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class="field-items"><div class="field-item">伯切涅克(Michael Bochenek) 人权观察儿童权利部的顾问</div></div></div></div></dd></dl></div> <div class="node-body"><p>人权观察在今天公布的一份新报告(<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708020938/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/brazil/" title="http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/brazil/">http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/brazil/</a>)中指控，巴西北部地区的儿童经常遭到警察欧打，并在被拘禁时遭到虐待。这份报告是在巴西总统卢拉(Luiz Inacia Lula da Silva)就职100天之际公布的。</p> <p>人权观察说，巴西儿童面临着其他少年所施加的暴力伤害，并遭到不必要的长期牢房禁闭，还经常无法享受到巴西宪法中所给予他们的受教育的权利。</p> <p>人权观察儿童权利部的顾问伯切涅克(Michael Bochenek)说：“卢拉总统已誓言要首先照顾最弱势群体的需求。如果他要兑现这个诺言，他的政府就必须处理受拘押儿童的人权遭受系统性侵犯的问题。”</p> <p> 巴西是联邦制国家，这与美国很相似，每个州各自管理其青少年拘禁系统。但联邦政府在执行国家青少年法律上起着关键性的作用。联邦政府还能把各州青少年的拘禁系统对人权惯例的遵守程度，作为向它们提供资金的条件。</p> <p> 人权观察这份63页的报告题为《残酷的监禁：巴西北部被拘禁的儿童遭受的虐待》，报告的根据包括对44名被拘禁的年轻人的采访，以及另外数十份对政府官员、律师、社会工作者和非政府组织代表的采访。人权观察总共视察了17个拘禁机构，包括4个女童拘禁中心，这些拘禁机构分布在阿马帕州(Amapa)、亚马逊州(Amazona)、马拉尼昂州(Maranhao)、朗多尼亚州(Rondonia)和帕拉州(Para)。</p> <p> 报告发现，警察在逮捕儿童时和逮捕后经常进行殴打。这样的虐待行为经常是发生在警察局，根据巴西的法律，儿童在被转送到青少年拘禁机构前可先关在警察局，关押期限为5天。乡村地区的警察则经常在关押儿童时超过这一期限，那里的儿童遭受警察虐待的危险更大。</p> <p> 在儿童被转送到拘禁中心后，他们得经常遭受州军事警察的进一步暴力虐待，这些军事警察负责拘禁中心的外围保安、镇压暴乱及其它骚乱、制止逃跑行为和检查牢房。控诉殴打的儿童经常称，军警用金属芯的橡胶警棍来打他们。</p> <p> 女童经常缺乏基本的医疗照顾，一般来说也不能与男童享有同样的休闲机会。她们大部分的休闲时间似乎是用于缝纫、从事其它技能活动或睡觉。</p> <p> 人权观察呼吁，巴西的各州当局应为被拘禁的年轻人建立有效的申诉机制，并彻底调查所有关于虐待行为的申诉。拘禁中心应采取措施来保护儿童免遭其他少年的虐待。州当局还应停止对新进入拘禁机构的儿童进行例行性的牢房关押，并禁止采取禁闭或单独监禁以及其它可能损害儿童身体和精神健康的惩罚手段。</p> <p> 2002年4月5日和6日，帕拉州Espaco Recomeco拘禁中心发生骚乱，人权观察对军警在此事件中的应对行动尤感不安。在一小群的少年囚犯放火焚烧他们的床垫并试图逃跑之后，拘禁中心调来军警突击部队，他们用催泪弹和橡皮子弹来平息骚乱。一名少年告诉人权观察，军警将催泪弹直接对准他发射，他的面部、颈部、腹部、臂部和腿部上到处都有灼伤、水疱、瘀伤和划伤。其他的年轻人说，警察在抓住他们后用橡胶警棍和树枝来殴打他们。</p> <p> 儿童还遭到其他少年的暴力伤害。在人权观察采访关押在阿马帕州的Josefina S时，她的面部、颈部和臂部有新的划伤，她称这是因为她和另一名女童打架所致。</p> <p> 儿童被拘禁时所遭受的人权侵犯不仅只是肉体虐待。儿童在刚进入拘禁机构时，他们先被例行性地关押在牢房中，时间是5天或更长，在此期间他们没有锻炼或进行其它活动的机会。</p> <p> 牢房禁闭也被作为正式的基本惩戒手段。人权观察发现，大多数拘禁中心对这种做法没有明确的标准和执行程序，而且似乎也没有针对儿童的牢房禁闭期限的规定。</p> <p> 多数被拘禁的儿童只接受过1年到4年之间的小学教育。许多人是文盲。获得教育的机会对这些少年来说是极为有益的。但许多少年在拘禁期间没有受到教育，而这违反了巴西宪法和国际法。特别值得注意的是，遭受牢房禁闭的少年经常报告说他们无法去上课。</p> <p> 大多数拘禁中心未能对有关虐待行为的申诉进行调查。只有亚马逊州州府马瑙斯(Manaus)的官员提到了看守警卫和军警的虐待问题，并和人权观察对此进行了坦率的讨论。亚马逊州儿童和青少年部的负责人桑帕奥(Paulo Sampaio)说：“我无法遮掩此事。因为如果我那样做，我会使问题永远得不到解决。</p> </div><div class="node-translations"><span class="label">其他语言</span><ul class="links"><li class="first 0"><a href="/web/20110708020938/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2003/04/09/brazil-abusive-conditions-detained-children" class="0">English</a></li> <li class="1"><a href="/web/20110708020938/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2003/04/09/brasil-condiciones-abusivas-para-los-ni-os-detenidos" class="1">Español</a></li> <li class="last 2"><a href="/web/20110708020938/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2003/04/09/crian-detidas-em-condi-es-abusivas" class="2">Portuguese, Portugal</a></li> </ul></div><div id="send-to"><form action="/web/20110708020938/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2003/04/09-0" accept-charset="UTF-8" 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