in naprave za razsoljevanje, da bi mestu zagotovile ustrezne količine vode, primerne za prehrano ljudi.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gospodarstvo">Gospodarstvo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi razdelek: Gospodarstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=19" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Gospodarstvo"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads,_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/440px-Pilgrims_cover_Arafat%27s_roads%2C_plains_and_mountain_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Romarji so gonilna sila mekinega gospodarstva.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gospodarstvo Meke je bilo močno odvisno od romarjev, ki prihajajo na umro in hadž. Dohodek, ustvarjen s pomočjo romarjev, ne poganja le gospodarstva Meke, ampak je v zgodovini imel daljnosežne učinke na gospodarstvo celotnega Arabskega polotoka. Dohodek je bil ustvarjen na več načinov. Ena od metod je bila obdavčitev romarjev. Davki so bili posebej povišani med veliko depresijo in mnogi od teh davkov so obstajali vse do leta 1972. Drug način, kako hadž ustvarja dohodek, so storitve za romarje. Na primer, saudski državni prevoznik <i>Saudia</i> ustvari 12 % svojega prihodka z romarji. Cene vozovnic, ki jih plačajo romarji, da pridejo do Meke po kopnem, prav tako ustvarjajo dohodek; kot tudi hoteli in nastanitvena podjetja, ki jih nastanijo. Mesto prejme več kot 100 milijonov dolarjev, medtem ko saudska vlada porabi približno 50 milijonov dolarjev za storitve za hadž. V mestu je nekaj industrij in tovarn, vendar Meka nima več pomembne vloge v gospodarstvu Saudove Arabije, ki v glavnem temelji na izvozu nafte.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nekaj industrij, ki delujejo v Meki, vključuje tekstil, pohištvo in posodo. Večina gospodarstva je storitveno usmerjena. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Hilton_Hotel_-_panoramio_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hilton_Hotel_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/220px-Hilton_Hotel_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hilton_Hotel_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/330px-Hilton_Hotel_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hilton_Hotel_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/440px-Hilton_Hotel_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Hilton Hotels & Resorts v Meki</figcaption></figure> <p>Različne vrste podjetij, ki obstajajo od leta 1970 v mestu, vključujejo proizvodnjo valovitega železa, pridobivanje bakra, mizarstvo, tapetništvo, pekarne, kmetijstvo in bančništvo. Mesto se je v 20. in 21. stoletju močno povečalo, saj sta udobje in cenovna dostopnost potovanj z letalom povečala število romarjev, ki sodelujejo v hadžu. Na tisoče Saudijcev je zaposlenih vse leto, da nadzorujejo hadž in delajo v hotelih in trgovinah, ki oskrbujejo romarje; ti delavci so povečali povpraševanje po stanovanjih in storitvah. Mesto je zdaj obdano z avtocestami in vsebuje nakupovalna središča in nebotičnike.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saudska uprava za industrijska mesta in tehnološke cone razvija novo industrijsko mesto v okrožju Al Akašija v Meki. Zajema površino 45 kvadratnih kilometrov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Človeški_viri"><span id=".C4.8Clove.C5.A1ki_viri"></span>Človeški viri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi razdelek: Človeški viri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=20" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Človeški viri"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formalno izobraževanje se je začelo razvijati v poznem osmanskem obdobju in se počasi nadaljevalo v časih Hašemita. Prvi večji poskus izboljšanja položaja je naredil džidski trgovec Muhammad Alī Zaynal Riḍā, ki je v letih 1911–1912 v Meki ustanovil Madrasat al-Falāḥ, ki je stal 400.000 GBP. Šolski sistem v Meki ima veliko javnih in zasebnih šol za moške in ženske. Leta 2005 je bilo 532 javnih in zasebnih šol za moške in še 681 javnih in zasebnih šol za učenke.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medij poučevanja v javnih in zasebnih šolah je arabščina s poudarkom na angleščini kot drugem jeziku, vendar nekatere zasebne šole, ki so jih ustanovili tuji subjekti, kot so mednarodne šole, uporabljajo angleški jezik kot medij poučevanja. Nekatere od teh šol so kombinirane, druge pa ne. Za visokošolsko izobraževanje ima mesto samo eno univerzo, univerzo Umm Al-Qura, ki je bila ustanovljena leta 1949 kot visoka šola in je leta 1981 postala javna univerza. </p><p>Saudska vlada zagotavlja brezplačno zdravstveno varstvo vsem romarjem. V Meki je deset glavnih bolnišnic. Obstaja tudi veliko klinik, ki so na voljo tako za prebivalce kot za romarje. Med hadžem je postavljenih več začasnih klinik za oskrbo ranjenih romarjev. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi razdelek: Kultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=21" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Kultura"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_meca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_meca.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_meca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_meca.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_meca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_meca.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_meca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>Mošeja Al-Haram in Kaba</figcaption></figure> <p>Na kulturo Meke je vplivalo veliko število romarjev, ki vsako leto prispejo, zato se ponaša z bogato kulturno dediščino. Zaradi velikega števila romarjev je Meka postala daleč najbolj raznoliko mesto v muslimanskem svetu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Šport"><span id=".C5.A0port"></span>Šport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Uredi razdelek: Šport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=22" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Šport"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V predmoderni Meki so bili najpogostejši športi improvizirana rokoborba in peš dirke. Nogomet je zdaj najbolj priljubljen šport v Meki in kraljestvu, mesto pa gosti nekaj najstarejših športnih klubov v Saudovi Arabiji, kot je Al Wahda FC (ustanovljen leta 1945). Stadion King Abdulaziz je največji stadion v Meki s kapaciteto 38.000 gledalcev.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arhitekturne_znamenitosti">Arhitekturne znamenitosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Uredi razdelek: Arhitekturne znamenitosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=23" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Arhitekturne znamenitosti"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glej tudi: Sveta mesta v Meki Južno pročelje Masjid al-Harama krasi kompleks <a href="/wiki/Abrad%C5%BE_Al_Bait" title="Abradž Al Bait">Abradž Al Bait</a>; ki se dviga nad Veliko mošejo, je kompleks sedmih stavb z osrednjim stolpom z uro, visokim 601 m, in je četrta najvišja stavba na svetu. Vseh sedem objektov v kompleksu tvori tudi tretjo največjo stavbo po površini. </p><p>Vrata Meke, popularno znana kot vrata Korana, sedijo na zahodnem vhodu v mesto, na poti iz Džide. So na avtocesti 40 in označuje mejo območja Harama, kamor je nemuslimanom prepovedan vstop. Vrata je leta 1979 zasnoval egiptovski arhitekt Samir Elabd za arhitekturno podjetje IDEA Center. Struktura je podobna knjigi, ki predstavlja Koran, ki leži na <i>rehalu</i> ali knjižnem naslonu.<sup id="cite_ref-Makkah_Gate_Design_-_elabdarchitecture.com_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makkah_Gate_Design_-_elabdarchitecture.com-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glej_tudi">Glej tudi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Uredi razdelek: Glej tudi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=24" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Glej tudi"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seznam_mest_v_Saudovi_Arabiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seznam mest v Saudovi Arabiji (stran ne obstaja)">seznam mest v Saudovi Arabiji</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opombe">Opombe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Uredi razdelek: Opombe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=25" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Opombe"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabsko" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabsko">arabsko</a> <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة</span>, <small>latinizirano: </small><span title="arabskojezik latinizacija"><i lang="ar-Latn">Makkah al-Mukarramah</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Dobesedni_prevod" title="Dobesedni prevod">dob.</a> </small>'Makkah the Noble', <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6221847">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">dedžaško arabsko:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="acw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:IPA/Hed%C5%BEa%C5%A1ka_arab%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomoč:IPA/Hedžaška arabščina">[makːa<span class="wrap"> </span>almʊkarːama]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabsko" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabsko">arabsko</a> <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مَكَّة</span> <span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Makkah</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6221847"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">dedžaško arabsko:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="acw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:IPA/Hed%C5%BEa%C5%A1ka_arab%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomoč:IPA/Hedžaška arabščina">[ˈmakːa]</a></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Possibly following their pilgrimage in 805 CE and seeing the city's issues with its water supply.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sklici">Sklici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Uredi razdelek: Sklici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=26" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Sklici"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980307">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«""›""‹"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dompetdhuafa.org/en/the-history-of-kaaba-construction-and-its-renovation-over-time/">»The History of Kaaba Construction and Its Renovation Over Time«</a>. <i>Dompet Dhuafa</i>. 15. maj 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 30. julija 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Dompet+Dhuafa&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Kaaba+Construction+and+Its+Renovation+Over+Time&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dompetdhuafa.org%2Fen%2Fthe-history-of-kaaba-construction-and-its-renovation-over-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holymakkah.gov.sa/">Mecca Municipality</a>. Holymakkah.gov.sa. Retrieved 2013-02-03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/saudiarabia/makkah/0201__makkah_al_mukarramah/">»Mecca Governorate«</a>. <i>City Population</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 3. februarja 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=City+Population&rft.atitle=Mecca+Governorate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fsaudiarabia%2Fmakkah%2F0201__makkah_al_mukarramah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA724"><i>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary</i></a>. Merriam-Webster. 2001. str. 724. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-87779-546-9" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-87779-546-9"><bdi>978-0-87779-546-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Geographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=724&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-546-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCo_VIPIJerIC%26pg%3DPA724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/saudiarabia/makkah/makkah_al_mukarramah/02002__makkah/">»Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information«</a>. <i>City Population</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 3. februarja 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=City+Population&rft.atitle=Makkah+%28Makkah+al-Mukarramah%2C+Mecca+Region%2C+Saudi+Arabia%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map%2C+Location%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fsaudiarabia%2Fmakkah%2Fmakkah_al_mukarramah%2F02002__makkah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage">»Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage«</a>. <i>Salamislam</i>. 3. januar 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 31. maja 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 31. maja 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Salamislam&rft.atitle=Hajj+The+Holy+Pilgrimage&rft.date=2021-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsalamislam.com%2Farticles%2Fpractical-principles%2Fhajj-holy-pilgrimage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euromonitor.com/press/press-releases/dec-2023/euromonitor-internationals-report-reveals-worlds-top-100-city-destinations-for-2023">»Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…«</a>. <i>Euromonitor</i>. 13. december 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 29. februarja 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Euromonitor&rft.atitle=Euromonitor+International%27s+report+reveals+world%27s+Top+100%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euromonitor.com%2Fpress%2Fpress-releases%2Fdec-2023%2Feuromonitor-internationals-report-reveals-worlds-top-100-city-destinations-for-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFOgle2015" class="citation book cs1">Ogle, Vanessa (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/globaltransforma0000ogle"><i>The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950</i></a>. Harvard University Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/globaltransforma0000ogle/page/n184">173</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-674-28614-6" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-674-28614-6"><bdi>978-0-674-28614-6</bdi></a>. <q>Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+Global+Transformation+of+Time%3A+1870%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-674-28614-6&rft.aulast=Ogle&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglobaltransforma0000ogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2013" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). <i>Literary History Of The Arabs</i>. Routledge. str. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-136-17016-4" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-136-17016-4"><bdi>978-1-136-17016-4</bdi></a>. <q>Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Literary+History+Of+The+Arabs&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-17016-4&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Reynold+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFKhan,_A_M2003" class="citation book cs1">Khan, A M (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcMHD5WWL7AC&pg=PA26"><i>Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith</i></a>. Global Vision Publishing Ho. str. 26–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-81-87746-47-8" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-81-87746-47-8"><bdi>978-81-87746-47-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Historical+Value+Of+The+Qur+An+And+The+Hadith&rft.pages=26-&rft.pub=Global+Vision+Publishing+Ho&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-87746-47-8&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZcMHD5WWL7AC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Laithy,_Ahmed2005" class="citation book cs1">Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ShMqiiJbNYC&pg=PA61"><i>What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an</i></a>. Garant. str. 61–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-90-441-1774-5" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-90-441-1774-5"><bdi>978-90-441-1774-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=What+Everyone+Should+Know+About+the+Qur%27an&rft.pages=61-&rft.pub=Garant&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-441-1774-5&rft.au=Al-Laithy%2C+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ShMqiiJbNYC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFNasr2005" class="citation book cs1">Nasr, Seyyed (2005). <i>Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam</i>. Aperture. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/0-89381-752-X" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/0-89381-752-X"><bdi>0-89381-752-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Mecca%2C+The+Blessed%2C+Medina%2C+The+Radiant%3A+The+Holiest+Cities+of+Islam&rft.pub=Aperture&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-89381-752-X&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBayat2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bayat, Ehsan (28. januar 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehsanbayat.com/6-facts-you-need-to-know-about-the-abraj-al-bait-clock-tower/">»Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower«</a>. <i>Dr. Ehsan Bayat</i> (v ameriški angleščini)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 19. junija 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Ehsan+Bayat&rft.atitle=Dr.+Ehsan+Bayat+-+6+Facts+You+Need+to+Know+about+the+Abraj+Al-Bait+Clock+Tower&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.aulast=Bayat&rft.aufirst=Ehsan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehsanbayat.com%2F6-facts-you-need-to-know-about-the-abraj-al-bait-clock-tower%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wahhabi">»Wahhābī (Islamic movement)«</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Edinburgh: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 9. junij 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626201633/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wahhabi">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 26. junija 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 8. septembra 2020</span>. <q>Ker vahabizem prepoveduje čaščenje svetišč, grobnic in svetih predmetov, so bili številni kraji, povezani z zgodnjo zgodovino islama, kot so domovi in grobovi Mohamedovih spremljevalcev, pod saudsko oblastjo porušeni. Naravovarstveniki so ocenili, da je kar 95 odstotkov zgodovinskih krajev okoli Meke in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medine (stran ne obstaja)">Medine</a> uničenih.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knji%C5%BEni+predmet&rft.atitle=Wahh%C4%81b%C4%AB+%28Islamic+movement%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FWahhabi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_enciklopedijo" title="Predloga:Navedi enciklopedijo">navedi enciklopedijo</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">zero width space character v <code class="cs1-code">|quote=</code> na mestu 152 (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#invisible_char" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peters_206-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-peters_206_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1994" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Francis E. (1994). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Z brezplačno registracijo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hajjmuslimpilgri0000pete"><i>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places</i></a></span>. Princeton University Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hajjmuslimpilgri0000pete/page/206">206</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-691-02619-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-691-02619-0"><bdi>978-0-691-02619-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+Hajj%3A+The+Muslim+Pilgrimage+to+Mecca+and+the+Holy+Places&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-691-02619-0&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhajjmuslimpilgri0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2011" class="citation book cs1">Esposito, John L. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2wSVQI3Ya2EC&pg=PA25"><i>What everyone needs to know about Islam</i></a>. Oxford University Press. str. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-19-979413-3" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-19-979413-3"><bdi>978-0-19-979413-3</bdi></a>. <q>Mecca, like Medina, is closed to non-Muslims</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=What+everyone+needs+to+know+about+Islam&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-979413-3&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2wSVQI3Ya2EC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFSample2010" class="citation news cs1">Sample, Ian (14. julij 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/jul/14/ape-ancestors-fossil-skull-saadanius">»Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate«</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927160050/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/jul/14/ape-ancestors-fossil-skull-saadanius">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 27. septembra 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ape+ancestors+brought+to+life+by+fossil+skull+of+%27Saadanius%27+primate&rft.date=2010-07-14&rft.aulast=Sample&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2010%2Fjul%2F14%2Fape-ancestors-fossil-skull-saadanius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLaursen2010" class="citation journal cs1">Laursen, Lucas (2010). »Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor«. <i>Nature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews.2010.354">10.1038/news.2010.354</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Fossil+skull+fingered+as+ape%E2%80%93monkey+ancestor&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnews.2010.354&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.aulast=Laursen&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Ateeqi2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Al-Ateeqi, Binimad (2020). <i>Makkah at the Time of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH)</i> (v angleščini). Independently Published (objavljeno 17. marec 2020). str. 146–149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1710858853" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1710858853"><bdi>978-1710858853</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Makkah+at+the+Time+of+Prophet+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+%28PBUH%29&rft.pages=146-149&rft.pub=Independently+Published&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1710858853&rft.aulast=Al-Ateeqi&rft.aufirst=Binimad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holland, Tom; In the Shadow of the Sword; Little, Brown; 2012; p. 471</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Translated by C.H. Oldfather, <i>Diodorus Of Sicily, Volume II</i>, William Heinemann Ltd., London & Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1935, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan Retsö, The Arabs in Antiquity (2003), 295–300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Photius, Diodorus and Strabo (English): Stanley M. Burnstein (tr.), Agatharchides of Cnidus: On the Eritraean Sea (1989), 132–173, esp. 152–3 (§92).)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBowersock2017" class="citation book cs1">Bowersock, G. W. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crucibleofislam0000bowe"><i>The crucible of Islam</i></a>. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. str. 53–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-674-05776-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-674-05776-0"><bdi>978-0-674-05776-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+crucible+of+Islam&rft.place=Cambridge+%28Mass.%29&rft.pages=53-55&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-674-05776-0&rft.aulast=Bowersock&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrucibleofislam0000bowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crane, P. <i>Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam</i>, 1987, p.136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFShahid1995" class="citation book cs1">Shahid, Irfan (1995). <i>Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, volume 1, part 1</i>. Dumbarton Oaks. str. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-88402-284-8" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-88402-284-8"><bdi>978-0-88402-284-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Arabs+in+the+Sixth+Century%2C+volume+1%2C+part+1&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-284-8&rft.aulast=Shahid&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFProcopius" class="citation book cs1">Procopius. <i>History</i>. str. I.xix.14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=History&rft.pages=I.xix.14&rft.au=Procopius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glasse1991-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Glasse1991_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFGlassé1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Glassé, Cyril (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dlPuAAAAMAAJ">»Kaaba«</a>. <i>The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam</i>. HarperSanFrancisco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/0-0606-3126-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/0-0606-3126-0"><bdi>0-0606-3126-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knji%C5%BEni+predmet&rft.atitle=Kaaba&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pub=HarperSanFrancisco&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-0606-3126-0&rft.aulast=Glass%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdlPuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lings1983-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lings1983_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLings1983" class="citation book cs1">Lings, Martin (1983). <i>Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources</i>. Islamic Texts Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-946621-33-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-946621-33-0"><bdi>978-0-946621-33-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+His+Life+Based+on+the+Earliest+Sources&rft.pub=Islamic+Texts+Society&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-946621-33-0&rft.aulast=Lings&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Lankester Harding & Enno Littman, Some Thamudic Inscriptions from the Hashimite Kingdom of the Jordan (Leiden, Netherlands – 1952), p. 19, Inscription No. 112A</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jawwad Ali, The Detailed History of Arabs before Islam (1993), Vol. 4, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHawting,_G.R.1980" class="citation journal cs1">Hawting, G.R. (1980). »The Disappearance and Rediscovery of Zamzam and the 'Well of the Ka'ba'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>«. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>. <b>43</b> (1): 44–54 (44). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00110523">10.1017/S0041977X00110523</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifikator)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/616125">616125</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifikator)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162654756">162654756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=The+Disappearance+and+Rediscovery+of+Zamzam+and+the+%27Well+of+the+Ka%27ba%27&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-54+%2844%29&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162654756%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F616125%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00110523&rft.au=Hawting%2C+G.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIE-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EIE_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods", <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lapidus-14-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lapidus-14_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lapidus">Lapidus</a>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBauer,_S._Wise2010" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, S. Wise (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1u2oP2RihIgC&pg=PA243"><i>The history of the medieval world: from the conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade</i></a>. W.W. Norton & Company. str. 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-393-05975-5" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-393-05975-5"><bdi>978-0-393-05975-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+medieval+world%3A+from+the+conversion+of+Constantine+to+the+First+Crusade&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05975-5&rft.au=Bauer%2C+S.+Wise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1u2oP2RihIgC%26pg%3DPA243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hajjah-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hajjah_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHajjah_Adil2002" class="citation book cs1">Hajjah Adil, Amina (2002). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Z brezplačno registracijo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadmessenge0000adil"><i>Prophet Muhammad</i></a></span>. Islamic Supreme Council of America (ISCA). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/1-930409-11-7" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/1-930409-11-7"><bdi>1-930409-11-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Prophet+Muhammad&rft.pub=Islamic+Supreme+Council+of+America+%28ISCA%29&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-930409-11-7&rft.aulast=Hajjah+Adil&rft.aufirst=Amina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadmessenge0000adil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DACB-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DACB_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/_abraha.html">"Abraha."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113213718/http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/_abraha.html">Arhivirano</a> 13 January 2016 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Dictionary of African Christian Biographies</i>. 2007. (last accessed 11 April 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-islam.org/life-muhammad-prophet-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/year-elephant">»The Year of the Elephant«</a>. <i>Al-Islam.org</i> (v angleščini). 18. oktober 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 7. julija 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Al-Islam.org&rft.atitle=The+Year+of+the+Elephant&rft.date=2012-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Flife-muhammad-prophet-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi%2Fyear-elephant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aliftaa.jo/ArticleEn.aspx?ArticleId=2462">»Significance Behind Prophet Mohammad's Birth in the Year of the Elephant«</a>. <i>aliftaa.jo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 7. julija 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=aliftaa.jo&rft.atitle=Significance+Behind+Prophet+Mohammad%27s+Birth+in+the+Year+of+the+Elephant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faliftaa.jo%2FArticleEn.aspx%3FArticleId%3D2462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lapidus-32-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lapidus-32_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Lapidus">Lapidus</a>, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0832430.html">»Mecca«</a>. Infoplease.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100817083014/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0832430.html">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 17. avgusta 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. aprila 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Mecca&rft.pub=Infoplease.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fce6%2Fworld%2FA0832430.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090721033845/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/blackDeath.html">»The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death)«</a>. Ucalgary.ca. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/blackDeath.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 21. julija 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. aprila 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+World+to+1600%3A+The+Mongol+Invasions+%28The+Black+Death%29&rft.pub=Ucalgary.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucalgary.ca%2Fapplied_history%2Ftutor%2Fislam%2Fmongols%2FblackDeath.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chisholm, Hugh, ur. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mecca"><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mecca">»Mecca« </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Enciklopedija_Britannica" title="Enciklopedija Britannica">Enciklopedija Britannica</a></i> (v angleščini). Zv. 17 (11. izd.). Cambridge University Press. str. 952.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knji%C5%BEni+predmet&rft.atitle=Mecca&rft.btitle=Enciklopedija+Britannica&rft.pages=952&rft.edition=11.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/7.htm">The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721222356/http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/7.htm">Arhivirano</a> 21 July 2011 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.". Library of Congress Country Studies.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh_Rayment" class="citation web cs1">Leigh Rayment. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617222339/http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/varthema.html">»Ludovico di Varthema«</a>. <i>Discoverers Web</i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/varthema.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 17. junija 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Discoverers+Web&rft.atitle=Ludovico+di+Varthema&rft.au=Leigh+Rayment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.win.tue.nl%2F~engels%2Fdiscovery%2Fvarthema.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/114078/cholera/253250/Seven-pandemics#ref=ref886683">Cholera (pathology)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627012745/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/114078/cholera/253250/Seven-pandemics">Arhivirano</a> 27 June 2009 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Daily Telegraph</i> Saturday 25 November 1916, reprinted in <i>Daily Telegraph</i> Friday 25 November 2016 issue (p. 36)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encarta-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-encarta_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028055612/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761577367/Mecca.html">"Mecca"</a> at Encarta. (Archived) 1 November 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018060953/http://www.siegeofmecca.com/">»The Siege of Mecca«</a>. Doubleday(US). 28. avgust 2007. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siegeofmecca.com">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 18. oktobra 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 3. avgusta 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.atitle=The+Siege+of+Mecca&rft.date=2007-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siegeofmecca.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent.co.uk-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-destruction-of-mecca-saudi-hardliners-are-wiping-out-their-own-heritage-501647.html">'The destruction of Mecca: Saudi hardliners are wiping out their own heritage'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110119151341/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-destruction-of-mecca-saudi-hardliners-are-wiping-out-their-own-heritage-501647.html">Arhivirano</a> 19 January 2011 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., The Independent, 6 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310011511/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/shame-of-the-house-of-saud-shadows-over-mecca-474736.html">'Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca'</a>, The Independent, 19 April 2006 | archived from the original on 10 March 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressandstar.com/days/1976-2000/1990.html">Express & Star</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200651/http://www.expressandstar.com/days/1976-2000/1990.html">Arhivirano</a> 3 March 2016 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Express & Star</i>. Retrieved 3 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/at-least-100-dead-390-hurt-in-stampede-during-haj-in-saudi-arabia-say-officials-1221489?pfrom=home-lateststories">»Over 700 Dead, 800 Injured in Stampede Near Mecca During Haj«</a>. NDTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925103415/http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/at-least-100-dead-390-hurt-in-stampede-during-haj-in-saudi-arabia-say-officials-1221489?pfrom=home-lateststories">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 25. septembra 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 24. septembra 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.atitle=Over+700+Dead%2C+800+Injured+in+Stampede+Near+Mecca+During+Haj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fworld-news%2Fat-least-100-dead-390-hurt-in-stampede-during-haj-in-saudi-arabia-say-officials-1221489%3Fpfrom%3Dhome-lateststories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/map/2027-august-2">»Total Solar Eclipse on August 2, 2027: Path Map and Times«</a>. <i>www.timeanddate.com</i> (v angleščini)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 23. marca 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=www.timeanddate.com&rft.atitle=Total+Solar+Eclipse+on+August+2%2C+2027%3A+Path+Map+and+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Feclipse%2Fmap%2F2027-august-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFAdil,_Salahi.2019" class="citation book cs1">Adil, Salahi. (2019). <i>Sahih Muslim (Volume 2) With the Full Commentary by Imam Nawawi</i>. Al-Nawawi, Imam., Muslim, Imam Abul-Husain. La Vergne: Kube Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-86037-767-2" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-86037-767-2"><bdi>978-0-86037-767-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1152068721">1152068721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Sahih+Muslim+%28Volume+2%29+With+the+Full+Commentary+by+Imam+Nawawi.&rft.place=La+Vergne&rft.pub=Kube+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1152068721&rft.isbn=978-0-86037-767-2&rft.au=Adil%2C+Salahi.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-madainmaqam-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-madainmaqam_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200909190553/https://madainproject.com/station_of_abraham">»Maqam Ibrahim (Station of Abraham)«</a>. <i>Madain Project</i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madainproject.com/station_of_abraham">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 9. septembra 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 9. septembra 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Madain+Project&rft.atitle=Maqam+Ibrahim+%28Station+of+Abraham%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadainproject.com%2Fstation_of_abraham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daralkiswa-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-daralkiswa_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFNassar2013" class="citation book cs1">Nassar, Nahla (2013). »Dar al-Kiswa al-Sharifa: Administration and Production«. V Porter, Venetia; Saif, Liana (ur.). <i>The Hajj: collected essays</i>. London: The British Museum. str. 176–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-86159-193-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-86159-193-0"><bdi>978-0-86159-193-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857109543">857109543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knji%C5%BEni+predmet&rft.atitle=Dar+al-Kiswa+al-Sharifa%3A+Administration+and+Production&rft.btitle=The+Hajj%3A+collected+essays&rft.place=London&rft.pages=176-178&rft.pub=The+British+Museum&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857109543&rft.isbn=978-0-86159-193-0&rft.aulast=Nassar&rft.aufirst=Nahla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-madainshaiba-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-madainshaiba_59-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200909191733/https://madainproject.com/bab_bani_shaiba">»<i>Bab Bani Shaiba</i>«</a>. <i>Madain Project</i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madainproject.com/bab_bani_shaiba">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 9. septembra 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 9. septembra 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Madain+Project&rft.atitle=Bab+Bani+Shaiba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadainproject.com%2Fbab_bani_shaiba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28">»الحصر الفعلي للحجاج«</a>. <i>General Authority for Statistics</i> (v arabščini). 17. december 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 29. junija 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=General+Authority+for+Statistics&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AC&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.sa%2Fen%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamonline.com/news/articles/21/What_is_Umrah_.html">»What is Umrah?«</a>. islamonline.com. 5. december 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722131048/http://islamonline.com/news/articles/21/What_is_Umrah_.html">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 22. julija 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.atitle=What+is+Umrah%3F&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislamonline.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F21%2FWhat_is_Umrah_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080215232900/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch1s7.html">»In the Shade of the Message and Prophethood«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch1s7.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 15. februarja 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 15. februarja 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=In+the+Shade+of+the+Message+and+Prophethood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.witness-pioneer.org%2Fvil%2FBooks%2FSM_tsn%2Fch1s7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_63-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org">http://www.witness-pioneer.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101111083717/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/">Arhivirano</a> 11 November 2010 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Retrieved 3 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070529170352/http://www.holymakkah.gov.sa/">»Mecca Municipality«</a>. Holymakkah.gov.sa. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holymakkah.gov.sa/">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 29. maja 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. aprila 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Mecca+Municipality&rft.pub=Holymakkah.gov.sa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holymakkah.gov.sa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JRCC-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JRCC_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512182826/http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Mecca.RTF">»Climate Data for Saudi Arabia«</a>. Jeddah Regional Climate Center. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jrcc.sa/reports_files/1985_2010Reports/Mecca.RTF">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 12. maja 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 29. oktobra 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Climate+Data+for+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=Jeddah+Regional+Climate+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjrcc.sa%2Freports_files%2F1985_2010Reports%2FMecca.RTF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/saudi-arabia/mecca.php">»Mecca Climate and Weather Averages, Saudi Arabia«</a>. Weather2Travel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 14. oktobra 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Mecca+Climate+and+Weather+Averages%2C+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=Weather2Travel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather2travel.com%2Fclimate-guides%2Fsaudi-arabia%2Fmecca.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Literary-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Literary_68-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1994" class="citation book cs1">Peters, F. E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meccaliteraryhis0000pete"><i>Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. str. 135–136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-4008-8736-1" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-4008-8736-1"><bdi>978-1-4008-8736-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/978697983">978697983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Mecca%3A+a+Literary+History+of+the+Muslim+Holy+Land.&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=135-136&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F978697983&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-8736-1&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=F.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmeccaliteraryhis0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.water-technology.net/uncategorised/newsfcc-aqualia-wins-contract-to-operate-two-wastewater-treatment-plants-in-mecca-saudi-arabia-4617046/">»FCC Aqualia wins contract to operate two wastewater treatment plants in Mecca, Saudi Arabia«</a>. <i>water-technology.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 11. oktobra 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=water-technology.net&rft.atitle=FCC+Aqualia+wins+contract+to+operate+two+wastewater+treatment+plants+in+Mecca%2C+Saudi+Arabia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.water-technology.net%2Funcategorised%2Fnewsfcc-aqualia-wins-contract-to-operate-two-wastewater-treatment-plants-in-mecca-saudi-arabia-4617046%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ge.com/news/reports/sun-sand-and-water-solar-powered-desalination-plant-will-help-supply-saudi-arabia-with">»Sun, Sand And Water: Solar-Powered Desalination Plant Will Help Supply Saudi Arabia With Fresh Water«</a>. <i>GE News</i> (v angleščini)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 11. oktobra 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=GE+News&rft.atitle=Sun%2C+Sand+And+Water%3A+Solar-Powered+Desalination+Plant+Will+Help+Supply+Saudi+Arabia+With+Fresh+Water&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ge.com%2Fnews%2Freports%2Fsun-sand-and-water-solar-powered-desalination-plant-will-help-supply-saudi-arabia-with&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mecca.</i> World Book Encyclopedia. 2003 edition. Volume M. p. 353</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHowden2006" class="citation news cs1">Howden, Daniel (19. april 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070520184851/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article358577.ece">»Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca«</a>. London: The Independent (UK). Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article358577.ece">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 20. maja 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 3. maja 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.atitle=Shame+of+the+House+of+Saud%3A+Shadows+over+Mecca&rft.date=2006-04-19&rft.aulast=Howden&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.independent.co.uk%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Farticle358577.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistical information department of the ministry of education:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.sa/statscenter/tawzee.rar">Statistical summary for education in Saudi Arabia</a> (AR) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091009/http://www.moe.gov.sa/statscenter/tawzee.rar">Arhivirano</a> 22 December 2015 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fussballtempel.net/afc/listeafc.html">Asian Football Stadiums</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090629224018/http://www.fussballtempel.net/afc/listeafc.html">Arhivirano</a> 29 June 2009 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. – Stadium King Abdul Aziz</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Makkah_Gate_Design_-_elabdarchitecture.com-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Makkah_Gate_Design_-_elabdarchitecture.com_75-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208203337/http://elabdarchitecture.com/resume.htm">»IDEA Center Projects«</a>. Elabdar Architecture. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elabdarchitecture.com/resume.htm">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 8. februarja 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=IDEA+Center+Projects&rft.pub=Elabdar+Architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felabdarchitecture.com%2Fresume.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AMeka" class="Z3988"></span> – Makkah Gate</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zunanje_povezave">Zunanje povezave</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Uredi razdelek: Zunanje povezave" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meka&action=edit&section=27" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Zunanje povezave"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5916282">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5911185">.mw-parser-output .plainlist 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