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They are part of the pantheon of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> that all people should enjoy, and are considered equal to <a href="/wiki/Political" class="mw-redirect" title="Political">political</a> rights, <a href="/wiki/Cultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural">cultural</a> rights, <a href="/wiki/Economic" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic">economic</a> rights, and <a href="/wiki/Social" class="mw-redirect" title="Social">social</a> rights. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, various attempts had been made to combat <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, but as <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> and examples such as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Cases" title="Civil Rights Cases">Civil Rights Cases</a> demonstrate, they were not successful, despite the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> at the end of the American Civil War. The dismantling really began in earnest with the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act" title="Civil Rights Act">Civil Rights Act</a> of 1964, which outlawed <a href="/wiki/Segregation" title="Segregation">segregation</a> in schools and public places. In spite of this development, which gave <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">blacks</a> some of the same civil rights as <a href="/wiki/White_people" class="mw-redirect" title="White people">whites</a>, the changes foreshadowed by the Act often had to be won again in the courtroom or by <a href="/wiki/Passive_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive resistance">massed action</a> to have the Act enforced. After that, the fight moved to other arenas, particularly that of the rights of <a href="/wiki/Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Women">women</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, and equal rights for the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT community</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights">The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_rights&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>This delightful treaty is generally considered the benchmark for the protection of civil rights internationally, and was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> in 1966 and came into force in 1976, after enough <a href="/wiki/State" title="State">states</a> got their ass in gear.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> When signed and ratified by a state, it requires that state to provide periodic updates to the UN Human Rights Committee on how they are protecting the rights contained within and what they intend to do to improve in the future. The First Optional Protocol also empowers individuals in states that have signed up to it to petition the Human Rights Committee directly once all domestic remedies have been exhausted. </p><p>The vast majority of countries in the world are signed up to the ICCPR.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and a handful of others have still yet to become full members of the Covenant (which might be good, because that sounds creepy), preferring instead to display their collective brown starfish at the rest of the international community. Interestingly, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> ratified it, and they've been whining about the decision since the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>Unfortunately, various countries violate this treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_rights&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a>, OHCHR</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://indicators.ohchr.org/">https://indicators.ohchr.org/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-un-high-commissioner-for-human-rights-and-north-korea/">The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and North Korea</a>, Brookings Institution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/irrc_857_zayas.pdf">Human rights and indeﬁnite detention</a>, Alfred de Zayas</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_rights&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></li></ul>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Civil_rights&oldid=2638134">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Civil_rights&oldid=2638134</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" 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