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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Oral+submucous+fibrosis%22">"Oral submucous fibrosis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Oral+submucous+fibrosis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Oral+submucous+fibrosis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Oral+submucous+fibrosis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oral+submucous+fibrosis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oral+submucous+fibrosis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Oral submucous fibrosis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>OSMF</b> or <b>OSF</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oral medicine and Dentistry and Oral Pathology</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oral submucous fibrosis</b> (OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant (1% transformation risk) condition of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta-<a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">epithelial</a> inflammatory reaction and progressive <a href="/wiki/Fibrosis" title="Fibrosis">fibrosis</a> of the sub<a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">mucosal</a> tissues (the <a href="/wiki/Lamina_propria" title="Lamina propria">lamina propria</a> and deeper connective tissues). As the disease progresses, the oral mucosa becomes fibrotic to the point that the person is unable to open the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The condition is remotely linked to <a href="/wiki/Oral_cancer" title="Oral cancer">oral cancers</a> and is associated with the chewing of <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a> and/or its byproducts, commonly practiced in South and South-East Asian countries.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incidence of OSF has also increased in western countries due to changing habits and population migration.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2></div> <ul><li>Per Jens J. Pindborg and <a href="/wiki/Satyavati_Motiram_Sirsat" title="Satyavati Motiram Sirsat">Satyavati Sirsat</a> (1966, pathological definition): 'An insidious chronic disease affecting any part of the oral cavity and sometimes the pharynx. Although occasionally preceded by and/or associated with vesicle formation, it is always associated with a juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction followed by a fibro-elastic change of the lamina propria, with epithelial atrophy leading to stiffness.'<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Per Mohit Sharma and Raghu Radhakrishnan (2019): 'An insidious, chronic potentially malignant fibrotic disorder affecting the entire oral cavity and sometimes the pharynx and oesophagus. Although occasionally preceded by and/or associated with vesicle formation, it is always associated with a juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction followed by a fibroelastic change of the lamina propria with epithelial atrophy leading to stiffness of the oral mucosa, progressive decrement in mouth opening and inability to eat'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Per Chandramani More and Naman Rao (2019, clinical definition): 'A debilitating, progressive, irreversible collagen metabolic disorder induced by chronic chewing of areca nut and its commercial preparations; affecting the oral mucosa and occasionally the pharynx and esophagus; leading to mucosal stiffness and functional morbidity; and has a potential risk of malignant transformation.'<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2></div> <p>The incidence of the disease is higher in people from certain parts of the world including South and South East Asian, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Eastern">Middle Eastern</a> countries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symptoms">Symptoms</h2></div> <p>In the initial phase of the disease, the mucosa feels leathery with palpable fibrotic bands. The oral mucosa loses resiliency in the advanced stage and becomes blanched and stiff. The condition is believed to begin in the posterior part of the oral cavity and gradually spread outward. The premise posterior to the anterior progression of oral submucous fibrosis has been recently challenged based on several reports stating that the disease may be restricted to the anterior part of the oral cavity without involvement of posterior parts; the sites are dictated by the manner of use anterior areas of the oral cavity when spitting and posterior when swallowed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other features of the disease include: </p> <ul><li>Xerostomia</li> <li>Recurrent ulceration</li> <li>Pain in the ear or deafness</li> <li>Nasal intonation of voice</li> <li>Restriction of the movement of the soft palate</li> <li>A budlike shrunken <a href="/wiki/Uvula" title="Uvula">uvula</a></li> <li>Thinning and stiffening of the lips</li> <li>Pigmentation of the oral mucosa</li> <li>Dryness of the mouth and burning sensation (stomatopyrosis)</li> <li>Decreased mouth opening and tongue protrusion</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2></div> <p>Dried products such as <a href="/wiki/Paan" class="mw-redirect" title="Paan">paan masala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gutkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutkha">gutkha</a> have higher concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a> and appear to cause the disease. Other causes include: </p> <ul><li>Immunological diseases</li> <li>Extreme climatic conditions</li> <li>Prolonged deficiency to iron and vitamins in the diet</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathogenesis">Pathogenesis</h2></div> <p>"Exposure to areca nut (Areca catechu) containing products with or without tobacco (ANCP/T) is currently believed to lead to OSF in individuals with genetic immunologic or nutritional predisposition to the disease."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This hypersensitivity reaction results in a juxta-epithelial inflammation that leads to increased fibroblastic activity and decreased breakdown of fibers. The fibroblasts are phenotypically modified, and the fibers they form are more stable, produce thicker bundles that progressively become less elastic. once the original loosely arranged fibrous tissue is replaced by the ongoing fibrosis, the movability of the oral tissues is reduced, there is loss of flexibility and reduced opening of the mouth. These collagen fibers are non degradable and the phagocytic activity is minimized.The role of pure capsaicin in the etiology and pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis has been debunked, as its has been shown to have antifibrotic and anticancer effects.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been shown by computational biology, capsaicin hinders the collagen fibre formation.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2015 cross-sectional study, the time taken for return of salivary pH to baseline levels after chewing areca-nut-containing mixtures is significantly longer in habitual users with OSF when compared to unaffected users.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prolonged alkaline pH induces death of the fetal fibroblast type and replacement by a profibrotic fibroblast.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The patterns of intraoral fibrotic bands produced by alkaline chemical injury mimic those produced by areca nut chewing.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharma et al. have equated the pathogenesis of OSF to an over-healing wound, to explain its evolution as well as malignant transformation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increased mechanical stiffness through YAP/TAZ pathway accelerates the malignant transformation of OSF.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The atrophic epithelium in OSF has been attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Senescence" title="Senescence">senescence</a> of the basal stem cell layer and the development of hyperplastic epithelium through senescence escape.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The role of senescence in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis has been supported by further research.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3></div> <p>Oral submucous fibrosis is clinically divided into three stages:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Stage 1: Stomatitis</li> <li>Stage 2: Fibrosis <ul><li>a. Early lesions, blanching of the oral mucosa</li> <li>b. Older lesions, vertical and circular palpable fibrous bands in and around the mouth or lips, resulting in a mottled, marble-like appearance of the buccal mucosa</li></ul></li> <li>Stage 3: Sequelae of oral submucous fibrosis <ul><li>a. <a href="/wiki/Leukoplakia" title="Leukoplakia">Leukoplakia</a></li> <li>b. Speech and hearing deficits</li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Khanna and Andrade</b></i> in 1995 developed a group classification system for the surgical management of trismus:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Group I: Earliest stage without mouth opening limitations with an interincisal distance of greater than 35 mm.</li> <li>Group II: Patients with an interincisal distance of 26–35 mm.</li> <li>Group III: Moderately advanced cases with an interincisal distance of 15–26 mm. Fibrotic bands are visible at the soft palate, and pterygomandibular raphe and anterior pillars of <a href="/wiki/Fauces_(throat)" title="Fauces (throat)">fauces</a> are present.</li> <li>Group IVA: Trismus is severe, with an interincisal distance of less than 15 mm and extensive fibrosis of all the oral mucosa.</li> <li>Group IVB: Disease is most advanced, with premalignant and malignant changes throughout the mucosa. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and keratin 17 are interdependent regulators; they could be used as diagnostic markers and a prognostic mirror of oral submucous fibrosis cases<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2></div> <p>Biopsy screening, although necessary, is not mandatory; most dentists can visually examine the area and proceed with the proper course of treatment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Treatment includes: </p> <ul><li>Abstention from chewing <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a> (also known as betel nut) and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a></li> <li>Minimizing consumption of spicy foods, including <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chiles</a></li> <li>Maintaining proper <a href="/wiki/Oral_hygiene" title="Oral hygiene">oral hygiene</a></li> <li>Supplementing the diet with foods rich in vitamins <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B complex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_mineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary mineral">iron</a></li> <li>Forgoing hot fluids like tea, coffee</li> <li>Forgoing alcohol</li> <li>Employing a dental surgeon to round off sharp teeth and extract third molars</li> <li>Interprofessional treatment approach<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Treatment also includes following: </p> <ul><li>The prescription of chewable pellets of <a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">hydrocortisone</a> (Efcorlin); one pellet to be chewed every three to four hours for three to four weeks</li> <li>0.5 ml intralesional injection <a href="/wiki/Hyaluronidase" title="Hyaluronidase">Hyaluronidase</a> 1500 IU mixed in 1 ml of <a href="/wiki/Lignocaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lignocaine">Lignocaine</a> into each buccal mucosa once a week for 4 weeks or more as per condition</li> <li>0.5 ml intralesional injection of Hyaluronidase 1500 IU and 0.5 ml of injection <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a> acetate 25 mg/ml in each buccal mucosa once a week alternatively for 4 weeks or more as per condition<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Submucosal injections of hydrocortisone 100 mg once or twice daily depending upon the severity of the disease for two to three weeks</li> <li>Submucosal injections of human <a href="/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin" title="Human chorionic gonadotropin">chorionic gonadotrophins</a> (Placentrax) 2–3 ml per sitting twice or thrice in a week for three to four weeks</li> <li>Surgical treatment is recommended in cases of progressive fibrosis when interincisor distance becomes less than 2 centimetres (0.79 in). (Multiple release incisions deep to mucosa, submucosa and fibrotic tissue and suturing the gap or <a href="/wiki/Wound_dehiscence" title="Wound dehiscence">dehiscence</a> so created by mucosal graft obtained from tongue and <a href="/wiki/Z-plasty" title="Z-plasty">Z-plasty</a>. In this procedure multiple deep z-shaped incisions are made into fibrotic tissue and then <a href="/wiki/Surgical_suture" title="Surgical suture">sutured</a> in a straighter fashion.)</li> <li>Pentoxifylline (Trental), a methylxanthine derivative that has vasodilating properties and increases mucosal vascularity, is also recommended as an adjunct therapy in the routine management of oral submucous fibrosis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IFN-gamma is an antifibrotic cytokine which alters collagen synthesis and helps in OSF.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Colchicine tablets 0.5 mg twice a day<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycopene" title="Lycopene">Lycopene</a>, 16 mg a day helps in improvement of OSF<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The treatment of patients with oral submucous fibrosis depends on the degree of clinical involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the disease is detected at a very early stage, cessation of the habit is sufficient. Most patients with oral submucous fibrosis present with moderate-to-severe disease. Severe oral submucous fibrosis is irreversible. Moderate oral submucous fibrosis is reversible with cessation of habit and mouth opening exercise. Current modern day medical treatments can make the mouth opening to normal minimum levels of 30 mm mouth opening with proper treatment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2></div> <p>Scientists have proven that intralesional injection of <a href="/wiki/Autologous" class="mw-redirect" title="Autologous">autologous</a> bone marrow stem cells is a safe and effective treatment modality in oral submucosal fibrosis. It has been shown autologous bone marrow stem cell injections induces <a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis" title="Angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a> in the lesion area, which in turn decreases the extent of fibrosis, thereby leading to significant increase in mouth opening.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>In 1952, T. Sheikh coined the term <i>distrophica idiopathica mucosa oris</i> to describe an oral <a href="/wiki/Fibrosis" title="Fibrosis">fibrosing disease</a> he discovered in five Indian women from <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S. G. Joshi subsequently coined the termed oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) for the condition in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutaneous condition">Cutaneous condition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoxWalker1996" class="citation journal cs1">Cox SC, Walker DM (October 1996). 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7099404" class="extiw" title="d:Q7099404">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/K13.5">K13.5</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009914">D009914</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb33590.htm">33590</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNOMED_CT" title="SNOMED CT">SNOMED CT</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snomed.info/id/32883009">32883009</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Orphanet" title="Orphanet">Orphanet</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert=357154">357154</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology" title="Template:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology" title="Template talk:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diseases_of_the_skin_and_appendages_by_morphology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Growths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epidermis" title="Epidermis">Epidermal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wart" title="Wart">Wart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callus" title="Callus">Callus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seborrheic_keratosis" title="Seborrheic keratosis">Seborrheic keratosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_tag" title="Skin tag">Acrochordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum" title="Molluscum contagiosum">Molluscum contagiosum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinic_keratosis" title="Actinic keratosis">Actinic keratosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma">Squamous-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal-cell_carcinoma" title="Basal-cell carcinoma">Basal-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkel-cell_carcinoma" title="Merkel-cell carcinoma">Merkel-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevus_sebaceous" title="Nevus sebaceous">Nevus sebaceous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichoepithelioma" title="Trichoepithelioma">Trichoepithelioma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pigmented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freckle" title="Freckle">Freckles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentigo" title="Lentigo">Lentigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melasma" title="Melasma">Melasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevus" title="Nevus">Nevus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">Melanoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dermis" title="Dermis">Dermal</a> and<br />subcutaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidermoid_cyst" title="Epidermoid cyst">Epidermal inclusion cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemangioma" title="Hemangioma">Hemangioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benign_fibrous_histiocytoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign fibrous histiocytoma">Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keloid" title="Keloid">Keloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoma" title="Lipoma">Lipoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurofibroma" title="Neurofibroma">Neurofibroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthoma" title="Xanthoma">Xanthoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaposi%27s_sarcoma" title="Kaposi's sarcoma">Kaposi's sarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantile_digital_fibromatosis" title="Infantile digital fibromatosis">Infantile digital fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granular_cell_tumor" title="Granular cell tumor">Granular cell tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiomyoma" title="Leiomyoma">Leiomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphangioma_circumscriptum" title="Lymphangioma circumscriptum">Lymphangioma circumscriptum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxoid_cyst" title="Myxoid cyst">Myxoid cyst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">Rashes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With<br /> epidermal<br /> involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eczematous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contact_dermatitis" title="Contact dermatitis">Contact dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis" title="Atopic dermatitis">Atopic dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seborrhoeic_dermatitis" title="Seborrhoeic dermatitis">Seborrheic dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasis_dermatitis" title="Stasis dermatitis">Stasis dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_simplex_chronicus" title="Lichen simplex chronicus">Lichen simplex chronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darier%27s_disease" title="Darier's disease">Darier's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucagonoma_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucagonoma syndrome">Glucagonoma syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis" title="Langerhans cell histiocytosis">Langerhans cell histiocytosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_sclerosus" title="Lichen sclerosus">Lichen sclerosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemphigus" title="Pemphigus">Pemphigus foliaceus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiskott%E2%80%93Aldrich_syndrome" title="Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome">Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_deficiency" title="Zinc deficiency">Zinc deficiency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scale_(dermatology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale (dermatology)">Scaling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">Psoriasis</a></li> <li>Tinea (<a href="/wiki/Tinea_corporis" title="Tinea corporis">Corporis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_cruris" title="Tinea cruris">Cruris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlete%27s_foot" title="Athlete's foot">Pedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_manuum" title="Tinea manuum">Manuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_faciei" title="Tinea faciei">Faciei</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_rosea" title="Pityriasis rosea">Pityriasis rosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">Secondary syphilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycosis_fungoides" title="Mycosis fungoides">Mycosis fungoides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_rubra_pilaris" title="Pityriasis rubra pilaris">Pityriasis rubra pilaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsoriasis" title="Parapsoriasis">Parapsoriasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosis" title="Ichthyosis">Ichthyosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blister" title="Blister">Blistering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herpes" title="Herpes">Herpes simplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_zoster" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes zoster">Herpes zoster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickenpox" title="Chickenpox">Varicella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impetigo" title="Impetigo">Bullous impetigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_dermatitis" title="Contact dermatitis">Acute contact dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemphigus_vulgaris" title="Pemphigus vulgaris">Pemphigus vulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullous_pemphigoid" title="Bullous pemphigoid">Bullous pemphigoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" title="Dermatitis herpetiformis">Dermatitis herpetiformis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyria_cutanea_tarda" title="Porphyria cutanea tarda">Porphyria cutanea tarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermolysis_bullosa_simplex" title="Epidermolysis bullosa simplex">Epidermolysis bullosa simplex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papule" title="Papule">Papular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scabies" title="Scabies">Scabies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_bites_and_stings" class="mw-redirect" title="Insect bites and stings">Insect bite reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planus" title="Lichen planus">Lichen planus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliaria" title="Miliaria">Miliaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keratosis_pilaris" title="Keratosis pilaris">Keratosis pilaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_spinulosus" title="Lichen spinulosus">Lichen spinulosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transient_acantholytic_dermatosis" title="Transient acantholytic dermatosis">Transient acantholytic dermatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_nitidus" title="Lichen nitidus">Lichen nitidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_lichenoides_et_varioliformis_acuta" title="Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta">Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pustule" class="mw-redirect" title="Pustule">Pustular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acne_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acne vulgaris">Acne vulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosacea" title="Rosacea">Rosacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folliculitis" title="Folliculitis">Folliculitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impetigo" title="Impetigo">Impetigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidiasis" title="Candidiasis">Candidiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neisseria_gonorrhoeae" title="Neisseria gonorrhoeae">Gonococcemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatophyte" title="Dermatophyte">Dermatophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccidioidomycosis" title="Coccidioidomycosis">Coccidioidomycosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcorneal_pustular_dermatosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcorneal pustular dermatosis">Subcorneal pustular dermatosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hypopigmented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_versicolor" title="Tinea versicolor">Tinea versicolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitiligo" title="Vitiligo">Vitiligo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriasis_alba" title="Pityriasis alba">Pityriasis alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postinflammatory_hyperpigmentation" title="Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation">Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberous_sclerosis" title="Tuberous sclerosis">Tuberous sclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_guttate_hypomelanosis" title="Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis">Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">Leprosy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycosis_fungoides" title="Mycosis fungoides">Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Without<br /> epidermal<br /> involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Red" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Red</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Blanchable<br /> <a href="/wiki/Erythema" title="Erythema">Erythema</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Generalized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_eruption" title="Drug eruption">Drug eruptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exanthem" title="Exanthem">Viral exanthems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_toxicum_neonatorum" title="Erythema toxicum neonatorum">Toxic erythema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Localized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulitis" title="Cellulitis">Cellulitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abscess" title="Abscess">Abscess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil" title="Boil">Boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_nodosum" title="Erythema nodosum">Erythema nodosum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoid_syndrome" title="Carcinoid syndrome">Carcinoid syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_drug_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed drug eruption">Fixed drug eruption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urticaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Urticaria">Urticaria</a></li> <li>Erythema (<a href="/wiki/Erythema_multiforme" title="Erythema multiforme">Multiforme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_chronicum_migrans" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythema chronicum migrans">Migrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_gyratum_repens" title="Erythema gyratum repens">Gyratum repens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_annulare_centrifugum" title="Erythema annulare centrifugum">Annulare centrifugum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_ab_igne" title="Erythema ab igne">Ab igne</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonblanchable<br /> Purpura</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenic_purpura" title="Thrombocytopenic purpura">Thrombocytopenic purpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_purpura" title="Solar purpura">Actinic/solar purpura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation" title="Disseminated intravascular coagulation">Disseminated intravascular coagulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasculitis" title="Vasculitis">Vasculitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indurated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scleroderma" title="Scleroderma">Scleroderma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Morphea" title="Morphea">morphea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granuloma_annulare" title="Granuloma annulare">Granuloma annulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_sclerosus" title="Lichen sclerosus">Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necrobiosis_lipoidica" title="Necrobiosis lipoidica">Necrobiosis lipoidica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous<br /> disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ulcer_(dermatology)" title="Ulcer (dermatology)">Ulcers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hair</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telogen_effluvium" title="Telogen effluvium">Telogen effluvium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgenic_alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgenic alopecia">Androgenic alopecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_areata" title="Alopecia areata">Alopecia areata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_capitis" title="Tinea capitis">Tinea capitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loose_anagen_syndrome" title="Loose anagen syndrome">Loose anagen syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planopilaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichen planopilaris">Lichen planopilaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folliculitis_decalvans" title="Folliculitis decalvans">Folliculitis decalvans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudofolliculitis_barbae" title="Pseudofolliculitis barbae">Acne keloidalis nuchae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Nail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onychomycosis" title="Onychomycosis">Onychomycosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">Psoriasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paronychia" title="Paronychia">Paronychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrown_nail" title="Ingrown nail">Ingrown nail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">Mucous<br /> membrane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphthous_stomatitis" title="Aphthous stomatitis">Aphthous stomatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_candidiasis" title="Oral candidiasis">Oral candidiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planus" title="Lichen planus">Lichen planus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukoplakia" title="Leukoplakia">Leukoplakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemphigus" title="Pemphigus">Pemphigus vulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane_pemphigoid" title="Mucous membrane pemphigoid">Mucous membrane pemphigoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicatricial_pemphigoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicatricial pemphigoid">Cicatricial pemphigoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">Herpesvirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxsackievirus" title="Coxsackievirus">Coxsackievirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">Syphilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histoplasmosis" title="Histoplasmosis">Systemic histoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma">Squamous-cell carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oral_pathology" title="Template:Oral pathology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oral_pathology" title="Template talk:Oral pathology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oral_pathology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oral pathology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology" title="Oral and maxillofacial pathology">Oral and maxillofacial pathology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lips" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">Lips</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheilitis" title="Cheilitis">Cheilitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinic_cheilitis" title="Actinic cheilitis">Actinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_cheilitis" title="Angular cheilitis">Angular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_cell_gingivitis" title="Plasma cell gingivitis">Plasma cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleft_lip" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleft lip">Cleft lip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_lip_pit" title="Congenital lip pit">Congenital lip pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclabium" title="Eclabium">Eclabium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_labialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes labialis">Herpes labialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrocheilia" title="Macrocheilia">Macrocheilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcheilia" title="Microcheilia">Microcheilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasolabial_cyst" title="Nasolabial cyst">Nasolabial cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun poisoning">Sun poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpeter%27s_wart" title="Trumpeter's wart">Trumpeter's wart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tongue" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tongue_disease" title="Tongue disease">Tongue</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankyloglossia" title="Ankyloglossia">Ankyloglossia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_hairy_tongue" title="Black hairy tongue">Black hairy tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caviar_tongue" title="Caviar tongue">Caviar tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenated_tongue" title="Crenated tongue">Crenated tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunnilingus tongue">Cunnilingus tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fissured_tongue" title="Fissured tongue">Fissured tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foliate_papillitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Foliate papillitis">Foliate papillitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossitis" title="Glossitis">Glossitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographic_tongue" title="Geographic tongue">Geographic tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_rhomboid_glossitis" title="Median rhomboid glossitis">Median rhomboid glossitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transient_lingual_papillitis" title="Transient lingual papillitis">Transient lingual papillitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossoptosis" title="Glossoptosis">Glossoptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossia" title="Hypoglossia">Hypoglossia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_dysgenesis" title="Thyroid dysgenesis">Lingual thyroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroglossia" title="Macroglossia">Macroglossia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microglossia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microglossia (page does not exist)">Microglossia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdomyoma" title="Rhabdomyoma">Rhabdomyoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Palate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Palate" title="Palate">Palate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bednar%27s_aphthae" title="Bednar's aphthae">Bednar's aphthae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleft_palate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleft palate">Cleft palate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-arched_palate" title="High-arched palate">High-arched palate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatal_cysts_of_the_newborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal cysts of the newborn">Palatal cysts of the newborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_papillary_hyperplasia" title="Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia">Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomatitis_nicotina" title="Stomatitis nicotina">Stomatitis nicotina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torus_palatinus" title="Torus palatinus">Torus palatinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Oral_mucosa_–_Lining_of_mouth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oral_mucosa" title="Oral mucosa">Oral mucosa</a> – <i>Lining of mouth</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalgam_tattoo" title="Amalgam tattoo">Amalgam tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angina_bullosa_haemorrhagica" title="Angina bullosa haemorrhagica">Angina bullosa haemorrhagica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beh%C3%A7et%27s_disease" title="Behçet's disease">Behçet's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohn%27s_nodules" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohn's nodules">Bohn's nodules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_mouth_syndrome" title="Burning mouth syndrome">Burning mouth syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_candidiasis" title="Oral candidiasis">Candidiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condyloma_acuminatum" class="mw-redirect" title="Condyloma acuminatum">Condyloma acuminatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darier%27s_disease" title="Darier's disease">Darier's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epulis_fissuratum" title="Epulis fissuratum">Epulis fissuratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythema_multiforme" title="Erythema multiforme">Erythema multiforme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythroplakia" title="Erythroplakia">Erythroplakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroma" title="Fibroma">Fibroma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant-cell_fibroma" title="Giant-cell fibroma">Giant-cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_epithelial_hyperplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Focal epithelial hyperplasia">Focal epithelial hyperplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordyce_spots" title="Fordyce spots">Fordyce spots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy_leukoplakia" title="Hairy leukoplakia">Hairy leukoplakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand,_foot_and_mouth_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand, foot and mouth disease">Hand, foot and mouth disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_benign_intraepithelial_dyskeratosis" title="Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis">Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpangina" title="Herpangina">Herpangina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpes_zoster" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes zoster">Herpes zoster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraoral_dental_sinus" title="Intraoral dental sinus">Intraoral dental sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irritation_fibroma" title="Irritation fibroma">Irritation fibroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukoedema" title="Leukoedema">Leukoedema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukoplakia" title="Leukoplakia">Leukoplakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichen_planus" title="Lichen planus">Lichen planus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linea_alba_(cheek)" title="Linea alba (cheek)">Linea alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus" title="Lupus erythematosus">Lupus erythematosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanocytic_nevus" title="Melanocytic nevus">Melanocytic nevus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanocytic_oral_lesion" title="Melanocytic oral lesion">Melanocytic oral lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum" title="Molluscum contagiosum">Molluscum contagiosum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsicatio_buccarum" title="Morsicatio buccarum">Morsicatio buccarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_cancer" title="Oral cancer">Oral cancer</a> <ul><li><i>Benign:</i> <a href="/wiki/Squamous_cell_papilloma" title="Squamous cell papilloma">Squamous cell papilloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keratoacanthoma" title="Keratoacanthoma">Keratoacanthoma</a></li> <li><i>Malignant:</i> <a href="/wiki/Adenosquamous_carcinoma" title="Adenosquamous carcinoma">Adenosquamous carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaloid_squamous_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaloid squamous carcinoma">Basaloid squamous carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucosal_melanoma" title="Mucosal melanoma">Mucosal melanoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spindle_cell_carcinoma" title="Spindle cell carcinoma">Spindle cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamous_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Squamous cell carcinoma">Squamous cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verrucous_carcinoma" title="Verrucous carcinoma">Verrucous carcinoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_florid_papillomatosis" title="Oral florid papillomatosis">Oral florid papillomatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_melanosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral melanosis">Oral melanosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoker%27s_melanosis" title="Smoker's melanosis">Smoker's melanosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemphigoid" title="Pemphigoid">Pemphigoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benign_mucous_membrane_pemphigoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid">Benign mucous membrane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemphigus" title="Pemphigus">Pemphigus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmoacanthoma" title="Plasmoacanthoma">Plasmoacanthoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomatitis" title="Stomatitis">Stomatitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphthous_stomatitis" title="Aphthous stomatitis">Aphthous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denture-related_stomatitis" title="Denture-related stomatitis">Denture-related</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpetic_gingivostomatitis" title="Herpetic gingivostomatitis">Herpetic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeless_tobacco_keratosis" title="Smokeless tobacco keratosis">Smokeless tobacco keratosis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Submucous fibrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_ulcer" title="Mouth ulcer">Ulceration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riga%E2%80%93Fede_disease" title="Riga–Fede disease">Riga–Fede disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verruca_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Verruca vulgaris">Verruca vulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verruciform_xanthoma" title="Verruciform xanthoma">Verruciform xanthoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_sponge_nevus" title="White sponge nevus">White sponge nevus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Teeth_(pulp,_dentin,_enamel)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tooth_pathology" title="Tooth pathology">Teeth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pulp_(tooth)" title="Pulp (tooth)">pulp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentin" title="Dentin">dentin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tooth_enamel" title="Tooth enamel">enamel</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amelogenesis_imperfecta" title="Amelogenesis imperfecta">Amelogenesis imperfecta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_ankylosis" title="Tooth ankylosis">Ankylosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anodontia" title="Anodontia">Anodontia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_caries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental caries">Caries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_caries" title="Early childhood caries">Early childhood caries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrescence" title="Concrescence">Concrescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failure_of_eruption_of_teeth" title="Failure of eruption of teeth">Failure of eruption of teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dens_evaginatus" title="Dens evaginatus">Dens evaginatus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talon_cusp" title="Talon cusp">Talon cusp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentin_dysplasia" title="Dentin dysplasia">Dentin dysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentin_hypersensitivity" title="Dentin hypersensitivity">Dentin hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentinogenesis_imperfecta" title="Dentinogenesis imperfecta">Dentinogenesis imperfecta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilaceration" title="Dilaceration">Dilaceration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_discoloration" title="Tooth discoloration">Discoloration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectopic_enamel" title="Ectopic enamel">Ectopic enamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enamel_hypocalcification" title="Enamel hypocalcification">Enamel hypocalcification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enamel_hypoplasia" title="Enamel hypoplasia">Enamel hypoplasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turner%27s_hypoplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner's hypoplasia">Turner's hypoplasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enamel_pearl" title="Enamel pearl">Enamel pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_fluorosis" title="Dental fluorosis">Fluorosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_fusion" title="Tooth fusion">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_gemination" title="Tooth gemination">Gemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperdontia" title="Hyperdontia">Hyperdontia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypodontia" title="Hypodontia">Hypodontia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_lateral_incisor_agenesis" title="Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis">Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_impaction" title="Tooth impaction">Impaction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impacted_wisdom_teeth" title="Impacted wisdom teeth">Wisdom tooth impaction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrodontia_(tooth)" title="Macrodontia (tooth)">Macrodontia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meth_mouth" title="Meth mouth">Meth mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microdontia" title="Microdontia">Microdontia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odontogenic_tumor" title="Odontogenic tumor">Odontogenic tumors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keratocystic_odontogenic_tumour" class="mw-redirect" title="Keratocystic odontogenic tumour">Keratocystic odontogenic tumour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odontoma" title="Odontoma">Odontoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dens_invaginatus" title="Dens invaginatus">Dens in dente</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_contact" title="Open contact">Open contact</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premature_eruption&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premature eruption (page does not exist)">Premature eruption</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatal_teeth" title="Neonatal teeth">Neonatal teeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_calcification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp calcification (page does not exist)">Pulp calcification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_stone" title="Pulp stone">Pulp stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_canal_obliteration" title="Pulp canal obliteration">Pulp canal obliteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_necrosis" title="Pulp necrosis">Pulp necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_polyp" title="Pulp polyp">Pulp polyp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpitis" title="Pulpitis">Pulpitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_odontodysplasia" title="Regional odontodysplasia">Regional odontodysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_resorption" title="Tooth resorption">Resorption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shovel-shaped_incisors" title="Shovel-shaped incisors">Shovel-shaped incisors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernumerary_root" title="Supernumerary root">Supernumerary root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurodontism" title="Taurodontism">Taurodontism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_trauma" title="Dental trauma">Trauma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_avulsion" title="Dental avulsion">Avulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cracked_tooth_syndrome" title="Cracked tooth syndrome">Cracked tooth syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_root_fracture" title="Vertical root fracture">Vertical root fracture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occlusal_trauma" title="Occlusal trauma">Occlusal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_loss" title="Tooth loss">Tooth loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edentulism" class="mw-redirect" title="Edentulism">Edentulism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_wear" title="Tooth wear">Tooth wear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasion_(dental)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasion (dental)">Abrasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abfraction" title="Abfraction">Abfraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_erosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid erosion">Acid erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrition_(dental)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attrition (dental)">Attrition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Periodontium_(gingiva,_periodontal_ligament,_cementum,_alveolus)_–_Gums_and_tooth-supporting_structures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodontal_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodontal pathology">Periodontium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gingiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingiva">gingiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodontal_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodontal ligament">periodontal ligament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cementum" title="Cementum">cementum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dental_alveolus" title="Dental alveolus">alveolus</a>) – <i>Gums and tooth-supporting structures</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cementicle" title="Cementicle">Cementicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cementoblastoma" title="Cementoblastoma">Cementoblastoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gigantiform_cementoma" title="Gigantiform cementoma">Gigantiform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cementoma" title="Cementoma">Cementoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruption_cyst" title="Eruption cyst">Eruption cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epulis" title="Epulis">Epulis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyogenic_granuloma" title="Pyogenic granuloma">Pyogenic granuloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_epulis" title="Congenital epulis">Congenital epulis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingival_enlargement" title="Gingival enlargement">Gingival enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingival_cyst_of_the_adult" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingival cyst of the adult">Gingival cyst of the adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingival_cyst_of_the_newborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingival cyst of the newborn">Gingival cyst of the newborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingivitis" title="Gingivitis">Gingivitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desquamative_gingivitis" title="Desquamative gingivitis">Desquamative</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Granulomatous_gingivitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granulomatous gingivitis (page does not exist)">Granulomatous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_cell_gingivitis" title="Plasma cell gingivitis">Plasma cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_gingival_fibromatosis" title="Hereditary gingival fibromatosis">Hereditary gingival fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercementosis" title="Hypercementosis">Hypercementosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocementosis" title="Hypocementosis">Hypocementosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_gingival_erythema" title="Linear gingival erythema">Linear gingival erythema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necrotizing_periodontal_diseases" title="Necrotizing periodontal diseases">Necrotizing periodontal diseases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_necrotizing_ulcerative_gingivitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis">Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericoronitis" title="Pericoronitis">Pericoronitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peri-implantitis" title="Peri-implantitis">Peri-implantitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodontal_abscess" title="Periodontal abscess">Periodontal abscess</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodontal_trauma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodontal trauma (page does not exist)">Periodontal trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodontitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodontitis">Periodontitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggressive_periodontitis" title="Aggressive periodontitis">Aggressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodontitis_as_a_manifestation_of_systemic_disease" title="Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease">As a manifestation of systemic disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_periodontitis" title="Chronic periodontitis">Chronic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_periodontic-endodontic_lesions" title="Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions">Perio-endo lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teething" title="Teething">Teething</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Periapical,_mandibular_and_maxillary_hard_tissues_–_Bones_of_jaws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Periapical, <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandibular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">maxillary</a> hard tissues – <i>Bones of jaws</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnathia" title="Agnathia">Agnathia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_osteitis" title="Alveolar osteitis">Alveolar osteitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_exostosis" title="Buccal exostosis">Buccal exostosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherubism" title="Cherubism">Cherubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_osteosclerosis" title="Idiopathic osteosclerosis">Idiopathic osteosclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_fracture" title="Mandibular fracture">Mandibular fracture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgenia" title="Microgenia">Microgenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micrognathia" class="mw-redirect" title="Micrognathia">Micrognathia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cysts_of_the_jaws" title="Cysts of the jaws">Intraosseous cysts</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontogenic_cyst" title="Odontogenic cyst">Odontogenic</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Periapical_cyst" title="Periapical cyst">periapical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentigerous_cyst" title="Dentigerous cyst">Dentigerous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_bifurcation_cyst" title="Buccal bifurcation cyst">Buccal bifurcation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_periodontal_cyst" title="Lateral periodontal cyst">Lateral periodontal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globulomaxillary_cyst" title="Globulomaxillary cyst">Globulomaxillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcifying_odontogenic_cyst" title="Calcifying odontogenic cyst">Calcifying odontogenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glandular_odontogenic_cyst" title="Glandular odontogenic cyst">Glandular odontogenic</a></li> <li><i>Non-odontogenic:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nasopalatine_duct_cyst" title="Nasopalatine duct cyst">Nasopalatine duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_mandibular_cyst" title="Median mandibular cyst">Median mandibular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_palatal_cyst" title="Median palatal cyst">Median palatal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traumatic_bone_cyst" title="Traumatic bone cyst">Traumatic bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoma" title="Osteoma">Osteoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomyelitis_of_the_jaws" title="Osteomyelitis of the jaws">Osteomyelitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteonecrosis_of_the_jaw" title="Osteonecrosis of the jaw">Osteonecrosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisphosphonate-associated_osteonecrosis_of_the_jaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw">Bisphosphonate-associated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuralgia-inducing_cavitational_osteonecrosis" title="Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis">Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoradionecrosis" title="Osteoradionecrosis">Osteoradionecrosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoporotic_bone_marrow_defect" title="Osteoporotic bone marrow defect">Osteoporotic bone marrow defect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paget%27s_disease_of_bone" title="Paget's disease of bone">Paget's disease of bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_abscess" title="Dental abscess">Periapical abscess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_abscess" title="Phoenix abscess">Phoenix abscess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periapical_periodontitis" title="Periapical periodontitis">Periapical periodontitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafne_defect" title="Stafne defect">Stafne defect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torus_mandibularis" title="Torus mandibularis">Torus mandibularis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Temporomandibular_joints,_muscles_of_mastication_and_malocclusions_–_Jaw_joints,_chewing_muscles_and_bite_abnormalities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint#Disorders" title="Temporomandibular joint">Temporomandibular joints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscles_of_mastication" title="Muscles of mastication">muscles of mastication</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malocclusion" title="Malocclusion">malocclusions</a> – <i>Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruxism" title="Bruxism">Bruxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condylar_resorption" title="Condylar resorption">Condylar resorption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dislocation_of_jaw" title="Dislocation of jaw">Mandibular dislocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malocclusion" title="Malocclusion">Malocclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossbite" title="Crossbite">Crossbite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_bite_malocclusion" title="Open bite malocclusion">Open bite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overbite" title="Overbite">Overbite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overeruption" title="Overeruption">Overeruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overjet" title="Overjet">Overjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognathia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prognathia">Prognathia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrognathia" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrognathia">Retrognathia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissor_bite" title="Scissor bite">Scissor bite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_hypoplasia" title="Maxillary hypoplasia">Maxillary hypoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction" title="Temporomandibular joint dysfunction">Temporomandibular joint dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condylar_hypoplasia" title="Condylar hypoplasia">Condylar hypoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condylar_hyperplasia" title="Condylar hyperplasia">Condylar hyperplasia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Salivary_glands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_disease" title="Salivary gland disease">Salivary glands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benign_lymphoepithelial_lesion" title="Benign lymphoepithelial lesion">Benign lymphoepithelial lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectopic_salivary_gland_tissue" title="Ectopic salivary gland tissue">Ectopic salivary gland tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frey%27s_syndrome" title="Frey's syndrome">Frey's syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_salivary_gland_disease" title="HIV salivary gland disease">HIV salivary gland disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necrotizing_sialometaplasia" title="Necrotizing sialometaplasia">Necrotizing sialometaplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_mucocele" title="Oral mucocele">Mucocele</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranula" title="Ranula">Ranula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumoparotitis" title="Pneumoparotitis">Pneumoparotitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_duct_stricture" title="Salivary duct stricture">Salivary duct stricture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_aplasia" title="Salivary gland aplasia">Salivary gland aplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_atresia" title="Salivary gland atresia">Salivary gland atresia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_diverticulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Salivary gland diverticulum">Salivary gland diverticulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_fistula" title="Salivary gland fistula">Salivary gland fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_hyperplasia" title="Salivary gland hyperplasia">Salivary gland hyperplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_hypoplasia" title="Salivary gland hypoplasia">Salivary gland hypoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salivary_gland_neoplasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Salivary gland neoplasm">Salivary gland neoplasms</a> <ul><li><i>Benign:</i> <a href="/wiki/Basal_cell_adenoma" title="Basal cell adenoma">Basal cell adenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canalicular_adenoma" title="Canalicular adenoma">Canalicular adenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ductal_papilloma" title="Ductal papilloma">Ductal papilloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monomorphic_adenoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Monomorphic adenoma">Monomorphic adenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myoepithelioma" class="mw-redirect" title="Myoepithelioma">Myoepithelioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncocytoma" title="Oncocytoma">Oncocytoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papillary_cystadenoma_lymphomatosum" class="mw-redirect" title="Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum">Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleomorphic_adenoma" title="Pleomorphic adenoma">Pleomorphic adenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_adenoma" title="Sebaceous adenoma">Sebaceous adenoma</a></li> <li><i>Malignant:</i> <a href="/wiki/Acinic_cell_carcinoma" title="Acinic cell carcinoma">Acinic cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">Adenocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenoid_cystic_carcinoma" title="Adenoid cystic carcinoma">Adenoid cystic carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoma_ex_pleomorphic_adenoma" title="Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma">Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">Lymphoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucoepidermoid_carcinoma" title="Mucoepidermoid carcinoma">Mucoepidermoid carcinoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sclerosing_polycystic_adenosis" title="Sclerosing polycystic adenosis">Sclerosing polycystic adenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialadenitis" title="Sialadenitis">Sialadenitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parotitis" title="Parotitis">Parotitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_sclerosing_sialadenitis" title="Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis">Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialectasis" title="Sialectasis">Sialectasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialocele" title="Sialocele">Sialocele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialodochitis" title="Sialodochitis">Sialodochitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sialosis">Sialosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialolithiasis" title="Sialolithiasis">Sialolithiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjögren's syndrome">Sjögren's syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Stomatognathic_system_–_Teeth,_jaws,_tongue_and_associated_soft_tissues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stomatognathic_system" title="Stomatognathic system">Stomatognathic system</a> – <i>Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruxism" title="Bruxism">Bruxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_breathing" title="Mouth breathing">Mouth breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_apnea" title="Sleep apnea">Sleep apnea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catathrenia" title="Catathrenia">Catathrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_hypoventilation_syndrome" title="Central hypoventilation syndrome">Central hypoventilation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_hypoventilation_syndrome" title="Obesity hypoventilation syndrome">Obesity hypoventilation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea" title="Obstructive sleep apnea">Obstructive sleep apnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_breathing" title="Periodic breathing">Periodic breathing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoring" title="Snoring">Snoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Orofacial_soft_tissues_–_Soft_tissues_around_the_mouth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Orofacial soft tissues – <i>Soft tissues around the mouth</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinomycosis" title="Actinomycosis">Actinomycosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angioedema" title="Angioedema">Angioedema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Basal cell carcinoma">Basal cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_sinus_of_dental_origin" title="Cutaneous sinus of dental origin">Cutaneous sinus of dental origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cystic_hygroma" title="Cystic hygroma">Cystic hygroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnathophyma" title="Gnathophyma">Gnathophyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig%27s_angina" title="Ludwig's angina">Ludwig's angina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrostomia" title="Macrostomia">Macrostomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkersson%E2%80%93Rosenthal_syndrome" title="Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome">Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstomia" title="Microstomia">Microstomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noma_(disease)" title="Noma (disease)">Noma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Oral Crohn's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orofacial_granulomatosis" title="Orofacial granulomatosis">Orofacial granulomatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perioral_dermatitis" title="Perioral dermatitis">Perioral dermatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyostomatitis_vegetans" title="Pyostomatitis vegetans">Pyostomatitis vegetans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_syndrome" title="Eagle syndrome">Eagle syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemifacial_hypertrophy" title="Hemifacial hypertrophy">Hemifacial hypertrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_hemiatrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Facial hemiatrophy">Facial hemiatrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_manifestations_of_systemic_disease" title="Oral manifestations of systemic disease">Oral manifestations of systemic disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Connective/soft_tissue_tumors_and_sarcomas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soft_tissue_tumors_and_sarcomas" title="Template:Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soft_tissue_tumors_and_sarcomas" title="Template talk:Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soft_tissue_tumors_and_sarcomas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Connective/soft_tissue_tumors_and_sarcomas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">Connective</a>/<a href="/wiki/Soft_tissue" title="Soft tissue">soft tissue</a> <a href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">tumors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarcoma" title="Sarcoma">sarcomas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Not otherwise specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft-tissue_sarcoma" title="Soft-tissue sarcoma">Soft-tissue sarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmoplastic_small-round-cell_tumor" title="Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor">Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_sarcoma" title="Skin sarcoma">Skin sarcoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_neoplasm" title="Connective tissue neoplasm">Connective tissue neoplasm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibrous_tissue_neoplasm" title="Fibrous tissue neoplasm">Fibromatous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibroma" title="Fibroma">Fibroma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fibrosarcoma" title="Fibrosarcoma">fibrosarcoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dermatofibrosarcoma_protuberans" title="Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans">Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmoplastic_fibroma" title="Desmoplastic fibroma">Desmoplastic fibroma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibroma" title="Fibroma">Fibroma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fibromatosis" title="Fibromatosis">fibromatosis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggressive_fibromatosis" title="Aggressive fibromatosis">Aggressive fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggressive_infantile_fibromatosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggressive infantile fibromatosis">Aggressive infantile fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aponeurotic_fibroma" title="Aponeurotic fibroma">Aponeurotic fibroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagenous_fibroma" title="Collagenous fibroma">Collagenous fibroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_infantile_fibromatosis" title="Diffuse infantile fibromatosis">Diffuse infantile fibromatosis</a></li> <li>Familial myxovascular fibromas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroma_of_tendon_sheath" title="Fibroma of tendon sheath">Fibroma of tendon sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibromatosis_colli" title="Fibromatosis colli">Fibromatosis colli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantile_digital_fibromatosis" title="Infantile digital fibromatosis">Infantile digital fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_hyaline_fibromatosis" title="Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis">Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantar_fibromatosis" title="Plantar fibromatosis">Plantar fibromatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleomorphic_fibroma" title="Pleomorphic fibroma">Pleomorphic fibroma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oral submucous fibrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachydermodactyly" title="Pachydermodactyly">Pachydermodactyly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Histiocytoma" title="Histiocytoma">Histiocytoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Histiocytic_sarcoma" title="Histiocytic sarcoma">histiocytic sarcoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benign_fibrous_histiocytoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign fibrous histiocytoma">Benign fibrous histiocytoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleomorphic_undifferentiated_sarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma">Malignant fibrous histiocytoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atypical_fibroxanthoma" title="Atypical fibroxanthoma">Atypical fibroxanthoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_fibrous_tumor" title="Solitary fibrous tumor">Solitary fibrous tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myxoma" title="Myxoma">Myxomatous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myxoma" title="Myxoma">Myxoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Myxosarcoma" title="Myxosarcoma">myxosarcoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_myxoma" title="Cutaneous myxoma">Cutaneous myxoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_acral_fibromyxoma" title="Superficial acral fibromyxoma">Superficial acral fibromyxoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggressive_angiomyxoma" title="Aggressive angiomyxoma">Angiomyxoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossifying_fibromyxoid_tumour" title="Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour">Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibroepithelial_neoplasms" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibroepithelial neoplasms">Fibroepithelial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brenner_tumour" title="Brenner tumour">Brenner tumour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroadenoma" title="Fibroadenoma">Fibroadenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllodes_tumor" title="Phyllodes tumor">Phyllodes tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synovial_joint" title="Synovial joint">Synovial</a>-like</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_sarcoma" title="Synovial sarcoma">Synovial sarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear-cell_sarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear-cell sarcoma">Clear-cell sarcoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adipose_tissue_neoplasm" title="Adipose tissue neoplasm">Lipomatous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipoma" title="Lipoma">Lipoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Liposarcoma" title="Liposarcoma">liposarcoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myelolipoma" title="Myelolipoma">Myelolipoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxoid_liposarcoma" title="Myxoid liposarcoma">Myxoid liposarcoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perivascular_epithelioid_cell_tumour" title="Perivascular epithelioid cell tumour">PEComa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angiomyolipoma" title="Angiomyolipoma">Angiomyolipoma</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chondroid_lipoma" title="Chondroid lipoma">Chondroid lipoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intradermal_spindle_cell_lipoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Intradermal spindle cell lipoma">Intradermal spindle cell lipoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleomorphic_lipoma" title="Pleomorphic lipoma">Pleomorphic lipoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoblastomatosis" title="Lipoblastomatosis">Lipoblastomatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spindle_cell_lipoma" title="Spindle cell lipoma">Spindle cell lipoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernoma" title="Hibernoma">Hibernoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle_tissue_neoplasm" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle tissue neoplasm">Myomatous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">General</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myoma" title="Myoma">Myoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Myosarcoma" title="Myosarcoma">myosarcoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth muscle tissue">Smooth muscle</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leiomyoma" title="Leiomyoma">Leiomyoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leiomyosarcoma" title="Leiomyosarcoma">leiomyosarcoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">Skeletal muscle</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdomyoma" title="Rhabdomyoma">Rhabdomyoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rhabdomyosarcoma" title="Rhabdomyosarcoma">rhabdomyosarcoma</a>: <a href="/wiki/Embryonal_rhabdomyosarcoma" title="Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma">Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoma_botryoides" title="Sarcoma botryoides">Sarcoma botryoides</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_rhabdomyosarcoma" title="Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma">Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leiomyoma" title="Leiomyoma">Leiomyoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_leiomyoma" title="Cutaneous leiomyoma">Cutaneous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angioleiomyoma" title="Angioleiomyoma">Angioleiomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiolipoleiomyoma" title="Angiolipoleiomyoma">Angiolipoleiomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_leiomyoma" title="Genital leiomyoma">Genital leiomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiomyosarcoma" title="Leiomyosarcoma">Leiomyosarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_leiomyomatosis_and_renal_cell_cancer_syndrome" title="Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome">Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_cutaneous_leiomyoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma">Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_fibrolipoma" title="Neural fibrolipoma">Neural fibrolipoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_cutaneous_leiomyoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma">Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle_tumor_of_uncertain_malignant_potential" title="Smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential">STUMP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Complex_and_mixed_tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex and mixed tumor">Complex mixed and stromal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenomyoma" title="Adenomyoma">Adenomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleomorphic_adenoma" title="Pleomorphic adenoma">Pleomorphic adenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_M%C3%BCllerian_tumor" title="Mixed Müllerian tumor">Mixed Müllerian tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoblastic_nephroma" title="Mesoblastic nephroma">Mesoblastic nephroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilms%27_tumor" title="Wilms' tumor">Wilms' tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malignant_rhabdoid_tumour" title="Malignant rhabdoid tumour">Malignant rhabdoid tumour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear-cell_sarcoma_of_the_kidney" title="Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney">Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoblastoma" title="Hepatoblastoma">Hepatoblastoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatoblastoma" title="Pancreatoblastoma">Pancreatoblastoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinosarcoma" title="Carcinosarcoma">Carcinosarcoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesothelium" title="Mesothelium">Mesothelial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesothelioma" title="Mesothelioma">Mesothelioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenomatoid_tumor" title="Adenomatoid tumor">Adenomatoid tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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