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href="/wiki/File:Futhark_H%C3%A4lsingland_15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Futhark_H%C3%A4lsingland_15.png/280px-Futhark_H%C3%A4lsingland_15.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Futhark_H%C3%A4lsingland_15.png/420px-Futhark_H%C3%A4lsingland_15.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Futhark_H%C3%A4lsingland_15.png 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="105" /></a><figcaption>Staveless runes.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish-Norwegian_Futhork_(short-twig_runes).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Swedish-Norwegian_Futhork_%28short-twig_runes%29.png/280px-Swedish-Norwegian_Futhork_%28short-twig_runes%29.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Swedish-Norwegian_Futhork_%28short-twig_runes%29.png/420px-Swedish-Norwegian_Futhork_%28short-twig_runes%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Swedish-Norwegian_Futhork_%28short-twig_runes%29.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="117" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark#Short-twig_runes" title="Younger Futhark">Short-twig runes</a>, one of the two main types of the Younger Futhark, for comparison.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tyr-runes.svg/40px-Tyr-runes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tyr-runes.svg/60px-Tyr-runes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tyr-runes.svg/80px-Tyr-runes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">runic</a> characters.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of runes.</div></div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hogs_kyrka_runestone01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hogs_kyrka_runestone01.jpg/280px-Hogs_kyrka_runestone01.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="579" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hogs_kyrka_runestone01.jpg/420px-Hogs_kyrka_runestone01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hogs_kyrka_runestone01.jpg/560px-Hogs_kyrka_runestone01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="2356" /></a><figcaption>Runestone Hs 12 in Hög has staveless runes.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Staveless runes</b> were the climax of the simplification process in the evolution of <a href="/wiki/Runic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Runic alphabet">runic alphabets</a> that had started when the <a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a> was superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to create the staveless runes, vertical marks (or staves) were dropped from individual letters (or runes). The name "staveless" is not entirely accurate, since the <b><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz">i</a></b> rune consists of a whole stave and the <b><a href="/wiki/Fe_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fe (rune)">f</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz">þ</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan">k</a></b> and the <b><a href="/wiki/Sowilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilo">s</a></b> runes consist of shortened main staves.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since their discovery on <a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">runestones</a> at <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4lsingland" title="Hälsingland">Hälsingland</a><sup id="cite_ref-enoksen1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the 17th century, staveless runes have also been known as the <b>Hälsinge runes</b>. This label is, however, misleading since staveless runes also appear in <a href="/wiki/Medelpad" title="Medelpad">Medelpad</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland" title="Södermanland">Södermanland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shape">Shape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staveless_runes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Shape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The staveless runes may appear hard to recognize at first glance, but the only difference between them and the preceding <a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a> is – in fact – their omission of main staves. If main staves are added, it is apparent that the <i><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran">a</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz">n</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_rune" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwaz rune">t</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz">l</a></i> and <i>s</i> runes are identical to their staved predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No <i><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_rune" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansuz rune">ą</a></i> rune has been found in inscriptions, but it has been postulated that it was a mirrored form of the <i><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan">b</a></i> rune due to pairings indicated in the staveless runes.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarship">Scholarship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staveless_runes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It appears from the title page of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bureus" title="Johannes Bureus">Johannes Bureus</a>' <a href="/wiki/Runa_ABC" title="Runa ABC">runic primer</a> that Bureus had some understanding of the staveless runes in 1611, but that this has been denied by virtually all runologists.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Bureus had not succeeded in deciphering the runes, a large poster with the image of two runestones with staveless runes was published in 1624 together with the announcement of a royal reward for the one who could decipher them.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would, however, take half a century before someone found the solution.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen5_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the 1660s, <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>, who was an interpreter of <a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a>, studied the runes, but he arrived at the conclusion that the staveless runes were nothing but meaningless scribbles and that the stones had been erected in order to protect against snakes.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen5_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The verdict of the hieroglyph expert was too much for the mathematician, antiquarian and Hälsingland native <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Celsius" title="Magnus Celsius">Magnus Celsius</a>. Celsius departed for Hälsingland in the early 1670s and made meticulous drawings of the runestones. When he was back in Stockholm, he worked hard on deciphering the runes but had to give up. Eventually he tried to add staves to the runes and suddenly deciphered some of the staveless runes. By 1674, he had deciphered all the runes except for the <small><b><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz">R</a></b></small> rune, which he interpreted as a distinguishing mark.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen5_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following year, Celsius made a speech at <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a>, where he made his discovery public. He started the process of publishing his discovery shortly after making the speech but died suddenly before the printing was finished.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen5_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the news of the discovery spread quickly among scholars and it was used as the basis of the claim that <a href="/wiki/Stenography" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenography">stenography</a> had originated in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen6_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would be <a href="/wiki/Olof_Celsius" title="Olof Celsius">Olof Celsius</a> who finally published his father's discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-enoksen5_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enoksen5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staveless_runes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following runestones are some of those that feature staveless runes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Runestones#Sö_159" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking Runestones">Österberga stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skarp%C3%A5ker_Stone" title="Skarpåker Stone">Skarpåker stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Runestones#Sö_137" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking Runestones">Sö 137 at Aspa bro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Runestones#Sö_164" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking Runestones">Spånga stone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staveless_runes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-enoksen1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Enoksen 1998:75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enoksen2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enoksen2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enoksen 1998:76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enoksen3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enoksen3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enoksen 1998:77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enoksen4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enoksen4_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enoksen 1998:183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enoksen5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen5_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen5_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen5_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen5_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen5_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enoksen5_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Enoksen 1998:194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enoksen6-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enoksen6_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enoksen 1998:195</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staveless_runes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Enoksen, Lars Magnar (1998). <i>Runor: historia, tydning, tolkning</i>. Historiska Media, Falun. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-88930-32-7" title="Special:BookSources/91-88930-32-7">91-88930-32-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staveless_runes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bind_rune" title="Bind rune">Bind rune</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Runes" title="Template:Runes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Runes" title="Template talk:Runes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Runes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Runes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Runes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runology" title="Runology">Runology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_runologists" title="List of runologists">List of runologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundata" title="Rundata">Rundata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Germanic Elder Futhark</a><br />24-type Fuþark<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> to <a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Normalized<br />Variations</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em;">–<br />–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚨ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚲ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚷ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Wynn" title="Wynn"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚹ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚺ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚻ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛃ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Eihwaz" title="Eihwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛇ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Peor%C3%B0" title="Peorð"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛈ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛉ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛊ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛏ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ehwaz" title="Ehwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛖ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛗ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛜ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛝ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Dagaz" title="Dagaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛞ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Othala" title="Othala"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛟ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b><br /></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">ã</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƿ">ƿ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">ï</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Frisian Futhorc</a><br />28-type Fuþorc<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/5th_century" title="5th century">5th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Normalized<br />Variations</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em;">–<br />–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚩ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚳ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚷ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Wynn" title="Wynn"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚹ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚻ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚺ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛄ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Eihwaz" title="Eihwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛇ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Peor%C3%B0" title="Peorð"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛈ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛉ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛏ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ehwaz" title="Ehwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛖ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛗ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛝ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛜ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Dagaz" title="Dagaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛞ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Othala" title="Othala"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛟ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚪ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚫ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚣ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ear_(rune)" title="Ear (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛠ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b><br /></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȝ">ȝ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƿ">ƿ</a></b>/<a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">ï</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a><br />ēo</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">œ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">oe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ōe</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>ea</b><br />æa</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Later Anglo-Saxon Futhorc</a><br />33-type Fuþorc<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Normalized<br />Variations</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em;">–<br />–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚩ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚳ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚷ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Wynn" title="Wynn"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚹ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚻ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚺ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛄ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Eihwaz" title="Eihwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛇ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Peor%C3%B0" title="Peorð"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛈ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛉ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛏ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ehwaz" title="Ehwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛖ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛗ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛝ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛜ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Dagaz" title="Dagaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛞ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Othala" title="Othala"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛟ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚪ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚫ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚣ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ear_(rune)" title="Ear (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ᛢ"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Calc_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calc (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛣ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9B%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="ᛥ"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛥ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚸ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes#Rune_inventory" title="Anglo-Saxon runes"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛤ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b><br /></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȝ">ȝ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƿ">ƿ</a></b>/<a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">ï</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a><br />ēo</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">œ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">oe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ōe</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>īa</b><br />īo</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>ea</b><br />æa</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>st</b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">ḡ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">k̄</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">c̄</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ck_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ck (digraph)">ck</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Kk_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kk (digraph)">kk</a></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Norse Younger Futhark</a><br />16-type Fuþark<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i><a href="/wiki/Long-branch_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-branch runes">Long-Branch</a></i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚬ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛏ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i><a href="/wiki/Short-twig_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-twig runes">Short-Twig</a></i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚭ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚽ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚿ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛆ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛌ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛓ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛙ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛧ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b><br /></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a><br /><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a><br /><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a>/<a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ą</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">å</a>/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ǫ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a><br /><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Later Younger Futhark</a><br />Stung Fuþark<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Regular</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚬ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a><br /><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">å</a>/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ǫ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top; padding-top: 2.5em"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Stung</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚤ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚧ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚵ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛀ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛂ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛑ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛔ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛛ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval runes</a><br />Medieval Fuþark<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>1st types</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚮ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚿ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛆ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>2nd types</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚤ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚧ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚰ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚵ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛂ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛍ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛑ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛔ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛛ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛨ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%AA" title="Ǫ">ǫ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a></b></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>3rd types</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚯ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚶ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛀ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛎ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastur_(rune)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastur (rune) (page does not exist)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛕ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ng</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%E1%B4%98" class="mw-redirect" title="ᴘ">ᴘ</a></b></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>4th types</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛪ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><small><i>Alphabetical<br />amalgamation</i></small></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛆ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛍ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛎ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛑ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚧ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛂ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚵ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚶ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛛ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚿ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛀ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚮ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚰ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛔ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastur_(rune)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastur (rune) (page does not exist)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛕ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚡ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚤ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 1.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛪ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚤ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛨ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛎ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛍ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚰ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚯ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%AA" title="Ǫ">ǫ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%E1%B4%98" class="mw-redirect" title="ᴘ">ᴘ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian runes</a><br />Dalecarlian alphabet<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><small><i>Alphabetical<br />(incomplete)</i></small></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛆ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style=""></span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚿ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛰ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">𐋐</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛩ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛌ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋᛌ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛠ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style=""></span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">Å</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚯ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">ä</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.raa.se/open/runor/search">Runic inscriptions interactive map</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Runic_inscriptions" title="Runic inscriptions">Runic inscriptions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rune_Poems" class="mw-redirect" title="Rune Poems">Rune Poems</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">Runestones</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runic magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Modern_runic_writing" title="Modern runic writing">Modern runic writing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-runes" title="Pseudo-runes">Pseudo-runes</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Staveless runes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staveless_runes&oldid=1192838782">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staveless_runes&oldid=1192838782</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Younger_Futhark" title="Category:Younger Futhark">Younger 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