CINXE.COM

Performance of phase 2 Tracker upgrade pixel-strip Module before and after irradiation - CERN Document Server

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <!--[if IEMobile 7]><html class="iem7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 6]><html class="ie6 ie6-7 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (IE 7)&(!IEMobile)]><html class="ie7 ie6-7 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]><html class="ie8 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|(gt IEMobile 7)]><!--><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><!--<![endif]--> <head> <title>Performance of phase 2 Tracker upgrade pixel-strip Module before and after irradiation - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" /> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar-ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio-ie7.css" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]> <style type="text/css">div.restrictedflag {filter:none;}</style> <![endif]--> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=en" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" /> <meta name="description" content="The Large Hadron Collider will undergo a luminosity upgrade targeting a peak instantaneous luminosity ranging from 5 up to 7.5$\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The ambitious goal of the High Luminosity LHC is to achieve a total of 3000--4000 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13--14 TeV by 2041. To cope with such challenging environmental conditions, the outer tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using closely spaced silicon sensors (pixels and strips) to survive in the harsh radiation environment. A pixel-strip module, composed of a pixel and a strip sensor, was tested at the Fermilab Test-Beam Facility to evaluate its ability to provide accurate tracking information, $p_{\rm T}$ discrimination, and optimal performance at the irradiation levels expected after being exposed to the harsh conditions of the High Luminosity LHC. The results of the test and the comparison of the module performance before and after irradiation will be presented in this poster. Sohail, Iqra" /> <meta name="keywords" content="General" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- WebNews CSS library --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" /> <!-- WebNews JS library --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script> <!-- GoogleScholar --> <meta content="Performance of phase 2 Tracker upgrade pixel-strip Module before and after irradiation" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Sohail, Iqra" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="2024/09/27" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/04"> <meta content="CMS-CR-2024-238" name="citation_technical_report_number" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171/files/CR2024_238.pdf" /> <!-- OpenGraph --> <meta content="Performance of phase 2 Tracker upgrade pixel-strip Module before and after irradiation" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="The Large Hadron Collider will undergo a luminosity upgrade targeting a peak instantaneous luminosity ranging from 5 up to 7.5$\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The ambitious goal of the High Luminosity LHC is to achieve a total of 3000--4000 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13--14 TeV by 2041. To cope with such challenging environmental conditions, the outer tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using closely spaced silicon sensors (pixels and strips) to survive in the harsh radiation environment. A pixel-strip module, composed of a pixel and a strip sensor, was tested at the Fermilab Test-Beam Facility to evaluate its ability to provide accurate tracking information, $p_{\rm T}$ discrimination, and optimal performance at the irradiation levels expected after being exposed to the harsh conditions of the High Luminosity LHC. The results of the test and the comparison of the module performance before and after irradiation will be presented in this poster." property="og:description" /> <!-- Twitter Card --> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CMS32Preprints search" lang="en"> <!-- toolbar starts --> <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=en&amp;referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2916171%3Fln%3Den" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- toolbar ends --> <!-- Nav header starts--> <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup><!-- /#name-and-slogan --> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=en">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=en">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=en">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=en">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Nav header ends--> <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=en" class="navtrail">Home</a> &gt; <a href="/collection/CMS%20Collection?ln=en" class="navtrail">CMS Collection</a> &gt; <a href="/collection/CMS%20Preprints?ln=en" class="navtrail">CMS Preprints</a> &gt; Performance of phase 2 Tracker upgrade pixel-strip Module before and after irradiation </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2916171/?ln=en">Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2916171/references?ln=en">References </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2916171/comments?ln=en">Discussion (0) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2916171/files?ln=en">Files </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px">&nbsp;</div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside"> <!--<div style="height:0.1em;">&nbsp;</div> <p class="notopgap">&nbsp;</p>--> <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2916171"></abbr> <!-- Add download buttons css --> <link href="/img/download_and_embed_buttons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style type="text/css"> <!-- ul.detailedrecordtabs li.on a{background-color:#4D94CC;color:#fff !important;border-bottom:1px solid #4D94CC!important;} div.detailedrecordboxcontent {padding-top:0px !important;} table.formatRecordTableFullWidth #download_movie_box { width: 500px; margin: 0; } table.formatRecordTableFullWidth #embed_video_box { width: inherit; margin: 0; } --> .video_talk_wrapper{ max-width: 640px; min-height: 360px; } </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth"> <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2"> <!--YTD: record may have more than one 690C.a tag--> CMS Note </td> </tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Report number </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">CMS-CR-2024-238</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Performance of phase 2 Tracker upgrade pixel-strip Module before and after irradiation</b></td></tr> <style> .video_control_container, #video_controlbutton { display: none; }#video_detailbox_download {display: none;}#video_detailbox_embed {display: none;}</style> <div class="video_control_container"> <div style="box-sizing: inherit;position: relative;min-height: 1em;margin: 1em 0;background: #f8f8f9;padding: 1em 1.5em;line-height: 1.4285em;transition: opacity .1s ease,color .1s ease,background .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;border-radius: .28571429rem;font-size: 1.1em;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 6px;background-color: #f8ffff;color: #276f86;box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #a9d5de inset,0 0 0 0 transparent;"> <i class="fa fa-info"></i><span style="padding-left: 9px;">If you experience any problem watching the video, click the download button below</span> </div> <a id="video_controlbutton_download" rel="download_button" class="video_controlbutton" href="#">Download</a> <a id="video_controlbutton_embed" class="video_controlbutton" href="#">Embed</a> </div> <div id="video_detailbox_download" style="margin:10px"> </div> <div id="video_detailbox_embed" style="margin:10px"> </div> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Author(s)</span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&amp;p=Sohail%2C%20Iqra&amp;ln=en">Sohail, Iqra</a> (Quaid-i-Azam U.)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2024</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Collaboration </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">CMS Collaboration</td></tr> <!-- In case of ``980__a:E-LEARNING``, the label is changed by a javascript code above as requested on RQF0820114 --> <script type="text/javascript"> /* * Changes the Imprint title to Date - Duration as requested by RQF0820114 * This is a hack not to touch the general imprint format element */ $(document).ready(function() { var collections = 'INTNOTECMSPUBL ; ConferencePaper ; PREPRINT'; if (collections.indexOf('E-LEARNING') > -1) { $('.cern-imprint-label').text('Date - Duration'); } }) </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel cern-imprint-label"> Imprint </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">27 Sep 2024</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">6</td></tr> <!-- End --> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Presented at </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2897247">12th Edition of the Large Hadron Collider Physics Conference</a>, Boston, Us, 3 - 7 Jun 2024</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Detectors and Experimental Techniques</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Accelerator/Facility, Experiment </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CERN%20LHC&amp;f=693__a">CERN LHC</a> ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CMS&amp;f=693__e">CMS</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Keywords </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=keyword&p=General&amp;ln=en">General</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">The Large Hadron Collider will undergo a luminosity upgrade targeting a peak instantaneous luminosity ranging from 5 up to 7.5$\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The ambitious goal of the High Luminosity LHC is to achieve a total of 3000--4000 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13--14 TeV by 2041. To cope with such challenging environmental conditions, the outer tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using closely spaced silicon sensors (pixels and strips) to survive in the harsh radiation environment. A pixel-strip module, composed of a pixel and a strip sensor, was tested at the Fermilab Test-Beam Facility to evaluate its ability to provide accurate tracking information, $p_{\rm T}$ discrimination, and optimal performance at the irradiation levels expected after being exposed to the harsh conditions of the High Luminosity LHC. The results of the test and the comparison of the module performance before and after irradiation will be presented in this poster.</td></tr> </table> <br/><div><div style="clear: both;">&nbsp;</div></div> <script type="text/javascript"> // Initially hide: $(".longCaption").hide(); // Allow to toggle visibility: $(".toggleLongCaption").toggle(function(){ $(this).siblings(".longCaption").show('fast'); var thisElem = $(this); thisElem.text(thisElem.text() === "more" ? "less" : "more"); },function(){ $(this).siblings(".longCaption").hide('fast'); var thisElem = $(this); thisElem.text(thisElem.text() === "more" ? "less" : "more"); }); </script> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Back to search</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px">&nbsp;Record created 2024-11-04, last modified 2024-11-05</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"><a href="/search?ln=en&amp;p=recid%3A2916171&amp;rm=wrd" class="moreinfo">Similar records</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Fulltext:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2916171/files/CR2024_238.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Download fulltext" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=en&amp;recid=2916171">Add to personal basket</a></li> <li>Export as <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2916171/export/hx?ln=en">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2916171/export/hm?ln=en">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2916171/export/xm?ln=en">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2916171/export/xd?ln=en">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2916171/export/xe?ln=en">EndNote</a>, <!-- <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2916171/export/xe8x?ln=en">EndNote (8-X)</a>,--> <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2916171/export/xn?ln=en">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2916171/export/xw?ln=en">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'> <!-- JQuery Bookmark Button BEGIN --> <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2916171/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2916171', addEmail: true, title: "Performance of phase 2 Tracker upgrade pixel-strip Module before and after irradiation", description: "The Large Hadron Collider will undergo a luminosity upgrade targeting a peak instantaneous luminosity ranging from 5 up to 7.5$\\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The ambitious goal of the High Luminosity LHC is to achieve a total of 3000--4000 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13--14 TeV by 2041. To cope with such challenging environmental conditions, the outer tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using closely spaced silicon sensors (pixels and strips) to survive in the harsh radiation environment. A pixel-strip module, composed of a pixel and a strip sensor, was tested at the Fermilab Test-Beam Facility to evaluate its ability to provide accurate tracking information, $p_{\\rm T}$ discrimination, and optimal performance at the irradiation levels expected after being exposed to the harsh conditions of the High Luminosity LHC. The results of the test and the comparison of the module performance before and after irradiation will be presented in this poster." }); // ]]> </script> <!-- JQuery Bookmark Button END --> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix"> <!-- replaced page footer --> <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server&nbsp;::&nbsp;<a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=en">Search</a>&nbsp;::&nbsp;<a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=en">Submit</a>&nbsp;::&nbsp;<a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=en">Personalize</a>&nbsp;::&nbsp;<a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=en">Help</a>&nbsp;::&nbsp;<a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Maintained by <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? Contact <a href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Support</a>. <br /> </div> <div class="pagefooterstriperight"> <div class="cern-logo"> <a id="logo" href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN" rel="CERN" ><img src="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/img/cern-logo-large.png" alt="CERN" /></a> </div> <div class="cern-languagebox"> This site is also available in the following languages:<br /><a href="/record/2916171?ln=bg" class="langinfo">Български</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=ca" class="langinfo">Català</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=de" class="langinfo">Deutsch</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=el" class="langinfo">Ελληνικά</a> &nbsp;<span class="langinfo">English</span> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=es" class="langinfo">Español</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=fr" class="langinfo">Français</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=hr" class="langinfo">Hrvatski</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=it" class="langinfo">Italiano</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=ja" class="langinfo">日本語</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=ka" class="langinfo">ქართული</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=no" class="langinfo">Norsk/Bokmål</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=pl" class="langinfo">Polski</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=pt" class="langinfo">Português</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=ru" class="langinfo">Русский</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=sk" class="langinfo">Slovensky</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=sv" class="langinfo">Svenska</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=zh_CN" class="langinfo">中文(简)</a> &nbsp;<a href="/record/2916171?ln=zh_TW" class="langinfo">中文(繁)</a> </div> </div> <!-- replaced page footer --> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var SyndeticsBookCovers = (function() { var SMALL_SIZE = "sc.gif", MEDIUM_SIZE = "mc.gif", RAW_URL = "https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=THEISBN/THESIZE&client=cernlibrary"; replaceCover = function(imgElement, isbns, hdFormat) { var img = new Image(), size = hdFormat ? MEDIUM_SIZE : SMALL_SIZE; var _isbns = isbns.sort(function(a, b) { // sort from shortest to longest ISBN (more modern) return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1; }); function next() { var isbn = _isbns.pop(); if (isbn) { var url = RAW_URL.replace("THEISBN", isbn).replace("THESIZE", size); img.src = url; } } function done() { imgElement.src = img.src; } img.onload = function() { if (this.width > 1) { done(); } else { next(); } }; next(); }; return { replaceCover: replaceCover }; })(); $(document).ready(function() { // get book covers $("img.book-cover").each(function() { var $this = $(this), strIsbns = $this.data("isbns") || "", isbnsArray = String(strIsbns).split(","), hdFormat = $this.hasClass("hd"); SyndeticsBookCovers.replaceCover(this, isbnsArray, hdFormat); }); // WebNews tooltips $.ajax({ url: "/news/tooltips", success: function(data) { create_tooltips(data); }, dataType: "json", cache: false }); }); </script> <!-- Feedback script --> <script src="//cds.cern.ch/js/feedback.js"></script> <!-- Feedback script --> <!-- Matomo --> <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '756']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Matomo Code --> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10