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Culture hero - Wikipedia
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heroes in mythology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_heroes_in_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_a_culture_hero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_a_culture_hero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History of a culture hero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_a_culture_hero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_a_culture_hero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_a_culture_hero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Creation of a culture hero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_a_culture_hero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics_of_a_culture_hero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics_of_a_culture_hero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Characteristics of a culture hero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics_of_a_culture_hero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disappearance_of_a_culture_hero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disappearance_of_a_culture_hero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Disappearance of a culture hero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disappearance_of_a_culture_hero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturheros" title="Kulturheros – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kulturheros" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84_%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="بطل ثقافي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطل ثقافي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Културен герой – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Културен герой" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Культурăлла герой – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Культурăлла герой" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturheros" title="Kulturheros – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kulturheros" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9roe_cultural" title="Héroe cultural – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Héroe cultural" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlawan_budaya" title="Pahlawan budaya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pahlawan budaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Культурон хъайтар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Культурон хъайтар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroe_culturale" title="Eroe culturale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eroe culturale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA" title="גיבור תרבות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיבור תרבות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heros_culturae" title="Heros culturae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Heros culturae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kult%C5%ABrinis_herojus" title="Kultūrinis herojus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kultūrinis herojus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultuurheld" title="Cultuurheld – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cultuurheld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84" title="文化英雄 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文化英雄" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturhelt" title="Kulturhelt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kulturhelt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohater_kulturowy" title="Bohater kulturowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bohater kulturowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%B3i_cultural" title="Herói cultural – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herói cultural" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Культурный герой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Культурный герой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Culture hero" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BClt%C3%BCrel_kahraman" title="Kültürel kahraman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kültürel kahraman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Культурний герой – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Культурний герой" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84" title="文化英雄 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文化英雄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q977690#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mythological hero who changes the world through invention or discovery</div> <p>A <b>culture hero</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mythological" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythological">mythological</a> <a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">hero</a> specific to some group (<a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a>, etc.) who changes the world through <a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">invention</a> or <a href="/wiki/Discovery_(observation)" title="Discovery (observation)">discovery</a>. Although many culture heroes help with the creation of the world, most culture heroes are important because of their effect on the world after creation. A typical culture hero might be credited as the <a href="/wiki/Theft_of_fire" title="Theft of fire">discoverer of fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">songs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">tradition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Religious_founder" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious founder">religion</a>, and is usually the most important legendary figure of a people, sometimes as the founder of its ruling <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_heroes_in_mythology">Culture heroes in mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_hero&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Culture heroes in mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_a_culture_hero">History of a culture hero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_hero&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of a culture hero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "culture hero" was originated by historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Breysig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Breysig (page does not exist)">Kurt Breysig</a>, who used the German word <i>heilbringer,</i> which translates to <i>savior</i>. Over the years, "culture hero" has been interpreted in many ways. Older interpretations by Breysig, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenreich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ehrenreich (page does not exist)">Paul Ehrenreich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Schmidt_(linguist)" title="Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist)">Wilhelm Schmidt</a> thought that the journeys of culture heroes were ways in which humans could attempt to understand things in nature, such as the rising and setting of the sun, or the movement of the stars and constellations. Eventually, their interpretations were rejected and replaced with newer interpretations by scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Baumann_(social_anthropologist)" title="Hermann Baumann (social anthropologist)">Hermann Baumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Ellegard_Jensen" title="Adolf Ellegard Jensen">Adolf E. Jensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a>, Otto Zerries, <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Pettazzoni" title="Raffaele Pettazzoni">Raffaele Pettazzoni</a>, and Harry Tegnaeus, which evolved as a result of having more access to ethnological data, creating the present version of the culture hero.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_a_culture_hero">Creation of a culture hero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_hero&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation of a culture hero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culture heroes can perform unbelievable tasks in life because they are different from normal people. Typically, a culture hero's power originates from birth, an event that rarely occurs regularly. When their mothers conceive, it is generally not by her husband but by the wind, or a drop of water. Newborn culture heroes are either very powerful babies or full-grown men, an attribute highlighting their exceptional nature.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characteristics_of_a_culture_hero">Characteristics of a culture hero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_hero&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Characteristics of a culture hero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A culture hero generally goes on an adventure (often called the <a href="/wiki/Hero%27s_journey" title="Hero's journey">hero's journey</a>) that does one of the following: </p> <ul><li>Saves humankind from a dangerous monster</li> <li>Shapes the world (rivers, mountains, etc...)</li> <li>Creates distinction between humans and animals</li> <li>Makes economic life possible for humans (teaching the humans)</li> <li>Sets the origin of death</li></ul> <p>Because culture heroes often possess <a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">shapeshifting</a> abilities, they often can transform from man to animal and back. The typical culture hero possesses both admirable and deplorable personal qualities, a combination that is often responsible for sending him on his great journey. Some culture heroes are <a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">tricksters</a>, acting selfishly and ultimately benefiting mankind only unintentionally.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disappearance_of_a_culture_hero">Disappearance of a culture hero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_hero&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Disappearance of a culture hero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once culture heroes have finished their task, they usually disappear. In many stories, the hero is transformed back to his origin, and his death place is marked with a stone, tree, or body of water. The end of a culture hero's life will generally lead to the creation of something else, such as a river, constellation, food, animals, and the moon and sun. Culture heroes are the <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiological</a> explanation for many humans about the things occurring in their daily lives.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_hero&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_culture_heroes" title="List of culture heroes">List of culture heroes</a></div> <p>In many <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> mythologies and beliefs, the <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyote</a> spirit stole fire from the gods (or stars or sun) and is more of a <a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">trickster</a> than a culture hero. Natives from the Southeastern United States typically saw a <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a> trickster/culture hero, and <a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Pacific Northwest native stories</a> often feature a <a href="/wiki/Raven" title="Raven">raven</a> in this role: in some stories, Raven steals fire from his uncle Beaver and eventually gives it to humans. In Greek mythology <a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a> has a similar role. The <a href="/wiki/Western_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Africa">Western African</a> trickster spider <a href="/wiki/Anansi" title="Anansi">Anansi</a> is also common. In Norse mythology, <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> steals the <a href="/wiki/Mead_of_poetry" title="Mead of poetry">mead of poetry</a> from <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Jötunheim">Jötunheim</a> and is credited as the discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">runes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_hero&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding myth">Founding myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culture_heroes" title="List of culture heroes">List of culture heroes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_hero&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFScott1964" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, William Henry (1964). "The Legend of Biag, an Igorot Culture Hero". <i>Asian Folklore Studies</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 93–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1177639">10.2307/1177639</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0385-2342">0385-2342</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1177639">1177639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Folklore+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Legend+of+Biag%2C+an+Igorot+Culture+Hero&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=93-110&rft.date=1964&rft.issn=0385-2342&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1177639%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1177639&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+hero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/">"Encyclopedia.com | Free Online Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia.com+%7C+Free+Online+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+hero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Long, Jerome H. (2005). "Culture Heroes". In Lindsay Jones; et al. (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Religion</i>. Vol. 3 (second ed.). Macmillan Reference USA: Thomas Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Culture+Heroes&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA%3A+Thomas+Gale&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Jerome+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+hero" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐fn5x6 Cached time: 20241122143707 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.144 seconds Real time usage: 0.193 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 436/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6126/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 780/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12120/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.088/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3770625/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 175.521 1 -total 54.24% 95.207 1 Template:Reflist 41.03% 72.014 1 Template:Cite_journal 33.21% 58.284 1 Template:Short_description 19.09% 33.514 2 Template:Pagetype 10.22% 17.938 1 Template:Main 8.44% 14.822 3 Template:Main_other 7.39% 12.975 1 Template:SDcat 3.20% 5.608 1 Template:Cite_encyclopedia 2.41% 4.238 1 Template:Cite_web --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:143364-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122143707 and revision id 1192738453. 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